1
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Adams JW, Negraes PD, Truong J, Tran T, Szeto RA, Guerra BS, Herai RH, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA, Del Campo M, Jones KL, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA. Impact of alcohol exposure on neural development and network formation in human cortical organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1571-1584. [PMID: 36385168 PMCID: PMC10208963 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the foremost preventable etiology of intellectual disability and leads to a collection of diagnoses known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Alcohol (EtOH) impacts diverse neural cell types and activity, but the precise functional pathophysiological effects on the human fetal cerebral cortex are unclear. Here, we used human cortical organoids to study the effects of EtOH on neurogenesis and validated our findings in primary human fetal neurons. EtOH exposure produced temporally dependent cellular effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. In addition, we identified EtOH-induced alterations in post-translational histone modifications and chromatin accessibility, leading to impairment of cAMP and calcium signaling, glutamatergic synaptic development, and astrocytic function. Proteomic spatial profiling of cortical organoids showed region-specific, EtOH-induced alterations linked to changes in cytoskeleton, gliogenesis, and impaired synaptogenesis. Finally, multi-electrode array electrophysiology recordings confirmed the deleterious impact of EtOH on neural network formation and activity in cortical organoids, which was validated in primary human fetal tissues. Our findings demonstrate progress in defining the human molecular and cellular phenotypic signatures of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional neurodevelopment, increasing our knowledge for potential therapeutic interventions targeting FASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bruno S Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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2
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Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Yu NK, Wu W, Yao H, Liang N, Lautz JD, Kwok E, McClatchy D, Diedrich J, de Bartolome SM, Truong J, Szeto R, Tran T, Herai RH, Smith SEP, Haddad GG, Yates JR, Muotri AR. Altered network and rescue of human neurons derived from individuals with early-onset genetic epilepsy. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7047-7068. [PMID: 33888873 PMCID: PMC8531162 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are severe disorders often associated with specific genetic mutations. In this context, the CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early-onset seizures, intellectual delay, and motor dysfunction. Although crucial for proper brain development, the precise targets of CDKL5 and its relation to patients' symptoms are still unknown. Here, induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individuals deficient in CDKL5 protein were used to generate neural cells. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic approaches revealed disruption of several pathways, including microtubule-based processes and cytoskeleton organization. While CDD-derived neural progenitor cells have proliferation defects, neurons showed morphological alterations and compromised glutamatergic synaptogenesis. Moreover, the electrical activity of CDD cortical neurons revealed hyperexcitability during development, leading to an overly synchronized network. Many parameters of this hyperactive network were rescued by lead compounds selected from a human high-throughput drug screening platform. Our results enlighten cellular, molecular, and neural network mechanisms of genetic epilepsy that could ultimately promote novel therapeutic opportunities for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hang Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ellius Kwok
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel McClatchy
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene Diedrich
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Herai RH, Szeto RA, Trujillo CA, Muotri AR. Response to Comment on "Reintroduction of the archaic variant of NOVA1 in cortical organoids alters neurodevelopment". Science 2021; 374:eabi9881. [PMID: 34648331 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi9881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Maricic et al. performed an undisclosed in silico-only whole-exome sequencing analysis of our data and found genomic alterations previously undetected in some clones. Some of the predicted alterations, if true, could change the original genotype of the clones. We failed to experimentally validate all but one of these genomic alterations, which did not affect our previous results or data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto H Herai
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, Archealization Center (ArchC), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Amar M, Pramod AB, Yu NK, Herrera VM, Qiu LR, Moran-Losada P, Zhang P, Trujillo CA, Ellegood J, Urresti J, Chau K, Diedrich J, Chen J, Gutierrez J, Sebat J, Ramanathan D, Lerch JP, Yates JR, Muotri AR, Iakoucheva LM. Autism-linked Cullin3 germline haploinsufficiency impacts cytoskeletal dynamics and cortical neurogenesis through RhoA signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3586-3613. [PMID: 33727673 PMCID: PMC8443683 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
E3-ubiquitin ligase Cullin3 (Cul3) is a high confidence risk gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental delay (DD). To investigate how Cul3 mutations impact brain development, we generated a haploinsufficient Cul3 mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering. Cul3 mutant mice exhibited social and cognitive deficits and hyperactive behavior. Brain MRI found decreased volume of cortical regions and changes in many other brain regions of Cul3 mutant mice starting from early postnatal development. Spatiotemporal transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of embryonic, early postnatal and adult brain implicated neurogenesis and cytoskeletal defects as key drivers of Cul3 functional impact. Specifically, dendritic growth, filamentous actin puncta, and spontaneous network activity were reduced in Cul3 mutant mice. Inhibition of small GTPase RhoA, a molecular substrate of Cul3 ligase, rescued dendrite length and network activity phenotypes. Our study identified defects in neuronal cytoskeleton and Rho signaling as the primary targets of Cul3 mutation during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Amar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jorge Urresti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Chau
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lilia M Iakoucheva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Puppo F, Sadegh S, Trujillo CA, Thunemann M, Campbell EP, Vandenberghe M, Shan X, Akkouh IA, Miller EW, Bloodgood BL, Silva GA, Dale AM, Einevoll GT, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Muotri AR, Devor A. All-Optical Electrophysiology in hiPSC-Derived Neurons With Synthetic Voltage Sensors. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:671549. [PMID: 34122014 PMCID: PMC8193062 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.671549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage imaging and “all-optical electrophysiology” in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons have opened unprecedented opportunities for high-throughput phenotyping of activity in neurons possessing unique genetic backgrounds of individual patients. While prior all-optical electrophysiology studies relied on genetically encoded voltage indicators, here, we demonstrate an alternative protocol using a synthetic voltage sensor and genetically encoded optogenetic actuator that generate robust and reproducible results. We demonstrate the functionality of this method by measuring spontaneous and evoked activity in three independent hiPSC-derived neuronal cell lines with distinct genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Puppo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sanaz Sadegh
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evan P Campbell
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Matthieu Vandenberghe
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiwei Shan
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brenda L Bloodgood
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel A Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind and Halıcıoglu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States
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6
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Nakashima H, Tsujimura K, Irie K, Imamura T, Trujillo CA, Ishizu M, Uesaka M, Pan M, Noguchi H, Okada K, Aoyagi K, Andoh-Noda T, Okano H, Muotri AR, Nakashima K. MeCP2 controls neural stem cell fate specification through miR-199a-mediated inhibition of BMP-Smad signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109124. [PMID: 34010654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurological disorder, with impaired brain development caused by mutations in MECP2; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We know from previous work that MeCP2 facilitates the processing of a specific microRNA, miR-199a, by associating with the Drosha complex to regulate neuronal functions. Here, we show that the MeCP2/miR-199a axis regulates neural stem/precursor cell (NS/PC) differentiation. A shift occurs from neuronal to astrocytic differentiation of MeCP2- and miR-199a-deficient NS/PCs due to the upregulation of a miR-199a target, Smad1, a downstream transcription factor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Moreover, miR-199a expression and treatment with BMP inhibitors rectify the differentiation of RTT patient-derived NS/PCs and development of brain organoids, respectively, suggesting that facilitation of BMP signaling accounts for the impaired RTT brain development. Our study illuminates the molecular pathology of RTT and reveals the MeCP2/miR-199a/Smad1 axis as a potential therapeutic target for RTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Nagoya University Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Center for Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masataka Ishizu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uesaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miao Pan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kanako Okada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Aoyagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoko Andoh-Noda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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7
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Trujillo CA, Rice ES, Schaefer NK, Chaim IA, Wheeler EC, Madrigal AA, Buchanan J, Preissl S, Wang A, Negraes PD, Szeto RA, Herai RH, Huseynov A, Ferraz MSA, Borges FS, Kihara AH, Byrne A, Marin M, Vollmers C, Brooks AN, Lautz JD, Semendeferi K, Shapiro B, Yeo GW, Smith SEP, Green RE, Muotri AR. Reintroduction of the archaic variant of NOVA1 in cortical organoids alters neurodevelopment. Science 2021; 371:371/6530/eaax2537. [PMID: 33574182 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved splicing regulator neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 (NOVA1) plays a key role in neural development and function. NOVA1 also includes a protein-coding difference between the modern human genome and Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes. To investigate the functional importance of an amino acid change in humans, we reintroduced the archaic allele into human induced pluripotent cells using genome editing and then followed their neural development through cortical organoids. This modification promoted slower development and higher surface complexity in cortical organoids with the archaic version of NOVA1 Moreover, levels of synaptic markers and synaptic protein coassociations correlated with altered electrophysiological properties in organoids expressing the archaic variant. Our results suggest that the human-specific substitution in NOVA1, which is exclusive to modern humans since divergence from Neanderthals, may have had functional consequences for our species' evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Edward S Rice
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nathan K Schaefer
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Isaac A Chaim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Emily C Wheeler
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Assael A Madrigal
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Experimental Multiuser Laboratory (LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Alik Huseynov
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Mariana S A Ferraz
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Borges
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Ashley Byrne
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Maximillian Marin
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christopher Vollmers
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Angela N Brooks
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jonathan D Lautz
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katerina Semendeferi
- Department of Anthropology, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen E P Smith
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard E Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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8
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Trujillo CA, Adams JW, Negraes PD, Carromeu C, Tejwani L, Acab A, Tsuda B, Thomas CA, Sodhi N, Fichter KM, Romero S, Zanella F, Sejnowski TJ, Ulrich H, Muotri AR. Pharmacological reversal of synaptic and network pathology in human MECP2-KO neurons and cortical organoids. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12523. [PMID: 33501759 PMCID: PMC7799367 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication or deficiency of the X-linked MECP2 gene reliably produces profound neurodevelopmental impairment. MECP2 mutations are almost universally responsible for Rett syndrome (RTT), and particular mutations and cellular mosaicism of MECP2 may underlie the spectrum of RTT symptomatic severity. No clinically approved treatments for RTT are currently available, but human pluripotent stem cell technology offers a platform to identify neuropathology and test candidate therapeutics. Using a strategic series of increasingly complex human stem cell-derived technologies, including human neurons, MECP2-mosaic neurospheres to model RTT female brain mosaicism, and cortical organoids, we identified synaptic dysregulation downstream from knockout of MECP2 and screened select pharmacological compounds for their ability to treat this dysfunction. Two lead compounds, Nefiracetam and PHA 543613, specifically reversed MECP2-knockout cytologic neuropathology. The capacity of these compounds to reverse neuropathologic phenotypes and networks in human models supports clinical studies for neurodevelopmental disorders in which MeCP2 deficiency is the predominant etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jason W Adams
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Cassiano Carromeu
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- StemoniX IncMaple GroveMNUSA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Present address:
Interdepartmental Neuroscience ProgramYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Allan Acab
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Ben Tsuda
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Charles A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Computational Neurobiology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaCAUSA
- Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de BioquímicaInstituto de QuímicaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's HospitalDepartment of Cellular & Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Center for Academic Research and Training in AnthropogenyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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9
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Urresti J, Zhang P, Moran-Losada P, Yu NK, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Antaki D, Amar M, Chau K, Pramod AB, Diedrich J, Tejwani L, Romero S, Sebat J, Yates III JR, Muotri AR, Iakoucheva LM. Correction: Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7581. [PMID: 34548630 PMCID: PMC9119232 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Urresti
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Priscilla D. Negraes
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Cleber A. Trujillo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Danny Antaki
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Megha Amar
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kevin Chau
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jolene Diedrich
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sarah Romero
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242 Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - John R. Yates III
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Lilia M. Iakoucheva
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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10
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Urresti J, Zhang P, Moran-Losada P, Yu NK, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Antaki D, Amar M, Chau K, Pramod AB, Diedrich J, Tejwani L, Romero S, Sebat J, Yates III JR, Muotri AR, Iakoucheva LM. Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7560-7580. [PMID: 34433918 PMCID: PMC8873019 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal deletion and duplication of the 16p11.2 region is the most common copy number variation (CNV) associated with autism spectrum disorders. We generated cortical organoids from skin fibroblasts of patients with 16p11.2 CNV to investigate impacted neurodevelopmental processes. We show that organoid size recapitulates macrocephaly and microcephaly phenotypes observed in the patients with 16p11.2 deletions and duplications. The CNV dosage affects neuronal maturation, proliferation, and synapse number, in addition to its effect on organoid size. We demonstrate that 16p11.2 CNV alters the ratio of neurons to neural progenitors in organoids during early neurogenesis, with a significant excess of neurons and depletion of neural progenitors observed in deletions. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed multiple pathways dysregulated by the 16p11.2 CNV, including neuron migration, actin cytoskeleton, ion channel activity, synaptic-related functions, and Wnt signaling. The level of the active form of small GTPase RhoA was increased in both, deletions and duplications. Inhibition of RhoA activity rescued migration deficits, but not neurite outgrowth. This study provides insights into potential neurobiological mechanisms behind the 16p11.2 CNV during neocortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Urresti
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nam-Kyung Yu
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Priscilla D. Negraes
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Cleber A. Trujillo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Danny Antaki
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Megha Amar
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kevin Chau
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jolene Diedrich
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Leon Tejwani
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sarah Romero
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jonathan Sebat
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, Beyster Center for Psychiatric Genomics, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - John R. Yates III
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242University of California San Diego, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA USA ,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Lilia M. Iakoucheva
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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11
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Gomes AR, Fernandes TG, Vaz SH, Silva TP, Bekman EP, Xapelli S, Duarte S, Ghazvini M, Gribnau J, Muotri AR, Trujillo CA, Sebastião AM, Cabral JMS, Diogo MM. Modeling Rett Syndrome With Human Patient-Specific Forebrain Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:610427. [PMID: 33363173 PMCID: PMC7758289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering brain organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a powerful tool for modeling brain development and neurological disorders. Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, can greatly benefit from this technology, since it affects multiple neuronal subtypes in forebrain sub-regions. We have established dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids from control and RTT patient-specific hiPSCs recapitulating 3D organization and functional network complexity. Our data revealed a premature development of the deep-cortical layer, associated to the formation of TBR1 and CTIP2 neurons, and a lower expression of neural progenitor/proliferative cells in female RTT dorsal organoids. Moreover, calcium imaging and electrophysiology analysis demonstrated functional defects of RTT neurons. Additionally, assembly of RTT dorsal and ventral organoids revealed impairments of interneuron’s migration. Overall, our models provide a better understanding of RTT during early stages of neural development, demonstrating a great potential for personalized diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine (Lisbon Campus), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mehrnaz Ghazvini
- Erasmus MC iPS Facility, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Margarida Diogo
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Wu W, Yao H, Dwivedi I, Negraes PD, Zhao HW, Wang J, Trujillo CA, Muotri AR, Haddad GG. Methadone Suppresses Neuronal Function and Maturation in Human Cortical Organoids. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:593248. [PMID: 33328864 PMCID: PMC7719724 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.593248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that prenatal exposure to methadone causes multiple adverse effects on human brain development. Methadone not only suppresses fetal neurobehavior and alters neural maturation, but also leads to long-term neurological impairment. Due to logistical and ethical issues of accessing human fetal tissue, the effect of methadone on brain development and its underlying mechanisms have not been investigated adequately and are therefore not fully understood. Here, we use human cortical organoids which resemble fetal brain development to examine the effect of methadone on neuronal function and maturation during early development. During development, cortical organoids that are exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of methadone exhibited suppressed maturation of neuronal function. For example, organoids developed from 12th week till 24th week have an about 7-fold increase in AP firing frequency, but only half and a third of this increase was found in organoids exposed to 1 and 10 μM methadone, respectively. We further demonstrated substantial increases in INa (4.5-fold) and IKD (10.8-fold), and continued shifts of Na+ channel activation and inactivation during normal organoid development. Methadone-induced suppression of neuronal function was attributed to the attenuated increase in the densities of INa and IKD and the reduced shift of Na+ channel gating properties. Since normal neuronal electrophysiology and ion channel function are critical for regulating brain development, we believe that the effect of prolonged methadone exposure contributes to the delayed maturation, development fetal brain and potentially for longer term neurologic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hang Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ila Dwivedi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Helen W Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
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13
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Szeto RA, Tran T, Truong J, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA. RNA processing in neurological tissue: development, aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:57-67. [PMID: 33077405 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression comprises a diverse array of enzymes, proteins, non-coding transcripts, and cellular structures to guide the transfer of genetic information to its various final products. In the brain, the coordination among genes, or lack thereof, characterizes individual brain regions, mediates a variety of brain-related disorders, and brings light to fundamental differences between species. RNA processing, occurring between transcription and translation, controls an essential portion of gene expression through splicing, editing, localization, stability, and interference. The machinery to regulate transcripts must operate with precision serving as a blueprint for proteins and non-coding RNAs to derive their identity. Therefore, RNA processing has a broad scope of influence in the brain, as it modulates cell morphogenesis during development and underlies mechanisms behind certain neurological diseases. Here, we present these ideas through recent findings on RNA processing in development and post-developmental maturity to advance therapeutic discoveries and the collective knowledge of the RNA life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Szeto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Timothy Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Justin Truong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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14
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Zhu Z, Mesci P, Bernatchez JA, Gimple RC, Wang X, Schafer ST, Wettersten HI, Beck S, Clark AE, Wu Q, Prager BC, Kim LJY, Dhanwani R, Sharma S, Garancher A, Weis SM, Mack SC, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Penalva LO, Feng J, Lan Z, Zhang R, Wessel AW, Dhawan S, Diamond MS, Chen CC, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Gage FH, Hu H, Siqueira-Neto JL, Muotri AR, Cheresh DA, Rich JN. Zika Virus Targets Glioblastoma Stem Cells through a SOX2-Integrin α vβ 5 Axis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:187-204.e10. [PMID: 31956038 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes microcephaly by killing neural precursor cells (NPCs) and other brain cells. ZIKV also displays therapeutic oncolytic activity against glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs). Here we demonstrate that ZIKV preferentially infected and killed GSCs and stem-like cells in medulloblastoma and ependymoma in a SOX2-dependent manner. Targeting SOX2 severely attenuated ZIKV infection, in contrast to AXL. As mechanisms of SOX2-mediated ZIKV infection, we identified inverse expression of antiviral interferon response genes (ISGs) and positive correlation with integrin αv (ITGAV). ZIKV infection was disrupted by genetic targeting of ITGAV or its binding partner ITGB5 and by an antibody specific for integrin αvβ5. ZIKV selectively eliminated GSCs from species-matched human mature cerebral organoids and GBM surgical specimens, which was reversed by integrin αvβ5 inhibition. Collectively, our studies identify integrin αvβ5 as a functional cancer stem cell marker essential for GBM maintenance and ZIKV infection, providing potential brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiromi I Wettersten
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute - UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhou Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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15
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Trujillo CA, Gao R, Negraes PD, Gu J, Buchanan J, Preissl S, Wang A, Wu W, Haddad GG, Chaim IA, Domissy A, Vandenberghe M, Devor A, Yeo GW, Voytek B, Muotri AR. Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:558-569.e7. [PMID: 31474560 PMCID: PMC6778040 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Structural and transcriptional changes during early brain maturation follow fixed developmental programs defined by genetics. However, whether this is true for functional network activity remains unknown, primarily due to experimental inaccessibility of the initial stages of the living human brain. Here, we developed human cortical organoids that dynamically change cellular populations during maturation and exhibited consistent increases in electrical activity over the span of several months. The spontaneous network formation displayed periodic and regular oscillatory events that were dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. The oscillatory activity transitioned to more spatiotemporally irregular patterns, and synchronous network events resembled features similar to those observed in preterm human electroencephalography. These results show that the development of structured network activity in a human neocortex model may follow stable genetic programming. Our approach provides opportunities for investigating and manipulating the role of network activity in the developing human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Richard Gao
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Institute for Neural Computation, Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jing Gu
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Buchanan
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Allen Wang
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gabriel G Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isaac A Chaim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alain Domissy
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Matthieu Vandenberghe
- Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley Voytek
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Institute for Neural Computation, Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Brain organoids are 3D self-assembled structures composed of hundreds of thousands to millions of cells that resemble the cellular organization and transcriptional and epigenetic signature of a developing human brain. Advancements using brain organoids have been made to elucidate the genetic basis of certain neurodevelopmental disorders, such as microcephaly and autism; and to investigate the impact of environmental factors to the brain, such as during Zika virus infection. It remains to be explored how far brain organoids can functionally mature and process external information. An improved brain organoid model might reproduce important aspects of the human brain in a more reproducible and high-throughput fashion. This novel and complementary approach in the neuroscience toolbox opens perspectives to understand the fundamental features of the human neurodevelopment, with implications to personalize therapeutic opportunities for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037-0695, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037-0695, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, La Jolla, CA 92037-0695, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The study of variations in human neurodevelopment and cognition is limited by the availability of experimental models. While animal models only partially recapitulate the human brain development, genetics, and heterogeneity, human-induced pluripotent stem cells can provide an attractive experimental alternative. However, cellular reprogramming and further differentiation techniques are costly and time-consuming and therefore, studies using this approach are often limited to a small number of samples. In this study, we describe a rapid and cost-effective method to reprogram somatic cells and the direct generation of cortical organoids in a 96-well format. Our data are a proof-of-principle that a large cohort of samples can be generated for experimental assessment of the human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Schukking
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Helen C Miranda
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,2 Department of Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla, California.,3 Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California.,4 Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA), University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
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18
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Liang N, Trujillo CA, Negraes PD, Muotri AR, Lameu C, Ulrich H. Stem cell contributions to neurological disease modeling and personalized medicine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:54-62. [PMID: 28576415 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a revolutionary tool for disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation of tissue-relevant cell types exhibiting a patient's genetic and molecular background offers the ability to develop individual and effective therapies. In this review, we present some major achievements in the neuroscience field using iPSCs and discuss promising perspectives in personalized medicine. In addition to disease modeling, the understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of neurological disorders is explored, including the discovery of new targets and potential drugs. Ultimately, we highlight how iPSC technology, together with genome editing approaches, may bring a deep impact on pre-clinical trials by reducing costs and increasing the success of treatments in a personalized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Liang
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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19
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Marchetto MC, Belinson H, Tian Y, Freitas BC, Fu C, Vadodaria K, Beltrao-Braga P, Trujillo CA, Mendes AP, Padmanabhan K, Nunez Y, Ou J, Ghosh H, Wright R, Brennand K, Pierce K, Eichenfield L, Pramparo T, Eyler L, Barnes CC, Courchesne E, Geschwind DH, Gage FH, Wynshaw-Boris A, Muotri AR. Altered proliferation and networks in neural cells derived from idiopathic autistic individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:820-835. [PMID: 27378147 PMCID: PMC5215991 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common, complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for ASD pathogenesis have been proposed based on genetic studies, brain pathology and imaging, but a major impediment to testing ASD hypotheses is the lack of human cell models. Here, we reprogrammed fibroblasts to generate induced pluripotent stem cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons from ASD individuals with early brain overgrowth and non-ASD controls with normal brain size. ASD-derived NPCs display increased cell proliferation because of dysregulation of a β-catenin/BRN2 transcriptional cascade. ASD-derived neurons display abnormal neurogenesis and reduced synaptogenesis leading to functional defects in neuronal networks. Interestingly, defects in neuronal networks could be rescued by insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a drug that is currently in clinical trials for ASD. This work demonstrates that selection of ASD subjects based on endophenotypes unraveled biologically relevant pathway disruption and revealed a potential cellular mechanism for the therapeutic effect of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haim Belinson
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yuan Tian
- University of California Los Angeles, Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90402, USA
| | - Beatriz C. Freitas
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Chen Fu
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Patricia Beltrao-Braga
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
- University of São Paulo, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber A. Trujillo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Ana P.D. Mendes
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Krishnan Padmanabhan
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 603 Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yanelli Nunez
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Jing Ou
- University of California Los Angeles, Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90402, USA
| | - Himanish Ghosh
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Wright
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristen Brennand
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karen Pierce
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence Eichenfield
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tiziano Pramparo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lisa Eyler
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cynthia C. Barnes
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Courchesne
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- University of California Los Angeles, Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90402, USA
| | - Fred H. Gage
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anthony Wynshaw-Boris
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Human Genetics, CA 94143, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
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20
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Pillat MM, Lameu C, Trujillo CA, Glaser T, Cappellari AR, Negraes PD, Battastini AMO, Schwindt TT, Muotri AR, Ulrich H. Bradykinin promotes neuron-generating division of neural progenitor cells through ERK activation. Development 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.144923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Pillat MM, Lameu C, Trujillo CA, Glaser T, Cappellari AR, Negraes PD, Battastini AMO, Schwindt TT, Muotri AR, Ulrich H. Bradykinin promotes neuron-generating division of neural progenitor cells through ERK activation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3437-48. [PMID: 27528403 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development, cells proliferate, migrate and differentiate in highly accurate patterns. In this context, published results indicate that bradykinin functions in neural fate determination, favoring neurogenesis and migration. However, mechanisms underlying bradykinin function are yet to be explored. Our findings indicate a previously unidentified role for bradykinin action in inducing neuron-generating division in vitro and in vivo, given that bradykinin lengthened the G1-phase of the neural progenitor cells (NPC) cycle and increased TIS21 (also known as PC3 and BTG2) expression in hippocampus from newborn mice. This role, triggered by activation of the kinin-B2 receptor, was conditioned by ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal dentate gyrus showed that the percentage of Ki67(+) cells markedly increased in bradykinin-treated mice, and ERK1/2 inhibition affected this neurogenic response. The progress of neurogenesis depended on sustained ERK phosphorylation and resulted in ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus in NPCs and PC12 cells, changing expression of genes such as Hes1 and Ngn2 (also known as Neurog2). In agreement with the function of ERK in integrating signaling pathways, effects of bradykinin in stimulating neurogenesis were reversed following removal of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated sustained phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli M Pillat
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Angélica R Cappellari
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035 000, Brazil
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Ana M O Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035 000, Brazil
| | - Telma T Schwindt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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22
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Zhang ZN, Freitas BC, Qian H, Lux J, Acab A, Trujillo CA, Herai RH, Nguyen Huu VA, Wen JH, Joshi-Barr S, Karpiak JV, Engler AJ, Fu XD, Muotri AR, Almutairi A. Layered hydrogels accelerate iPSC-derived neuronal maturation and reveal migration defects caused by MeCP2 dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3185-90. [PMID: 26944080 PMCID: PMC4812712 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521255113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing a wide range of cellular phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders using patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can be facilitated by 3D assays, as 2D systems cannot entirely recapitulate the arrangement of cells in the brain. Here, we developed a previously unidentified 3D migration and differentiation assay in layered hydrogels to examine how these processes are affected in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Rett syndrome. Our soft 3D system mimics the brain environment and accelerates maturation of neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NPCs, yielding electrophysiologically active neurons within just 3 wk. Using this platform, we revealed a genotype-specific effect of methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MeCP2) dysfunction on iPSC-derived neuronal migration and maturation (reduced neurite outgrowth and fewer synapses) in 3D layered hydrogels. Thus, this 3D system expands the range of neural phenotypes that can be studied in vitro to include those influenced by physical and mechanical stimuli or requiring specific arrangements of multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Beatriz C Freitas
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Jacques Lux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Allan Acab
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jessica H Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shivanjali Joshi-Barr
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jerome V Karpiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651; Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123; Stem Cell Program, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Adah Almutairi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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23
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Vessoni AT, Herai RH, Karpiak JV, Leal AMS, Trujillo CA, Quinet A, Agnez Lima LF, Menck CFM, Muotri AR. Cockayne syndrome-derived neurons display reduced synapse density and altered neural network synchrony. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1271-80. [PMID: 26755826 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder in which 80% of cases are caused by mutations in the Excision Repair Cross-Complementation group 6 gene (ERCC6). The encoded ERCC6 protein is more commonly referred to as Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB). Classical symptoms of CS patients include failure to thrive and a severe neuropathology characterized by microcephaly, hypomyelination, calcification and neuronal loss. Modeling the neurological aspect of this disease has proven difficult since murine models fail to mirror classical neurological symptoms. Therefore, a robust human in vitro cellular model would advance our fundamental understanding of the disease and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we successfully derived functional CS neural networks from human CS induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) providing a new tool to facilitate studying this devastating disease. We identified dysregulation of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) pathway as well as pathways related to synapse formation, maintenance and neuronal differentiation in CSB neurons using unbiased RNA-seq gene expression analyses. Moreover, when compared to unaffected controls, CSB-deficient neural networks displayed altered electrophysiological activity, including decreased synchrony, and reduced synapse density. Collectively, our work reveals that CSB is required for normal neuronal function and we have established an alternative to previously available models to further study neural-specific aspects of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre T Vessoni
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil and
| | - Jerome V Karpiak
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angelica M S Leal
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucymara F Agnez Lima
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,
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24
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Oliveira SLB, Trujillo CA, Negraes PD, Ulrich H. Effects of ATP and NGF on Proliferation and Migration of Neural Precursor Cells. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1849-57. [PMID: 26233465 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors belong to the most ancient neurotransmitter system. While their relevance in neurotransmission is well characterized, it has become clear that they have many other cellular functions. During development, they participate in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Here, we used rat embryonic telencephalon neurosphere cultures to detect purinergic P2 receptor subtype expression and possible synergistic actions of these receptors with NGF. Neurospheres proliferate in the presence of EGF and FGF-2; however, upon depletion of these growth factors, they migrate and differentiate into neurons and glial phenotypes. Expression patterns of P2X and P2Y receptors changed along neural differentiation. Gene expression of P2X2-7 and P2Y1,2,4,6,12,14 receptors was confirmed in undifferentiated and neural-differentiated neurospheres, with an up-regulation of P2X2 and P2X6 subtypes, together with a down-regulation of P2X4, P2X7 and P2Y subtypes upon induction to differentiation. BrdU-labeling and subsequent flow cytometry analysis was used to measure cell proliferation, which was increased by chronic exposure to NGF and increasing concentrations of ATP, in line with the expression levels of PCNA. Furthermore, a synergistic effect on proliferation was observed in conditions of co-incubation with ATP and NGF. While ATP and NGF independently promoted neural migration, no inter-relation between these factors was detected for this cellular process. As conclusion, an unknown synergism of ATP and NGF in proliferation is described. Future efforts may elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the interrelationship of ATP and NGF during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia L B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, CEP 05513-970, Brazil
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25
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Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is an endogenous pathway involved in many biological processes. Although primarily related to blood pressure control and inflammation, its activation goes beyond these effects. Neurogenesis and neuroprotection might be stimulated by bradykinin being of great interest for clinical applications following brain injury. This peptide is also an important player in spinal cord injury pathophysiology and recovery, in which bradykinin receptor blockers represent substantial therapeutic potential. Here, we highlight the participation of kinin receptors and especially bradykinin in mediating ischemia pathophysiology in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Moreover, we explore the recent advances on mechanistic and therapeutic targets for biological, pathological, and neural repair processes involving kinins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D Negraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Berríos VO, Boukli NM, Rodriguez JW, Negraes PD, Schwindt TT, Trujillo CA, Oliveira SLB, Cubano LA, Ferchmin PA, Eterović VA, Ulrich H, Martins AH. Paraoxon and Pyridostigmine Interfere with Neural Stem Cell Differentiation. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2091-101. [PMID: 25758980 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition has been described as the main mechanism of organophosphate (OP)-evoked toxicity. OPs represent a human health threat, because chronic exposure to low doses can damage the developing brain, and acute exposure can produce long-lasting damage to adult brains, despite post-exposure medical countermeasures. Although the main mechanism of OP toxicity is AChE inhibition, several lines of evidence suggest that OPs also act by other mechanisms. We hypothesized that rat neural progenitor cells extracted on embryonic day 14.5 would be affected by constant inhibition of AChE from chronic exposure to OP or pyridostigmine (a reversible AChE blocker) during differentiation. In this work, the OP paraoxon decreased cell viability in concentrations >50 μM, as measured with the MTT assay; however, this effect was not dose-dependent. Reduced viability could not be attributed to blockade of AChE activity, since treatment with 200 µM pyridostigmine did not affect cell viability, even after 6 days. Although changes in protein expression patterns were noted in both treatments, the distribution of differentiated phenotypes, such as the percentages of neurons and glial cells, was not altered, as determined by flow cytometry. Since paraoxon and pyridostigmine each decreased neurite outgrowth (but did not prevent differentiation), we infer that developmental patterns may have been affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica O Berríos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - Nawal M Boukli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Universidad Central del Caribe, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - Jose W Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Telma T Schwindt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Sophia L B Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Luis A Cubano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - P A Ferchmin
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - Vesna A Eterović
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio H Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Ave. Laurel #100, Santa Juanita, P.O. Box 60327, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032, USA.
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27
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Nery AA, Magdesian MH, Trujillo CA, Sathler LB, Juliano MA, Juliano L, Ulrich H, Ferreira ST. Rescue of amyloid-Beta-induced inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by a peptide homologous to the nicotine binding domain of the alpha 7 subtype. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67194. [PMID: 23894286 PMCID: PMC3718777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by brain accumulation of the neurotoxic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and by loss of cholinergic neurons and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Recent evidence indicates that memory loss and cognitive decline in AD correlate better with the amount of soluble Aβ than with the extent of amyloid plaque deposits in affected brains. Inhibition of nAChRs by soluble Aβ40 is suggested to contribute to early cholinergic dysfunction in AD. Using phage display screening, we have previously identified a heptapeptide, termed IQ, homologous to most nAChR subtypes, binding with nanomolar affinity to soluble Aβ40 and blocking Aβ-induced inhibition of carbamylcholine-induced currents in PC12 cells expressing α7 nAChRs. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis and whole-cell current recording, we have now defined the amino acids in IQ essential for reversal of Aβ40 inhibition of carbamylcholine-induced responses in PC12 cells, mediated by α7 subtypes and other endogenously expressed nAChRs. We further investigated the effects of soluble Aβ, IQ and analogues of IQ on α3β4 nAChRs recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells. Results show that nanomolar concentrations of soluble Aβ40 potently inhibit the function of α3β4 nAChRs, and that subsequent addition of IQ or its analogues does not reverse this effect. However, co-application of IQ makes the inhibition of α3β4 nAChRs by Aβ40 reversible. These findings indicate that Aβ40 inhibits different subtypes of nAChRs by interacting with specific receptor domains homologous to the IQ peptide, suggesting that IQ may be a lead for novel drugs to block the inhibition of cholinergic function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Nery
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Margaret H. Magdesian
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cleber A. Trujillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana B. Sathler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (HU); (STF)
| | - Sergio T. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (HU); (STF)
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Trujillo CA, Negraes PD, Schwindt TT, Lameu C, Carromeu C, Muotri AR, Pesquero JB, Cerqueira DM, Pillat MM, de Souza HDN, Turaça LT, Abreu JG, Ulrich H. Kinin-B2 receptor activity determines the differentiation fate of neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44046-61. [PMID: 23132855 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin is not only important for inflammation and blood pressure regulation, but also involved in neuromodulation and neuroprotection. Here we describe novel functions for bradykinin and the kinin-B2 receptor (B2BkR) in differentiation of neural stem cells. In the presence of the B2BkR antagonist HOE-140 during rat neurosphere differentiation, neuron-specific β3-tubulin and enolase expression was reduced together with an increase in glial protein expression, indicating that bradykinin-induced receptor activity contributes to neurogenesis. In agreement, HOE-140 affected in the same way expression levels of neural markers during neural differentiation of murine P19 and human iPS cells. Kinin-B1 receptor agonists and antagonists did not affect expression levels of neural markers, suggesting that bradykinin-mediated effects are exclusively mediated via B2BkR. Neurogenesis was augmented by bradykinin in the middle and late stages of the differentiation process. Chronic treatment with HOE-140 diminished eNOS and nNOS as well as M1-M4 muscarinic receptor expression and also affected purinergic receptor expression and activity. Neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and neural migration were altered during differentiation of neurospheres isolated from B2BkR knock-out mice. Whole mount in situ hybridization revealed the presence of B2BkR mRNA throughout the nervous system in mouse embryos, and less β3-tubulin and more glial proteins were expressed in developing and adult B2BkR knock-out mice brains. As a underlying transcriptional mechanism for neural fate determination, HOE-140 induced up-regulation of Notch1 and Stat3 gene expression. Because pharmacological treatments did not affect cell viability and proliferation, we conclude that bradykinin-induced signaling provides a switch for neural fate determination and specification of neurotransmitter receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05508-000
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29
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Freitas BCG, Trujillo CA, Carromeu C, Yusupova M, Herai RH, Muotri AR. Stem cells and modeling of autism spectrum disorders. Exp Neurol 2012; 260:33-43. [PMID: 23036599 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human neurons, generated from reprogrammed somatic cells isolated from live patients, bring a new perspective on the understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The new technology can nicely complement other models for basic research and the development of therapeutic compounds aiming to revert or ameliorate the condition. Here, we discuss recent advances on the use of stem cells and other models to study ASDs, as well as their limitations, implications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C G Freitas
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - Cassiano Carromeu
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - Roberto H Herai
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093, MC 0695, USA.
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30
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Lameu C, Trujillo CA, Schwindt TT, Negraes PD, Pillat MM, Morais KLP, Lebrun I, Ulrich H. Interactions between the NO-citrulline cycle and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in differentiation of neural stem cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29690-701. [PMID: 22730318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.338095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diffusible messenger NO plays multiple roles in neuroprotection, neurodegeneration, and brain plasticity. Argininosuccinate synthase (AS) is a ubiquitous enzyme in mammals and the key enzyme of the NO-citrulline cycle, because it provides the substrate L-arginine for subsequent NO synthesis by inducible, endothelial, and neuronal NO synthase (NOS). Here, we provide evidence for the participation of AS and of the NO-citrulline cycle in the progress of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. AS expression and activity and neuronal NOS expression, as well as l-arginine and NO(x) production, increased along neural differentiation, whereas endothelial NOS expression was augmented in conditions of chronic NOS inhibition during differentiation, indicating that this NOS isoform is amenable to modulation by extracellular cues. AS and NOS inhibition caused a delay in the progress of neural differentiation, as suggested by the decreased percentage of terminally differentiated cells. On the other hand, BDNF reversed the delay of neural differentiation of NSC caused by inhibition of NO(x) production. A likely cause is the lack of NO, which up-regulated p75 neurotrophin receptor expression, a receptor required for BDNF-induced differentiation of NSC. We conclude that the NO-citrulline cycle acts together with BDNF for maintaining the progress of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Negraes PD, Schwindt TT, Trujillo CA, Ulrich H. Neural differentiation of P19 carcinoma cells and primary neurospheres: cell morphology, proliferation, viability, and functionality. Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol 2012; Chapter 2:Unit 2D.9. [PMID: 22415841 DOI: 10.1002/9780470151808.sc02d09s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This unit describes the culture and induction of in vitro models of neural differentiation and strategies to evaluate the participation of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in modulation of this process. Protocols focus on large-scale expansion of pluripotent P19 murine embryonic carcinoma cells and their induction to neural differentiation in the presence of retinoic acid, closely resembling conditions of early neuroectodermal differentiation. Procedures are also described for obtaining rat neural precursor cells (NPCs) or neurospheres and for differentiating them in the absence of growth factors. Experimental strategies are reported using P19 cells and NPCs as in vitro models for studying the actions of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on morphology, proliferation, viability, neural phenotype determination, and progress of differentiation, as well as the functionality of ion channels and metabotropic receptors in inducing calcium fluxes at different developmental stages. The methods described here may be useful for optimizing in vitro protocols for stem cell differentiation into defined neural populations, as well as for studying mechanisms that underlie neurogenesis and gliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla D Negraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Schwindt TT, Trujillo CA, Negraes PD, Lameu C, Ulrich H. Directed differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons is accompanied by altered expression of P2X purinergic receptors. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 44:141-6. [PMID: 20617399 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural differentiation has been extensively studied in vitro in a model termed neurospheres, which consists of aggregates of neural progenitor cells. Previous studies suggest that they have a great potential for the treatment of neurological disorders. One of the major challenges for scientists is to control cell fate and develop ideal culture conditions for neurosphere expansion in vitro, without altering their features. Similar to human neural progenitors, rat neurospheres cultured in the absence of epidermal and fibroblast growth factors for a short period increased the levels of β-3 tubulin and decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and nestin, compared to neurospheres cultured in the presence of these factors. In this work, we show that rat neurospheres cultured in suspension under mitogen-free condition presented significant higher expression of P2X2 and P2X6 receptor subunits, when compared to cells cultured in the presence of growth factors, suggesting a direct relationship between P2X2/6 receptor expression and induction of neuronal differentiation in mitogen-free cultured rat neurospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma T Schwindt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, Brazil
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Nery AA, Resende RR, Martins AH, Trujillo CA, Eterovic VA, Ulrich H. Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression and activity during neuronal differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 41:329-39. [PMID: 20461497 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) exert pivotal roles in synaptic transmission, neuroprotection and differentiation. Particularly, homomeric alpha7 receptors participate in neurite outgrowth, presynaptic control of neurotransmitter release and Ca2+ influx. However, the study of recombinant alpha7 nAChRs in transfected cell lines is difficult due to low expression of functional receptor channels. We show that PC12 pheochromocytoma cells induced to differentiation into neurons are an adequate model for studying differential nAChR gene expression and receptor activity. Whole-cell current recording indicated that receptor responses increased during the course of differentiation. Transcription of mRNAs coding for alpha3, alpha5, alpha7, beta2 and beta4 subunits was present during the course of differentiation, while mRNAs coding for alpha2, alpha4 and beta3 subunits were not expressed in PC12 cells. alpha7 subunit expression was highest following 1 day of induction to differentiation. Activity of alpha7 nAChRs, however, was most elevated on day 2 as revealed by inhibition experiments in the presence of 10 nM methyllycaconitine, rapid current decay and receptor responsiveness to the alpha7 agonist choline. Increased alpha7 receptor activity was noted when PC12 were induced to differentiation in the presence of choline, confirming that chronic agonist treatment augments nAChR activity. In summary, PC12 cells are an adequate model to study the role and pharmacological properties of this receptor during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Nery
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Russo LC, Goñi CN, Castro LM, Asega AF, Camargo ACM, Trujillo CA, Ulrich H, Glucksman MJ, Scavone C, Ferro ES. Interaction with calmodulin is important for the secretion of thimet oligopeptidase following stimulation. FEBS J 2009; 276:4358-71. [PMID: 19614740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15; EP24.15) was originally described as a neuropeptide-metabolizing enzyme, highly expressed in the brain, kidneys and neuroendocrine tissue. EP24.15 lacks a typical signal peptide sequence for entry into the secretory pathway and is secreted by cells via an unconventional and unknown mechanism. In this study, we identified a novel calcium-dependent interaction between EP24.15 and calmodulin, which is important for the stimulated, but not constitutive, secretion of EP24.15. We demonstrated that, in vitro, EP24.15 and calmodulin physically interact only in the presence of Ca2+, with an estimated Kd value of 0.52 mum. Confocal microscopy confirmed that EP24.15 colocalizes with calmodulin in the cytosol of resting HEK293 cells. This colocalization markedly increases when cells are treated with either the calcium ionophore A23187 or the protein kinase A activator forskolin. Overexpression of calmodulin in HEK293 cells is sufficient to greatly increase the A23187-stimulated secretion of EP24.15, which can be inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium. The specific inhibition of protein kinase A with KT5720 reduces the A23187-stimulated secretion of EP24.15 and inhibits the synergistic effects of forskolin with A23187. Treatment with calmidazolium and KT5720 nearly abolishes the stimulatory effects of A23187 on EP24.15 secretion. Together, these data suggest that the interaction between EP24.15 and calmodulin is regulated within cells and is important for the stimulated secretion of EP24.15 from HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian C Russo
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Nery AA, Trujillo CA, Lameu C, Konno K, Oliveira V, Camargo ACM, Ulrich H, Hayashi MAF. A novel physiological property of snake bradykinin-potentiating peptides-reversion of MK-801 inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Peptides 2008; 29:1708-15. [PMID: 18598727 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The first naturally occurring angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors described are pyroglutamyl proline-rich oligopeptides, found in the venom of the viper Bothrops jararaca, and named as bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs). Biochemical and pharmacological properties of these peptides were essential for the development of Captopril, the first active site-directed inhibitor of ACE, currently used for the treatment of human hypertension. However, a number of data have suggested that the pharmacological activity of BPPs could not only be explained by their inhibitory action on enzymatic activity of somatic ACE. In fact, we showed recently that the strong and long-lasting anti-hypertensive effect of BPP-10c [<ENWPHPQIPP] is independent of somatic ACE inhibition. On the other hand, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in blood vessels have been related to blood pressure regulation. Therefore, we have studied the effects of BPP-10c on acetylcholine receptor function in the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line, which following induction to neuronal differentiation expresses most of the nicotinic receptor subtypes. BPP-10c did not induce receptor-mediated ion flux, nor potentiated carbamoylcholine-provoked receptor activity as determined by whole-cell recording. This peptide, however, alleviated MK-801-induced inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity. Although more data are needed for understanding the mechanism of the BPP-10c effect on nicotinic receptor activity and its relationship with the anti-hypertensive activity, this work reveals possible therapeutic applications for BPP-10c in establishing normal acetylcholine receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Nery
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Martins AH, Alves JM, Trujillo CA, Schwindt TT, Barnabé GF, Motta FLT, Guimaraes AO, Casarini DE, Mello LE, Pesquero JB, Ulrich H. Kinin-B2 receptor expression and activity during differentiation of embryonic rat neurospheres. Cytometry A 2008; 73:361-8. [PMID: 18302192 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells were isolated from rat fetal telencephalon and proliferate as neurospheres in the presence of EGF, FGF-2, and heparin. In the absence of these growth factors, neurospheres differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Using an embryonal carcinoma cell line as in vitro differentiation model, we have already demonstrated the presence of an autocrine loop system between kinin-B2 receptor activity and secretion of its ligand bradykinin (BK) as prerequisites for final neuronal differentiation (Martins et al., J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 19576-19586). The aim of this study was to verify the activity of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) during neural progenitor cell differentiation. Immunofluorescence studies and flow cytometry analysis revealed increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein and beta-3 tubulin expression and decrease in the number of nestin-positive cells along neurospheres differentiation, indicating the transition of neural progenitor cells to astrocytes and neurons. Kinin-B2 receptor expression and activity, secretion of BK into the medium, and presence of high-molecular weight kininogen suggest the participation of the KKS in neurosphere differentiation. Functional kinin-B2 receptors and BK secretion indicate an autocrine loop during neurosphere differentiation to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, reflecting events occurring during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The mechanism of eupalmerin acetate (EUAC) actions on the embryonic muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in BC3H-1 cells was studied by using whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp current measurements. With whole-cell currents, EUAC did not act as an agonist on this receptor. Coapplication of 30 microM EUAC with 50 microM, 100 microM, or 500 microM carbamoylcholine (CCh) reversibly inhibited the current amplitude, whereas, with 20 microM CCh, current was increased above control values in the presence of EUAC. EUAC concentration curves (0.01-40 microM) obtained with 100 microM and 500 microM CCh displayed slope coefficients, n(H), significantly smaller than one, suggesting that EUAC bound to several sites with widely differing affinities on the receptor molecule. The apparent rate of receptor desensitization in the presence of EUAC and CCh was either slower than or equal to that obtained with CCh alone. The major finding from single-channel studies was that EUAC did not affect single-channel conductance or the ability of CCh to interact with the receptor. Instead, EUAC acted by increasing the channel closing rate constant. The results are not consistent with the competitive model for EUAC inhibition, with the sequential open-channel block model, or with inhibition by increased desensitization. The data are best accounted for by a model in which EUAC acts by closed-channel block at low concentrations, by positive modulation at intermediate concentrations, and by negative allosteric modulation of the open channel at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Trujillo CA, Nery AA, Alves JM, Martins AH, Ulrich H. Development of the anti-VEGF aptamer to a therapeutic agent for clinical ophthalmology. Clin Ophthalmol 2007; 1:393-402. [PMID: 19668516 PMCID: PMC2704523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of loss of sight in the world and is characterized by neovascularization of the macula. The factors producing choroidal vascularization involve various growth factors, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)). In this context, the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) became a tool for developing new therapeutic agents for AMD treatment. The SELEX is a combinatorial oligonucleotide library-based in vitro selection approach in which DNA or RNA molecules (aptamers) are identified by their ability to bind their targets with high affinity and specificity. Recently, the use of the SELEX technique was extended to isolate oligonucleotide ligands for a wide range of proteins of clinical importance. For instance, Pegaptanib sodium, a 28-nucleotide polyethylene glycol RNA aptamer that selectively binds to VEGF(165) and inhibits angiogenesis, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of wet AMD, thereby providing significant benefits to a great number of patients with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur A Nery
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína M Alves
- Departamento de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio H Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;,Correspondence: Henning Ulrich, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Tel +55 11 3091 3810 ext 223, Fax +55 11 3815 5579, Email
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Majumder P, Trujillo CA, Lopes CG, Resende RR, Gomes KN, Yuahasi KK, Britto LRG, Ulrich H. New insights into purinergic receptor signaling in neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection, and brain disorders. Purinergic Signal 2007; 3:317-31. [PMID: 18404445 PMCID: PMC2072925 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-007-9074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y purinergic receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and participate in the synaptic process particularly associated with acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. As a result of activation, the P2 receptors promote the elevation of free intracellular calcium concentration as the main signaling pathway. Purinergic signaling is present in early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in processes of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The use of new techniques such as knockout animals, in vitro models of neuronal differentiation, antisense oligonucleotides to induce downregulation of purinergic receptor gene expression, and the development of selective inhibitors for purinergic receptor subtypes contribute to the comprehension of the role of purinergic signaling during neurogenesis. In this review, we shall discuss the participation of purinergic receptors in developmental processes and in brain physiology, including neuron-glia interactions and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Majumder
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Trujillo CA, Majumder P, Gonzalez FA, Moaddel R, Ulrich H. Immobilized P2X2 purinergic receptor stationary phase for chromatographic determination of pharmacological properties and drug screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:701-10. [PMID: 17481842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic receptor signaling system plays an important role in communication between cells in the nervous system and opens new opportunities for screening of potential drugs. Our objective was to explore the pharmacological properties and establish a new methodology for ligand screening for the P2X2 receptor, which has been developed by the combinatorial library approach Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX). To this end, membranes of 1321N1 cells stably transfected with rat P2X2 receptors were resuspended in 2% cholate detergent and subsequently coupled onto an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM). The IAM-cholate-P2X2 mixture was then dialyzed, centrifuged and packed into a FPLC column. Equilibrium binding to the receptor and competition between ATP and the purinergic antagonists suramin and 2'3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) were analyzed by a chromatographic assay using 32P alpha ATP as a radioligand. Our data indicate that suramin does not compete with ATP for the ligand binding site and TNP-ATP is a competitive antagonist, confirming previous studies [C.A. Trujillo, A.A. Nery, A.H. Martins, P. Majumder, F.A. Gonzalez, H. Ulrich, Biochemistry 45 (2006) 224-233]. In addition, we demonstrate that this assay can be used in in vitro selection procedures for RNA aptamers binding to P2X2 receptors. The results demonstrate that the receptor can be immobilized in a stable format and reused over an extended period of time, facilitating the exploration of ligand-receptor interactions and screening of combinatorial pools for possible ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Ulrich H, Trujillo CA, Nery AA, Alves JM, Majumder P, Resende RR, Martins AH. DNA and RNA aptamers: from tools for basic research towards therapeutic applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2006; 9:619-32. [PMID: 17017882 DOI: 10.2174/138620706778249695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is a combinatorial oligonucleotide library-based in vitro selection approach in which DNA or RNA molecules are selected by their ability to bind their targets with high affinity and specificity, comparable to those of antibodies. Nucleic acids with high affinity for their targets have been selected against a wide variety of compounds, from small molecules, such as ATP, to membrane proteins and even whole organisms. Recently, the use of the SELEX technique was extended to isolate oligonucleotide ligands, also known as aptamers, for a wide range of proteins of importance for therapy and diagnostics, such as growth factors and cell surface antigens. The number of aptamers generated as inhibitors of various target proteins has increased following automatization of the SELEX process. Their diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced by introducing chemical modifications into the oligonucleotides to provide resistance against enzymatic degradation in body fluids. Several aptamers are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical trials, and aptamers are in the process of becoming a new class of therapeutic agents. Recently, the anti-VEGF aptamer pegaptanib received FDA approval for treatment of human ocular vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Trujillo CA, Nery AA, Martins AHB, Majumder P, Gonzalez FA, Ulrich H. Inhibition mechanism of the recombinant rat P2X(2) receptor in glial cells by suramin and TNP-ATP. Biochemistry 2006; 45:224-33. [PMID: 16388598 DOI: 10.1021/bi051517w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors play an important role in communication between cells in the nervous system. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of inhibition of these receptors is important for the development of new tools for drug discovery. Our objective has been to determine the pharmacological activity of the antagonist suramin, the most important antagonist of purinergic receptor function, as well as to demonstrate its noncompetitive inhibition and confirm a competitive mechanism between ATP and TNP-ATP in 1321N1 glial cells stably transfected with the recombinant rat P2X(2) receptor. A radioligand binding assay was employed to determine whether suramin, TNP-ATP, and ATP compete for the same binding site on the receptor. TNP-ATP displaced [alpha-32P]ATP, whereas suramin did not interfere with [alpha-32P]ATP-receptor binding. To determine the inhibition mechanism relevant for channel opening, currents obtained in fast kinetic whole-cell recording experiments, following stimulation of cells by ATP in the presence of suramin, were compared to those obtained by ATP in the presence of TNP-ATP. Supported by a mathematical model for receptor kinetics [Breitinger, H. G., Geetha, N., and Hess, G. P. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 8419-8429], the inhibition factors were plotted as functions of inhibitor or agonist concentrations. Analysis of the data indicated a competitive inhibition mechanism for TNP-ATP and a noncompetitive inhibition for suramin. Taken together, both data support a noncompetitive inhibition mechanism of the rat recombinant P2X(2) receptor by suramin, confirm the competitive inhibition by TNP-ATP, and allow the prediction of a model for P2X(2) receptor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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Abstract
We present the discovery of three new scattered Kuiper Belt objects (SKBOs) from a wide-field survey of the ecliptic. This continuing survey has to date covered 20.2 deg2 to a limiting red magnitude of 23.6. We combine the data from this new survey with an existing survey conducted at the University of Hawaii 2.2 m telescope to constrain the number and mass of the SKBOs. The SKBOs are characterized by large eccentricities, perihelia near 35 AU, and semimajor axes greater than 50 AU. Using a maximum likelihood model, we estimate the total number of SKBOs larger than 100 km in diameter to be N=&parl0;3.1+1.9-1.3&parr0;x104 (1 sigma errors) and the total mass of SKBOs to be M approximately 0.05 M plus sign in circle, demonstrating that the SKBOs are similar in number and mass to the Kuiper Belt inside 50 AU.
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Russo J, Trujillo CA, Wingerson D, Decker K, Ries R, Wetzler H, Roy-Byrne P. The MOS 36-Item Short Form Health Survey: reliability, validity, and preliminary findings in schizophrenic outpatients. Med Care 1998; 36:752-6. [PMID: 9596066 DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199805000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors test the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) as a written, self-administered survey in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-six schizophrenic outpatients completed a written and oral form of the SF-36. A psychiatrist rated the patients using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to determine severity of psychopathology. Cognitive functioning and academic achievement were also assessed. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent and discriminative validity of the oral and written versions were determined. RESULTS The SF-36 in both forms was shown to have good internal consistency, stability, and concurrent validity. The mental health SF-36 subscales had poor discriminant validity, compared with the physical functioning scale that demonstrated good discriminant validity. CONCLUSIONS The validity of using the written form of the SF-36 on a sample of patients with chronic mental illness was demonstrated. The SF-36 appears to be an appropriate outcome measure for changes in physical and role functioning in consumers of outpatient mental health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Russo
- University of Washington at Harborview Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle 98104, USA
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