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Hunter A, Beck S, Cappelli E, Margot F, Straub M, Alexanian Y, Gatti G, Watson MD, Kim TK, Cacho C, Plumb NC, Shi M, Radović M, Sokolov DA, Mackenzie AP, Zingl M, Mravlje J, Georges A, Baumberger F, Tamai A. Fate of Quasiparticles at High Temperature in the Correlated Metal Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:236502. [PMID: 38134803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the temperature evolution of quasiparticles in the correlated metal Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Our angle resolved photoemission data show that quasiparticles persist up to temperatures above 200 K, far beyond the Fermi liquid regime. Extracting the quasiparticle self-energy, we demonstrate that the quasiparticle residue Z increases with increasing temperature. Quasiparticles eventually disappear on approaching the bad metal state of Sr_{2}RuO_{4} not by losing weight but via excessive broadening from super-Planckian scattering. We further show that the Fermi surface of Sr_{2}RuO_{4}-defined as the loci where the spectral function peaks-deflates with increasing temperature. These findings are in semiquantitative agreement with dynamical mean field theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hunter
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Beck
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - E Cappelli
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - F Margot
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Straub
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Y Alexanian
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - G Gatti
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M D Watson
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C Cacho
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - N C Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Radović
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D A Sokolov
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - A P Mackenzie
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - M Zingl
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - J Mravlje
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Institute Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana
| | - A Georges
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - F Baumberger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Tamai
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Gumprich A, Liedtke J, Beck S, Chirca I, Potočnik T, Alexander-Webber JA, Hofmann S, Tappertzhofen S. Buried graphene heterostructures for electrostatic doping of low-dimensional materials. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:265203. [PMID: 36758234 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbaa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of steep slope transistor devices based on low-dimensional materials requires precise electrostatic doping profiles with steep spatial gradients in order to maintain maximum control over the channel. In this proof-of-concept study we present a versatile graphene heterostructure platform with three buried individually addressable gate electrodes. The platform is based on a vertical stack of embedded titanium and graphene separated by an intermediate oxide to provide an almost planar surface. We demonstrate the functionality and advantages of the platform by exploring transfer and output characteristics at different temperatures of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with different electrostatic doping configurations. Furthermore, we back up the concept with finite element simulations to investigate the surface potential. The presented heterostructure is an ideal platform for analysis of electrostatic doping of low-dimensional materials for novel low-power transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gumprich
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Liedtke
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I Chirca
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - T Potočnik
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - J A Alexander-Webber
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Tappertzhofen
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Beck S, Dittrich F, Busch A, Jäger M, Theysohn JM, Lazik-Palm A, Haubold J. Unloader bracing in osteoarthritis of the knee - Is there a direct effect on the damaged cartilage? Knee 2023; 40:16-23. [PMID: 36403395 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unloading knee braces represent a conservative treatment option for non-pharmalogical management of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. Though there is consensus on the clinical effectiveness of unloading, the effect mechanism of bracing remains part of a debate. Our study was designed to assess the effect of unloader bracing on damaged cartilage via MRI cartilage mappings. METHODS Fourteen patients (7 female, 7 male, mean age 43.1 ± 9.4 years) with unicompartmental cartilage wear in knees with varus or valgus malalignment were enrolled. Clinical scores, radiographs and MR-graphic properties (T2/T2* mapping, T1 Delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of the cartilage (dGEMRIC) mapping, high-resolution PDw sequences) of knee cartilage were recorded before and three months after brace use. RESULTS Bracing the knees for a mean of 14.4 ± 2.0 weeks (range 11 to 18 weeks) resulted in significant pain reduction (VAS changed from 5.9 ± 2.0 to 2.0 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) and improvement in knee function (KOOS increased from 42.1 ± 22.7 to 64.8 ± 18.7, p < 0.001). In the affected cartilage regions T2 relaxation times significantly decreased from 56.1 ± 11.4 ms to 46.5 ± 11.2 ms (p < 0.05). No changes in T1-dGEMRIC and T2* relaxation times, thickness or the extent of the damaged cartilage area could be detected. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest, that unloader bracing improves the biochemical properties of the damaged cartilage by increasing collagen and proteoglycan concentration as well as decreasing the cartilage edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beck
- Sportsclinic Hellersen, Paulmannshoeher Strasse 17, 58515 Luedenscheid, Germany; Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - F Dittrich
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Gelenkzentrum Bergisch Land, Freiheitsstrasse 203, 42853 Remscheid, Germany
| | - A Busch
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marien Hospital Muelheim, Contilia Gruppe, Kaiserstrasse 50, 45468 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - M Jäger
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Marien Hospital Muelheim, Contilia Gruppe, Kaiserstrasse 50, 45468 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Chair of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J M Theysohn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - A Lazik-Palm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - J Haubold
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Bergomi V, Beck S, Dobromylskyj M, Davison LJ, Wills JW, Hughes K. Insulin expression in β cells is reduced within islets before islet loss in diabetic cats. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:809-815. [PMID: 35986507 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus is a common condition that requires intensive treatment and markedly impacts the welfare of affected cats. The aim of this study was to identify diabetes mellitus-associated perturbations in the feline pancreatic islet microenvironment. The utility of "clear, unobstructed brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis" (CUBIC) for three-dimensional pancreatic analysis was investigated. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cats with diabetes mellitus, or control cats without pancreatic pathology, were retrospectively identified. Immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin and ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, and immunofluorescence for insulin and synaptophysin, were used to assess changes in islets. An image analysis pipeline was developed to analyse images acquired from two-dimensional immunofluorescence. CUBIC was used to optically clear selected pancreas samples before immunofluorescence and deep three-dimensional confocal microscopy. RESULTS Diabetic cats have a significant reduction in synaptophysin-positive islet area. Whilst islets from diabetic patients have similar numbers of β cells to islets from control cats, significantly lower intensity of insulin expression can be observed in the former. CUBIC facilitates clear visualisation of pancreatic islets in three dimensions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The data presented support the theory that there is a decrease in function of β cells before their destruction, suggesting a potentially significant step in the pathogenesis of feline diabetes mellitus. In parallel, we demonstrate CUBIC as a valuable new tool to visualise the shape of feline pancreatic islets and to interrogate pathology occurring in the islets of diabetic pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bergomi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.,Mercer & Hughes Veterinary Surgeons, Saffron Walden, CB11 3JB, UK
| | - S Beck
- VPG Histology, Horner Court, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK.,Independent Anatomic Pathology Ltd, Bath, UK
| | | | - L J Davison
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J W Wills
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - K Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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Beck S, Shin D, Kim SJ, Hedde PN, Zhao W. Digital Protein Detection in Bulk Solutions. ACS Omega 2022; 7:37714-37723. [PMID: 36312374 PMCID: PMC9608401 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quick and accurate molecular diagnostics in protein detection can greatly benefit medicine in disease diagnosis and lead to positive patient outcomes. However, specialized equipment used in clinical laboratories often comes with trade-offs between operation and function serving a single role for very specific needs. For example, to achieve high analytical sensitivity and specificity, instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography and/or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry use a complex instrument design and require thorough training of the users. On the other hand, simple tests such as protein detection in urinary tract infection using dip-stick assays provide very quick results but suffer from poor analytical sensitivity. Here, we present an application study for the 3D particle counter technology, which is based on optical confocal detection in order to scan large sample volumes (0.5-3 mL) in glass cuvettes, that aims to close the gap between analytical sensitivity and turnover assay time and simplify protein detection by adopting bead-based immunoassays. Combining the 3D particle counter technology with bead-based immunoassays, a subpicomolar limit of detection-ranging from 119 to 346 fM-was achieved within 3.5-hour assay time for recombinant mouse interleukin 6 detection. As an alternative instrument to a flow cytometer, the 3D particle counter takes advantages of bead-based immunoassays and provides unique accessibility and flexibility for users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Beck
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Donghae Shin
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sun Jin Kim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Laboratory
for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Institute
for Immunology, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue and Bill
Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Chao
Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Edwards
Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Beck S, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Abram TJ, Kim SJ, Bigdeli N, Tifrea DF, Hernandez-Davies J, Huw Davies D, Hedde PN, Felgner PL, Zhao W. A Protein Microarray-Based Respiratory Viral Antigen Testing Platform for COVID-19 Surveillance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092238. [PMID: 36140339 PMCID: PMC9496200 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput and rapid screening testing is highly desirable to effectively combat the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic co-presents with influenza and seasonal common cold epidemics. Here, we present a general workflow for iterative development and validation of an antibody-based microarray assay for the detection of a respiratory viral panel: (a) antibody screening to quickly identify optimal reagents and assay conditions, (b) immunofluorescence assay design including signal amplification for low viral titers, (c) assay characterization with recombinant proteins, inactivated viral samples and clinical samples, and (d) multiplexing to detect a panel of common respiratory viruses. Using RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative pharyngeal swab samples, we demonstrated that the antibody microarray assay exhibited a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 77.2% and 100%, respectively, which are comparable to existing FDA-authorized antigen tests. Moreover, the microarray assay is correlated with RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and is particularly effective in identifying high viral titers. The multiplexed assay can selectively detect SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, which can be used to discriminate these viral infections that share similar symptoms. Such protein microarray technology is amenable for scale-up and automation and can be broadly applied as a both diagnostic and research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Beck
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Sun Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nader Bigdeli
- Student Health Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Delia F. Tifrea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jenny Hernandez-Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - D. Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: (P.N.H.); (P.L.F.); (W.Z.)
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: (P.N.H.); (P.L.F.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: (P.N.H.); (P.L.F.); (W.Z.)
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Castignani C, Gimeno-Valiente F, Larose Cadieux E, Chen K, Mensah N, Chervova O, Watkins T, Dhami P, Vaikkinen H, Saghafinia S, Karasaki T, Hiley C, Feber A, TRACERx C, Demeulemeester J, Tanic M, Beck S, van Loo P, Swanton C, Kanu N. 28P Identification of convergent gene repression mechanisms through integrative genomic and DNA methylation analysis in NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Malyutina S, Chervova O, Tillmann T, Maksimov V, Gafarov V, Ryabikov A, Hubacek J, Pikhart H, Beck S, Bobak M. The relationship between epigenetic age and myocardial infarction in a population based case-control study. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Rempel E, Kluck K, Beck S, Ourailidis I, Kazdal D, Neumann O, Volckmar AL, Kirchner M, Goldschmid H, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Hübschmann D, Fröhling S, Sutter C, Schaaf CP, Schirmacher P, Endris V, Stenzinger A, Budczies J. Pan-cancer analysis of genomic scar patterns caused by homologous repair deficiency (HRD). NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:36. [PMID: 35681079 PMCID: PMC9184602 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous repair deficiency (HRD) is present in many cancer types at variable prevalence and can indicate response to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. We developed a tumor classification system based on the loss of function of genes in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. To this end, somatic and germline alterations in BRCA1/2 and 140 other HRR genes were included and assessed for the impact on gene function. Additionally, information on the allelic hit type and on BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation was included. The HRDsum score including LOH, LST, and TAI was calculated for 8847 tumors of the TCGA cohort starting from genotyping data and for the subcohort of ovarian cancer also starting from WES data. Pan-cancer, deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations were detected in 4% of the tumors, while 18% of the tumors were HRD-positive (HRDsum ≥ 42). Across 33 cancer types, both BRCA1/2 alterations and HRD-positivity were most prevalent in ovarian cancer (20% and 69%). Pan-cancer, tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations in BRCA1/2 were separated strongly from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.89), while separation for tumors with monoallelic deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations was weak (AUC = 0.53). Tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations in other HHR genes were separated moderately from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.63), while separation for tumors with such monoallelic alterations was weaker (AUC = 0.57). In ovarian cancer, HRDsum scores calculated from WES data correlated strongly with HRDsum scores calculated from genotyping data (R = 0.87) and were slightly (4%) higher. We comprehensively analyzed HRD scores and their association with mutations in HRR genes in common cancer types. Our study identifies important parameters influencing HRD measurement and argues for an integration of HRDsum score with specific mutational profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rempel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Ourailidis
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A L Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Goldschmid
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - W Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hübschmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Fröhling
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C P Schaaf
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Endris
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Sen A, Prager BC, Zhong C, Park D, Zhu Z, Gimple RC, Wu Q, Bernatchez JA, Beck S, Clark AE, Siqueira-Neto JL, Rich JN, McVicker G. Leveraging Allele-Specific Expression for Therapeutic Response Gene Discovery in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2021; 82:377-390. [PMID: 34903607 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis and universal tumor recurrence. Effective glioblastoma treatments are lacking, in part due to somatic mutations and epigenetic reprogramming that alter gene expression and confer drug resistance. To investigate recurrently dysregulated genes in glioblastoma we interrogated allele-specific expression (ASE), the difference in expression between two alleles of a gene, in glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) derived from 43 patients. A total of 118 genes were found with recurrent ASE preferentially in GSCs compared to normal tissues. These genes were enriched for apoptotic regulators, including schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11). Loss of SLFN11 gene expression was associated with aberrant promoter methylation and conferred resistance to chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. Conversely, low SLFN11 expression rendered GSCs susceptible to the oncolytic flavivirus Zika. This discovery effort based upon ASE revealed novel points of vulnerability in GSCs, suggesting a potential alternative treatment strategy for chemotherapy resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Sen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies
| | - Briana C Prager
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic
| | | | | | - Zhe Zhu
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Qiulian Wu
- Medicine, University of California - San Diego School of Medicine
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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11
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Malyutina S, Chervova O, Tillmann T, Maximov V, Ryabikov A, Gafarov V, Pikhart H, Beck S, Bobak M. The relationship between epigenetic age and myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome and in a population based nested case-control study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The measure of “epigenetic age” (EA) derived from DNA methylation (DNAm) is considered as biomarker of ageing.
Objective
We investigated the relationship between EA and Myocardial Infarction (MI) /Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a nested case-control study of the elderly population.
Methods
A random population sample was examined at baseline (2003/05, n=9360, age 45–69, the Russian arm of the HAPIEE Project), re-examined in 2006/08, 2015/17, and followed up for an average 15 years for fatal and non-fatal events. Using a nested case-control study design, we selected participants with incident MI/ACS (cases) and age-and sex-stratified controls among those free from baseline CVD. We performed DNAm profiling of the whole blood samples (using Illumina EPIC arrays) collected at baseline. After quality control, 135 cases and 185 controls were included in the analysis. Baseline EA was calculated using Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge and Skin and Blood DNAm clocks; the differences between EA and chronological age (CA) were denoted as DAHr, DAHn, DAPh, DASB, respectively.
Results
DNAm ages calculated with Horvath's, Hannum's and Skin and Blood clocks were close to the CA; the corresponding median absolute differences (MAD) were 3.38, 3.64 and 2.79 years, and mean (SD) −0.85 (5.37), 1.96 (5.18) and 2.10 (3.94) for DAHr, DAHn and DASB respectively. As expected, PhenoAge's predictions were less precise with MAD=9.41 and DAPh mean (SD) 8.94 (6.38). The mean DAHr and DAHn were significantly higher in MI/ACS compared to controls (0.99 (5.38) vs. −1.55 (5.27), p=0.007, and 2.89 (6.37) vs. 1.28 (4.95), p=0.006 correspondingly), DASB was borderline higher in MI/ACS vs controls and DAPh was similar in cases and controls. After controlling for sex, the risk of MI/ACS was higher in DAHr terciles 2 and 3 vs. tercile 1 (OR=1.08 [95% CI 0.61–1.89], p=0.799 and OR=2.09 [1.19–3.66], p=0.010); the association was independent of smoking but it was largely explained (or mediated) by metabolic factors (blood pressure, body mass index, total and LDL-cholesterol). Similarly, the risk of MI/ACS was increased in terciles 2 and 3 of DAHn; compared with lowest tercile, the OR were 1.52 [0.86–2.71], p=0.152 and 2.41 [1.34–4.34], p=0.003), respectively; again, the association was largely explained by metabolic factors. There was no association found between baseline DAPh or DASB and the risk of MI/ACS.
Conclusion
In this case-control study nested in a prospective population-based cohort, we found an association between acceleration of epigenetic age and increased risk of MI/ACS independent of sex and smoking. The risk of MI/ACS was about 2-fold higher in the top tercile of difference between epigenetic and chronological age. The excess risk is appeared to be modulated by metabolic factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Russian Science Foundation; Russian Academy of Sciences, Sate Assignment
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - O Chervova
- University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Tillmann
- University College London, Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Maximov
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - A Ryabikov
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - V Gafarov
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine - Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - H Pikhart
- University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Beck
- University College London, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Bobak
- University College London, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Chen K, Kang G, Zhang Z, Lizaso A, Beck S, Lyskjær I, Chervova O, Li B, Shen H, Wang C, Li B, Zhao H, Chuai S, Yang F, Kanu N, Wang J. 1159P Individualized methylation-based dynamic analysis of cell-free DNA in postoperative monitoring of resected lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Schnitzer K, AhnAllen C, Beck S, Oliveira Y, Fromson J, Evins A. Multidisciplinary barriers to addressing tobacco cessation during an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106988. [PMID: 34051645 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use and resultant health complications disproportionately impact individuals with psychiatric disorders. Inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations provide an opportunity to initiate tobacco treatment. In this study, electronic medical record review identified demographic and clinical information, smoking status, and tobacco cessation treatment offered for adults hospitalized on two acute, non-smoking psychiatric units in Massachusetts from January 2016 to March 2018. We additionally conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 inpatient nursing, psychiatry, psychology and social work providers regarding their tobacco cessation treatment practices and perceived facilitators and barriers to addressing tobacco use on psychiatric inpatient units. Chart review identified 1099 of 3140 (35%) people admitted reporting daily tobacco smoking. On discharge, 5 (0.005%) of inpatient smokers received a prescription for varenicline, 43 (0.04%) for dual-nicotine replacement therapy, 211 (19.2%) for nicotine patch, and 5 (0.005%) for bupropion. Barriers to inpatient smoking cessation treatment initiation identified in qualitative interviews included: 1) smoking cessation as low priority, 2) smoking cessation as the responsibility of outpatient providers, 3) lack of education about tobacco treatment, and 4) treatment discussions framed as preventing withdrawal. Given the potential to impact a large percentage of psychiatric tobacco users, future interventions should investigate provision of tobacco cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy in inpatient settings, with interventions that take into account the barriers and opportunities presented in this study.
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14
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Kim GH, Lee G, Kang MH, Kim M, Jin Y, Beck S, Cheon J, Sung J, Joo J. Luminescent silicon nanoparticles for distinctive tracking of cellular targeting and trafficking. Faraday Discuss 2021; 222:304-317. [PMID: 32100767 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Developing therapeutic nanoparticles that actively target disease cells or tissues by exploiting the binding specificity of receptors presented on the cell surface has extensively opened up biomedical applications for drug delivery and imaging. An ideal nanoparticle for biomedical applications is required to report confirmation of relevant targeting and the ultimate fate in a physiological environment for further verification, e.g. to adapt dosage or predict response. Herein, we demonstrate tracking of silicon nanoparticles through intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) during the course of cellular targeting and uptake. Time-resolved analysis of PL characteristics in cellular microenvironments provides dynamic information on the physiological conditions where the silicon nanoparticles are exposed. In particular, the PL lifetime of the silicon nanoparticles is in the order of microseconds, which is significantly longer than the nanosecond lifetimes exhibited by fluorescent molecules naturally presented in cells, thus allowing discrimination of the nanoparticles from the cellular background autofluorescence in time-gated imaging. The PL lifetime is a physically intensive property that reports the inherent characteristics of the nanoparticles regardless of surrounding noise. Furthermore, we investigate a unique means to inform the lifespan of the biodegradable silicon nanoparticles responsive to local microenvironment in the course of endocytosis. A multivalent strategy of nanoparticles for enhanced cell targeting is also demonstrated with complementary analysis of time-resolved PL emission imaging and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. The result presents the promising potential of the photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles toward advanced cell targeting systems that simultaneously enable tracking of cellular trafficking and tissue microenvironment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Heon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Cook A, Faustini S, Williams L, Cunningham A, Drayson M, Shields A, Kay D, Taylor L, Plant T, Huissoon A, Wallis G, Beck S, Jossi S, Perez-Toledo M, Newby M, Allen J, Crispin M, Harding S, Richter A. Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients. J Immunol Methods 2021; 494:113046. [PMID: 33775672 PMCID: PMC7997147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequently SARS-CoV-2 results in mild or moderate disease with potentially lower concentrations of antibodies compared to those that are hospitalised. Here, we validated an ELISA using SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein, with targeted detection of IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM) using serum and dried blood spots (DBS) from adults with mild or moderate disease. METHODS Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, a combined anti-IgG, IgA and IgM serology ELISA assay was developed using 62 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 624 COVID-19 negative samples. The assay was validated using 73 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 359 COVID-19 negative serum samples with an additional 81 DBSs. The assay was further validated in 226 PCR-confirmed non-hospitalised, mild or moderate COVID-19 samples, ≥14 days post symptom onset and 426 COVID-19 negative clinical samples. RESULTS A sensitivity and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI, 92.6-100.0), 98.3% (95% CI, 96.4-99.4), respectively, was observed following validation of the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. No cross-reactivities with endemic coronaviruses or other human viruses were observed, and no change in results were recorded for interfering substances. The assay was stable at temperature extremes and components were stable for 15 days once opened. A matrix comparison showed DBS to correlate with serum results. Clinical validation of the assay reported a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI, 90.9-97.2%) and a specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.6-99.3%). CONCLUSIONS The human anti-IgGAM SARS-CoV-2 ELISA provides accurate and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in non-hospitalised adults with mild or moderate disease. The use of dried blood spots makes the assay accessible to the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Cook
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S.E. Faustini
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - L.J. Williams
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK,Corresponding author at: The Binding Site Group, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.T. Drayson
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A.M. Shields
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - D. Kay
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - L. Taylor
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV10 0QP, UK
| | - T. Plant
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A. Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - G. Wallis
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - S. Beck
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - S.E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M. Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - M.L. Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - J.D. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - M. Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S. Harding
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, 8 Calthorpe Road, Birmingham B15 1QT, UK
| | - A.G. Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
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16
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Mellott DM, Tseng CT, Drelich A, Fajtová P, Chenna BC, Kostomiris DH, Hsu J, Zhu J, Taylor ZW, Kocurek KI, Tat V, Katzfuss A, Li L, Giardini MA, Skinner D, Hirata K, Yoon MC, Beck S, Carlin AF, Clark AE, Beretta L, Maneval D, Hook V, Frueh F, Hurst BL, Wang H, Raushel FM, O’Donoghue AJ, de Siqueira-Neto JL, Meek TD, McKerrow JH. A Clinical-Stage Cysteine Protease Inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human and Monkey Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:642-650. [PMID: 33787221 PMCID: PMC8029441 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Host-cell cysteine proteases play an essential role in the processing of the viral spike protein of SARS coronaviruses. K777, an irreversible, covalent inactivator of cysteine proteases that has recently completed phase 1 clinical trials, reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral infectivity in several host cells: Vero E6 (EC50< 74 nM), HeLa/ACE2 (4 nM), Caco-2 (EC90 = 4.3 μM), and A549/ACE2 (<80 nM). Infectivity of Calu-3 cells depended on the cell line assayed. If Calu-3/2B4 was used, EC50 was 7 nM, but in the ATCC Calu-3 cell line without ACE2 enrichment, EC50 was >10 μM. There was no toxicity to any of the host cell lines at 10-100 μM K777 concentration. Kinetic analysis confirmed that K777 was a potent inhibitor of human cathepsin L, whereas no inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 cysteine proteases (papain-like and 3CL-like protease) was observed. Treatment of Vero E6 cells with a propargyl derivative of K777 as an activity-based probe identified human cathepsin B and cathepsin L as the intracellular targets of this molecule in both infected and uninfected Vero E6 cells. However, cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was only carried out by cathepsin L. This cleavage was blocked by K777 and occurred in the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a different site from that previously observed for the SARS-CoV-1 spike protein. These data support the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of K777 is mediated through inhibition of the activity of host cathepsin L and subsequent loss of cathepsin L-mediated viral spike protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake M. Mellott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University
Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77755-1001, United States
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University
Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77755-1001, United States
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague,
Czech Republic
| | - Bala C. Chenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Demetrios H. Kostomiris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Jason Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University
Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77755-1001, United States
| | - Jiyun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Zane W. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Klaudia I. Kocurek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Vivian Tat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University
Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77755-1001, United States
| | - Ardala Katzfuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Miriam A. Giardini
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Danielle Skinner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Ken Hirata
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Michael C. Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Laura Beretta
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Daniel Maneval
- Selva Therapeutics and Institute for Antiviral
Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State
University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United
States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Felix Frueh
- Selva Therapeutics and Institute for Antiviral
Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State
University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United
States
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Selva Therapeutics and Institute for Antiviral
Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State
University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United
States
| | - Hong Wang
- Selva Therapeutics and Institute for Antiviral
Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State
University, 5600 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United
States
| | - Frank M. Raushel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Jair Lage de Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
| | - Thomas D. Meek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093, United States
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17
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Graage R, Beck S, Koch M, Dolezal M, Schwarz L, Hennig-Pauka I. [Comparison between oral fluid samples and pooled serum samples for the detection of antibodies against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in weaning pig herds]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 162:531-538. [PMID: 32855120 DOI: 10.17236/sat00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monitoring of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in pig farms is performed usually by testing for antibodies against PRRSV in serum samples. A new method is the detection of PRRSV antibodies in porcine saliva. In this study serum samples and saliva were collected in nine farms suspicious for PRRSV and tested for the presence of PRRSV antibodies. In total 220 serum and 41 saliva samples were taken from pigs at the age of 8 weeks (± 1 week). One saliva and one pooled serum sample (1:5) were tested from each pen. In total 11 (Cut-off 0.4/0.3) or 14 (Cut-off 0.2) serum samples and 23 saliva out of 41 pens were positive for PRRSV antibodies. Cohen`s Kappa testing showed a moderate agreement (κ = 0.446). Saliva samples compared to pooled serum samples were very sensitive, the specificity was 60 and 67, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Graage
- Departement für Nutztiere, Abteilung Schweinemedizin, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - S Beck
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Veterinärwesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - M Koch
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Veterinärwesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - M Dolezal
- Plattform Bioinformatik und Biostatistik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - L Schwarz
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Veterinärwesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine, Department für Nutztiere und öffentliches Veterinärwesen in der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
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18
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Mellott DM, Tseng CT, Drelich A, Fajtová P, Chenna BC, Kostomiris DH, Hsu J, Zhu J, Taylor ZW, Tat V, Katzfuss A, Li L, Giardini MA, Skinner D, Hirata K, Beck S, Carlin AF, Clark AE, Beretta L, Maneval D, Frueh F, Hurst BL, Wang H, Kocurek KI, Raushel FM, O’Donoghue AJ, de Siqueira-Neto JL, Meek TD, McKerrow JH. A cysteine protease inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection of human and monkey cells. bioRxiv 2020:2020.10.23.347534. [PMID: 33140046 PMCID: PMC7605553 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.23.347534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
K777 is a di-peptide analog that contains an electrophilic vinyl-sulfone moiety and is a potent, covalent inactivator of cathepsins. Vero E6, HeLa/ACE2, Caco-2, A549/ACE2, and Calu-3, cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and then treated with K777. K777 reduced viral infectivity with EC50 values of inhibition of viral infection of: 74 nM for Vero E6, <80 nM for A549/ACE2, and 4 nM for HeLa/ACE2 cells. In contrast, Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells had EC50 values in the low micromolar range. No toxicity of K777 was observed for any of the host cells at 10-100 μM inhibitor. K777 did not inhibit activity of the papain-like cysteine protease and 3CL cysteine protease, encoded by SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations of ≤ 100 μM. These results suggested that K777 exerts its potent anti-viral activity by inactivation of mammalian cysteine proteases which are essential to viral infectivity. Using a propargyl derivative of K777 as an activity-based probe, K777 selectively targeted cathepsin B and cathepsin L in Vero E6 cells. However only cathepsin L cleaved the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and K777 blocked this proteolysis. The site of spike protein cleavage by cathepsin L was in the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 , differing from the cleavage site observed in the SARS CoV-1 spike protein. These data support the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of K777 is mediated through inhibition of the activity of host cathepsin L and subsequent loss of viral spike protein processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake M. Mellott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77755-1001
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77755-1001
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bala C. Chenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Demetrios H. Kostomiris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Jason Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77755-1001
| | - Jiyun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Zane W. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
- Current address: Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99353
| | - Vivian Tat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas, 77755-1001
| | - Ardala Katzfuss
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Miriam A. Giardini
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Danielle Skinner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ken Hirata
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aaron F. Carlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex E. Clark
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura Beretta
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel Maneval
- Selva Therapeutics, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322
| | - Felix Frueh
- Selva Therapeutics, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322
| | - Brett L. Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, 5600 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322
| | - Klaudia I. Kocurek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Frank M. Raushel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Thomas D. Meek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 301 Old Main Drive, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Gimeno-Valiente F, Chen K, Cadieux E, Watkins T, Chervova O, Dhami P, Vaikkinen H, Feber A, Demeulemeester J, Tanic M, Beck S, Van Loo P, Kanu N, Swanton C. 1228P Integrated analysis of gene expression and chromosomal aberrations to determine the global patterns of DNA methylation heterogeneity in the TRACERx lung study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Beck S, Zins L, Holthusen C, Rademacher C, Von Breunig F, Knipper S, Tennstedt P, Haese A, Graefen M, Zöllner C, Fischer M. Comparison of cognitive function after robot-assisted prostatectomy and open retropubic radical prostatectomy: A prospective observational single-center study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)34025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Beck S, Hoop D, Ragab H, Rademacher C, Meßner-Schmitt A, Von Breunig F, Knipper S, Haese A, Graefen M, Zöllner C, Fischer M. Post-anesthesia care unit delirium following robot-assisted versus open retropubic radical prostatectomy – a prospective observational study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)34026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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22
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Zhu Z, Mesci P, Bernatchez JA, Gimple RC, Wang X, Schafer ST, Wettersten HI, Beck S, Clark AE, Wu Q, Prager BC, Kim LJY, Dhanwani R, Sharma S, Garancher A, Weis SM, Mack SC, Negraes PD, Trujillo CA, Penalva LO, Feng J, Lan Z, Zhang R, Wessel AW, Dhawan S, Diamond MS, Chen CC, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Gage FH, Hu H, Siqueira-Neto JL, Muotri AR, Cheresh DA, Rich JN. Zika Virus Targets Glioblastoma Stem Cells through a SOX2-Integrin α vβ 5 Axis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:187-204.e10. [PMID: 31956038 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes microcephaly by killing neural precursor cells (NPCs) and other brain cells. ZIKV also displays therapeutic oncolytic activity against glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs). Here we demonstrate that ZIKV preferentially infected and killed GSCs and stem-like cells in medulloblastoma and ependymoma in a SOX2-dependent manner. Targeting SOX2 severely attenuated ZIKV infection, in contrast to AXL. As mechanisms of SOX2-mediated ZIKV infection, we identified inverse expression of antiviral interferon response genes (ISGs) and positive correlation with integrin αv (ITGAV). ZIKV infection was disrupted by genetic targeting of ITGAV or its binding partner ITGB5 and by an antibody specific for integrin αvβ5. ZIKV selectively eliminated GSCs from species-matched human mature cerebral organoids and GBM surgical specimens, which was reversed by integrin αvβ5 inhibition. Collectively, our studies identify integrin αvβ5 as a functional cancer stem cell marker essential for GBM maintenance and ZIKV infection, providing potential brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pinar Mesci
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simon T Schafer
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiromi I Wettersten
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Case Western Reserve University Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rekha Dhanwani
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priscilla D Negraes
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Children's Cancer Research Institute - UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhou Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology, and Immunology and The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA.
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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23
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Reinke N, Arndt S, Bakalov I, Band S, Beck S, Nowack H, Iliev D, Spengler C, Klein-Hessling W, Sonnenkalb M. Validation and Application of the AC2 Code COCOSYS. KERNTECHNIK 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/124.190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe GRS program package AC2 with its codes ATHLET/ATHLET-CD and COCOSYS aims for the reliable computational simulation of significant phenomena occurring during normal operation, design basis accidents, and severe accidents in the cooling circuit and containment of a nuclear power plant. To keep the modelling at the state-of-the-art, continuous development and validation is required. This is accomplished through participation in several national and international experimental research programs, where AC2 or one of its codes are assessed against both separate effect tests and integral tests. This paper exemplifies the status of validation and application of COCOSYS by means of calculations of iodine chemistry and molten corium/concrete interaction after reactor pressure vessel rupture. Further, calculations using the external 3D module CoPool coupled to COCOSYS on thermal stratification in large water pools are discussed. The examples given demonstrate the progress of the COCOSYS development and the capability to simulate phenomena in the containment during incidents and accidents with good results. Future applications comprise the entire spectrum of incidents and accidents for Generation III/III+ systems with just one program package.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Reinke
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - S. Arndt
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - I. Bakalov
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - S. Band
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - S. Beck
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - H. Nowack
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - D. Iliev
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - C. Spengler
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - W. Klein-Hessling
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
| | - M. Sonnenkalb
- 1Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, 60677 Köln
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24
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Dittrich F, Busch A, Harren K, Jäger M, Landgraeber S, Reinecke F, Beck S. [Apps in clinical use in orthopedics and trauma surgery : The status quo in Germany]. Unfallchirurg 2019; 122:690-696. [PMID: 31127352 DOI: 10.1007/s00113-019-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the course of digitalization the smartphone is penetrating more and more areas of life giving the user mobile and almost ubiquitous access to the internet and other web applications. The advantages of mHealth are an integral part in some areas of patient care but in contrast to other disciplines, routine integration of mobile devices into orthopedics and trauma surgery is still in its infancy. A survey among German orthopedists and trauma surgeons revealed which kind of apps have become established in everyday clinical practice to date. Apps published by representative institutions such as the AO Foundation demonstrated the highest usage rates. In summary, the number of regularly used apps is low; however, the causes of this lack of acceptance have not yet been conclusively clarified. The authors of this study proclaim a significant increase in the use of mHealth and mobile devices in daily clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dittrich
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Gebäude 37, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland.
| | - A Busch
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - K Harren
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - M Jäger
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - S Landgraeber
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Gebäude 37, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland
| | - F Reinecke
- Klinik für Unfall‑, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - S Beck
- Klinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Gebäude 37, Kirrberger Straße, 66421, Homburg, Deutschland
- Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Essen, Deutschland
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Rijsbergen M, Niemeyer‐van der Kolk T, Hogendoorn G, Kouwenhoven S, Lemoine C, Klaassen E, de Koning M, Beck S, Bouwes Bavinck J, Feiss G, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R. Digoxin with furosemide is efficacious in cutaneous warts. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Rijsbergen M, Niemeyer‐van der Kolk T, Hogendoorn G, Kouwenhoven S, Lemoine C, Klaassen E, Koning M, Beck S, Bouwes Bavinck J, Feiss G, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R. 地高辛联合呋塞米对于皮肤疣有效. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Bernatchez JA, Coste M, Beck S, Wells GA, Luna LA, Clark AE, Zhu Z, Hecht D, Rich JN, Sohl CD, Purse BW, Siqueira-Neto JL. Activity of Selected Nucleoside Analogue ProTides against Zika Virus in Human Neural Stem Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040365. [PMID: 31010044 PMCID: PMC6521205 DOI: 10.3390/v11040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus that causes neurodevelopmental impairment to fetuses and has been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome continues to threaten global health due to the absence of targeted prophylaxis or treatment. Nucleoside analogues are good examples of efficient anti-viral inhibitors, and prodrug strategies using phosphate masking groups (ProTides) have been employed to improve the bioavailability of ribonucleoside analogues. Here, we synthesized and tested a small library of 13 ProTides against ZIKV in human neural stem cells. Strong activity was observed for 2′-C-methyluridine and 2′-C-ethynyluridine ProTides with an aryloxyl phosphoramidate masking group. Substitution of a 2-(methylthio) ethyl phosphoramidate for the aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide group of 2′-C-methyluridine completely abolished antiviral activity of the compound. The aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide of 2′-C-methyluridine outperformed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug sofosbuvir in suppression of viral titers and protection from cytopathic effect, while the former compound’s triphosphate active metabolite was better incorporated by purified ZIKV NS5 polymerase over time. These findings suggest both a nucleobase and ProTide group bias for the anti-ZIKV activity of nucleoside analogue ProTides in a disease-relevant cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michael Coste
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Grace A Wells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Lucas A Luna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Alex E Clark
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - David Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern College, Chula Vista, CA 91910, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Christal D Sohl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Byron W Purse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
- The Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Beck S, Zhu Z, Oliveira MF, Smith DM, Rich JN, Bernatchez JA, Siqueira-Neto JL. Mechanism of Action of Methotrexate Against Zika Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E338. [PMID: 30974762 PMCID: PMC6521145 DOI: 10.3390/v11040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), which is associated with microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome, reemerged as a serious public health threat in Latin America in recent years. Previous high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have revealed several potential hit molecules against ZIKV, including methotrexate (MTX), which is clinically used as an anti-cancer chemotherapy and anti-rheumatoid agent. We studied the mechanism of action of MTX against ZIKV in relation to its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in vitro using Vero and human neural stem cells (hNSCs). As expected, an antiviral effect for MTX against ZIKV was observed, showing up to 10-fold decrease in virus titer during MTX treatment. We also observed that addition of leucovorin (a downstream metabolite of DHFR pathway) rescued the ZIKV replication impaired by MTX treatment in ZIKV-infected cells, explaining the antiviral effect of MTX through inhibition of DHFR. We also found that addition of adenosine to ZIKV-infected cells was able to rescue ZIKV replication inhibited by MTX, suggesting that restriction of de novo synthesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pools suppresses viral replication. These results confirm that the DHFR pathway can be targeted to inhibit replication of ZIKV, similar to other published results showing this effect in related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michelli F Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Davey M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jean A Bernatchez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Rijsbergen M, Niemeyer-van der Kolk T, Hogendoorn G, Kouwenhoven S, Lemoine C, Klaassen ES, de Koning M, Beck S, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Feiss G, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R. A randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial of digoxin and furosemide in adults with cutaneous warts. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1058-1068. [PMID: 30580460 PMCID: PMC6850412 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Topical ionic contraviral therapy (ICVT) with digoxin and furosemide inhibits the potassium influx on which DNA viruses rely for replication. Therefore, ICVT was hypothesized to be a potential novel treatment for cutaneous warts. Objectives To assess the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of ICVT in adults with cutaneous warts. The secondary objective was to gain insight into the underlying working mechanism of ICVT. Methods Treatment with ICVT was assessed for efficacy, safety and tolerability in a single‐ centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase IIA trial. Eighty adult patients with at least two cutaneous warts (plantar or common) were randomized to one of four treatments: digoxin + furosemide (0·125%), digoxin (0·125%), furosemide (0·125%) or placebo. The gel was administered once daily for 42 consecutive days. Predefined statistical analysis was performed with a mixed‐model ancova. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT02333643. Results Wart size and human papillomavirus (HPV) load reduction was achieved in all active treatment groups. A statistically significant reduction in wart diameter of all treated warts was shown in the digoxin + furosemide treatment group vs. placebo (−3·0 mm, 95% confidence interval −4·9 to −1·1, P = 0·002). There was a statistically significant reduction in the HPV load of all treated warts in the digoxin + furosemide group vs. placebo (−94%, 95% confidence interval −100 to −19, P = 0·03). With wart size reduction, histologically and immunohistochemically defined viral characteristics disappeared from partial and total responding warts. Conclusions This study demonstrates the proof of concept for the efficacy of topical ICVT in adults with cutaneous warts. What's already known about this topic? Cutaneous warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Ionic contraviral therapy (ICVT) might be a potential treatment for cutaneous warts. A previous phase I/II open‐label study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of ICVT.
What does this study add? Proof of concept for the efficacy of topical ICVT in adults with cutaneous warts. Topical ICVT demonstrates a favourable safety profile, with the effects most pronounced when it is combined in a formulation for common warts. Wart size reduction was related to HPV load reduction measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in swabs. qPCR is a valuable disease biomarker for drug development in cutaneous warts.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17803 available online https://www.bjdonline.com/article/
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rijsbergen
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - G Hogendoorn
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Kouwenhoven
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C Lemoine
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E S Klaassen
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M de Koning
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - S Beck
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - J N Bouwes Bavinck
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - G Feiss
- Cutanea Life Science, Wayne, PA, U.S.A
| | - J Burggraaf
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R Rissmann
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Beck S, Darsow U, Chocano P, Schmid R, Lehmann S, Klaghofer R, Spies L, Bischoff-Ferrari HA. 75PREDICTION ACCURACY OF CLINICAL ASSESSMENT FOR CONVERSION TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE DEMENTIA IN SUBJECTS WITH SUBJECTIVE AND MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Age Ageing 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy118.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Beck
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich Switzerland
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Darsow
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich Switzerland
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Chocano
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich
| | - R Schmid
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Lehmann
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Klaghofer
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Spies
- Jung Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Centre on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and City Hospital Waid, Zurich Switzerland
- University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, Waid City Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Freitag
- Becker Technologies GmbH, Rahmannstr. 11, Eschborn 65760, Germany
| | - S. Gupta
- Becker Technologies GmbH, Rahmannstr. 11, Eschborn 65760, Germany
| | - S. Beck
- Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Reactor Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, Köln 50667, Germany
| | - M. Sonnenkalb
- Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH, Reactor Safety Research Division, Schwertnergasse 1, Köln 50667, Germany
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Cadieux EL, Wilson G, Tanic M, Demeulemeester J, Barrett J, Birkbak N, Swanton C, Beck S, Loo PV. PO-342 Integrating copy number analysis and tumour DNA methylation profiling. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Beck
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California, San Diego (UCSD); La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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Baretto RL, Beck S, Heslegrave J, Melchior C, Mohamed O, Ekbote A, Huissoon AP, Krishna MT. Validation of international consensus equation for acute serum total tryptase in mast cell activation: A perioperative perspective. Allergy 2017; 72:2031-2034. [PMID: 28609557 DOI: 10.1111/all.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is no standardized method for assessing serum total mast cell tryptase (MCT) in anaphylaxis. The consensus equation (peak MCT should be>1.2× baseline tryptase+2 mg/L) has been proposed to interpret acute MCT in mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). To validate consensus equation in a perioperative setting analyses of cases of suspected perioperative anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia (GA) were performed. Anaphylaxis was defined as per World Allergy Organisation (WAO) criteria. Timed serial MCT measurements were mapped against the consensus equation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves produced. A total of 82 patients (60 females, mean age 56.5 years±SD17.2) underwent investigation. Sixty (73%) patients fulfilled WAO criteria for anaphylaxis, and 22 patients did not. Aetiology included 59% IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, 2% non-IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, 12% anaphylaxis of unknown cause and 27% deemed non-anaphylaxis. IgE-mediated anaphylaxis included the following: NMBA (35%), antibiotics (46%), chlorhexidine (8%), patent blue dye (8%) and others (8%). An acute MCT with a comparable baseline was available in 71 of 82 (87%) patients (60 anaphylaxis and 11 controls). The median interquartile range (IQR) time from reaction to peak MCT was 1.34 (0.82-2.51) hours. Analyses confirmed that a rise in acute MCT greater than that defined by the equation had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative (N) PV of 78%, 91%, 98% and 44%, respectively. The magnitude of increase in acute MCT above the threshold predicted by consensus equation was higher in the anaphylaxis group compared to controls (P=.0001). This equation has a high specificity, PPV with a moderate NPV and sensitivity in perioperative anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Baretto
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
- Department of Immunology; Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Kettering UK
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire; Coventry UK
| | - S. Beck
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - J. Heslegrave
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - C. Melchior
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - O. Mohamed
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - A. Ekbote
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - A. P. Huissoon
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - M. T. Krishna
- Department of Allergy & Immunology; Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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Bell K, Wilding C, Beck S, Pfeiffer N, Grus F. Neurotrophins involved in neuroprotective antibody effect. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; Mainz Germany
| | - C. Wilding
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; Mainz Germany
| | - S. Beck
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; Mainz Germany
| | - N. Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; Mainz Germany
| | - F.H. Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; Mainz Germany
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Teister J, Anders F, Beck S, Funke S, von Pein H, Prokosch V, Pfeiffer N, Grus F. Decelerated neurodegeneration after intravitreal injection of α-synuclein antibodies in a glaucoma animal model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6260. [PMID: 28740252 PMCID: PMC5524683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the major risk factor in glaucoma, neurodegenerative processes continue despite effective IOP lowering. Altered α-synuclein antibody (Abs) levels have been reported to play a crucial role. This study aimed at identifying whether α-synuclein Abs are capable to decelerate neuronal decay while providing insights into proteomic changes. Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats received episcleral vein occlusion: (1) CTRL, no intravitreal injection, n = 6, (2) CTRL IgG, intravitreal injection of unspecific IgG, n = 5, (3) Buffer, intravitreal injection of buffer, n = 6, (4), α-synuclein Ab, intravitreal injection of α-synuclein Ab, n = 5. IOP and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) were monitored and immunohistochemistry, microarray and proteomic analysis were performed. RNFLT was reduced in CTRL, CTRL IgG and Buffer group (all p < 0.01) and α-synuclein Ab group (p = 0.17). Axon and RGC density showed an increased neurodegeneration in CTRL, CTRL IgG and Buffer group (all p < 0.01) and increased neuronal survival in α-synuclein Ab group (p = 0.38 and 0.06, respectively) compared with fellow eyes. Proteomic analysis revealed alterations of cofilin 1 and superoxide dismutase 1 expression. This data indicate that α-synuclein Ab might indirectly modulate the actin cytoskeleton organization and negatively regulate apoptotic processes via cofilin 1 and superoxide dismutase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Teister
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Anders
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - H von Pein
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - V Prokosch
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - N Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Beck S, Trog S, Knizia S, Linscheid MW. Fragmentation behavior of DOTA complexes under different activation conditions. J Mass Spectrom 2017; 52:442-451. [PMID: 28455851 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the fragmentation behavior of a number of DOTA-metal complexes under collision-induced dissociation, infrared-multiphoton dissociation and higher-energy collisional dissociation activation conditions. Both, positive and negative ion mode electrospray ionization was applied. The results show that characteristic fragmentations were obtained for the metal-complexes under the investigated conditions. All elemental compositions of fragment ions have been unambiguously identified by high resolution-accurate mass measurements. Certain trends, for instance eliminations of carbon dioxide, alkyl and amine residues, were observed that coincide with the size of the metal and its location within the periodic table. Additionally, lanthanide, aluminium and indium species with even oxidation state or containing a radical have been detected. To further investigate the observed water capture during activation, deuterium labeling experiments have also been carried out. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Trog
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Knizia
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - M W Linscheid
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Beck S, Gunawardena P, Horton DL, Hicks DJ, Marston DA, Ortiz-Pelaez A, Fooks AR, Núñez A. Pathobiological investigation of naturally infected canine rabies cases from Sri Lanka. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:99. [PMID: 28403882 PMCID: PMC5389160 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recommended screening of rabies in ‘suspect’ animal cases involves testing fresh brain tissue. The preservation of fresh tissue however can be difficult under field conditions and formalin fixation provides a simple alternative that may allow a confirmatory diagnosis. The occurrence and location of histopathological changes and immunohistochemical (IHC) labelling for rabies in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) canine brain is described in samples from 57 rabies suspect cases from Sri-Lanka. The presence of Negri bodies and immunohistochemical detection of rabies virus antigen were evaluated in the cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and brainstem. The effect of autolysis and artefactual degeneration of the tissue was also assessed. Results Rabies was confirmed in 53 of 57 (93%) cases by IHC. IHC labelling was statistically more abundant in the brainstem. Negri bodies were observed in 32 of 53 (60.4%) of the positive cases. Although tissue degradation had no effect on IHC diagnosis, it was associated with an inability to detect Negri bodies. In 13 cases, a confirmatory Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for rabies virus RNA was undertaken by extracting RNA from fresh frozen tissue, and also attempted using FFPE samples. PCR detection using fresh frozen samples was in agreement with the IHC results. The PCR method from FFPE tissues was suitable for control material but unsuccessful in our field cases. Conclusions Histopathological examination of the brain is essential to define the differential diagnoses of behaviour modifying conditions in rabies virus negative cases, but it is unreliable as the sole method for rabies diagnosis, particularly where artefactual change has occurred. Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding does not prevent detection of rabies virus via IHC labelling even where artefactual degeneration has occurred. This could represent a pragmatic secondary assay for rabies diagnosis in the field because formalin fixation can prevent sample degeneration. The brain stem was shown to be the site with most viral immunoreactivity; supporting recommended sampling protocols in favour of improved necropsy safety in the field. PCR testing of formalin fixed tissue may be successful in certain circumstances as an alternative test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beck
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK.
| | - P Gunawardena
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - D L Horton
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - D J Hicks
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - D A Marston
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | | | - A R Fooks
- Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector Borne Diseases Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - A Núñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
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Mooney K, Beck S, Echeverria C, Donaldson G. The impact of an automated, telephone-based coaching module on the adoption of an exercise program for cancer chemotherapy patients experiencing symptoms. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ibrahim W, Abunga Y, Mamo J, Beck S, Brij SO. P113 Indeterminate IGRA results prior to anti-tnf therapy: stable state testing may be important for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Funke S, Perumal N, Schmelter C, Teister J, Markowitsch S, Beck S, Pfeiffer N, Grus F. Retina proteomics provide new insights in glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Siegenbeek van Heukelom ML, Richel O, de Vries HJC, van de Sandt MM, Beck S, van den Munckhof HAM, Pirog EC, de Koning MNC, Prins JM, Quint KD. Low- and high-risk human papillomavirus genotype infections in intra-anal warts in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:735-43. [PMID: 26994411 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital warts are often presumed to represent nondysplastic or low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (LGAIN). We previously demonstrated that up to 20% of intra-anal warts in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) contain regions of high-grade AIN (HGAIN). OBJECTIVES To determine the causative human papillomavirus (HPV) types of low- and high- grade dysplastic areas in warts from HIV-positive MSM. METHODS A total of 42 intra-anal warts from 41 HIV-positive MSM were graded as nondysplastic, LGAIN or HGAIN. Whole-tissue sections (WTS) were analysed with the SPF10 polymerase chain reaction/LiPA25 HPV genotyping system. If the WTS contained multiple HPV types, dysplastic regions were isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) for HPV genotyping. RESULTS Overall, 38 of 42 (91%) WTS tested positive for HPV DNA. Of these, 23 (61%) contained a single HPV type and 15 (39%) contained multiple HPV types. All LCM-selected regions contained no more than one HPV type. Ten of 42 (24%) WTS contained HGAIN disease, of which six (60%) were associated with a high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotype. Twenty-three of 42 WTS contained LGAIN disease, of which two (9%) were associated with hrHPV. AIN lesions containing hrHPV types were identified using p16 staining. CONCLUSIONS LGAIN lesions can be caused by high-risk HPV genotypes and vice versa. We therefore recommend routine follow-up and treatment of all dysplastic intra-anal warts for HIV-positive MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Siegenbeek van Heukelom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - O Richel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H J C de Vries
- Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - S Beck
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, 2288 ER, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - E C Pirog
- Department of Pathology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, U.S.A
| | - M N C de Koning
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, 2288 ER, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - J M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Infection and Immunology Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K D Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, 2288 ER, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, The Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Roosevelt Clinics, 2321 BL, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Nast S, Fassbender M, Bormann N, Beck S, Montali A, Lucke M, Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B. In vivo quantification of gentamicin released from an implant coating. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:45-54. [PMID: 26865659 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216630912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-releasing implants are gaining increasing interest. The present study reports a detailed physicochemical analysis of a polymeric coating based on poly(D,L-lactide) and the incorporated gentamicin combined with an in vitro and in vivo study of the gentamicin release. Differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography showed no effect of the gamma sterilisation on the coating components or an interaction of the polymer and the gentamicin. Microbiological analysis revealed an inhibition of bacterial growth on the implant surface. For the in vivo study, gentamicin-coated wires were implanted into the tibiae of rats and harvested at different time points up to day 42. To monitor the release in vivo, gentamicin was quantified in serum, bone, endosteum, kidney, and on the explanted wires. Gentamicin was detectable over a time period of 42 days in the endosteum, up to seven days in the kidney, up to 4 h in the bone and at the end of the experiment on one of eight wires. The locally released gentamicin caused no histological changes of the kidney. Microbiologically active concentrations of released gentamicin were found in the endosteum up to 4 h after implantation. The combination of different methods supports the individual results, where quantification is complemented by visualisation or antimicrobial activity. This work demonstrates that the coating procedure results in no substantial alteration of the incorporated drug and that the in vitro burst release occurs also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nast
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fassbender
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Bormann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Synthes GmbH, Oberdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - M Lucke
- Chirurgische Klinik Dr. Rinecker, München, Germany
| | - G Schmidmaier
- Zentrum für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Paraplegiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Wildemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kaufmann S, Horger T, Oelker A, Beck S, Schulze M, Nikolaou K, Ketelsen D, Horger M. Volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT)-based evaluation of response to TACE using two different sized drug eluting beads in patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on tumor and liver parenchymal vascularisation. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:2548-54. [PMID: 26428842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Response monitoring of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with the help of volume perfusion computed tomography (VPCT) at day one post-TACE and analysis of TACE-impact on tumor and uninvolved liver parenchymal perfusion by using different particles sizes and epirubicin dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approved this prospective study. VPCT was performed in the baseline, post-interventional (FU1; 24 h post-TACE) and at follow-up (FU2; median, 81 days) in 45 consecutive patients. 100-300 μm (n=17) and 300-500 μm (n=28) drug eluting beads (DEB) using an epirubicin dose of (<=25 vs. >25) were administered. VPCT was performed for 40-s using 80 kV, 100/120 mAs, 64×0.6 mm collimation, 26 consecutive measurements, IV injection (50 ml iodinated contrast), flow rate (5 ml/s). Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and k-trans were registered as average and max values in the tumor. Arterial liver perfusion (ALP), portal-venous perfusion (PVP) and the hepatic perfusion index (HPI) were registered both in tumor and non-involved liver parenchyma. Response to TACE was classified by VPCT as complete (CR), partial (PR) or no response (NR). RESULTS A significant reduction of viable tumor tissue was found in all patients between baseline and FU1 (p<0.001) being independent on particle size and epirubicin dose (p>0.05). PPV/NPV/sensitivity/specificity of post-interventional VPCT (FU1) results for prediction of the mid-term tumor course (FU2) were 100%/70%/76%/100%. There was generally a significant increase of the ALP between baseline and FU1 in the liver parenchyma coupled by a significant subsequent decrease (normalization) of ALP and HPI between FU1 and FU2. CONCLUSION VPCT accurately measures impact of TACE on liver tumor and hepatic parenchymal perfusion. The former proved not to be significantly dependent on particle size and epirubicin dose. There was no persistent perfusion deficit in the liver after TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaufmann
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - T Horger
- Technische Universität München, M2-Lehrstuhl für Numerische Mathematik, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - A Oelker
- Technische Universität München, M6-Lehrstuhl für Mathematische Modellierung, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - S Beck
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - M Schulze
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - K Nikolaou
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - D Ketelsen
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - M Horger
- University of Tübingen, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Hoppe-Seyler-Str.3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Fotinos A, Klier M, Gowert NS, Münzer P, Klatt C, Beck S, Borst O, Billuart P, Schaller M, Lang F, Gawaz M, Elvers M. Loss of oligophrenin1 leads to uncontrolled Rho activation and increased thrombus formation in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:619-30. [PMID: 25556321 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet cytoskeletal reorganization is essential for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in hemostasis and thrombosis. The Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 are the main players in cytoskeletal dynamics of platelets and induce filopodia and lamellipodia formation and actin polymerization to strongly increase the platelet surface upon activation. Moreover, they are important for platelet secretion, integrin activation and arterial thrombus formation. OBJECTIVES Rho GTPases are regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that stimulate their GTPase activity to terminate Rho signaling. The regulation of Rho GTPase activity in platelets is not well defined. Recently, we identified oligophrenin1 (OPHN1), a RhoGAP in platelets that exhibits strong GTPase-stimulating activity towards RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac1. RESULTS In the present study we show for the first time, that deficiency of OPHN1 led to abnormal Rho activation and increased platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, including cell adhesion and lamellipodia formation on fibrinogen. Furthermore, platelets from ophn1(-/-) mice showed enhanced susceptibility to platelet activation with alterations in actin distribution and early release of granules. Platelet activation was enhanced following GPVI and PAR4 stimulation. This translated into elevated platelet thrombus formation and promoted arterial thrombosis under low shear conditions with altered hemostasis, as detected by tail bleeding time. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study identified OPHN1 as an important regulator of platelet cytoskeletal reorganization and demonstrate that abnormal regulation of Rho proteins leads to increased platelet adhesion and thrombus formation under low shear conditions in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a prothrombotic phenotype of mice critical for acute thrombotic occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fotinos
- Medizinische Klinik III, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Diseases, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Kim SH, Kim EJ, Hitomi M, Oh SY, Jin X, Jeon HM, Beck S, Jin X, Kim JK, Park CG, Chang SY, Yin J, Kim T, Jeon YJ, Song J, Lim YC, Lathia JD, Nakano I, Kim H. The LIM-only transcription factor LMO2 determines tumorigenic and angiogenic traits in glioma stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1517-25. [PMID: 25721045 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) maintain their cellular heterogeneity with glioma stem cells (GSCs) producing a variety of tumor cell types. Here we interrogated the oncogenic roles of Lim domain only 2 (LMO2) in GBM and GSCs in mice and human. High expression of LMO2 was found in human patient-derived GSCs compared with the differentiated progeny cells. LMO2 is required for GSC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, as shRNA-mediated LMO2 silencing attenuated tumor growth derived from human GSCs. Further, LMO2 is sufficient to induce stem cell characteristics (stemness) in mouse premalignant astrocytes, as forced LMO2 expression facilitated in vitro and in vivo growth of astrocytes derived from Ink4a/Arf null mice and acquisition of GSC phenotypes. A subset of mouse and human GSCs converted into vascular endothelial-like tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo, which phenotype was attenuated by LMO2 silencing and promoted by LMO2 overexpression. Mechanistically, the action of LMO2 for induction of glioma stemness is mediated by transcriptional regulation of Jagged1 resulting in activation of the Notch pathway, whereas LMO2 directly occupies the promoter regions of the VE-cadherin gene for a gain of endothelial cellular phenotype. Subsequently, selective ablation of human GSC-derived VE-cadherin-expressing cells attenuated vascular formation in mouse intracranial tumors, thereby significantly prolonging mouse survival. Clinically, LMO2 expression was elevated in GBM tissues and inversely correlated with prognosis of GBM patients. Taken together, our findings describe novel dual roles of LMO2 to induce tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, and provide potential therapeutic targets in GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- 1] School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - E-J Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - M Hitomi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - S-Y Oh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - X Jin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - H-M Jeon
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - S Beck
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - X Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - J-K Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - C G Park
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - S-Y Chang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yin
- Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y-J Jeon
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Y C Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Lathia
- 1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA [2] Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA [3] Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - I Nakano
- 1] Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA [2] James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - H Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Abstract The botanical exploration of Bolivia during the last two centuries did not leave a botanical legacy in the country. Only towards the end of the 20th century Bolivia saw the start of the biology careers at its universities and the development of its own herbaria. Nowadays there are important herbaria in La Paz, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and Sucre with collections ranging between 40,000 and 350,000 specimens. In 2014 a catalogue of the vascular flora of Bolivia was published under the auspices of the Missouri Botanical Garden, recording 15,345 species, of which 12,165 are native and 2,343 are endemic, while 694 are cultivated, 267 adventitious and 221 are naturalized. Endemic species of vascular plants add up to 2,343 species. The 286 families listed follow the APG III classification system. There are about 150 botanists in Bolivia interested in studying the country's rich flora. During a workshop organized in 2013 to promote a Flora of Bolivia, the participants established jointly a preliminary format for the taxonomic treatments. The Flora of Bolivia is planned to be an electronic, open access publication with international participation. The World Flora represents a challenge that must be tackled by circumscribing, verifying and recording all species known within our territory, and it is expected that it will have positive repercussions from and towards the ongoing Flora of Bolivia, in a similar way as the long running series of the Flora Neotropica has provided a wider picture that can be adapted and modified to fit our particular country.
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Affiliation(s)
- RI. Meneses
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Bolivia; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Bolivia; Correo Central, Bolivia
| | - S. Beck
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Bolivia; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | - E. García
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Bolivia; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia
| | | | - A. Araujo
- Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Bolivia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients more often suffer perioperative complications than younger people. Especially geriatric patients who require emergency treatment represent a high-risk group. Therefore, perioperative risk assessment supports the treatment team in identifying patients at risk and in defining the treatment plan accordingly. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough medical history and clinical examination are pivotal elements of any risk stratification. The organ-specific risk assessment is primarily used to plan the surgical and anesthesiological procedures. RESULTS For a comprehensive risk assessment in geriatric patients, the organ-specific risk stratification is insufficient. Assessment instruments that reflect the idiosyncrasies of multidimensional disease in geriatric patients can complement risk stratification. These should include the assessment of multimorbidity, frailty, nutrition, activities of daily living, and cognition. In addition to risk prediction, geriatric assessment has the major advantage of providing both a diagnostic and a planning perspective. This allows the implementation of supporting measures for optimal perioperative care, which is the goal of any risk stratification. Risk scores provide a global assessment, but they have their limitations in predicting individual patient risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beck
- Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, Zentrum für Gerontotraumatologie, Stadtspital Waid, Tièchestr. 99, 8037, Zürich, Schweiz,
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Mitchell RJ, Beck S, Cadell J, Combe J, Dawson E, Lawlor D, Marshall K, MacPherson M, Rennick L, Robinson S. A place standard for Scotland. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku162.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Holzinger F, Beck S. [Diagnostics and treatment of cough]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139:2025. [PMID: 25254401 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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