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Boquet V, Sauber C, Beltran R, Ferey V, Rodier F, Hansjacob P, Theunissen C, Evano G. Copper-Catalyzed Coupling between ortho-Haloanilines and Lactams/Amides: Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Telmisartan. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5469-5479. [PMID: 38565075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of (annelated) benzimidazoles is reported. This transformation is based on a simple and straightforward one-pot sequence involving a copper-catalyzed cross coupling between o-haloanilines and lactams/amides followed by a subsequent cyclization under acidic conditions. A variety of (annelated) benzimidazoles could be easily obtained in high yields from readily available starting materials, and this procedure could be further applied to the synthesis of the antihypertensive blockbuster drug telmisartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Boquet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Sauber
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fabien Rodier
- Sanofi, 45 Chemin de Météline, 04200 Sisteron, France
| | - Pierre Hansjacob
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Theunissen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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2
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Sivaraman SA, Sabareesh V. An Update on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibiting Peptides. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:267-285. [PMID: 38173201 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037287976231212104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder. According to the International Diabetes Federation, about 537 million people are living with diabetes. The two types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among which the population affected by T2DM is relatively higher. A major reason for T2DM is that insulin stimulation is hampered due to the inactivation of incretin hormones. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease that is directly involved in the inactivation of incretin hormones, e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Therefore, the inhibition of DPP-IV can be a promising method for managing T2DM, in addition to other enzyme inhibition strategies, such as inhibition of α-amylase and α -glucosidase. Currently, about 12 different gliptin drugs are available in the market that inhibit DPP-IV in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of gliptins, 'peptides' can also be employed as an alternative and promising way to inhibit DPP-IV. Peptide inhibitors of DPP-IV have been identified from various plants and animals. Chemically synthesized peptides have also been experimented for inhibiting DPP-IV. Most peptides have been analysed by biochemical assays, whereas some in vitro assays have also been reported. Molecular docking analysis has been applied to comprehend the mechanism of inhibition. In this review, certain aspects of natural as well as synthetic peptides are described that have been proven to inhibit DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachithanantham Annapoorani Sivaraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
| | - Varatharajan Sabareesh
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
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3
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Li Q, Deng X, Xu YJ, Dong L. Development of Long-Acting Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: Structural Evolution and Long-Acting Determinants. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11593-11631. [PMID: 37647598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to achieve less frequent dosing in the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. Enthusiasm for long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is based on the promise that such agents with less frequent dosing regimens are associated with improved patient adherence, but the rational design of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors remains a major challenge. In this Perspective, the development of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is comprehensively summarized to highlight the evolution of initial lead compounds on the path toward developing long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors over nearly three decades. The determinants for long duration of action are then examined, including the nature of the target, potency, binding kinetics, crystal structures, selectivity, and preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. More importantly, several possible approaches for the rational design of long-acting drugs are discussed. We hope that this information will facilitate the design and development of safer and more effective long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors and other oral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Ni C, Pan S, Yuan C, Qin S. Synthesis of 1,2-Fused Benzimidazoles by Amine-Initiated [3 + 3] Annulations of β'-Acetoxy Allenoates with 1C,3N-Bisnucleophiles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The amine-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulations of β'-acetoxy allenoates with 1C,3N-bisnucleophiles have been established. Under the optimal reaction conditions, this operationally simple synthetic process works well with a wide substrate scope, delivering novel 1,2-fused benzimidazole derivatives in moderate to good yields. In addition, preliminary attempts on the asymmetric version of this reaction have been explored by using cinchona alkaloid-based tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Shiyu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
| | - Shuya Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
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5
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Liu ZJ, Li JF, Zhang FP, Xu XT, Ye M. Catalyst-Controlled Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular endo-Selective C-H Cyclization of Benzimidazoles with Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:353-357. [PMID: 36606754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the widely explored exo-selective C-H cyclization, transition metal-catalyzed endo-selective C-H cyclization of benzimidazoles with alkenes has been a formidable challenge. Previous efforts mainly rely on substrate-controlled methods, rendering the product complexity restricted. Herein we report a catalyst-controlled method to facilitate endo-cyclization, in which a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and tBuOK base-enabled Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst prove critical to the endo selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Feng-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China.,State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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6
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Investigations on a novel biologically active organic molecule of 5-Chloro-1-(4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone by spectroscopic, molecular docking, and quantum chemical approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Shah BM, Modi P, Trivedi P. Recent Medicinal Chemistry Approach for the Development of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3595-3621. [PMID: 33045957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201012153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, a metabolic disease, occurs due to a decreased or no effect of insulin on the blood glucose level. The current oral medications stimulate insulin release, increase glucose absorption and its utilization, and decrease hepatic glucose output. Two major incretin hormones like Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide - 1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin release after a meal, but their action is inhibited by enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase- IV. OBJECTIVE The activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP prolongs and extends with DPP IV inhibitors, which are responsible for the stimulation of insulin secretion and regulation of blood glucose level. DPP IV inhibitors have shown effectiveness and endurability with a neutral effect on weight as well as less chances of hypoglycemia in the management of type 2 diabetes. These journeys started from Sitagliptin (marketed in 2006) to Evogliptin (marketed in 2015, Korea). CONCLUSION Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin. Newer and superior therapies are needed more than currently prescribed drugs. Various heterocyclic derivatives have been tried, but due to masking of DASH proteins, CYP enzymes, and hERG channel, they showed side effects. Based on these, the study has been focused on the development of safe, influential, selective, and long-lasting inhibitors of DPP IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
| | - Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institutes of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382210, India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
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8
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Drug discovery approaches targeting the incretin pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103810. [PMID: 32325333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Incretin pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetes medications. Interventions in DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor have shown remarkable efficacy in experimental and clinical studies and imperatively become one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the T2DM drug discovery pipeline. Herein, we analyzed the actionmechanismsof DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor targeting the incretin pathway in T2DM treatment. We gave an insight into the structural requirements for the potent DPP-4 inhibitors and revealed a classification of DPP-4 inhibitors by stressing on the binding modes of these ligands to the enzyme. We then reviewed the drug discovery strategies for the development of peptide and non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Furthermore, the drug design strategies for DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists were detailed accurately. This review might provide an efficient evidence for the highly potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors and the GLP-1 RAs, as novel medicines for patients suffering from T2DM.
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Pantaleão SQ, Philot EA, de Oliveira Almeida M, Lima AN, de Sairre MI, Scott AL, Honorio KM. Integrated Protocol to Design Potential Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 (DPP-4). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 20:209-226. [PMID: 31878857 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191226101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus is the inhibition of the enzyme known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). AIMS This study aims to investigate the main interactions between DPP-4 and a set of inhibitors, as well as proposing potential candidates to inhibit this enzyme. METHODS We performed molecular docking studies followed by the construction and validation of CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The information provided from these models was used to aid in the search for new candidates to inhibit DPP-4 and the design of new bioactive ligands from structural modifications in the most active molecule of the studied series. RESULTS We were able to propose a set of analogues with biological activity predicted by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, suggesting that our protocol can be used to guide the design of new DPP-4 inhibitors as drug candidates to treat diabetes. CONCLUSION Once the integration of the techniques mentioned in this article was effective, our strategy can be applied to design possible new DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angelica Nakagawa Lima
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Inês de Sairre
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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11
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Mishra A, Cross M, Hofmann A, Coster MJ, Karim A, Sattar A. Identification of a Novel Scaffold for Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4. J Comput Biol 2019; 26:1470-1486. [PMID: 31390221 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is considered a major drug target for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to T2DM, a regulatory role of DPP-4 was also found in cardiovascular diseases. Existing DPP-4 inhibitors have been reported to have several adverse effects. In this study, a computer-aided drug design approach and its use to detect a novel class of inhibitor for DPP-4 are reported. Through structure and pharmacophore-based screening, we identified 13 hit compounds from an ∼4-million-compound library. Physical interactions of these hits with DPP-4 were studied using docking and explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Later, MMPBSA binding energy was calculated for the ligand/protein simulation trajectories to determine the stability of compounds in the binding cavity. These compounds have a novel scaffold and exhibited a stable binding mode. "Best-in-screen" compounds (or their closest available analogs) were resourced and their inhibition of DPP-4 activity was experimentally validated using an in vitro enzyme activity assay in the presence of 100 and 10 μM compounds. These assays identified a compound with a spirochromanone center with 53% inhibition activity at a 100 μM concentration. A further five spirochromanone compounds were synthesized and examined in silico and in vitro; again, one compound showed 53% inhibitory activity action at 100 μM. Overall, this study identified two novel "spirochromanone" compounds that lowered DPP-4 activity by more than ∼50% at 100 μM. This study also showed the impact of fast in silico drug design techniques utilizing virtual screening and MD to identify novel scaffolds to bind and inhibit DPP-4. Spirochromanone motif identified here may be used to design molecules to achieve drug-like inhibitory action against DPP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Mishra
- Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.,Novo Informatics Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Megan Cross
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia.,Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark J Coster
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Abdul Karim
- Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Abdul Sattar
- Institute for Integrated and Intelligent Systems, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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12
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Exploration of DPP-IV inhibitors with a novel scaffold by multistep in silico screening. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:254-263. [PMID: 29274572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), an enzyme that degrades incretins-hormones that promote insulin secretion-is a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, with a number of its inhibitors having been launched as therapies for diabetes. Since adverse effects of these inhibitors have recently been reported, the development of novel DPP-IV inhibitors with higher efficacy and safety is required. We, therefore, screened for novel DPP-IV inhibitors using the combination of an in silico drug discovery technique and a DPP-IV assay system. We initially selected seven candidate compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors from a database consisting of four million compounds by a multistep in silico screening procedure combining pharmacophore-based screening, docking calculation and the analysis of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship. We then measured the inhibitory activity of the selected compounds and identified a hit compound. In addition, we discuss the structure-activity relationship between the binding mode model and inhibitory activity of the hit compound.
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13
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Mandal A, Patel BK. Rationalization of weak interactions in two fluorescence active imidazo-[1,5-a]-pyridine derivatives: A combined experimental and computational study. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Nojima H, Kanou K, Terashi G, Takeda-Shitaka M, Inoue G, Atsuda K, Itoh C, Iguchi C, Matsubara H. Comprehensive analysis of the Co-structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitor. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 27491540 PMCID: PMC4974693 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We comprehensively analyzed X-ray cocrystal structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and its inhibitor to clarify whether DPP-4 alters its general or partial structure according to the inhibitor used and whether DPP-4 has a common rule for inhibitor binding. Results All the main and side chains in the inhibitor binding area were minimally altered, except for a few side chains, despite binding to inhibitors of various shapes. Some residues (Arg125, Glu205, Glu206, Tyr662 and Asn710) in the area had binding modes to fix a specific atom of inhibitor to a particular spatial position in DPP-4. We found two specific water molecules that were common to 92 DPP-4 structures. The two water molecules were close to many inhibitors, and seemed to play two roles: maintaining the orientation of the Glu205 and Glu206 side chains through a network via the water molecules, and arranging the inhibitor appropriately at the S2 subsite. Conclusions Our study based on high-quality resources may provide a necessary minimum consensus to help in the discovery of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that is commercially useful. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kanou
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Present address: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Genki Terashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takeda-Shitaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Gaku Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chie Iguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Pantaleão SQ, Maltarollo VG, Araujo SC, Gertrudes JC, Honorio KM. Molecular docking studies and 2D analyses of DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates in the treatment of diabetes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:3188-93. [PMID: 26399297 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an important biological target related to the treatment of diabetes as DPP-4 inhibitors can lead to an increase in the insulin levels and a prolonged activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), being effective in glycemic control. Thus, this study analyses the main molecular interactions between DPP-4 and a series of bioactive ligands. The methodology used here employed molecular modeling methods, such as HQSAR (Hologram Quantitative Structure-Activity) analyses and molecular docking, with the aim of understanding the main structural features of the compound series that are essential for the biological activity. Analyses of the main interactions in the active site of DPP-4, in particular, the contribution of the hydroxyl coordination between Tyr547 and Ser630 by the water molecule, which is described in the literature as important for the coordinated interactions in the active site, were performed. Significant correlation coefficients of the best 2D model (r(2) = 0.942 and q(2) = 0.836) were obtained, indicating the predictive power of this model for untested compounds. Therefore, the final model constructed in this study, along with the information from the contribution maps, could be useful in the design of novel DPP-4 ligands with improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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16
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Meduru H, Wang YT, Tsai JJP, Chen YC. Finding a Potential Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor for Type-2 Diabetes Treatment Based on Molecular Docking, Pharmacophore Generation, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060920. [PMID: 27304951 PMCID: PMC4926453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is the vital enzyme that is responsible for inactivating intestinal peptides glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which stimulates a decline in blood glucose levels. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibition activity of small molecule inhibitors to DPP-4 following a computational strategy based on docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. The thorough docking protocol we applied allowed us to derive good correlation parameters between the predicted binding affinities (pKi) of the DPP-4 inhibitors and the experimental activity values (pIC50). Based on molecular docking receptor-ligand interactions, pharmacophore generation was carried out in order to identify the binding modes of structurally diverse compounds in the receptor active site. Consideration of the permanence and flexibility of DPP-4 inhibitor complexes by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation specified that the inhibitors maintained the binding mode observed in the docking study. The present study helps generate new information for further structural optimization and can influence the development of new DPP-4 inhibitors discoveries in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Meduru
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jeffrey J P Tsai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ching Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Mishchuk A, Shtil N, Poberezhnyk M, Nazarenko K, Savchenko T, Tolmachev A, Krasavin M. Keeping it small, polar, and non-flat: diversely functionalized building blocks containing the privileged 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]- and [1,5-a]pyridine cores. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Abu Khalaf R, Jarekji Z, Al-Qirim T, Sabbah D, Shattat G. Pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking studies of acridines as potential DPP-IV inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) prevents the inactivation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1). This increases circulating levels of active GLP-1 and GIP and stimulates insulin secretion, which results in lowering of glucose levels and improvement of the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, pharmacophore modeling and docking experiments were carried out and a series of eight novel 2-ethoxy-6,9-disubstituted acridines (13, 15, and 17a–17f) have been designed and synthesized. Then, these compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit DPP-IV. Most of the synthesized compounds were proven to have anti-DPP-IV activity where compound 17b displayed the best activity of 43.8% inhibition at 30 μmol/L concentration. Results of this work might be helpful for further optimization to develop more potent DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Abu Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Z. Jarekji
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - T. Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - D. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G. Shattat
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
DPP-4 specifically degrades the incretin hormone GLP-1 and GIP, both of which are vital modulators of blood glucose homeostasis. Attributed to its potential biological function, DPP-4 inhibition has presently represented an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes and aroused a significant interest in the pharmaceutical industry. Chemical stability, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties have been continuously emphasized during the long journey of R&D centered on DPP-4 inhibitors. The current landscape of the development of DPP-4 inhibitors is outlined in this review, with a focus on rational drug design and structural optimization to pursue chemical stability, selectivity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, the structure-activity relationships, based on reported DPP-4 inhibitors, will be discussed.
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20
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Structural Chemistry and Molecular Modeling in the Design of DPP4 Inhibitors. MULTIFACETED ROLES OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHY IN MODERN DRUG DISCOVERY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9719-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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21
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Jadav P, Bahekar R, Shah SR, Patel D, Joharapurkar A, Jain M, Sairam KVVM, Singh PK. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aminomethyl-piperidones based DPP-IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1918-22. [PMID: 24675378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel aminomethyl-piperidones were designed and evaluated as potential DPP-IV inhibitors. Optimized analogue 12v ((4S,5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-2-one) showed excellent in vitro potency and selectivity for DPP-IV over other serine proteases. The lead compound 12v showed potent and long acting antihyperglycemic effects (in vivo), along with improved pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Jadav
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - Rajesh Bahekar
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India.
| | - Shailesh R Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India.
| | - Dipam Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Amit Joharapurkar
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad 382210, India
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22
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Patel BD, Ghate MD. Recent approaches to medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:574-605. [PMID: 24531198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is one of the widely explored novel targets for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently. Research has been focused on the strategy to preserve the endogenous glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 activity by inhibiting the DPP-4 action. The DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral, well tolerated and give better glycaemic control over a longer duration of time compared to existing conventional therapies. The journey of DPP-4 inhibitors in the market started from the launch of sitagliptin in 2006 to latest drug teneligliptin in 2012. This review is mainly focusing on the recent medicinal aspects and advancements in the designing of DPP-4 inhibitors with the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 as a target to convey more clarity in the diffused data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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23
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Liubchak K, Tolmachev A, Grygorenko OO, Nazarenko K. An approach to alicyclic ring-fused xanthines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Guasch L, Ojeda MJ, González-Abuín N, Sala E, Cereto-Massagué A, Mulero M, Valls C, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G. Identification of novel human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors of natural origin (part I): virtual screening and activity assays. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44971. [PMID: 22984596 PMCID: PMC3440348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been great interest in determining whether natural products show biological activity toward protein targets of pharmacological relevance. One target of particular interest is DPP-IV whose most important substrates are incretins that, among other beneficial effects, stimulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Incretins have very short half-lives because of their rapid degradation by DPP-IV and, therefore, inhibiting this enzyme improves glucose homeostasis. As a result, DPP-IV inhibitors are of considerable interest to the pharmaceutical industry. The main goals of this study were (a) to develop a virtual screening process to identify potential DPP-IV inhibitors of natural origin; (b) to evaluate the reliability of our virtual-screening protocol by experimentally testing the in vitro activity of selected natural-product hits; and (c) to use the most active hit for predicting derivatives with higher binding affinities for the DPP-IV binding site. Methodology/Principal Findings We predicted that 446 out of the 89,165 molecules present in the natural products subset of the ZINC database would inhibit DPP-IV with good ADMET properties. Notably, when these 446 molecules were merged with 2,342 known DPP-IV inhibitors and the resulting set was classified into 50 clusters according to chemical similarity, there were 12 clusters that contained only natural products for which no DPP-IV inhibitory activity has been previously reported. Nine molecules from 7 of these 12 clusters were then selected for in vitro activity testing and 7 out of the 9 molecules were shown to inhibit DPP-IV (where the remaining two molecules could not be solubilized, preventing the evaluation of their DPP-IV inhibitory activity). Then, the hit with the highest activity was used as a lead compound in the prediction of more potent derivatives. Conclusions/Significance We have demonstrated that our virtual-screening protocol was successful in identifying novel lead compounds for developing more potent DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guasch
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria José Ojeda
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noemí González-Abuín
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Sala
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, TECNIO, Campus of International excellence southern catalonia, Avinguda Universitat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, TECNIO, Campus of International excellence southern catalonia, Avinguda Universitat, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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25
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Liubchak K, Nazarenko K, Tolmachev A. Synthesis of annulated benzimidazoles via amidine cyclization. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Mendieta L, Tarrago T, Giralt E. Recent patents of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1693-741. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.627325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Discovery of β-aminoacyl containing thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1366-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Xu F, Corley E, Zacuto M, Conlon DA, Pipik B, Humphrey G, Murry J, Tschaen D. Asymmetric Synthesis of a Potent, Aminopiperidine-Fused Imidazopyridine Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1343-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902573q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Edward Corley
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Michael Zacuto
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David A. Conlon
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Brenda Pipik
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Guy Humphrey
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - Jerry Murry
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
| | - David Tschaen
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, New Jersey 07065
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