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Rehan R, Beltrame J, Yong A. Insights into the invasive diagnostic challenges of coronary artery vasospasm - A systematic review. J Cardiol 2024; 83:8-16. [PMID: 37541429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary provocation testing is an essential diagnostic procedure when evaluating vasospastic angina. Invasive methods using acetylcholine or ergonovine are considered the current gold standard. Despite efforts from global cardiovascular institutions, current protocols vary in dosage, administration time, and procedural approach. In addition, concerns over the specificity of findings and potential complications have limited routine uptake of this procedure in clinical practice. This systematic review evaluates current diagnostic protocols, focusing on invasive provocation testing. We included studies using intracoronary provocation testing with acetylcholine or ergonovine for the assessment of coronary artery vasospasm that detailed specific elements of the procedure (dosage, administration time, etc.) and included ≥50 patients. A total of 28 articles met strict inclusion criteria. Our review highlights the heterogeneity between current diagnostic protocols for invasive provocation testing. We believe standardization of a diagnostic protocol will encourage both current and future cardiologists to incorporate such procedures in the evaluation of variant angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Rehan
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Beltrame
- Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andy Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Picard F, Adjedj J, Collet JP, Van Belle E, Monsegu J, Karsenty B, Dupouy P, Quillot M, Bonnet G, Gautier A, Cayla G, Benamer H. Pharmacological coronary spasm provocative testing in clinical practice: A French Coronary Atheroma and Interventional Cardiology Group (GACI) position paper. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:590-596. [PMID: 37891058 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Vasospastic angina, also described as Prinzmetal angina, was first described as a variant form of angina at rest with transient ST-segment elevation; it is common and present in many clinical scenarios, including chronic and acute coronary syndromes, sudden cardiac death, arrhythmia and syncope. However, vasospastic angina remains underdiagnosed, and provocative tests are rarely performed. The gold-standard diagnostic approach uses invasive coronary angiography to induce coronary spasm using ergonovine, methylergonovine or acetylcholine as provocative stimuli. The lack of uniform protocol decreases the use and performance of these tests, accounting for vasospastic angina underestimation. This position paper from the French Coronary Atheroma and Interventional Cardiology Group (GACI) aims to review the indications for provocative tests, the testing conditions, drug protocols and positivity criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Picard
- Department of Cardiology, Cochin Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaire Paris Centre, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Julien Adjedj
- Department of Cardiology, Institut Arnault-Tzanck, 06700 Saint-Laurent-du-Var, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Collet
- Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, INSERM UMRS 1166, Institut de Cardiologie, AP-HP, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Van Belle
- CHU Lille, Department of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology for Coronary, Valves and Structural Heart Diseases, Institut Coeur Poumon, INSERM U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EGID, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacques Monsegu
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Institut Cardio-Vasculaire, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Patrick Dupouy
- Pôle Cardio-Vasculaire Interventionnel, Clinique les Fontaines, 77000 Melun, France
| | - Marine Quillot
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Henri-Duffaut, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Guillaume Bonnet
- Haut-Lévêque Cardiology Hospital, Bordeaux University, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alexandre Gautier
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Cayla
- Cardiology Department, Nîmes University Hospital, Montpellier University, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Hakim Benamer
- ICPS Jacques Cartier, Ramsay Générale de Santé, 91300 Massy, France; ICV-GVM La Roseraie, 93300 Aubervilliers, France; Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France
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Ngo V, Tavoosi A, Natalis A, Harel F, Jolicoeur EM, Beanlands RSB, Pelletier-Galarneau M. Non-invasive diagnosis of vasospastic angina. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:167-177. [PMID: 35322379 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vasospastic angina (VSA), or variant angina, is an under-recognized cause of chest pain and myocardial infarction, especially in Western countries. VSA leads to a declined quality of life and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, the diagnosis of VSA relies on invasive testing that requires the direct intracoronary administration of ergonovine or acetylcholine. However, invasive vasoreactivity testing is underutilized. Several non-invasive imaging alternatives have been proposed to screen for VSA. This review aims to discuss the strengths and limitations of available non-invasive imaging tests for vasospastic angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ngo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Anahita Tavoosi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandre Natalis
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francois Harel
- Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - E Marc Jolicoeur
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S B Beanlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Li T, Wei Q, Wu L, Chen M, Zhang LP, Zhang Q, Liu XH. [Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, and Positive Drug-Controlled Clinical Trial on Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage after Vaginal Delivery with Ergometrine Maleate]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 53:316-320. [PMID: 35332736 PMCID: PMC10409347 DOI: 10.12182/20220360503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using ergometrine maleate injection combined with oxytocin injection, with oxytocin injection as the control, to prevent postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. Methods A total of 305 cases who underwent vaginal delivery between December 2018 and November 2019 in 16 hospitals across China were enrolled and included in the full analysis set (FAS) and the safety analysis set (SS). Among the 299 subjects who completed the trial, 277 were included in the per protocol set (PPS). The subjects were randomly assigned by 1∶1 ratio to two groups, 152 cases in Group A, the experimental group receiving oxytocin injection plus ergometrine injection, and 153 cases in Group B, the control group, receiving oxytocin injection. The difference in total bleeding volume at 2 h, 6 h and 24 h postpartum in the two groups was documented and compared. Other measures were also compared between the two groups, including the proportion of additional use of uterotonics and hemostatic drugs or other hemostatic measures 2 h and 24 h postpartum, the proportion of subjects needing blood transfusion, the time of placenta retention, proportion of subjects with prolonged hospital stay due to uterine asthenia, the vital signs, lab test indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups. Results The total bleeding volume at 2 h, 6 h and 24 h after delivery was significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of additional use of uterotonics and hemostatic drugs or other hemostatic measures 2 h and 24 h postpartum, the proportion of subjects needing blood transfusion and the time of placenta retention, heart rate, respiration, lab test indicators, or the incidence of adverse reaction (P>0.05). Conclusion Ergometrine maleate injection showed evident therapeutic efficacy in preventing hemorrhage after vaginal delivery, causing fewer adverse reactions and ensuring greater safety, and therefore, presenting promising prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing-Hui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sueda S, Sakaue T. A case report: intracoronary acetylcholine testing without a pacemaker may be one option in the left coronary artery. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab162. [PMID: 34738051 PMCID: PMC8564702 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER) test is employed as a pharmacological spasm provocation test. ACh causes vasoconstriction in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction such as coronary atherosclerosis, while ER induces coronary vasoconstriction through the activation of coronary smooth muscle. Case summary An 84-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital due to resting angina and syncope. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCAG) revealed severe proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery stenosis, but hybrid images of CTCAG and thallium-adenosine myocardial scintigraphy revealed no ischaemia. During syncope, inverted T waves on V5, V6 leads were recognized. After coronary arteriography, mild atherosclerotic stenosis (50%) was found at the proximal LAD artery, and we administered intracoronary ER 104 µg and 80 µg into the left and right coronary arteries because of suspected coronary spasm. However, no provoked spasm was obtained in either vessel. We administered 20, 50, and 100 µg intracoronary ACh into the left coronary artery (LCA) for 30 s without a pacemaker, because neither bradycardia nor cardiac arrest has occurred. Diffuse distal spasm was provoked after the administration of 100 µg ACh and the patient complained of typical chest pain and prodrome before syncope. The patient was diagnosed with coronary spastic angina by the ACh test but not the ER test. Discussion Different coronary responses between ACh and ER were observed in this case. Intracoronary ACh testing without a pacemaker may be one option in the LCA if no bradycardia or arrest occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Yawatahama City General Hospital, Ohira 1-638, Yawatahama City, Ehime Prefecture, Japan
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Bèze NE, Millien V, Lefèvre T, Chevalier B, Garot P, Hovasse T, Unterseeh T, Champagne S, Sanguineti F, Neylon A, Benamer H. [Methergin pour le diagnostic de l'angor spastique : voie intraveineuse ou intracoronaire ?]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2021; 70:446-450. [PMID: 34635330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasospastic angina is an infrequent underlying cause of angina and is under-diagnosed. Ergonovine provocation tests can be performed via intravenous or intracoronary injections. Although the safety profile of intracoronary injection has been well documented, no study has yet compared the intracoronary and intravenous injections regarding the positivity rate of the test. AIMS This study sought to compare the positivity rate of intravenous versus intracoronary injection of ergonovine in the diagnosis of vasospastic angina. METHODS Between January 2010 and February 2018, 427 patients with suspected vasospastic angina underwent an ergonovine provocation test in 2 tertiary hospitals in France and were retrospectively included in this study. Injection was performed via the intravenous or the intracoronary route. The primary endpoint was the positivity rate of the test. Propensity score matching was used to account for confounding factors. RESULTS 427 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 60.3 (+/- 12.4) years. There were 247 (58%) females and 97 (23%) smokers. The intracoronary route was used in 199 (47%) patients. The indication for the test was acute coronary syndrome for 121 (28%). No rhythmic complications or deaths were reported. After propensity-matching, the baseline characteristics of the 2 groups (148 patients in each) were comparable. The positivity rate was 24% in the intracoronary group and 9% in the intravenous group (OR [95%CI]: 3.2 [1.6, 6.4]). CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary injection of ergonovine is safe and associated with a positivity rate of the test three times higher compared to intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan El Bèze
- Cardiology department, Hôpital Foch, 40 Rue Worth, 92150Suresnes, France
| | - Vincent Millien
- Cardiology department, Centre Hospitalier de Saint Quentin, 1 Rue Michel De L'Hospital, 02100Saint Quentin, France
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Bernard Chevalier
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Philippe Garot
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Thomas Hovasse
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Thierry Unterseeh
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Stéphane Champagne
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Francesca Sanguineti
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Antoinette Neylon
- Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Claude Galien, 20 Route de Boussy-Saint-Antoine, 91480Quincy-sous-Sénart, France
| | - Hakim Benamer
- Cardiology department, Hôpital Foch, 40 Rue Worth, 92150Suresnes, France; Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France.
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Wayama K, Takagi K, Fujino M, Noguchi T. Permanent collateral circulation due to vasospasm angina. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2021; 37:400-401. [PMID: 34304348 DOI: 10.1007/s12928-021-00794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keima Wayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Masashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1, Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
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Sueda S, Sakaue T. Coronary artery spasm-induced acute myocardial infarction in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Heart Vessels 2021. [PMID: 34213596 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery spasm-induced acute myocardial infarction (CASIAMI) is one of the etiologies of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We retrospectively analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with CASIAMI and non-obstructive coronary arteries. We experienced 62 patients with MINOCA (10 thrombosis, 7 unknown causes, and 45 CASIAMI) among 991 patients with suspected AMI. Pharmacological spasm provocation testing was performed in 37 patients. CASIAMI without obstructive coronary arteries was found in 4.5% of patients with suspected AMI and was observed in 73% of patients with MINOCA. Patients with CASIAMI were frequently males and had relatively small AMIs. Spontaneous spasm was recognized in 8 patients. We could reproduce provoked spasm in 37 patients with MINOCA, including 23 patients with multiple spasm. No patients died during the follow-up period. The clinical outcomes in patients with CASIAMI under optimal coronary vasodilators were satisfactory.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracoronary (IC) provocation angiography is recommended when variant angina is suspected. However, specific procedure-related factors remain uncertain. METHODS Intracoronary ergonovine infusion was used for the provocation test. About 10, 20, and 40 μg of ergonovine were sequentially injected into the right coronary artery (RCA). During a negative or intermediate response or depending on the clinician's discretion, the left coronary artery (LCA) was injected with incremental doses of 20, 40, and 80 μg of ergonovine or vice versa. If significant coronary spasm or positive clinical findings were noted, the test was stopped immediately and IC nitroglycerine was injected. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 725 patients (male: 402; mean age: 58.5 years). Spasm-positive response was observed in 269 patients (37.1%), intermediate response in 113 patients (15.6%), and negative response in 343 patients (47.3%). The right radial artery approach was used in most cases (92.6%), and the RCA first approach was mainly chosen (95.0%). The provocation results in the RCA and LCA (93.4%, 381/408) were highly consistent, and the clinically significant discrepancy rate (RCA positive/LCA negative or RCA negative/LCA positive) was 1.5% (6/408). The RCA-alone provocation test can identify spasm-positive response in 93.4% of the patients (228/244). The mean procedure time was 39.9 ± 11.0 min, and approximately 3.3% (24/725) of the patients developed acute complications. CONCLUSIONS The RCA-first IC ergonovine provocation test is feasible, and the RCA-alone spasm provocation could be acceptable except in an intermediate response, highly clinically suspected cases, or high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jino Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeo-Jeong Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Kie Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Doo-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Sueda S. Pharmacological spasm provocation testing in 2500 patients: provoked spasm incidence, complications and cardiac events. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1368-1377. [PMID: 32350639 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological spasm provocation tests such as acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER) had been performed in the clinic. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of provoked spasm, complications during testing and the cardiac events after these tests. From January 1991 and October 2018, we performed pharmacological spasm provocation tests in 2500 patients: 1810 ACh tests, 1232 ER tests, 542 both tests, and 310 ACh added after ER tests. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/100/200 μg into the LCA and 20/50/80 μg into the RCA. ER was administered as a total dose of 64 μg into the LCA and 40 μg into the RCA. When adding ACh after ER, the total dose was 50/80 μg into the RCA and 100/200 μg into the LCA. Positive spasm was defined as ≥ 90% stenosis and usual chest pain or ischemic ECG changes. Mean follow-up duration was 47.5 ± 29.9 months. Overall, provoked positive spasm was found in 1095 patients (43.8%). The incidence of positive provoked spasm during ACh testing was significantly higher than that during other tests (ACh: 48.7% vs. ER: 28.9%, Both: 24%, ACh added after ER: 33.5%, p < 0.001). Multiple spasms were remarkably more frequent during ACh testing compared with the other 3 types of testing (ACh: 28.2% vs. ER: 7.4%, Both: 4.1%, ACh added after ER: 13.2%, p < 0.001). No death or acute myocardial infarction was observed, while major complications during ACh testing were significantly more frequent than during ER testing. Readmission due to recurrent angina pectoris in spasm-positive patients was remarkably more frequent than in spasm-negative patients. The incidence of sudden cardiac death, ventricular fibrillation, and acute coronary syndrome were not different between the spasm-positive and spasm-negative groups during the follow-up periods. We could perform all spasm provocation tests without any irreversible complications. All sequential spasm provocation tests were useful for documenting coronary spasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan.
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Sueda S, Kohno H. Spontaneous coronary artery spasm detected by computed tomography coronary angiography: Provoked spasm site similar to intracoronary injection of ergonovine but not acetylcholine. J Cardiol Cases 2019; 20:209-212. [PMID: 31762835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to chest pain on both rest and effort. After the computed tomography coronary angiography, coronary stenosis was recognized at segment 3. Because inferior ischemia on stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with 201 thallium chloride induced by adenosine was found, we planned to perform the coronary intervention. After control coronary angiography, no significant stenosis was found in the right coronary artery. Intracoronary acetylcholine testing disclosed diffuse spasm at segment 4, whereas intracoronary ergonovine administration documented the total spasm at segment 3. After the intracoronary administration of nitrate, we diagnosed him with coronary spastic angina without organic stenosis. <Learning objective: We describe a case of coronary spastic angina whose spontaneous coronary spasm was detected by computed tomography coronary angiography incidentally.>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
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Arai R, Kano H, Suzuki S, Semba H, Arita T, Yagi N, Otsuka T, Matsuno S, Matsuhama M, Kato Y, Uejima T, Oikawa Y, Okumura Y, Yajima J, Yamashita T. Myocardial bridging is an independent predictor of positive spasm provocation testing by intracoronary ergonovine injections: a retrospective observational study. Heart Vessels 2019; 35:474-486. [PMID: 31562555 PMCID: PMC7085475 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between myocardial bridging (MB) and coronary spasms during spasm provocation testing (SPT) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether MB was correlated with the SPT by ergonovine (ER) injections in a retrospective observational study. Of the 3340 patients who underwent a first coronary angiography, 166 underwent SPT using ER injections and were divided into 2 groups: MB(+) (n = 23), and MB(−) (n = 143). MB was defined as an angiographic reduction in the diameter of the coronary artery during systole. The patients who had severe organic stenosis in the left anterior descending coronary artery were excluded. The MB(+) group more frequently had diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, and a thicker interventricular septum thickness. The rate of SPT-positivity was higher in the MB(+) group than MB(−) group (56.5% vs. 22.4%, P = 0.001). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of MB was independently associated with SPT-positivity (odds ratio 5.587, 95% confidence interval 2.061–15.149, P = 0.001). In conclusion, coronary spasms during provocation tests with ER independently correlated with the MB. MB may predict coronary spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Kano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Takuto Arita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Naoharu Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Takayuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuhama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Yuko Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Tokuhisa Uejima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Yuji Oikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Yajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute, Nishiazabu 3-2-19, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1060031, Japan
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Sueda S, Kohno H. Clinical characteristics in patients with rest angina and hypoplastic right coronary artery. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:443-50. [PMID: 31529177 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypoplastic coronary artery disease is a rare congenital abnormality reported to be associated with myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Provoked positive spasm in the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) with pharmacological spasm provocation tests was remarkably lower than other coronary arteries. We sometimes encountered patients with rest angina and hypoplastic right coronary artery (H-RCA). Among 5953 patients with diagnostic and follow-up coronary arteriography, we found 93 patients (1.6%) with H-RCA. During the same period, we could perform spasm provocation tests in 564 patients with rest angina including 13 patients with H-RCA and 249 patients with effort angina including 10 patients with H-RCA. Pharmacological spasm provocation tests were performed in 51 of 93 patients including 34 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 17 patients with non-IHD. Provoked spasm incidence in patients with IHD was higher than in those with non-IHD but not significant (52.9% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.1114). Provoked positive spasm in the LCX in patients with rest angina and H-RCA was significantly higher than that in those without H-RCA (69.2% vs. 23.4%, p < 0.001). Provoked spasm on both left anterior descending artery and LCX in patients with rest angina and H-RCA was also remarkably higher than in those without H-RCA (53.8% vs. 3.1%, p < 0,001). There were no clinical differences between patients with and without H-RCA rest angina. Two-vessel spasm (61.5% vs. 0%, p < 0.01) and LCX-provoked spasm (69.2% vs. o%, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in patients with H-RCA and rest angina than that in those with H-RCA and effort angina. In patients with rest angina and H-RCA, LCX-positive spasm was significantly higher and these patients may have a potential of high disease activity in the clinic as a coronary spastic angina.
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Benamer H, Saighi Bouaouina M, Masri A, Sarkis G, El Beze N, Millien V. [Vasospastic angina: An under-diagnosed pathology]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2019; 68:341-346. [PMID: 31542201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and physiopathological clinical entity known as spastic angina or variant angina has been long documented. It remains, however, an under-estimated condition, which is insufficiently diagnosed and explored. This pathology is associated with severe complications such as heart rhythm disorders, which may potentially result in ventricular fibrillation and cause sudden death. In Japan, this condition occurs more frequently and is better documented. Stimulation tests are also carried out more often and have a higher positivity rate than in France where vasospastic angina is less frequently reported and where provocation tests are associated with negative results and are, consequently, performed less often. In order to improve the detection of this pathology, its potential presence should be explored in patients with rest angina who experience chest pain in the second half of the night and also in instances of acute coronary syndrome with sudden death and no angiographically visible coronary artery disease. The diagnosis should be confirmed by means of ergonovine provocation tests. In order to enhance the sensitivity of these tests without increasing the risk of complications, injection of ergonovine should be preferably carried out via the intracoronary route. By increasing the frequency and sensitivity of these tests, this pathology, which responds well to medical treatment in many cases, could be amenable to therapeutic management as any other form of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Benamer
- Groupe Ramsay générale de santé, Institut Jacques-Cartier, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; ICVGVM la Roseraie, 120, avenue de la République, 93300 Aubervilliers, France; Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France.
| | - M Saighi Bouaouina
- Groupe Ramsay générale de santé, Institut Jacques-Cartier, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; ICVGVM la Roseraie, 120, avenue de la République, 93300 Aubervilliers, France; Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - A Masri
- ICVGVM la Roseraie, 120, avenue de la République, 93300 Aubervilliers, France; Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - G Sarkis
- ICVGVM la Roseraie, 120, avenue de la République, 93300 Aubervilliers, France; Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - N El Beze
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - V Millien
- Centre hospitalier Saint-Quentin, 1, rue Michel de l'Hôpital, 02100 Saint-Quentin, France
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Sueda S, Fujimoto K, Sasaki Y, Sakaue T, Yoshii T, Habara H, Kohno H. Differential incidence and morphology of provoked spasm between intracoronary acetylcholine and ergonovine testing: recommendation of supplementary use. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:745-54. [PMID: 30474702 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
When cardiologists diagnose patients with coronary spastic angina, Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) guidelines recommend the intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER) as class I. However, the pharmacological difference between ACh and ER is controversial in the clinic. We performed both ACh and ER tests in the same 528 patients during 26 years. We investigated the provoked spasm configuration, spasm site, and clinical characteristics of provoked spasm between ACh and ER, retrospectively. We defined positive spasm as ≥90% luminal narrowing. Provoked positive spasm was observed in 161 right coronary arteries (RCA) including 83 ACh just positive, 35 ER just positive, and 43 both positive. In contrast, positive spasm was documented in 172 left coronary arteries (LCA) including 94 ACh just positive, 28 ER just positive, and 50 both positive. ACh provoked spasm more distally and diffusely, while ER induced spasm more proximally and totally or focally in the RCA. In the LCA, ACh provoked spasm more proximally, whereas ER induced spasm more distally. ER testing after the negative ACh tests of RCA and LCA documented new positive spasms in 10.3% (35/340) and 7.4% (28/376), respectively. Coronary artery trees may each have a sensitive receptor on each segment. We recommend the supplementary use of ACh and ER to document coronary artery spasm in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
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Grillo-Ardila CF, Amaya-Guio J, Ruíz-Parra AI, Amaya-Restrepo JC. Systematic review of prostaglandin analogues for retained placenta. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2018; 143:19-23. [PMID: 29939397 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical management of retained placenta could be a safe alternative to manual removal. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of prostaglandin analogues for retained placenta. SEARCH STRATEGY MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ICTRP, LILACS, and OpenSIGLE were searched without language restrictions from inception to January 31, 2017, by combining terms for retained placenta and prostaglandin analogues. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials comparing prostaglandin analogues with any other intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trials were independently assessed for inclusion, data extraction, and risk of bias. Data were extracted for meta-analyses. GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of data. MAIN RESULTS Seven randomized controlled trials (851 patients) were included. Prostaglandins did not increase the placenta expulsion rate (relative risk [RR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-2.36) or decrease maternal transfusion (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.43-1.22). In comparison with oxytocin, prostaglandins did not modify the expulsion rate (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.90-1.78), maternal transfusion (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.27-4.09), or time for delivery of placenta (mean difference -1.56 minutes, 95% CI, -9.25-6.13). Three trials comparing prostaglandins with oxytocin agonists, ergometrine, and manual removal reported similar results. CONCLUSIONS Prostaglandin analogues do not offer an effective alternative for management of retained placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Grillo-Ardila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo Amaya-Guio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ariel I Ruíz-Parra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Song YJ, Ha SJ, Lee DS, Bang WD, Shin DG, Woo Y, Cheong S, Yoo SY. Ergonovine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Vasospastic Angina and Its Prognostic Implications in 3,094 Consecutive Patients. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:906-916. [PMID: 30238707 PMCID: PMC6158448 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Ergonovine stress echocardiography (ErgECHO) has been proposed as a noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of coronary vasospasm. However, concern over the safety of ErgECHO remains. This study was undertaken to investigate the safety and prognostic value of ErgECHO in a large population. Methods We studied 3,094 consecutive patients from a single-center registry who underwent ErgECHO from November 2002 to June 2009. Medical records, echocardiographic data, and laboratory findings obtained from follow-up periods were analyzed. Results The overall positive rate of ErgECHO was 8.6%. No procedure-related mortality or myocardial infarction (MI) occurred. Nineteen patients (0.6%) had transient symptomatic complications during ErgECHO including one who was successfully resuscitated. Cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) occurred in 14.0% and 5.1% of the patients with positive and negative ErgECHO results, respectively (p<0.001) at a median follow-up of 10.5 years. Cox regression survival analyses revealed that male sex, age, presence of diabetes, total cholesterol level of >220 mg/dL, and positive ErgECHO result itself were independent factors associated with MACEs. Conclusions ErgECHO can be performed safely by experienced physicians and its positive result may be an independent risk factor for long-term adverse outcomes. It may also be an alternative tool to invasive ergonovine-provoked coronary angiography for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jeong Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Ha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong Seok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Woo Dae Bang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Dong Geum Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yeongmin Woo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Sangsig Cheong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
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Sueda S, Kohno H. Relationships between more than 90% coronary luminal narrowing induced by ergonovine provocation test and ECG ischemic change as well as chest symptoms. Heart Vessels 2017; 33:95-101. [PMID: 28808762 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the clinic, patients with ≥90% luminal narrowing during ergonovine (ER) testing had variable response. We investigated ischemic findings and chest symptoms in patients with ≥90% luminal narrowing when performing ER tests, retrospectively. We performed 1210 ER tests over 26 years (1991-2016). We analyzed chest symptoms and positive ischemic ECG changes during ER tests. More than 90% luminal narrowing was found in 352 patients (29.1%) including 211 patients in the right coronary artery (RCA) and 217 patients in the left coronary artery (LCA). Chest symptom was observed in 290 patients (82.4%) including 162 patients in the RCA and 179 patients in the LCA. ST elevation was found in 154 patients including 98 in the RCA and 73 patients in the LCA, while ST depression was recognized in 81 patients including 38 patients in the RCA and 62 patients in the LCA. Two-third of patients with ≥90% luminal narrowing had significant ischemic ECG changes, whereas 60.5% of patients with ≥90% luminal narrowing complained usual chest pain accompanied with significant ischemic ECG changes. Unusual chest symptom was complained in 7.1% of patients with ≥90% luminal narrowing. Neither chest symptom nor ECG changes was found in 48 patients (13.6%) with ≥90% luminal narrowing. We should understand some limitation to diagnose positive coronary spasm during ER tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongo 3 Chome 1-1, Niihama, Ehime Prefecture, 792-0042, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported less provoked spasm in the left circumflex artery (LCX) by acetylcholine testing compared with the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA), so we investigated the clinical characteristics of provoked spasm in the LCX by ergonovine (ER) testing.Methods and Results:We retrospectively analyzed 1,185 consecutive cases of intracoronary ER testing during 25 years. Maximal ER dose was 64 μg into the left coronary artery (LCA) and 40 μg into the RCA. Positive spasm was defined as a transient ≥90% narrowing and usual chest symptoms or ischemic ECG changes. Positive provoked spasm was recognized in 347 patients (29.3%), including 207 RCA spasms, 166 LAD spasms, and 79 LCX spasms. Spasm was provoked in the LCX significantly less than in the other vessels (P<0.001). LCX-provoked spasm was obtained in 79 patients consisting of 16 patients (20.3%) with triple-vessel spasm, 38 patients (48.1%) with double-vessel spasm and 25 patients (31.6%) with single-vessel spasm. Less than 70% patients with LCX-provoked spasm had multiple spasms, whereas approximately 60% patients had single-vessel spasm in the RCA (64.3%) or LAD (59.6%). In 25 patients with LCX single-vessel spasm, 18 patients (72.0%) had a focal spasm. CONCLUSIONS Under maximal ER dose of 64 μg into the LCA, LCX-provoked spasm occurred significantly less than spasm in the other vessels and less than 70% patients had multiple spasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital
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Sueda S, Kohno H, Ochi T, Uraoka T, Tsunemitsu K. Overview of the pharmacological spasm provocation test: Comparisons between acetylcholine and ergonovine. J Cardiol 2016; 69:57-65. [PMID: 27856130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spasm provocation tests of ergonovine and acetylcholine have been employed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Ergonovine acts through the serotogenic receptors, while acetylcholine acts through the muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Different mediators may have the potential to cause different coronary responses. However, there are few reports concerning the coronary response between ergonovine and acetylcholine in the same patients. Acetylcholine is supersensitive for females; spasm provoked by ergonovine is focal and proximal, whereas provoked spasm by acetylcholine is diffuse and distal. We should use both tests as supplementary in the clinic because ergonovine and acetylcholine have self-limitations to induce coronary spasms during daily life. The maximal pharmacological doses, administration methods, and the angiographical positive definition are remarkably different for each institution in the world. We recommend the pharmacological spasm provocation tests as Class I in the guidelines in patients with vasospastic angina throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ochi
- Department of Cardiology, Ochi Clinic, Iyogun Masaki Chou, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tadao Uraoka
- Department of Cardiology, Uraoka Clinic, Ozu, Ehime, Japan
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Lim AY, Park TK, Cho SW, Oh MS, Lee DH, Seong CS, Gwag HB, Yang JH, Song YB, Hahn JY, Choi JH, Lee SH, Gwon HC, Ahn J, Carriere KC, Choi SH. Clinical implications of low-dose aspirin on vasospastic angina patients without significant coronary artery stenosis; a propensity score-matched analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 221:161-6. [PMID: 27400315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose aspirin has been reported to exacerbate coronary artery spasm in patients with vasospastic angina. We investigated clinical implications of low-dose aspirin on vasospastic angina patients without significant coronary artery stenosis. METHODS We included patients without significant coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography (CAG) and with positive results on intracoronary ergonovine provocation test between January 2003 and December 2014. A total of 777 patients were divided into two groups according to prescription of low-dose aspirin at discharge: aspirin group (n=321) and non-aspirin group (n=456). The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as composite outcomes of cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, revascularization, or rehospitalization requiring CAG or medication change due to recurrent angina were compared. RESULTS The aspirin group had significantly higher incidence of MACE (22.8% versus 12.1%; p=0.04) and had higher tendency for rehospitalization (20.6% versus 11.2%; p=0.08). All-cause mortality and cardiac death were similar between the two groups. After propensity score matching, the aspirin group had greater risk of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.28; p=0.037) and rehospitalization requiring CAG (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13-4.20; p=0.03), and a higher tendency for rehospitalization (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.94-2.09; p=0.12). CONCLUSION In vasospastic angina without significant coronary artery stenosis, patients taking low-dose aspirin are at higher risk of MACE, driven primarily by tendency toward rehospitalization. Low-dose aspirin might be used with caution in vasospastic angina patients without significant coronary artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Kyu Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Sil Seong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Bin Gwag
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Hahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghyun Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K C Carriere
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung-Hyuk Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Abstract
Pharmacological spasm provocation tests are invasive methods and we always have the potential to encounter complications when performing these tests. In 1980, Buxton et al. reported three deaths when they performed intravenous ergonovine testing. However, we now employ the intracoronary ergonovine test instead of the intravenous injection of ergonovine from a safety procedure point of view. Past serious major complications of intravenous ergonovine tests, intracoronary ergonovine tests, and intracoronary acetylcholine tests were 0.31% (26/8419), 0.51% (11/2173), and 0.95% (148/15,527), respectively. Selective intracoronary testing had the serious major complications in 0.89% of patients including just one death (0.006%) and two acute myocardial infarctions (0.01%). Selective spasm provocation tests had no additional risks compared with performing diagnostic coronary angiography alone. In the Western countries, the pharmacological spasm provocation tests are not familiar in the clinic except for some specialized institutions. We need international clinical studies using the same protocol of spasm provocation tests to compare the frequency, clinical features, and prognosis of acetylcholine- or ergonovine-provoked coronary spasm between Western and Asian countries. And we hope that Western guidelines give spasm provocation testing a class I indication similar to Japanese Circulation Society guidelines because coronary artery spasm may have fewer racial differences and borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Tsukazaki Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
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Ito T, Fujita H, Tani T, Sugiura T, Ohte N. Increased circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm. Int J Cardiol. 2015;184:475-480. [PMID: 25756568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary endothelial dysfunction is thought to underlie the development of coronary artery spasms. Malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) was suggested as a marker of endothelial damage. This study investigated the diagnostic impact of MDA-LDL on ergonovine-induced coronary spasms. METHODS We included 152 patients with suspected coronary spastic angina. MDA-LDL levels were measured before an ergonovine provocation test. Coronary spasm was defined as total or subtotal occlusion, compared to the relaxed state after nitroglycerin, associated with ischemic ECG changes and concurrent chest pain. Changes in vessel diameter in response to ergonovine were evaluated with quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS Coronary spasms were observed in 41 patients (27%). MDA-LDL levels were significantly higher in patients with spasms compared to those without spasms (139.9 ± 45.9 U/L vs. 109.6 ± 36.6 U/L, p<0.01). Univariate logistic regression analyses indicated significant relationships between coronary spasms and MDA-LDL (per 10 U/L, odds ratio (OR): 1.20; p<0.01), high-density lipoprotein (per 10 mg/dL, OR: 0.76; p=0.03), smoking (OR: 3.04; p<0.01), and male gender (OR: 3.51; p<0.01). In the multivariate model, MDA-LDL (per 10 U/L, OR: 1.17; p<0.01) remained a significant predictor of coronary spasm. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between MDA-LDL levels and coronary luminal diameter changes induced by ergonovine (r=0.57, p<0.01). The optimal MDA-LDL threshold for predicting coronary spasm was 121.3 U/L, identified with a receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSIONS Increased circulating MDA-LDL levels were associated with ergonovine-induced coronary artery spasm.
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24
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Sueda S, Miyoshi T, Sasaki Y, Sakaue T, Habara H, Kohno H. Gender differences in sensitivity of acetylcholine and ergonovine to coronary spasm provocation test. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:322-9. [PMID: 25539623 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined the sex difference concerning the coronary artery response between ACh and ER in this study. We already reported the difference of coronary response between acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER). We performed both ACh and ER tests of 461 patients (male 294 patients, female 167 patients, mean age 64.4 ± 11.3 years) during 23 years. Positive coronary spasm was defined as >99 % transient luminal narrowing with usual chest pain and/or ischemic ECG changes. Firstly, ACh was administered in incremental doses of 20/50/(80) μg into the RCA and 20/50/100/(200) μg into the LCA over 20 s. Secondly, ER was administered in a total dose of 40 μg into the RCA and of 64 μg into the LCA over 2-4 min. Intracoronary injection of ACh and ER provoked spasm in 221 patients consisting of 160 male patients and 61 female patients. In female patients, the spasm provoked by ACh was almost perfect except in two patients (59 patients, 96.7 %), while ER provoked spasm in only 20 patients (32.8 %). In male patients, provoked spasm by ACh (129 patients, 80.6 %) was significantly higher than ER (97 patients, 60.6 %). As a spasm provocation test, ACh is more sensitive than ER in both sexes and especially in females. We may select two pharmacological agents by sex differences to provoke coronary artery spasm in the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan.
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Ysuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Habara
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
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25
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MacAlpin RN. Some observations on and controversies about coronary arterial spasm. Int J Cardiol 2014; 181:389-98. [PMID: 25555285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of spasm of epicardial coronary arteries are reviewed briefly, especially with regard to some issues that remain controversial. For diagnosis, emphasis is placed on the need for objective observations during an attack, even if that requires an attempt at pharmacologic provocation during coronary arteriography, or during echocardiography when prior arteriography has demonstrated the absence of severe coronary stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex N MacAlpin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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26
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Abstract
The prevalence of vasospastic angina is said to be low in Europe, but maybe because of a lack of diagnosis in the daily practice. However, coronary spasm is a common cause of cardiac arrest, especially among patients free of cardiac illness, and it should be systematically investigated after an unexplained cardiac arrest. Intracoronary spasm provocation test exposes patients to a lower risk compared to the risk of spontaneous spastic angina. Accurate modalities and diagnostic criteria have to be clarified for European population. Avoiding external causes of coronary spasm (such as cigarette smoking or more generally consuming coronary spasm inducing drugs) and prescribing antispastic medicine (first of all calcium channel blockers) are the basis of vasospastic angina treatment. However, recurrent coronary spasms have been reported despite an appropriate treatment and implantable automatic defibrillator has been implanted after case discussion when the onset of illness was cardiac arrest. We report the case of a patient recovering from cardiac arrest who had a positive spasm coronary provocation test, and was treated with calcium channel blockers and had been an automatic defibrillator implanted, with a coronary spasm provocation test performed afterward still contentious. While discussing this case, we are making a literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of spastic angina revealed by cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Halna du Fretay
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; CHU Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Centre hospitalier régional d'Orléans, 14, avenue de l'Hôpital, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | | | - H Benamer
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; Institut cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, 6, avenue du Noyer-Lambert, 91300 Massy, France; Hôpital européen de Paris-la-Roseraie, 120, avenue de la République, 93300 Aubervilliers, France
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27
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Sueda S, Miyoshi T, Sasaki Y, Sakaue T, Habara H, Kohno H. Safety and optimal protocol of provocation test for diagnosis of multivessel coronary spasm. Heart Vessels 2014; 31:137-42. [PMID: 25366987 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined the safety of acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER) tests retrospectively and investigated the optimal protocol of provocation test for diagnosis of multivessel coronary spasm. We performed 1546 ACh tests and 1114 ER tests during 23 years. ACh was injected in incremental doses of 20/50/80 μg into the right coronary artery (RCA) and of 20/50/100/200 μg into the left coronary artery (LCA) over 20 s. ER was administered in total doses of 40 μg into the RCA and of 64 μg into the LCA over 2-4 min. When a coronary spasm was induced and did not resolve spontaneously within 3 min after the completion of ACh/ER injection, or when hemodynamic instability due to coronary spasms occurred, 2.5-5.0 mg of nitrate was administered into the responsible vessel. To relive provoked spasm, it is necessary to administer nitrate in 31 cases by ACh and in 76 cases by ER (2.0 vs. 6.8 %, p < 0.01) before another vessel attempts. Multivessel spasms were often observed in LCA testing than in RCA testing on both agents [ACh: 78.6 % (11/14) vs. 11.8 % (2/17), p < 0.001, ER: 37.8 % (14/37) vs. 20.5 % (8/39), ns]. Even after the administration of nitrates, positive coronary spasm was obtained in 21.1 % by ACh and 52.9 % by ER tests on another coronary artery. No irreversible complications were recognized on both tests. We should firstly perform spasm provocation tests in the LCA and we may be able to diagnose another vessel spasm by performing the complete spasm provocation tests after the administration of nitrates to relieve provoked spasm in the first attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan.
| | - Toru Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Habara
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kohno
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural Hospital, Hongou 3 choume 1-1, Niihama, Ehime, 792-0042, Japan
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28
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Kim YG, Kim HJ, Choi WS, Im MS, Yoon CH, Suh JW, Choi DJ. Does a negative ergonovine provocation test truly predict freedom from variant angina? Korean Circ J 2013; 43:199-203. [PMID: 23613700 PMCID: PMC3629249 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergonovine provocation test is known to be very sensitive for diagnosing variant angina. The patient described in this study initially presented with atypical chest pain and underwent coronary angiography and ergonovine provocation tests, which were negative. The patient was subsequently prescribed a proton pump inhibitor and prokinetics for pain relief, but then presented with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock due to coronary artery vasospasm 5 years later. This case suggests that ergonovine provocation test generates false negative results, which can lead to unwanted outcomes. Even with a negative ergonovine provocation test, prescription of calcium channel blockers or nitrates should be considered in patients with a clinical history suggestive of variant angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gi Kim
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Lee HS, Min JY, Lee Y. Cardiac arrest with pulmonary edema in a non-parturient after ergonovine administration recovered with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2012; 63:559-62. [PMID: 23277820 PMCID: PMC3531538 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.6.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergonovine have been used for the prevention and treatment of postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage. Although this modality has been considered relatively safe in the obstetric patients, there were a few cardiac events associated with this drug in the post-delivery or post-abortion patients, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. We experienced cardiac arrest in a non-parturient with no discernible risk factors. Although resuscitated, she also suffered from pulmonary edema with unstable hemodynamics and low oxygenation. To manage the patient, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used and she recovered successfully without cardiopulmonary complications. Therefore, we recommend that when ergonovine is chosen as a modality, special caution should be paid to the pulmonary events, as well as cardiac, especially when administered by intravenously even in patients with no cardiovascular risk factors. If cardiac events occur, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or other measures, such as intra-aortic balloon pump can be helpful when conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Lee WS, Kim DH, Park KS, Woo SI, Shin SH, Jun K, Cheon W, Jeong ES, Park SD. A case of variant angina developing transient collateral circulation during vasospasm. Korean Circ J 2011; 41:220-3. [PMID: 21607175 PMCID: PMC3098417 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2011.41.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant angina is characterized by spontaneous episodes of angina, usually occurring in the morning and having ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. However, in the case presented here, vasospasm and angina was shown by ergonovine without ST elevation. The patient was a 60-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of frequent chest pain. There were no abnormalities in coronary angiography. When ergonovine (100 µg) was injected, total occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery was seen, without ST elevation at the electrocardiogram. The cause was collateral from left anterior descending artery to distal right coronary artery at the left coronary angiography. Therefore, in a patient with variant angina without ST elevation, a transient collateral circulation during vasospasm should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Seop Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Cortell A, Marcos-Alberca P, Almería C, Rodrigo JL, Pérez-Isla L, Macaya C, Zamorano JL. Ergonovine stress echocardiography: Recent experience and safety in our centre. World J Cardiol 2010; 2:437-42. [PMID: 21191545 PMCID: PMC3011139 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i12.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study recent experience and safety of ergonovine stress echocardiography in our centre. METHODS In this study we collected the clinical variables of patients referred since 2002 for ergonovine stress echocardiography, in addition to indications, the results of this test, complications, blood pressure and heart rate values during the test and the number and results of tests requested before this technique. RESULTS We performed 40 tests in 38 patients, 2 tests were carried out to verify therapy efficacy. The prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors was low and the most frequent indication was chest pain (57.5%). Coronary angiography was performed in 32 patients, and showed normal coronary arteries in 27 patients and non-significant stenosis in 5 cases. In 16 patients, coronary angiography was carried out after a positive or inconclusive ischemia test. Another 6 patients had a normal stress test (5 exercise electrocardiography tests and 1 nuclear imaging test). Of the 40 ergonovine stress echocardiography tests, 6 were positive (4 in the right coronary artery territory and 2 in the circumflex coronary artery territory), all of them by echocardiographic criteria, and by electrocardiographic criteria in only 3 (50%). The presence of non-significant coronary artery stenosis was more frequent in patients with positive ergonovine stress echocardiography (50% vs 6%, P = 0.038), and were related to ischemic territory. During the maximum stress stage, there was a higher systolic (130.26 ± 19.17 mmHg vs 136.58 ± 27.27 mmHg, 95% CI: -12.77 to 0.14 mmHg, P = 0.055) and diastolic blood pressure (77.89 ± 13.49 mmHg vs 83.95 ± 15.73 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.41 to -1.69 mmHg, P = 0.008) than at the baseline stage, and the same was registered with heart rate (73 ± 10.96 beats/min vs 79.79 ± 11.72 beats/min, 95% CI: -9.46 to -4.11 beats/min, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, there were only 2 hypertensive reactions during the last stage, which did not force a premature end to the test, without sustained tachy or bradyarrhythmias, and the technique was well tolerated in 58% of cases. A unique complication (2.5%) of this test was a prolonged vasospasm with a slight increase in necrosis biomarkers, however, this was without repercussion. CONCLUSION Ergonovine stress echocardiography can be performed with safety, is well tolerated in the majority of cases, and is useful for determining the ischemia mechanism in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cortell
- Alejandro Cortell, Pedro Marcos-Alberca, Carlos Almería, José L Rodrigo, Leopoldo Pérez-Isla, Carlos Macaya, José Luis Zamorano, University Clinic San Carlos, Cardiovascular Institute, Profesor Martín Lagos Street, Madrid 28040, Madrid comunity, Spain
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