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Troisi A, Schrank M, Bellezza I, Fallarino F, Pastore S, Verstegen JP, Pieramati C, Di Michele A, Talesa VN, Martìnez Barbitta M, Orlandi R, Polisca A. Expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles in canine seminal plasma: preliminary results. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:357-366. [PMID: 37707657 PMCID: PMC10811140 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Canine seminal plasma is a complex fluid containing proteins, peptides, enzymes, hormones as well as extracellular vesicles that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes including reproduction. We examined the expression of the extracellular vesicles surface antigens Aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by flow cytometry. For this study, third fraction of the ejaculate, from fertile adult male German Shepherd dogs, was manually collected twice, two days apart. FACS analyses revealed that CD13 and CD26 are co-expressed on the 69.3 ± 3.7% of extracellular vesicles and only a 2.0 ± 0.5% of extracellular vesicles express CD26 alone. On the other hand, 28.6 ± 3.6% of seminal EVs express CD13 alone. Our results agree with the hypothesis that CD26 needs to be co-expressed with other signal-transducing molecules, while CD13, can perform functions independently of the presence or co-expression of CD26. The results obtained in normal fertile dogs could represent physiological expression of these enzymes. Therefore, it would be interesting to carry out further studies to evaluate the expression of CD13 and CD26 on extracellular vesicles as biomarker for prostate pathological condition in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Troisi
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica (Macerata), Italy
| | - Magdalena Schrank
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health Università Degli Studi Di Padova, Agripolis Viale Dell'Università - 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Pastore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - John P Verstegen
- TherioExpert LLc. and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Camillo Pieramati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Di Perugia, P.Le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcelo Martìnez Barbitta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
- Integral Veterinary Reproductive Service URUGUAY (SRVI_UY); Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Republic (UdelaR - UY), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - University of Republic (UdelaR - UY), Uruguay, Uruguay
| | - Riccardo Orlandi
- Tyrus Veterinary Clinic, Via Aldo Bartocci, 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - Angela Polisca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Tang H, Li H, Da S, Ciren D, Peng X, Zhao K. Identification, characterization, and insights into the mechanism of novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides from yak hemoglobin by in silico exploration, molecular docking, and in vitro assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129191. [PMID: 38184042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides were screened and identified from yak hemoglobin for the first time by in silico analysis, molecular docking, and in vitro evaluation. Results showed that yak hemoglobin had a high potential to produce DPP-IV inhibitory peptides based on the sequence alignment and bioactive potential evaluation. Furthermore, "pancreatic elastase + stem bromelain" was the optimal combined-enzymatic strategy by simulated proteolysis. Additionally, 25 novel peptides were found from its simulated hydrolysate, among which 10 peptides had high binding affinities with DPP-IV by molecular docking. Most of these peptides were also in silico characterized with favorable physicochemical properties and biological potentials, including relatively low molecular weight, high hydrophobicity, several net charges, good water solubility, nontoxicity, acceptable sensory quality, and good human intestinal absorption. Finally, six novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were identified via in vitro assessment, among which EEKA (IC50 = 235.26 μM), DEV (IC50 = 339.45 μM), and HCDKL (IC50 = 632.93 μM) showed the strongest capacities. The hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attractions formed with core residues within the S2 pocket of DPP-IV could be mainly responsible for their inhibition performances. This work provided a time-saving method and broadened application for yak by-products development as sources of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
| | - Yulong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China; School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Honggang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China
| | - Se Da
- Gonyal Animal Husbandry Technology and Industry Co., Naqu, Tibet 852014, PR China
| | - Dajie Ciren
- Gonyal Animal Husbandry Technology and Industry Co., Naqu, Tibet 852014, PR China
| | - Xinyan Peng
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, PR China.
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Mkabayi L, Viljoen Z, Krause RW, Lobb KA, Pletschke BI, Frost CL. Inhibitory effects of selected cannabinoids against dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23289. [PMID: 38169946 PMCID: PMC10758829 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance In recent times the decriminalisation of cannabis globally has increased its use as an alternative medication. Where it has been used in modern medicinal practises since the 1800s, there is limited scientific investigation to understand the biological activities of this plant. Aim of the study Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis, and inhibition of this enzyme has been used as a therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes. However, some of the synthetic inhibitors for this enzyme available on the market may cause undesirable side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify new inhibitors of DPP-IV and to understand their interaction with this enzyme. Methods In this study, four cannabinoids (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against recombinant human DPP-IV and their potential inhibition mechanism was explored using both in vitro and in silico approaches. Results All four cannabinoids resulted in a dose-dependent response with IC50 values of between 4.0 and 6.9 μg/mL. Kinetic analysis revealed a mixed mode of inhibition. CD spectra indicated that binding of cannabinoids results in structural and conformational changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme. These findings were supported by molecular docking studies which revealed best docking scores at both active and allosteric sites for all tested inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations showed that cannabinoids formed a stable complex with DPP-IV protein via hydrogen bonds at an allosteric site, suggesting that cannabinoids act by either inducing conformational changes or blocking the active site of the enzyme. Conclusion These results demonstrated that cannabinoids may modulate DPP-IV activity and thereby potentially assist in improving glycaemic regulation in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Zenobia Viljoen
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Rui W.M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Kevin A. Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Carminita L. Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Talebi Taheri A, Lashkarbolouki T, Karimi A, Sirati-Sabet M, Karima S, Goudarzi A. Comparison of DPPIV Levels in Serum and Tumour of OSCC Patients and Its Correlation with Active Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1343-1349. [PMID: 37116157 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.4.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The important role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV) has been reported in tumour progression of several human cancers. This study demonstrates the DPPIV mRNA expression level and activity in tumour and paired non-tumour tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and the potential modulation of DPPIV in the metastasis of tumour through regulating MMP2 and MMP9 activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 16 OSCC patients. The mRNA expression level of DPPIV was evaluated by RT-qPCR in tumour of OSCC patientsand compared with their paired non-tumour tissues. Additionally, DPPIV activity was measured in serum, tumour and paired non-tumour tissues of OSCC patients. Zymography was performed to measure and compare the activities of MMP2 and MMP9 between tumour and paired non-tumour tissues of OSCC patients. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher DPPIV mRNA level and activity in tumour of OSCC patients compared to their paired non-tumour tissues. Tumour DPPIV mRNA expression and activity were positively correlated with activities of MMP2 and MMP9, respectively. Serum DPPIV activity of OSCC patients was lower compared to healthy control and did not show correlation with tumour DPPIV mRNA level. CONCLUSION These data indicate that secreted DPPIV may not originate from the tumour tissue of OSCC patients. Furthermore, increased DPPIV gene expression and activity in tumour of OSCC patients might be involved in the ECM degradation and invasion of OSCC through regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sirati-Sabet
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cui X, Gao B, Yu Y, Gu Y, Hu L. Chronic Administration of Methamphetamine Aggravates Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Fed with a High-cholesterol Diet. Curr Mol Med 2023:CMM-EPUB-130282. [PMID: 36944618 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230321095233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed previously that chronic methamphetamine (METH) administration could upregulate neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression and promote atherosclerotic formation in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with a normal cholesterol or high diet and NPY might be involved in the pathogenesis of METH-induced atherogenic effects through NPY Y1 receptor pathway. Vulnerable coronary atherosclerotic plaque (VP) is a critical pathological finding responsible for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, we explored whether METH abuse could aggravate the formation of VP in ApoE-/- mice fed with high cholesterol diet. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to observe if chronic METH administration could aggravate vulnerable plaque (VP) formation in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet. METHODS Male ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (NS) or 8 mg/kg/day METH (M8) for 24 weeks. Body weight was monitored from baseline to 24 weeks at 2 weeks intervals. After 24 weeks of treatment, plasma lipid variables were measured. Movat's staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on frozen sections of the aortic roots to calculate VP percentage and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) percentage and detect expression of NPY, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31. In vitro, the expressions of Y2R, VEGF, and CD31 were detected by immunofluorescence staining in aortic endothelial cells incubated with PBS, 100μM METH, 10nmol NPY, or 100μM METH plus 10nmol NPY for 12 hours. RESULTS The CD31 positive area, percentage of IPH, VP, and the expressions of NPY and VEGF were significantly increased in the M8 group than in the NS group. In vitro, the expressions of Y2R, VEGF, and CD31 were significantly increased in the METH+NPY group than in the PBS, METH, and NPY groups and these effects could be blunted by treatment with a Y2R antagonist or DPPIV inhibitor. CONCLUSION Chronic METH administration could aggravate VP in ApoE-/- mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet, possibly through upregulating vascular NPY and VEGF expression and promoting angiogenesis and vessel rupture in atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings indicated that increased VP formation might contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome post-chronic METH abuse by activating DPPIV/NPY/Y2R pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital; Puai Hospital, Wuhan, c, China
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Yang ML, Huang YJ, Lin YC, Lin YH, Hung TT, Shiau AL, Cheng HC, Wu CL. Multivalent dipeptidyl peptidase IV fragment-nanogold complex inhibits cancer metastasis by blocking pericellular fibronectin. Biomater Adv 2023; 148:213357. [PMID: 36871348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cancer metastasis is a fundamental challenge in cancer treatment. We have previously shown that metastasis of cancer cells in the lung is critically promoted by the interaction between the superficial dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) expressed on lung endothelial cells and the pericellular polymeric fibronectin (polyFN) of circulating cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to search for DPP IV fragments with high avidity to polyFN and develop FN-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with DPP IV fragments for treating cancer metastasis. We first identified a DPP IV fragment encompassing amino acids 29-130 of DPP IV, designated DP4A, which contained FN-binding sites and could specifically bind to FN immobilized on gelatin agarose beads. Furthermore, we conjugated maltose binding protein (MBP)-fused DP4A proteins to AuNPs for fabricating a DP4A-AuNP complex and evaluated its FN-targeted activity in vitro and anti-metastatic efficacy in vivo. Our results show that DP4A-AuNP exhibited higher binding avidity to polyFN than DP4A by 9 folds. Furthermore, DP4A-AuNP was more potent than DP4A in inhibiting DPP IV binding to polyFN. In terms of polyFN-targeted effect, DP4A-AuNP interacted with FN-overexpressing cancer cells and was endocytosed into cells 10 to 100 times more efficiently than untargeted MBP-AuNP or PEG-AuNP with no noticeable cytotoxicity. Furthermore, DP4A-AuNP was superior to DP4A in competitive inhibition of cancer cell adhesion to DPP IV. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that binding of DP4A-AuNP to pericellular FN induced FN clustering without altering its surface expression on cancer cells. Notably, intravenous treatment with DP4A-AuNP significantly reduced metastatic lung tumor nodules and prolonged the survival in the experimental metastatic 4T1 tumor model. Collectively, our findings suggest that the DP4A-AuNP complex with potent FN-targeted effects may have therapeutic potential for prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Smith NK, Kondev V, Hunt TR, Grueter BA. Neuropeptide Y modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and promotes social behavior in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2022; 217:109201. [PMID: 35917875 PMCID: PMC9836361 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions define the human experience, but these integral behaviors are disrupted in many psychiatric disorders. Social behaviors have evolved over millennia, and neuromodulatory systems that promote social behavior in invertebrates are also present in mammalian brains. One such conserved neuromodulator, neuropeptide Y (NPY), acts through several receptors including the Y1r, Y2r, and Y5r. These receptors are present in brain regions that control social behavior, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). However, whether NPY modulates NAc neurotransmission is unknown. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of NAc neurons, we find that multiple NPY receptors regulate excitatory synaptic transmission in a cell-type specific manner. At excitatory synapses onto D1+ MSNs, Y1r activity enhances transmission while Y2r suppresses transmission. At excitatory synapses onto D1- MSNs, Y5r activity enhances transmission while Y2r suppresses transmission. Directly infusing NPY or the Y1r agonist [Leu31, Pro34]-NPY into the NAc significantly increases social interaction with an unfamiliar conspecific. Inhibition of an enzyme that breaks down NPY, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), shifts the effect of NPY on D1+ MSNs to a Y1r dominated phenotype. Together, these results increase our understanding of how NPY regulates neurotransmission in the NAc and identify a novel mechanism underlying the control of social behavior. Further, they reveal a potential strategy to shift NPY signaling for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K. Smith
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Veronika Kondev
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas R. Hunt
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brad A. Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University; Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,Corresponding author. 1161 21st Avenue South * T4202-MCN Nashville, TN, 37232-2520, USA, (B.A. Grueter)
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Ogawa Y, Akimoto Y, Ikemoto M, Goto Y, Ishikawa A, Ohta S, Takase Y, Kawakami H, Tsujimoto M, Yanoshita R. Stability of human salivary extracellular vesicles containing dipeptidyl peptidase IV under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101034. [PMID: 34141904 PMCID: PMC8185177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated from various sources, including primary and cultured cell lines and body fluids. Previous studies, including those conducted in our laboratory, have reported the stability of EVs under various storage conditions. Methods EVs from human whole saliva were separated via size-exclusion chromatography. To simulate the effects of gastric or intestinal fluids on the stability of EVs, pepsin or pancreatin was added to the samples. Additionally, to determine the effect of bile acids, sodium cholate was added. The samples were then subjected to western blotting, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. In addition, the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV retained in the samples was examined to monitor the stability of EVs. Results Under acidic conditions, with pepsin mimicking the milieu of the stomach, the EVs remained stable. However, they partially lost their membrane integrity in the presence of pancreatin and sodium cholate, indicating that they may be destabilized after passing through the duodenum. Although several associated proteins, such as mucin 5B and CD9 were degraded, DPP IV was stable, and its activity was retained under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Conclusion Our data indicate that although EVs can pass through the stomach without undergoing significant damage, they may be disrupted in the intestine to release their contents. The consistent delivery of active components such as DPP IV from EVs into the intestine might play a role in the efficient modulation of homeostasis of the signal transduction pathways occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. The morphology of EVs was retained after enzyme or sodium cholate treatment. Although EVs could pass through the stomach, they were disrupted in the intestine. DPP IV of EVs may remain intact following digestion and solubilization in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Key Words
- Alix, programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DPP IV, dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- EVs, extracellular vesicles
- Exosomes
- Extracellular vesicles
- Gastrointestinal condition
- Human whole saliva
- MCA, 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- SD, standard deviation
- Stability
- TEM, transmission electron microscopic
- TSG101, tumor susceptibility gene 101
- WS, whole saliva
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ikemoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Anna Ishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Sakura Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yumi Takase
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yanoshita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, 4-21-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
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Zheng Z, Liang P, Hou B, Lu X, Ma Q, Yu X, Han S, Peng B, Chen T, Liu W, Yin J, He X. The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on disease-associated microglia phenotypic transformation in epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:112. [PMID: 33975617 PMCID: PMC8114532 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that disease-associated microglia (DAM), a recently discovered subset of microglia, plays a protective role in neurological diseases. Targeting DAM phenotypic transformation may provide new therapeutic options. However, the relationship between DAM and epilepsy remains unknown. METHODS Analysis of public RNA-sequencing data revealed predisposing factors (such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV; DPP4) for epilepsy related to DAM conversion. Anti-epileptic effect was assessed by electroencephalogram recordings and immunohistochemistry in a kainic acid (KA)-induced mouse model of epilepsy. The phenotype, morphology and function of microglia were assessed by qPCR, western blotting and microscopic imaging. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that DPP4 participated in DAM conversion and epilepsy. The treatment of sitagliptin (a DPP4 inhibitor) attenuated KA-induced epilepsy and promoted the expression of DAM markers (Itgax and Axl) in both mouse epilepsy model in vivo and microglial inflammatory model in vitro. With sitagliptin treatment, microglial cells did not display an inflammatory activation state (enlarged cell bodies). Furthermore, these microglia exhibited complicated intersections, longer processes and wider coverage of parenchyma. In addition, sitagliptin reduced the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and the proinflammatory DAM subset gene CD44. CONCLUSION The present results highlight that the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin can attenuate epilepsy and promote DAM phenotypic transformation. These DAM exhibit unique morphological features, greater migration ability and better surveillance capability. The possible underlying mechanism is that sitagliptin can reduce the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and suppress the inflammatory response mediated by microglia. Thus, we propose DPP4 may act as an attractive direction for DAM research and a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peiyu Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Medical College, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianwen Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Biwen Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taoxiang Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Road No. 185, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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10
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Han R, Hernández Álvarez AJ, Maycock J, Murray BS, Boesch C. Comparison of alcalase- and pepsin-treated oilseed protein hydrolysates - Experimental validation of predicted antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:141-149. [PMID: 33778774 PMCID: PMC7985463 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence on the importance of food-derived bioactive peptides to promote human health. Compared with animal derived proteins, plant proteins, in particular oilseed proteins, are considered as affordable and sustainable sources of bioactive peptides. Based on our previous bioinformatic analysis, five oilseed proteins (flaxseed, rapeseed, sunflower, sesame and soybean) were enzymatically hydrolysed using alcalase and pepsin (pH 1.3 and pH 2.1). Further, low molecular weight (Mw < 3 kDa) fractions were generated using ultrafiltration. The protein hydrolysates and their low Mw fractions were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic capabilities, in comparison with samples obtained from two dairy proteins (whey and casein). Apart from dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibition, significantly stronger bioactivities were detected for the low Mw fractions. In partial agreement with in silico predictions, most oilseed hydrolysates exerted comparable angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory capability to dairy proteins, whilst whey protein was the most promising source of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors. Apart from alcalase-treated soybean, dairy proteins were more efficient in releasing antioxidant peptides as compared to oilseed proteins. On the other hand, soybean protein hydrolysates showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity amongst all protein sources. Overall, there was limited correlation between in silico predictions and in vitro experimental results. Nevertheless, our results indicate that oilseed proteins have potential as bioactive peptide sources, and they might therefore be suitable replacers for dairy proteins as well as good sources for development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixian Han
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J. Hernández Álvarez
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Joanne Maycock
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Brent S. Murray
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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11
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Rivero-Pino F, Espejo-Carpio FJ, Guadix EM. Production and identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from discarded Sardine pilchardus protein. Food Chem 2020; 328:127096. [PMID: 32485583 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Production of bioactive peptides via enzymatic hydrolysis is a sustainable way to take advantage of proteinaceous by-products from food industry, such as fish discards. Sardine pilchardus protein was subjected to different enzymatic treatments using two endopeptidases of different selectivity and one exopeptidase in order to produce hydrolysates with antidiabetic activity. The highest dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity was obtained by the combination of three enzymes (subtilisin, trypsin and flavourzyme) employed sequentially. This hydrolysate was subsequently purified by size exclusion chromatography to obtain fractions sorted by size (hydrodynamic volume). Peptides below 1400 Dalton had the highest activity, and these pools were analysed by mass spectrometry in order to identify the peptides responsible for that activity. Numerous peptides with adequate molecular features, it is, owning an alanine (A) as their penultimate N-terminal residue (e.g. NAPNPR, YACSVR) were identified and are proposed to be antidiabetic peptides from Sardine pilchardus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilia M Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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12
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Letko M, Miazgowicz K, McMinn R, Seifert SN, Sola I, Enjuanes L, Carmody A, van Doremalen N, Munster V. Adaptive Evolution of MERS-CoV to Species Variation in DPP4. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1730-1737. [PMID: 30110630 PMCID: PMC7104223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) likely originated in bats and passed to humans through dromedary camels; however, the genetic mechanisms underlying cross-species adaptation remain poorly understood. Variation in the host receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), can block the interaction with the MERS-CoV spike protein and form a species barrier to infection. To better understand the species adaptability of MERS-CoV, we identified a suboptimal species-derived variant of DPP4 to study viral adaption. Passaging virus on cells expressing this DPP4 variant led to accumulation of mutations in the viral spike which increased replication. Parallel passages revealed distinct paths of viral adaptation to the same DPP4 variant. Structural analysis and functional assays showed that these mutations enhanced viral entry with suboptimal DPP4 by altering the surface charge of spike. These findings demonstrate that MERS-CoV spike can utilize multiple paths to rapidly adapt to novel species variation in DPP4.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Biological Coevolution
- Chiroptera
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cricetulus
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/chemistry
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Host Specificity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/genetics
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vero Cells
- Virus Internalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - Kerri Miazgowicz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rebekah McMinn
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stephanie N Seifert
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Isabel Sola
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Enjuanes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Vincent Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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13
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Rao X, Zhao S, Braunstein Z, Mao H, Razavi M, Duan L, Wei Y, Toomey AC, Rajagopalan S, Zhong J. Oxidized LDL upregulates macrophage DPP4 expression via TLR4/TRIF/CD36 pathways. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:50-61. [PMID: 30738832 PMCID: PMC6441950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We and others have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP4) expression is increased in obesity/atherosclerosis and is positively correlated with atherosclerotic burden. However, the mechanism by which DPP4 expression is regulated in obesity remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the pathways regulating the expression of DPP4 on macrophages. Methods Flowsight® Imaging Flow Cytometry was employed for the detection of DPP4 and immunophenotyping. DPP4 enzymatic activity was measured by a DPPIV-Glo™ Protease Assay kit. Findings Human monocytes expressed a moderate level of membrane-bound DPP4. Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 had a higher level of monocyte DPP4 expression, in parallel with higher levels of HOMA-IR, blood glucose, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, compared to those in the non-obese (BMI < 30) patients. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), but not native LDL, up-regulated DPP4 expression on macrophages with a preferential increase in CD36+ cells. OxLDL mediated DPP4 up-regulation was considerably diminished by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) knockdown and CD36 deficiency. TRIF deficiency, but not MyD88 deficiency, attenuated oxLDL-induced DPP4 increase. Interpretation Our study suggests a key role for oxLDL and downstream CD36/TLR4/TRIF in regulating DPP4 expression. Increased DPP4 in response to oxidized lipids may represent an integrated mechanism linking post-prandial glucose metabolism to lipoprotein abnormality-potentiated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Rao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wexnel Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Michael Razavi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lihua Duan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yingying Wei
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amelia C Toomey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Xie Y, Shao L, Wang Q, Bai Y, Chen Z, Li N, Xu Y, Li Y, Yang G, Bian X. Synthesis, nitric oxide release, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition of sitagliptin derivatives as new multifunctional antidiabetic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3731-3735. [PMID: 30343953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction has been found to be an important factor in both the development and progression of diabetic complications due to its many roles in the vascular system. Multifunctional compounds with hypoglycemic and endothelial protective action will be promising agents for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. In this study, a series of novel NO-donating sitagliptin derivatives and relevant metabolites were synthesized and evaluated as potential multifunctional hypoglycemic agents. All of synthetic compounds shown remarkable inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) in vitro and demonstrated excellent hypoglycemic activities in diabetic mice, similar to the activity of sitagliptin, and compounds T1-T4 shown different extents of NO-releasing abilities and potent antioxidant abilities in vivo. By screening in DPP-4, compound T4 was recognized as a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with the IC50 value of 0.060 μM. Docking study revealed compound T4 has a favorable binding mode. Furthermore, compounds T1-T4 exhibited different extents of NO-releasing abilities and excellent anti-platelet aggregation in vitro. The overall results suggested that T4 could help to the amelioration of endothelial dysfunction by reducing blood glucose, lessening oxidative stress and raising NO levels as well as inhibiting platelet aggregation. Based on this research, compound T4 deserves further investigation as potential new multifunctional anti-diabetic agent with antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation and endothelial protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Tibet University of Nationalities, No. 6 Wenhui East Road, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province 712082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihua Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiutang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zizhang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Community Health Service Center of Daxing New District, No.233 Ziqiang West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangde Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoli Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710061, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhu MR, Zhou J, Jin Y, Gao LH, Li L, Yang JR, Lu CM, Zhao QH, Xie MJ. A manganese-salen complex as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1232-1239. [PMID: 30171949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A manganese Schiff base complex with N,N'-1,2-phenylenediamine-bis(salicyladimine) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. This complex was administered intragastrically to alloxan-diabetic mice 3 weeks. In vivo tests showed that the complex significantly lowered serum glucose levels in alloxan-diabetic mice at doses of 77 mg V kg-1. Meanwhile, this complex was investigated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The compound exhibit moderate inhibition against DPP-IV and possessed an IC50 value of 30 μM. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the inhibition kinetics data demonstrated that it was a noncompetitive inhibitor of DPP-IV and Ki value was 136.3 μM. Moreover, molecular modeling studies suggested that the complex could fit well within the active-site cleft of DPP-IV. An acute toxicity study showed that animals treated intragastically with complex 1 at a dose of 5.0 g/kg did not show any significantly abnormal signs. These preliminary results suggest that the manganese Schiff base complex can induce a hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Jin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
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16
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Yeganeh F, Mousavi SMJ, Hosseinzadeh-Sarband S, Ahmadzadeh A, Bahrami-Motlagh H, Hoseini MHM, Sattari M, Sohrabi MR, Pouriran R, Dehghan P. Association of CD26/ dipeptidyl peptidase IV mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with disease activity and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:3183-3190. [PMID: 30136129 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, CD26) plays many roles in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The current study evaluated the association of DPP-IV enzymatic activity and its gene expression with disease activity and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Blood samples were collected from 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into four subgroups using DAS28 index. CD26 gene expression levels were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the enzymatic activity of this molecule in serum was determined using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide as substrate. Digital radiography was applied to obtain images for bone erosion assessment. No significant difference in serum DPP-IV activity level was seen between patients and controls (p = 0.140). However, patients exhibited an increase in CD26 mRNA expression (1.68 times) when compared to controls (p = 0.001). Moreover, a strong positive correlation between CD26 gene expression and DAS28 index as well as bone erosion in the hands was observed (r = 0.71, p = 0.002 and r = 0.61, p = 0.049, respectively). This study demonstrated that CD26 mRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis patients is associated with disease activity and bone erosion, suggesting a potential role for this molecule in the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis and bone erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseinzadeh-Sarband
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Bahrami-Motlagh
- Department of Radiology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Sattari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Dehghan
- Department of Radiology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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da Silva Júnior WS, Souza MDGCD, Nogueira Neto JF, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Constitutive DPP4 activity, inflammation, and microvascular reactivity in subjects with excess body weight and without diabetes. Microvasc Res 2018; 120:94-99. [PMID: 30071203 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibition is associated with attenuation of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we investigated the associations between constitutive DPP4 activity, inflammatory biomarkers, and microvascular reactivity in subjects with excess body weight without diabetes. METHODS Forty subjects of BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 and without diabetes were cross-sectionally evaluated. We assessed microvascular blood flow and vasomotion by laser Doppler flowmetry, and measured at baseline, 30, and 60 min after a standardized meal: DPP4 activity, glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD were used to assess insulin resistance. Linear correlations of DPP4 activity with the biomarkers of inflammation and components of microvascular function were conducted. In step further, multiple regression analyses were performed to test whether some of these variables could influence, or be influenced by, the plasma DPP4 activity. RESULTS DPP4 activity was inversely associated with VCAM-1 at baseline (P < 0.05), and DPP4 activityAUC was inversely correlated with the myogenic componentAUC of vasomotion (P < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, HOMA-AD, IL-6, VCAM-1, PAI-1, blood flow, and vasomotion influenced DPP4 activity and explained almost 40% of the variance on it. When HOMA-AD, VCAM-1, and blood flow were placed respectively as dependent variables, DPP4 activity exerted a significant effect in all of them. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive DPP4 activity was associated with early markers of endothelial proinflammatory activation and microvascular function, and may have an influence and even be influenced by inflammation and microvascular blood flow in subjects with excess body weight without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Santana da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology (FISCLINEX), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Endocrinology Discipline, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Natural, Human, Health, and Technology Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Pinheiro, MA, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Eliete Bouskela
- Postgraduate Program in Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology (FISCLINEX), State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Obesity Unit, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biomedical Center, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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18
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Abstract
Cellular transplantation represents an alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of end-stage liver disease and liver-based inborn errors of metabolism. In order for cellular transplantation to be successful, an optimal source of cells for transplantation needs to be identified and the molecular mechanisms regulating their engraftment, proliferation, and functional differentiation elucidated. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation, selection, and transplantation into an injured adult rat liver of a defined population of late gestation fetal rat hepatocytes. Also described is the methodology for assessing the purity of the selected cells and the efficiency with which they repopulate the adult liver. Our approach provides an in vivo model to study the molecular pathways involved in liver repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, MPS 2-209, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, MPS 2-209, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Antonyan A, Schlenzig D, Schilling S, Naumann M, Sharoyan S, Mardanyan S, Demuth HU. Concerted action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and glutaminyl cyclase results in formation of pyroglutamate-modified amyloid peptides in vitro. Neurochem Int 2017; 113:112-119. [PMID: 29224965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests a crucial role of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ(1-40/42)) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The N-terminal truncation of Aβ(1-40/42) and their modification, e.g. by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), is expected to enhance the amyloid toxicity. In this work, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry application proved N-terminal cleavage of Aβ(1-40/42) by purified dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in vitro observed earlier. The subsequent transformation of resulted Aβ(3-40/42) to pE-Aβ(3-40/42) in QC catalyzed glutamate cyclization was manifested. Hence, consecutive conversion of Aβ(1-40/42) by DPPIV and QC can be assumed as a potential mechanism of formation of non-degrading pyroglutamated pE-Aβ(3-40/42), which might accumulate and contribute to AD progression. The in vitro acceleration of Aβ(1-40) aggregation in the simultaneous presence of DPPIV and QC was shown also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvard Antonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia.
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Schilling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sharoyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Sona Mardanyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry of Armenian NAS, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Halle, Germany
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20
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Sharma MC, Jain S, Sharma R. In silico screening for identification of pyrrolidine derivatives dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors using COMFA, CoMSIA, HQSAR and docking studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2017; 5:13. [PMID: 29098139 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-017-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between the structures of substituted pyrrolidine derivatives and their inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. The QSAR, including CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR, were applied to identify the key structures impacting their inhibitory potencies. The CoMFA, CoMSIA and HQSAR with cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) value of 0.727, 0.870 and 0.939 and r2 value of 0.973, 0.981 and 0.949. Based on the structure-activity relationship revealed by the present study, we have designed a set of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors that showed excellent potencies in the developed models. Thus, our results allowed us to design new derivatives with desired activities.
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21
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Lee HK, Kim MK, Kim HD, Kim HJ, Kim JW, Lee JO, Kim CW, Kim EE. Unique binding mode of Evogliptin with human dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:452-459. [PMID: 29061303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evogliptin ((R)-4-((R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl) piperazine-2-one)) is a highly potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Korea. In this study, we report the crystal structures of Evogliptin, DA-12166, and DA-12228 (S,R diastereomer of Evogliptin) complexed to human DPP4. Analysis of both the structures and inhibitory activities suggests that the binding of the trifluorophenyl moiety in the S1 pocket and the piperazine-2-one moiety have hydrophobic interactions with Phe357 in the S2 extensive subsite, and that the multiple hydrogen bonds made by the (R)-β-amine group in the S2 pocket and the contacts made by the (R)-tert-butyl group with Arg125 contribute to the high potency observed for Evogliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ki Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Dong-A Socio R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Dong-A Socio R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Dong Kim
- Dong-A Socio R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie-Oh Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Wha Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Xie MJ, Zhu MR, Lu CM, Jin Y, Gao LH, Li L, Zhou J, Li FF, Zhao QH, Liu HK, Sadler PJ, Sanchez-Cano C. Synthesis and characterization of oxidovanadium complexes as enzyme inhibitors targeting dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:29-35. [PMID: 28692886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two oxidovanadium(IV) complexes carrying Schiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives were synthesised and characterised, including their X-ray crystallographic structures. They were evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. These compounds were moderate inhibitors of DPP-IV, with IC50 values of ca. 40μM. In vivo tests showed that complexes 1 and 2 could lower significantly the level of glucose in the blood of alloxan-diabetic mice at doses of 22.5mgV·kg-1 and 29.6mgV·kg-1, respectively. Moreover, molecular modeling studies suggested that the oxidovanadium complexes 1 and 2 could fit well into the active-site cleft of the kinase domain of DPP-IV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of vanadium complexes capable of inhibiting DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ming-Rong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Mei Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Jin
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Fan-Fang Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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24
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Neves AC, Harnedy PA, O'Keeffe MB, Alashi MA, Aluko RE, FitzGerald RJ. Peptide identification in a salmon gelatin hydrolysate with antihypertensive, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Food Res Int 2017; 100:112-20. [PMID: 28873669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmon gelatin (Salmo salar, SG) enzymatic hydrolysates were generated using Alcalase 2.4L, Alcalase 2.4L in combination with Flavourzyme 500L, Corolase PP, Promod 144MG and Brewer's Clarex. The hydrolysate generated with Corolase PP for 1h (SG-C1) had the highest angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, IC50=0.13±0.05mgmL-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, IC50=0.08±0.01mgmL-1) inhibitory activities, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, 540.94±9.57μmolTEg-1d.w.). The in vitro bioactivities of SG-C1 were retained following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Administration of SG and SG-C1 (50mgkg-1 body weight) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) lowered heart rate along with systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. The SG-C1 hydrolysate was fractionated using semi-preparative RP-HPLC and the fraction with highest overall in vitro bioactivity (fraction 25) was analysed by UPLC-MS/MS. Four peptide sequences (Gly-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Val, Gly-Pro-Val-Ala, Pro-Pro and Gly-Phe) and two free amino acids (Arg and Tyr) were identified in this fraction. These peptides and free amino acids had potent ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory, and ORAC activities. The results show that SG hydrolysates have potential as multifunctional food ingredients particularly for the management of hypertension.
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25
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Guglielmi V, Sbraccia P. GLP-1 receptor independent pathways: emerging beneficial effects of GLP-1 breakdown products. Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:231-40. [PMID: 28040864 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) axis has emerged as a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and, recently, of obesity. The insulinotropic activity of the native incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36)amide, which is mainly exerted through a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-1R), is terminated via enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV that generates a C-terminal GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major circulating form in plasma. GLP-1(28-36)amide and GLP-1(32-36)amide are further cleavage products derived from GLP-1(7-36)amide and GLP-1(9-36)amide by the action of a neutral endopeptidase known as neprilysin. Until recently, GLP-1-derived metabolites were generally considered metabolically inactive. However, emerging evidence indicates that GLP-1 byproducts have insulinomimetic activities that may contribute to the pleiotropic effects of GLP-1 independently of the canonical GLP-1R. The recent studies reporting the beneficial effects of the administration of these metabolites in vivo and in vitro are the focus of this review. Collectively, these results suggest that GLP-1 metabolites inhibit hepatic glucose production, exert antioxidant cardio- and neuroprotective actions, reduce oxidative stress in vasculature and have both anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects in pancreatic β-cells, putatively by the modulation of mitochondrial functions. These findings have implication in energy homeostasis, obesity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications as well as incretin-based therapies for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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26
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Carbone LD, Bůžková P, Fink HA, Robbins JA, Bethel M, Isales CM, Hill WD. Association of DPP-4 activity with BMD, body composition, and incident hip fracture: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1631-1640. [PMID: 28150034 PMCID: PMC5653373 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There was no association of plasma DPP-4 activity levels with bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, or incident hip fractures in a cohort of elderly community-dwelling adults. INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inactivates several key hormones including those that stimulate postprandial insulin secretion, and DPP-4 inhibitors (gliptins) are approved to treat diabetes. While DPP-4 is known to modulate osteogenesis, the relationship between DPP-4 activity and skeletal health is uncertain. The purpose of the present study was to examine possible associations between DPP-4 activity in elderly subjects enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and BMD, body composition measurements, and incident hip fractures. METHODS All 1536 male and female CHS participants who had evaluable DXA scans and plasma for DPP-4 activity were included in the analyses. The association between (1) BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and total body; (2) body composition measurements (% lean, % fat, and total body mass); and (3) incident hip fractures and plasma levels of DPP-4 activity were determined. RESULTS Mean plasma levels of DPP-4 activity were significantly higher in blacks (227 ± 78) compared with whites (216 ± 89) (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant association of DPP-4 activity with age or gender (p ≥ 0.14 for both). In multivariable adjusted models, there was no association of plasma DPP-4 activity with BMD overall (p ≥ 0.55 for all) or in gender stratified analyses (p ≥ 0.23). There was also no association of DPP-4 levels and incident hip fractures overall (p ≥ 0.24) or in gender stratified analyses (p ≥ 0.39). CONCLUSION Plasma DPP-4 activity, within the endogenous physiological range, was significantly associated with race, but not with BMD, body composition, or incident hip fractures in elderly community-dwelling subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Carbone
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - P Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H A Fink
- Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M Bethel
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C M Isales
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - W D Hill
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (Formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Sanders Research Building, CB1119, b1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA, 30912-2000, USA.
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27
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Zou LW, Wang P, Qian XK, Feng L, Yu Y, Wang DD, Jin Q, Hou J, Liu ZH, Ge GB, Yang L. A highly specific ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe to detect dipeptidyl peptidase IV in plasma and living systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:283-289. [PMID: 27923191 PMCID: PMC7127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a highly specific ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe GP-BAN was developed and well-characterized to monitor dipeptidyl peptidase IV in plasma and living systems. GP-BAN was designed on the basis of the catalytic properties and substrate preference of DPP-IV, and it could be readily hydrolyzed upon addition of DPP-IV under physiological conditions. Both reaction phenotyping and inhibition assays demonstrated that GP-BAN displayed good reactivity and high selectivity towards DPP-IV over other human serine hydrolases including FAP, DPP-VIII, and DPP-IX. The probe was successfully used to monitor the real activities of DPP-IV in complex biological systems including diluted plasma, while it could be used for high throughput screening of DPP-IV inhibitors by using human plasma or tissue preparations as enzyme sources. As a two-photon fluorescent probe, GP-BAN was also successfully used for two-photon imaging of endogenous DPP-IV in living cells and tissues, and showed high ratiometric imaging resolution and deep-tissue penetration ability. Taken together, a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe GP-BAN was developed and well-characterized for highly selective and sensitive detection of DPP-IV in complex biological systems, which could serve as a promising imaging tool to explore the biological functions and physiological roles of this key enzyme in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Zou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing-Kai Qian
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Saidu Y, Muhammad SA, Abbas AY, Onu A, Tsado IM, Muhammad L. In vitro screening for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors from selected Nigerian medicinal plants. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016; 6:154-157. [PMID: 28512596 PMCID: PMC5429074 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161219011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) have been identified as one of the drug targets for the treatment of Type-2 diabetes. This study was designed to screen for PTP 1B and DPP-IV inhibitors from some Nigerian medicinal plants. Materials and Methods: PTP 1B and DPP-IV drug discovery kits from Enzo Life Sciences were used to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of crude methanolic extract of 10 plants; Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Acacia nilotica, Arachis hypogaea, Senna nigricans, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Leptadenia hastata, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Solanum incanum. Results: The results indicated PTP IB inhibition by S. nigricans (68.2 ± 2.29%), A. indica (67.4 ± 2.80%), A. hypogaea (57.2 ± 2.50%), A. nilotica (55.1 ± 2.19%), and M. oleifera (41.2 ± 1.87%) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared with standard inhibitor, sumarin while that of L. hastata (18.1 ± 2.00%) was significantly lower as compared with sumarin. The PTB 1B inhibition by M. indica (31.5 ± 1.90%) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that of sumarin. The DPP-IV inhibition by S. incanum (68.1 ± 2.71%) was significantly higher as compared with a known inhibitor, P32/98. S. nigrican (57.0±1.91%), Z. mauritiana (56.6±2.01%), A. hypogaea (51.0±1.30%), M. indica (44.6 ± 2.40%), C. procera (36.2 ± 2.00%), A. nilotica (35.4 ± 2.10%), and A. indica (33.6 ± 1.50%) show significantly (P < 0.05) lower inhibitions toward DPP-IV. Conclusion: The work demonstrated that these plant materials could serve as sources of lead compounds in the development of anti-diabetic agent(s) targeting PTP 1B and/or DPP-IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Saidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
| | | | | | - Andrew Onu
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
| | | | - Luba Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
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Ye C, Tian X, Yue G, Yan L, Guan X, Wang S, Hao C. Suppression of CD26 inhibits growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5315-4. [PMID: 27718126 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26/DPPIV is a glycosylated transmembrane type II protein and has a multitude of biological functions, while its impact on the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells has not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CD26 on growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We found in this study that CD26 expression was higher in cell lines that derived from the metastatic sites than those from the primary tumor sites. In specimens of pancreatic cancer patients, CD26 expression was higher in cancerous tissues than in paired normal tissues. In in vitro experiments, knockdown of CD26 expression inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, colony formation, and increased cell apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of CD26 also decreased tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo by using xenograft animal models. Suppression of CD26 could inhibit expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulatory genes. Our results indicated that CD26 may represent a new therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Ye
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Yue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Wesley UV, Hatcher JF, Ayvaci ER, Klemp A, Dempsey RJ. Regulation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in the Post-stroke Rat Brain and In Vitro Ischemia: Implications for Chemokine-Mediated Neural Progenitor Cell Migration and Angiogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4973-4985. [PMID: 27525674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia evokes abnormal release of proteases in the brain microenvironment that spatiotemporally impact angio-neurogenesis. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a cell surface and secreted protease, has been implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling by regulating cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis through modifying the functions of the major chemokine stromal-derived factor, SDF1. To elucidate the possible association of DPPIV in ischemic brain, we examined the expression of DPPIV in the post-stroke rat brain and under in vitro ischemia by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). We further investigated the effects of DPPIV on SDF1 mediated in vitro chemotactic and angiogenic functions. DPPIV protein and mRNA levels were significantly upregulated during repair phase in the ischemic cortex of the rat brain, specifically in neurons, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. In vitro exposure of Neuro-2a neuronal cells and rat brain endothelial cells to OGD resulted in upregulation of DPPIV. In vitro functional analysis showed that DPPIV decreases the SDF1-mediated angiogenic potential of rat brain endothelial cells and inhibits the migration of Neuro-2a and neural progenitor cells. Western blot analyses revealed decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and AKT in the presence of DPPIV. DPPIV inhibitor restored the effects of SDF1. Proteome profile array screening further revealed that DPPIV decreases matrix metalloproteinase-9, a key downstream effector of ERK-AKT signaling pathways. Overall, delayed induction of DPPIV in response to ischemia/reperfusion suggests that DPPIV may play an important role in endogenous brain tissue remodeling and repair processes. This may be mediated through modulation of SDF1-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Box 8660, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - James F Hatcher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Box 8660, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Emine R Ayvaci
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Box 8660, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Abby Klemp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Box 8660, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Box 8660, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Nojima H, Kanou K, Terashi G, Takeda-Shitaka M, Inoue G, Atsuda K, Itoh C, Iguchi C, Matsubara H. Comprehensive analysis of the Co-structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitor. BMC Struct Biol 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 27491540 PMCID: PMC4974693 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We comprehensively analyzed X-ray cocrystal structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and its inhibitor to clarify whether DPP-4 alters its general or partial structure according to the inhibitor used and whether DPP-4 has a common rule for inhibitor binding. Results All the main and side chains in the inhibitor binding area were minimally altered, except for a few side chains, despite binding to inhibitors of various shapes. Some residues (Arg125, Glu205, Glu206, Tyr662 and Asn710) in the area had binding modes to fix a specific atom of inhibitor to a particular spatial position in DPP-4. We found two specific water molecules that were common to 92 DPP-4 structures. The two water molecules were close to many inhibitors, and seemed to play two roles: maintaining the orientation of the Glu205 and Glu206 side chains through a network via the water molecules, and arranging the inhibitor appropriately at the S2 subsite. Conclusions Our study based on high-quality resources may provide a necessary minimum consensus to help in the discovery of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that is commercially useful. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kanou
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Present address: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Genki Terashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takeda-Shitaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Gaku Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chie Iguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Chang XY, Yang Y, Jia XQ, Wang Y, Peng LN, Ai XH, Jiang CY, Guo JH, Wu TT. Expression and Clinical Significance of Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:244-52. [PMID: 26992252 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at its various disease states, analyze its applications in the prediction and diagnosis of COPD and test the possibility of DPPIV as the serologic marker for COPD screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from 74 patients (42 cases with acute exacerbation of COPD or acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) and 32 cases with stable COPD) and 29 control subjects were collected in this study. Those patients with AECOPD were classified as COPD remission group if their clinical symptoms relieved after nonintravenous or oral hormone therapy for 7 ± 3 days. DPPIV concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the difference in serum concentration of DPPIV was compared among different groups. The correlation between DPPIV concentration and age, sex or smoking history was analyzed, and the diagnostic value of DPPIV was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Serum DPPIV concentration was significantly lower in all COPD groups as compared with that in healthy control group (P < 0.001). Serum DPPIV concentration in AECOPD group was increased after treatment (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between DPPIV concentration and age, sex or smoking history (P > 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that serum DPPIV concentration in all groups showed a good diagnostic accuracy, especially in stable COPD and AECOPD groups. The area under the ROC curve values were 0.901 and 0.906, respectively, with a high specificity of 0.931 for both groups and a high sensitivity of 0.75 for stable COPD and 0.875 for AECOPD. CONCLUSIONS Serum DPPIV concentration in patients with COPD is decreased significantly, and there is no correlation between serum DPPIV concentration and sex or age. Serum DPPIV not only is an independent predictive factor, but also of high value as a good serologic marker for the diagnosis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Li-Na Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Cui-Ying Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (X-YC, YY, X-QJ, YW, L-NP, X-HA, C-YJ, J-HG), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Nephrology Medicine (T-TW), Baotou Central Hospital, Donghe District, Baotou, China
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Iida A, Seino Y, Fukami A, Maekawa R, Yabe D, Shimizu S, Kinoshita K, Takagi Y, Izumoto T, Ogata H, Ishikawa K, Ozaki N, Tsunekawa S, Hamada Y, Oiso Y, Arima H, Hayashi Y. Endogenous GIP ameliorates impairment of insulin secretion in proglucagon-deficient mice under moderate beta cell damage induced by streptozotocin. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1533-1541. [PMID: 27053237 PMCID: PMC4901104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The action of incretin hormones including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is potentiated in animal models defective in glucagon action. It has been reported that such animal models maintain normoglycaemia under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta cell damage. However, the role of GIP in regulation of glucose metabolism under a combination of glucagon deficiency and STZ-induced beta cell damage has not been fully explored. METHODS In this study, we investigated glucose metabolism in mice deficient in proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs)-namely glucagon gene knockout (GcgKO) mice-administered with STZ. Single high-dose STZ (200 mg/kg, hSTZ) or moderate-dose STZ for five consecutive days (50 mg/kg × 5, mSTZ) was administered to GcgKO mice. The contribution of GIP to glucose metabolism in GcgKO mice was also investigated by experiments employing dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor (DPP4i) or Gcg-Gipr double knockout (DKO) mice. RESULTS GcgKO mice developed severe diabetes by hSTZ administration despite the absence of glucagon. Administration of mSTZ decreased pancreatic insulin content to 18.8 ± 3.4 (%) in GcgKO mice, but ad libitum-fed blood glucose levels did not significantly increase. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was marginally impaired in mSTZ-treated GcgKO mice but was abolished in mSTZ-treated DKO mice. Although GcgKO mice lack GLP-1, treatment with DPP4i potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion and ameliorated glucose intolerance in mSTZ-treated GcgKO mice, but did not increase beta cell area or significantly reduce apoptotic cells in islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that GIP has the potential to ameliorate glucose intolerance even under STZ-induced beta cell damage by increasing insulin secretion rather than by promoting beta cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iida
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan.
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Ayako Fukami
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Ryuya Maekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takagi
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan
| | - Takako Izumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetada Ogata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Kota Ishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozaki
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Yoji Hamada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oiso
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 4668550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hayashi
- Department of Genetics, Division of Stress Adaptation and Recognition, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 4648601, Japan.
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Liu S, Iskandar R, Chen W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Xiang F. Soluble Glycoprotein 130 and Heat Shock Protein 27 as Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 25:1000-6. [PMID: 27067668 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their importance, the current clinical biomarkers of chronic heart failure have limitations. In this study, soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), heat shock protein 27 (hsp27), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dpp4) and cathepsin S (CTSS) were tested for their potential as novel biomarkers for diagnosing chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS We compared the circulating levels of sgp130, hsp27, dpp4, and cathepsin S in patients with CHF with preserved ejection fraction (n=50) and in controls (n=50), determined how well these candidate biomarkers distinguish patients with CHF from controls, and assessed whether these candidates are superior to N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) as diagnostic tools. RESULTS After adjusting for clinical covariates, patients with CHF showed significantly higher mean concentrations of sgp130 (317.38pg/ml vs. 215.90 pg/ml), hsp27 (2601.02 pg/ml vs. 923.61 pg/ml) and NT-pro-BNP (982.35 pg/ml vs. 331.99 pg/ml), but not dpp4 (6930.9 4pg/ml vs. 7081.37 pg/ml) or CTSS (1050.46 pg/ml vs. 984.96 pg/ml), than did controls. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, hsp27 showed the most notable difference between CHF patients and controls, with the largest area under the curve (AUC) (0.920); the AUC values for sgp130 and NT-pro-BNP were 0.877 and 0.882, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Soluble glycoprotein 130 and hsp27 are novel candidate biomarkers for diagnosing CHF with preserved ejection fraction and thus warrant further investigation; neither dpp4 nor CTSS showed promise as biomarkers of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Reinard Iskandar
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China.
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Cieślińska A, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Wasilewska J, Fiedorowicz E, Chwała B, Moszyńska-Dumara M, Cieśliński T, Bukało M, Kostyra E. Influence of candidate polymorphisms on the dipeptidyl peptidase IV and μ-opioid receptor genes expression in aspect of the β-casomorphin-7 modulation functions in autism. Peptides 2015; 65:6-11. [PMID: 25625371 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with population prevalence of approximately 60-70 per 10,000. Data shows that both opioid system function enhancement and opiate administration can result in autistic-like symptoms. Cow milk opioid peptides, including β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7, Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile), affect the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and are subjected to degradation resulting from the proline dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, EC 3.4.14.5) enzyme activity. The presence of MOR and DPPIV activity are crucial factors determining biological activity of BCM7 in the human body. Our study examined the effect of β-casomorphin-7 on the MOR and DPPIV genes expression according to specific point mutations in these genes. In addition, we investigated frequency of A118G SNP in the MOR gene and rs7608798 of the DPPIV (A/G) gene in healthy and autistic children. Our research indicated correlation in DPPIV gene expression under the influence of BCM7 and hydrolyzed milk between healthy and ASD-affected children with genotype GG (P<0.0001). We also observed increased MOR gene expression in healthy children with genotype AG at polymorphic site A118G under influence of BCM7 and hydrolyzed milk. The G allele frequency was 0.09 in MOR gene and 0.68 in the DPPIV gene. But our results suggest no association between presence of the alleles G and A at position rs7608798 in DPPIV gene nor alleles A and G at position A118G of the MOR and increased incidence of ASD. Our studies emphasize the compulsion for genetic analysis in correlation with genetic factors affecting development and enhancement of autism symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Sienkiewicz-Szłapka
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wasilewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Gastroenterology and Allergology, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Chwała
- Regional Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18 A Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszyńska-Dumara
- Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Therapy of Autism at the Regional Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18 A Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cieśliński
- Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Therapy of Autism at the Regional Children's Hospital in Olsztyn, Zolnierska 18 A Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Bukało
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 1A Street, 10-19 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Ikuma Y, Hochigai H, Kimura H, Nunami N, Kobayashi T, Uchiyama K, Umezome T, Sakurai Y, Sawada N, Tadano J, Sugaru E, Ono M, Hirose Y, Nakahira H. Discovery of 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors: use of a carboxylate prodrug to improve bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:779-90. [PMID: 25596166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported a novel series of 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones with potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitory activity. However, these compounds showed poor oral absorption. We attempted in this study esterification of the carboxylic acid moiety to improve the compounds 1-4 plasma concentrations. Our efforts yielded 10h with a 5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl methyl ester as an S9/plasma-cleavable functionality. Compound 10h showed significantly high oral absorption and potent DPP-4 inhibition in vivo and decreased Zucker fatty rats glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. Optimization of the ester moiety revealed that rapid conversion to the carboxyl form in both liver S9 fractions and serum was important for prodrugs not to be detected in the plasma after oral administration. In particular, lability in the serum was found to be an important characteristic. Through our investigation, we were able to develop a novel efficient synthetic method for construction of 3H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones using intramolecular radical cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ikuma
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Hochigai
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kimura
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Noriko Nunami
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kobayashi
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Katsuya Uchiyama
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Takashi Umezome
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Sakurai
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sawada
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Jun Tadano
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugaru
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Michiko Ono
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirose
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakahira
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd, 33-94 Enoki-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
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Harnedy PA, O'Keeffe MB, FitzGerald RJ. Purification and identification of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV inhibitory peptides from the macroalga Palmaria palmata. Food Chem 2014; 172:400-6. [PMID: 25442570 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory peptides were purified and identified from an aqueous Palmaria palmata protein extract hydrolysed with Corolase PP. The hydrolysate was fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE) using a C18 matrix followed by semi-preparative reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (SP RP-HPLC). IC50 values of 1.47 ± 0.09, 0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.36 ± 0.03 mg/ml were obtained for the hydrolysate, the 25%--acetonitrile (ACN) SPE fraction and the most active SP RP-HPLC peptide fraction (SP RP-HPLC 25_F28), respectively. Thirteen peptide sequences were identified following UPLC-ESI MS/MS analysis of SP RP-HPLC 25_F28. Three novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides, Ile-Leu-Ala-Pro, Leu-Leu-Ala-Pro and Met-Ala-Gly-Val-Asp-His-Ile, with IC50 values in the range 43-159 μM were identified. The results indicate that P. palmata derived peptides may have potential as functional food ingredients in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.
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Sleddering MA, Bakker LEH, Janssen LGM, Meinders AE, Jazet IM. Higher insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels in healthy, young South Asians as compared to Caucasians during an oral glucose tolerance test. Metabolism 2014; 63:226-32. [PMID: 24290838 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher insulin levels during an oral glucose test (OGTT) have been shown in South Asians. We aimed to investigate if this increased insulin response causes reactive hypoglycemia later on, and if an increased glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) response, which could contribute to the hyperinsulinemia, is present in this ethnic group. METHODS A prolonged, 6-h, 75-g OGTT was performed in healthy, young Caucasian (n=10) and South Asian (n=8) men. The glucose, insulin and GLP-1 response was measured and indices of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell activity were calculated. RESULTS Age (Caucasians (CAU) 21.5±0.7 years vs South Asians (SA) 21.4±0.7 years (mean±SEM)) and body mass index (CAU 22.7±0.7 kg/m(2) vs SA 22.1±0.8 kg/m(2)) were comparable between the two groups. South Asian men were more insulin resistant, as indicated by a comparable glucose but significantly higher insulin response, and a significantly lower Matsuda index (CAU 8.7(8.6) vs SA 3.2(19.2), median(IQR)). South Asians showed a higher GLP-1 response, as reflected by a higher area under the curve for GLP-1 (CAU 851±99.8 mmol/l vs SA 1235±155.0 mmol/L). During the whole 6-h period, no reactive hypoglycemia was observed. CONCLUSION Healthy, young South Asian men have higher insulin levels during an OGTT as compared to Caucasians. This does not, however, lead to reactive hypoglycemia. The hyperinsulinemia is accompanied by increased levels of GLP-1. Whether this is an adaptive response to facilitate hyperinsulinemia to overcome insulin resistance or reflects a GLP-1 resistant state has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sleddering
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leontine E H Bakker
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura G M Janssen
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Edo Meinders
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Namoto K, Sirockin F, Ostermann N, Gessier F, Flohr S, Sedrani R, Gerhartz B, Trappe J, Hassiepen U, Duttaroy A, Ferreira S, Sutton JM, Clark DE, Fenton G, Beswick M, Baeschlin DK. Discovery of C-(1-aryl-cyclohexyl)-methylamines as selective, orally available inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:731-6. [PMID: 24439847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The successful launches of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors as oral anti-diabetics warrant and spur the further quest for additional chemical entities in this promising class of therapeutics. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have pursued their proprietary candidates towards the clinic, resulting in a large body of published chemical structures associated with DPP IV. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel chemotype for DPP IV inhibition based on the C-(1-aryl-cyclohexyl)-methylamine scaffold and its optimization to compounds which selectively inhibit DPP IV at low-nM potency and exhibit an excellent oral pharmacokinetic profile in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Namoto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Finton Sirockin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nils Ostermann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Gessier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Flohr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Sedrani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Gerhartz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Trappe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Hassiepen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Suzie Ferreira
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel K Baeschlin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Diez-Torrubia A, Cabrera S, de Castro S, García-Aparicio C, Mulder G, De Meester I, Camarasa MJ, Balzarini J, Velázquez S. Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:456-68. [PMID: 24185376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV). The solution- and solid-phase synthesis of the tetrapeptide amide prodrug 3 and the tripeptide ester conjugate 4 of acyclovir are reported. The synthesis of the demanding tetrapeptide amide prodrug of ACV 3 was first established in solution and successfully transferred onto solid support by using Ellman's dihydropyran (DHP) resin. In contrast with the valyl ester prodrug (valacyclovir, VACV), the tetrapeptide amide prodrug 3 and the tripeptide ester conjugate 4 of ACV proved fully stable in PBS. Both prodrugs converted to VACV (for 4) or ACV (for 3) upon exposure to purified DPPIV/CD26 or human or bovine serum. Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction. Both amide and ester prodrugs of ACV showed pronounced anti-herpetic activity in cell culture and significantly improved the water solubility in comparison with the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diez-Torrubia
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Bar-Or D, Slone DS, Mains CW, Rael LT. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in commercial solutions of human serum albumin. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:13-7. [PMID: 23770236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneous nature of commercial human serum albumin (cHSA), other components, such as the protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), possibly contribute to the therapeutic effect of cHSA. Here, we provide evidence for the first time that DPP-IV activity contributes to the formation of aspartate-alanine diketopiperazine (DA-DKP), a known immunomodulatory molecule from the N terminus of human albumin. cHSA was assayed for DPP-IV activity using a specific DPP-IV substrate and inhibitor. DPP-IV activity was assayed at 37 and 60°C because cHSA solutions are pasteurized at 60°C. DPP-IV activity in cHSA was compared with other sources of albumin such as a recombinant albumin (rHSA). In addition, the production of DA-DKP was measured by negative electrospray ionization/liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI(-)/LCMS). Significant levels of DPP-IV activity were present in cHSA. This activity was abolished using a specific DPP-IV inhibitor. Fully 70 to 80% DPP-IV activity remained at 60°C compared with the 37°C incubate. No DPP-IV activity was present in rHSA, suggesting that DPP-IV activity is present only in HSA produced using the Cohn fractionation process. The formation of DA-DKP at 60°C was observed with the DPP-IV inhibitor significantly decreasing this formation. DPP-IV activity in cHSA results in the production of DA-DKP, which could account for some of the clinical effects of cHSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bar-Or
- Trauma Research Laboratory, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80113, USA.
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Itou M, Kawaguchi T, Taniguchi E, Oriishi T, Sata M. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor Improves Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in a Refractory Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patient: A Case Report. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2012; 6:538-44. [PMID: 22949894 PMCID: PMC3432996 DOI: 10.1159/000341510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old Asian woman was referred to Kurume University Hospital due to abnormal liver function tests. She was diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD was treated by diet therapy with medication of metformin and pioglitazone; however, NAFLD did not improve. Subsequently, the patient was administered sitagliptin. Although her energy intake and physical activity did not change, her hemoglobin A1c level was decreased from 7.8 to 6.4% 3 months after treatment. Moreover, her serum insulin level and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance value were also improved, as was the severity of hepatic steatosis. These findings indicate that sitagliptin may improve insulin resistance and steatosis in patients with refractory NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Itou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Cordero OJ, Imbernon M, Chiara LD, Martinez-Zorzano VS, Ayude D, de la Cadena MP, Rodriguez-Berrocal FJ. Potential of soluble CD26 as a serum marker for colorectal cancer detection. World J Clin Oncol 2011; 2:245-61. [PMID: 21773075 PMCID: PMC3139035 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i6.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is characterized by a low survival rate even though the basis for colon cancer development, which involves the evolution of adenomas to carcinoma, is known. Moreover, the mortality rates continue to rise in economically transitioning countries although there is the opportunity to intervene in the natural history of the adenoma–cancer sequence through risk factors, screening, and treatment. Screening in particular accounted for most of the decline in colorectal cancer mortality achieved in the USA during the period 1975-2000. Patients show a better prognosis when the neoplasm is diagnosed early. Among the variety of screening strategies, the methods range from invasive and costly procedures such as colonoscopy to more low-cost and non-invasive tests such as the fecal occult blood test (guaiac and immunochemical). As a non-invasive biological serum marker would be of great benefit because of the performance of the test, several biomarkers, including cytologic assays, DNA and mRNA, and soluble proteins, have been studied. We found that the soluble CD26 (sCD26) concentration is diminished in serum of colorectal cancer patients compared to healthy donors, suggesting the potential utility of a sCD26 immunochemical detection test for early diagnosis. sCD26 originates from plasma membrane CD26 lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Some 90%–95% of sCD26 has been associated with serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity. DPP-IV, assigned to the CD26 cluster, is a pleiotropic enzyme expressed mainly on epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Our studies intended to validate this test for population screening to detect colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Oscar J Cordero, Monica Imbernon, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, School of Biology, CIBUS Building, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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