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De Chiara L, Barcia-Castro L, Gallardo-Gómez M, Páez de la Cadena M, Martínez-Zorzano VS, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Bujanda L, Etxart A, Castells A, Balaguer F, Jover R, Cubiella J, Cordero OJ. Evaluation of Blood Soluble CD26 as a Complementary Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194563. [PMID: 36230486 PMCID: PMC9559671 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal hemoglobin immunodetection (FIT) in combination with endoscopy has been implemented to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC), although there are issues that can be improved in relation to participation rates. We studied whether the blood biomarker soluble-CD26 (sCD26), related at least in part to the immune system and inflammation, and/or its dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme activity (DPP4), could help reduce false positives. In a cohort of 1703 individuals who underwent colonoscopy and had a serum sample, sCD26 and DPP4 activity showed statistically significant differences regarding sex and age. According to the colonoscopy findings, sCD26 and DPP4 activity progressively decreased in advanced adenomas and CRC, with statistically significant differences, even between both groups; 918 of them had a FIT result (n = 596 positive cases) with approximately 70% of these (n = 412) false positives. With cut-offs of 440 ng/mL for sCD26, 42 mU/mL for DPP4, and 11 ng/mU for their ratio, the combined information of the three biomarkers (at least positive for one biomarker) identified almost all advanced adenomas and CRC cases in the FIT cohort with approximately half of the false positives compared to FIT. A sequential testing strategy with FIT and our blood biomarker test is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta De Chiara
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.D.C.); (O.J.C.); Tel.: +34 986130051 (L.D.C.)
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Gallardo-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Universidade de Vigo, 36210 Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Bujanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ane Etxart
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jover
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, CIBERehd, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Oscar J. Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIBUS Building, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.D.C.); (O.J.C.); Tel.: +34 986130051 (L.D.C.)
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Cordero OJ, Viéitez I, Altabás I, Nuño-Nuño L, Villalba A, Novella-Navarro M, Peiteado D, Miranda-Carús ME, Balsa A, Varela-Calviño R, Gomez-Tourino I, Pego-Reigosa JM. Study of Plasma Anti-CD26 Autoantibody Levels in a Cohort of Treatment-Naïve Early Arthritis Patients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:12. [PMID: 35304639 PMCID: PMC8933303 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the identification of biomarkers to adjust treatment intensity and to correctly diagnose the disease in early stages still constitutes a challenge and, as such, novel biomarkers are needed. We proposed that autoantibodies (aAbs) against CD26 (DPP4) might have both etiological importance and clinical value. Here, we perform a prospective study of the potential diagnostic power of Anti-CD26 aAbs through their quantification in plasmas from 106 treatment-naïve early and undifferentiated AR. Clinical antibodies, Anti-CD26 aAbs, and other disease-related biomarkers were measured in plasmas obtained in the first visit from patients, which were later classified as RA and non-RA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Two different isotype signatures were found among ten groups of patients, one for Anti-CD26 IgA and other for Anti-CD26 IgG and IgM isotypes, both converging in patients with arthritis (RA and Unresolved Undifferentiated Arthritis: UUA), who present elevated levels of all three isotypes. The four UUA patients, unresolved after two years, were ACPA and rheumatic factor (RF) negatives. In the whole cohort, 51.3% of ACPA/RF seronegatives were Anti-CD26 positives, and a similar frequency was observed in the seropositive RA patients. Only weak associations of the three isotypes with ESR, CRP and disease activity parameters were observed. Anti-CD26 aAbs are present in treatment-naïve early arthritis patients, including ACPA and RF seronegative individuals, suggestive of a potential pathogenic and/or biomarker role of Anti-CD26 aAbs in the development of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. .,Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain. .,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain.
| | - Irene Viéitez
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Altabás
- Rheumatology and Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Nuño-Nuño
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villalba
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Novella-Navarro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Peiteado
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Balsa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - José M Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology and Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
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3
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Cordero OJ, Rafael-Vidal C, Varela-Calviño R, Calviño-Sampedro C, Malvar-Fernández B, García S, Viñuela JE, Pego-Reigosa JM. Distinctive CD26 Expression on CD4 T-Cell Subsets. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101446. [PMID: 34680079 PMCID: PMC8533622 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune system CD4 T-cells with high cell-surface CD26 expression show anti-tumoral properties. When engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), they incite strong responses against solid cancers. This subset was originally associated to human CD4 T helper cells bearing the CD45R0 effector/memory phenotype and later to Th17 cells. CD26 is also found in soluble form (sCD26) in several biological fluids, and its serum levels correlate with specific T cell subsets. However, the relationship between glycoprotein sCD26 and its dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzymatic activity, and cell-surface CD26 expression is not well understood. We have studied ex vivo cell-surface CD26 and in vitro surface and intracellular CD26 expression and secretome's sCD26 in cultured CD4 T cells under different polarization conditions. We show that most human CD26negative CD4 T cells in circulating lymphocytes are central memory (TCM) cells while CD26high expression is present in effector Th1, Th2, Th17, and TEM (effector memory) cells. However, there are significant percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 CD26 negative cells. This information may help to refine the research on CAR-Ts. The cell surface CD45R0 and CD26 levels in the different T helper subsets after in vitro polarization resemble those found ex vivo. In the secretomes of these cultures there was a significant amount of sCD26. However, in all polarizations, including Th1, the levels of sCD26 were lower (although not significantly) compared to the Th0 condition (activation without polarization). These differences could have an impact on the various physiological functions proposed for sCD26/DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881816935
| | - Carlos Rafael-Vidal
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.V.-C.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Beatriz Malvar-Fernández
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Samuel García
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan E. Viñuela
- Service of Immunology, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela-SERGAS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José M. Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology & Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain; (C.R.-V.); (B.M.-F.); (S.G.); (J.M.P.-R.)
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, 36312 Vigo, Spain
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Varela-Calviño R, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Dias Carvalho P, Martins F, Serra-Roma A, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Páez de la Cadena M, Velho S, Cordero OJ. The mechanism of sitagliptin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell lines' metastatic functionalities. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:761-773. [PMID: 33615655 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycoprotein CD26 with peptidase activity (DPP4) and/or its soluble CD26/DPP4 counterpart expression and/or activity are altered in several cancers. Its role in metastasis development was recently highlighted by the discovery of CD26+ cancer stem cell subsets and the fact that clinical DPP4 inhibitors showed antimetastatic effects in animal models. Also, diabetic patients treated with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin showed greater overall survival after colorectal or lung cancer surgery than patients under other diabetic therapies. However, the mechanism of action of these inhibitors in this context is unclear. We studied the role of CD26 and its DPP4 enzymatic activity in malignant cell features such as cell-to-cell homotypic aggregation, cancer cell motility, and invasion in a panel of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, avoiding models that include the physiological role of DPP4 in chemotaxis. Present results indicate that CD26 participates in the induction of cell invasion, motility, and aggregation of CD26-positive CRC cell lines. Moreover, only invasion and motility assays, which are collagen matrix-dependent, showed a decrease upon treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Sitagliptin showed opposite effects to those of transforming growth factor-β1 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle, but this result does not explain its CD26/DPP4-dependent effect. These results contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind sitagliptin inhibition of metastatic traits. At the same time, this role of sitagliptin may help to define areas of medicine where DPP4 inhibitors might be introduced. However, they also suggest that additional tools against CD26 as a target might be used or developed for metastasis prevention in addition to gliptins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Patrícia Dias Carvalho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flavia Martins
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sérgia Velho
- Institute of Research in Health and Innovation, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Vázquez-Iglesias L, Barcia-Castro L, Rodríguez-Quiroga M, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal J, Cordero OJ. Surface expression marker profile in colon cancer cell lines and sphere-derived cells suggests complexity in CD26 + cancer stem cells subsets. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.041673. [PMID: 31285270 PMCID: PMC6679411 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients at different stages of the disease and the fact that all of them could form spheres, cell surface biomarkers of cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were tested. The aim was to investigate cancer stem cells and metastatic stem cells in order to provide functional characterization of circulating tumor cells and promote the development of new anti-metastatic therapies. Our model showed an important heterogeneity in EpCAM, CD133, CD44, LGR5, CD26 and E-cadherin expression. We showed the presence of a subset of E-cadherin+ (some cells being E-cadherinhigh) expressing CD26+ (or CD26high) together with the well-known CSC markers LGR5 and EpCAMhigh, sometimes in the absence of CD44 or CD133. The already described CD26+/E-cadherinlow or negative and CD26+/EpCAM−/CD133− subsets were also present. Cell division drastically affected the expression of all markers, in particular E-cadherin, so new-born cells resembled mesenchymal cells in surface staining. CD26 and/or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors have already shown anti-metastatic effects in pre-clinical models, and the existence of these CD26+ subsets may help further research against cancer metastasis. Summary: In our model of eight established cell lines from colorectal cancer patients we show the presence of different putative cancer stem cell (CSC) subsets with expression of CD26/DPP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vázquez-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Leticia Barcia-Castro
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - María Páez de la Cadena
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Berrocal
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Galicia, Spain (EU)
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CIBUS Building, Facultade de Bioloxía. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain (EU)
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Calviño-Sampedro C, Gomez-Tourino I, Cordero OJ, Reche PA, Gómez-Perosanz M, Sánchez-Trincado JL, Rodríguez MÁ, Sueiro AM, Viñuela JE, Calviño RV. Naturally presented HLA class I-restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-β are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6390-6401. [PMID: 30817223 PMCID: PMC6463915 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802270r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells by the immune system, and CD8+ T lymphocytes are critical actors in this autoimmune response. Pancreatic islets are surrounded by a mesh of nervous cells, the peri-insular Schwann cells, which are also targeted by autoreactive T lymphocytes and express specific antigens, such as the neurotrophic factor S100-β. Previous work has shown increased proliferative responses to whole S100-β in both human T1D patients and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We describe for the first time naturally processed and presented epitopes (NPPEs) presented by class I human leukocyte antigen–A*02:01 (A2.1) molecules derived from S100-β. These NPPEs triggered IFN-γ responses more frequently in both newly diagnosed and long-term T1D patients compared with healthy donors. Furthermore, the same NPPEs are recognized during the autoimmune response leading to diabetes in A2.1-transgenic NOD mice as early as 4 wk of age. Interestingly, when these NPPEs are used to prevent diabetes in this animal model, an acceleration of the disease is observed together with an exacerbation in insulitis and an increase in S100-β–specific cytotoxicity in vaccinated animals. Whether these can be used in diabetes prevention needs to be carefully evaluated in animal models before use in future clinical assays.—Calviño-Sampedro, C., Gomez-Tourino, I., Cordero, O. J., Reche, P. A., Gómez-Perosanz, M., Sánchez-Trincado, J. L., Rodríguez, M. Á., Sueiro, A. M., Viñuela, J. E., Calviño, R. V. Naturally presented HLA class I–restricted epitopes from the neurotrophic factor S100-β are targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pedro A Reche
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Perosanz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aurelio M Sueiro
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS)-Hospital de Conxo, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; and
| | - Juan E Viñuela
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela Calviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
Many evidences support that species from the Human Oral Microbiome Database such as Fusobacterium nucleatum or Bacteroides, linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC), including metastasis. These typically oral species are invasive anaerobes that form biofilms in their virulent state. Aspirin (a NSAID) has been recently included into routine CRC prevention rationale. NSAIDs can prevent the growth of neoplastic lesions by inhibiting COX enzymes and another set of recently identified COX-independent targets, which include the WNT, AMPK and MTOR signaling pathways, the crosstalk between nucleoli and NF-κB transcriptional activity in apoptosis, and the biochemistry of platelets. These are signaling pathways related to tumor-promoting inflammation. In this process, pathogens or simple deregulation of the microbiota play an important role in CRC. Aspirin and other NSAIDs are efficient inhibitors of biofilm formation and able to control periodontitis development preventing inflammation related to the microbiota of the gingival tissue, so its seems plausible to include this pathway in the mechanisms that aspirin uses to prevent CRC. We propose arguments suggesting that current oral hygiene methods and other future developments against periodontitis might prevent CRC and probably other cancers, alone or in combination with other options; and that the multidisciplinary studies needed to prove this hypothesis might be relevant for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Cordero OJ, Varela-Calviño R, López-González T, Grujic M, Juranic Z, Mouriño C, Hernández-Rodríguez Í, Rodríguez-López M, de la Iglesia BA, Pego-Reigosa JM. Anti-CD26 autoantibodies are involved in rheumatoid arthritis and show potential clinical interest. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:903-910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Grujic M, Matic IZ, Crnogorac MD, Velickovic AD, Kolundzija B, Cordero OJ, Juranic Z, Prodanovic S, Zlatanovic M, Babic D, Damjanov N. Activity and expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with early steroid and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs naïve rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:73-81. [PMID: 27341562 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) plays an important role in T cell activation and immune regulation, however the role of this enzyme in early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to determine the serum activity of DPPIV, its expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and to examine possible correlations with disease activity (DAS28) in untreated patients with eRA. METHODS The study included 50 patients newly diagnosed with RA, who had not received any corticosteroid or disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) therapy and whose conventional radiographs of hands and feet showed no structural damage. The control group consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Also, 30 patients with chronic RA (cRA) were examined. The serum activity of DPPIV was determined by the direct photometric method, while expression of CD26 on PBMC was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Decreased DPPIV serum activity was detected in patients with eRA and cRA compared to the control group (p=0.024, p<0.0001, respectively). Although, the percentage of overall CD26+ white blood cells (WBC) was significantly decreased in eRA patients (p<0.001), the percentage of CD26+ lymphocytes and monocytes and mean fluorescence intensity of CD26 on these cells in eRA patients showed no significant difference compared to healthy volunteers. DAS28 showed no significant correlation with CD26 expression or DPPIV serum activity, but a significant inverse correlation between the duration of symptoms and DPPIV serum activity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a decrease in DPPIV serum activity, but not CD26 expression, is present in an early stage of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Cordero OJ, Varela-Calviño R, López-González T, Calviño-Sampedro C, Viñuela JE, Mouriño C, Hernández-Rodríguez Í, Rodríguez-López M, Aspe de la Iglesia B, Pego-Reigosa JM. Correction: CD26 Expression on T Helper Populations and sCD26 Serum Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139535. [PMID: 26413798 PMCID: PMC4586383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Varela-Calviño R, Cordero OJ. Stem and immune cells in colorectal primary tumour: Number and function of subsets may diagnose metastasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:68-77. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An important percentage of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, even after a successful curative resection. This leads to a very high mortality rate if metastasis is not detected early on. Disseminated cancer cells develop from metastatic stem cells (MetSCs). Recent knowledge has accumulated about these cells particularly in CRC, so they may now be tracked from the removed primary tumour. This approach could be especially important in prognosis of metastasis because it is becoming clear that metastasis does not particularly rely on testable driver mutations. Among the many traits supporting an epigenetic amplification of cell survival and self-renewal mechanisms of MetSCs, the role of many immune cell populations present in tumour tissues is becoming clear. The amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer cells), dendritic cells and some regulatory populations have already shown prognostic value or to be correlated with disease-free survival time, mainly in immunohistochemistry studies of unique cell populations. Parallel analyses of these immune cell populations together with MetSCs in the primary tumour of patients, with later follow-up data of the patients, will define the usefulness of specific combinations of both immune and MetSCs cell populations. It is expected that these combinations, together to different biomarkers in the form of an immune score, may predict future tumour recurrences, metastases and/or mortality in CRC. It will also support the future design of improved immunotherapeutic approaches against metastasis.
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Cordero OJ, Varela-Calviño R, López-González T, Calviño-Sampedro C, Viñuela JE, Mouriño C, Hernández-Rodríguez Í, Rodríguez-López M, Aspe de la Iglesia B, Pego JM. CD26 Expression on T Helper Populations and sCD26 Serum Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131992. [PMID: 26177310 PMCID: PMC4503416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, CD26) expression in different T helper cells and serum soluble DPP-IV/sCD26 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, correlated these with disease activity score (DAS), and examined how they were affected by different therapies, conventional or biological (anti-TNF, anti-CD20 and anti-IL6R or Ig-CTLA4). The percentage of CD4+CD45R0+CD26- cells was greatly reduced in patients (up to 50%) when compared with healthy subjects. Three other subsets of CD4 cells, including a CD26high Th1-associated population, changed variably with therapies. Data from these subsets (frequency and staining density) significantly correlated with DAS28 or DAS28 components but different in each group of patients undergoing the different therapies. Th17 and Th22 subsets were implicated in RA as independent CCR4+ and CCR4- populations each, with distinct CD26 expression, and were targeted with varying efficiency by each therapy. Serum DPP-IV activity rather than sCD26 levels was lower in RA patients compared to healthy donors. DPP-IV and sCD26 serum levels were found related to specific T cell subsets but not to disease activity. We conclude that, according to their CD26 expression, different cell subsets could serve to monitor RA course, and an uncharacterized T helper CD26- subset, not targeted by therapies, should be monitored for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tania López-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan E. Viñuela
- Service of Immunology, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Coral Mouriño
- Service of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- IRIDIS (Investigation in Rheumatology and Immuno-mediated Diseases) Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica. Xerencia de Xestión Integrada-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Marina Rodríguez-López
- Service of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- IRIDIS (Investigation in Rheumatology and Immuno-mediated Diseases) Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica. Xerencia de Xestión Integrada-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - José María Pego
- Service of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- IRIDIS (Investigation in Rheumatology and Immuno-mediated Diseases) Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica. Xerencia de Xestión Integrada-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
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Varela-Calviño R, Imbernón M, Vázquez-Iglesias L, Páez de la Cadena M, Bande-Rodríguez M, Piñeiro A, Pardo M, Cordero OJ. Serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and sCD26 concentration in patients with choroidal nevus or uveal melanoma. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:193-4. [PMID: 26164384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Bande-Rodríguez
- Service of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñeiro
- Service of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pardo
- Obesidomics Group, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Gómez-Touriño I, Simón-Vázquez R, Alonso-Lorenzo J, Arif S, Calviño-Sampedro C, González-Fernández Á, Pena-González E, Rodríguez J, Viñuela-Roldán J, Verdaguer J, Cordero OJ, Peakman M, Varela-Calvino R. Characterization of the autoimmune response against the nerve tissue S100β in patients with type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:207-17. [PMID: 25516468 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes results from destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets and is characterized by islet cell autoimmunity. Autoreactivity against non-beta cell-specific antigens has also been reported, including targeting of the calcium-binding protein S100β. In preclinical models, reactivity of this type is a key component of the early development of insulitis. To examine the nature of this response in type 1 diabetes, we identified naturally processed and presented peptide epitopes derived from S100β, determined their affinity for the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04:01 molecule and studied T cell responses in patients, together with healthy donors. We found that S100β reactivity, characterized by interferon (IFN)-γ secretion, is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes of varying duration. Our results confirm S100β as a target of the cellular autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes with the identification of new peptide epitopes targeted during the development of the disease, and support the preclinical findings that autoreactivity against non-beta cell-specific autoantigens may have a role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gómez-Touriño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Matić IZ, Đorđević M, Đorđić M, Grozdanić N, Damjanović A, Kolundžija B, Vidović A, Bila J, Ristić S, Mihaljević B, Tomin D, Milanović N, Ristić D, Purić M, Gavrilović D, Cordero OJ, Juranić ZD. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV: serum activity and expression on lymphocytes in different hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2701-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.782611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Matić IZ, Ðorđić M, Grozdanić N, Damjanović A, Kolundžija B, Erić-Nikolić A, Džodić R, Šašić M, Nikolić S, Dobrosavljević D, Rašković S, Andrejević S, Gavrilović D, Cordero OJ, Juranić ZD. Serum activity of DPPIV and its expression on lymphocytes in patients with melanoma and in people with vitiligo. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:48. [PMID: 22908963 PMCID: PMC3464610 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a multifunctional serine protease, is implicated in regulation of malignant transformation, promotion and further progression of cancer, exerting tumor-suppressing or even completely opposite - tumor-promoting activities. The aim of present research was to determine the serum DPPIV activity, as well as the percentages of CD26+ lymphocytes, CD26+ overall white blood cells and the mean fluorescence intensity of CD26 expression on lymphocytes in patients with melanoma, people with vitiligo and in healthy controls. Methods The activity of DPPIV in serum was determined by colorimetric test. Expression of DPPIV (as CD26) on immunocompetent peripheral white blood cells was done using flow cytometry analysis. Results Data from our study show for the first time statistically significant decrease: in the serum DPPIV activity, in the percentage of CD26+ overall white blood cells and in the percentage of lymphocytes in patients with melanoma in comparison to healthy control people. In addition, significantly lower serum DPPIV activity was found in the group of patients with melanoma in relation to people with vitiligo too. Conclusion This study indicates the need for exploring the cause and the importance of the disturbances in the serum DPPIV activity and in the CD26 expression on immunocompetent cells in complex molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Erić-Nikolić A, Matić IZ, Dorđević M, Milovanović Z, Marković I, Džodić R, Inić M, Srdić-Rajić T, Jevrić M, Gavrilović D, Cordero OJ, Juranić ZD. Serum DPPIV activity and CD26 expression on lymphocytes in patients with benign or malignant breast tumors. Immunobiology 2011; 216:942-6. [PMID: 21281985 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine serum DPPIV activity as well as the percentage of CD26+ white blood cells and of CD26+ lymphocytes and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD26 expression on lymphocytes in groups of patients with benign or malignant breast tumors and in healthy control people. Serum DPPIV activity was determined by colorimetric test, while CD26+ cells were counted using flow cytometer. Results of this study show that there is no statistically significant difference in serum DPPIV activity between examined groups of patients and healthy controls. However, two times higher frequency of patients with breast cancers had the enhanced DPPIV enzymatic activity in comparison to controls. Significant decrease in the percentage of CD26+ total white blood cells was found in the group of breast cancer patients and in patients with benign breast tumors compared to that found for healthy people. Although there was decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in patients with breast tumors it was not statistically significant. The MFI of CD26 expression on these cells was significantly lower for cancer patients in comparison to healthy controls. In conclusion, this work showed the enhanced frequency of breast cancer patients with higher serum DPPIV activity. Decreased percentage of CD26+ white blood cells and decreased CD26 expression on lymphocytes are also characteristics of this group of patients. Determination of the clinical outcome of analyzed patients, 1 and 2 years after the surgical resection of the tumor, would clarify potential prognostic values of examined parameters for breast cancer.
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Cordero OJ, Imbernon M, Chiara LD, Martinez-Zorzano VS, Ayude D, de la Cadena MP, Rodriguez-Berrocal FJ. Potential of soluble CD26 as a serum marker for colorectal cancer detection. World J Clin Oncol 2011; 2:245-61. [PMID: 21773075 PMCID: PMC3139035 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i6.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is characterized by a low survival rate even though the basis for colon cancer development, which involves the evolution of adenomas to carcinoma, is known. Moreover, the mortality rates continue to rise in economically transitioning countries although there is the opportunity to intervene in the natural history of the adenoma–cancer sequence through risk factors, screening, and treatment. Screening in particular accounted for most of the decline in colorectal cancer mortality achieved in the USA during the period 1975-2000. Patients show a better prognosis when the neoplasm is diagnosed early. Among the variety of screening strategies, the methods range from invasive and costly procedures such as colonoscopy to more low-cost and non-invasive tests such as the fecal occult blood test (guaiac and immunochemical). As a non-invasive biological serum marker would be of great benefit because of the performance of the test, several biomarkers, including cytologic assays, DNA and mRNA, and soluble proteins, have been studied. We found that the soluble CD26 (sCD26) concentration is diminished in serum of colorectal cancer patients compared to healthy donors, suggesting the potential utility of a sCD26 immunochemical detection test for early diagnosis. sCD26 originates from plasma membrane CD26 lacking its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Some 90%–95% of sCD26 has been associated with serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity. DPP-IV, assigned to the CD26 cluster, is a pleiotropic enzyme expressed mainly on epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Our studies intended to validate this test for population screening to detect colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Oscar J Cordero, Monica Imbernon, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, School of Biology, CIBUS Building, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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De Chiara L, Rodríguez-Piñeiro AM, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Cordero OJ, Martínez-Ares D, Páez de la Cadena M. Serum CD26 is related to histopathological polyp traits and behaves as a marker for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:333. [PMID: 20584285 PMCID: PMC2912863 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum CD26 (sCD26) levels were previously found diminished in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to healthy donors, suggesting its potential utility for early diagnosis. Therefore we aimed to estimate the utility of the sCD26 as a biomarker for CRC and advanced adenomas in a high-risk group of patients. The relationship of this molecule with polyp characteristics was also addressed. METHODS sCD26 levels were measured by ELISA in 299 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had undergone a colonoscopy. Patients were diagnosed as having no colorectal pathology, non-inflammatory or inflammatory bowel disease, polyps (hyperplastic, non-advanced and advanced adenomas) or CRC. RESULTS At a 460 ng/mL cut-off, the sCD26 has a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% (95% CI, 64.5-93.0%) and 72.3% (95% CI, 65.0-77.2%) for CRC regarding no or benign colorectal pathology. Clinicopathological analysis of polyps showed a relationship between the sCD26 and the grade of dysplasia and the presence of advanced adenomas. Hence, a 58.0% (95% CI, 46.5-68.9%) sensitivity detecting CRC and advanced adenomas was obtained, with a specificity of 75.5% (95% CI, 68.5-81.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show that measurement of the sCD26 is a non-invasive and reasonably sensitive assay, which could be combined with others such as the faecal occult blood test for the early diagnosis and screening of CRC and advanced adenomas. Additional comparative studies in average-risk populations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta De Chiara
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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De Chiara L, Rodríguez-Piñeiro AM, Cordero OJ, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Ayude D, Rivas-Hervada And FJ, de la Cadena MP. Soluble CD26 levels and its association to epidemiologic parameters in a sample population. Dis Markers 2010; 27:311-6. [PMID: 20075514 PMCID: PMC3835055 DOI: 10.3233/dma-2009-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have suggested the use of soluble CD26 (sCD26) as a tumour marker for the detection
of colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomas. The aim of this study was to assess the sCD26 concentration in a large
cohort to evaluate its association to epidemiologic parameters and CRC-related symptoms/pathologies.
Subjects and methods: Serum samples were collected from 2,754 putatively healthy individuals with ages ranging from 30–65
years, and with personal or familial history of polyps, CRC and/or CR symptoms. sCD26 levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: No association was found between the sCD26 concentration and age (< 50 and ≥ 50), the personal or familial
history of polyps or CRC, rectal bleeding, haemorrhoids or diverticula. However, sCD26 was related to non-inflammatory
benign pathologies (excluding rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, haemorrhoids, diverticula) and to inflammatory benign
pathologies.
Discussion: Our results confirm that the sCD26 can be easily offered and evaluated in a large cohort. Additionally, the validation of
sCD26 as a tumour marker for screening and case-finding purposes requires a further comparison with an established non-invasive
test like the faecal occult blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta De Chiara
- Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Cordero OJ, Salgado FJ, Nogueira M. On the origin of serum CD26 and its altered concentration in cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1723-47. [PMID: 19557413 PMCID: PMC11031058 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), assigned to the CD26 cluster, is expressed on epithelial cells and lymphocytes and is a multifunctional or pleiotropic protein. Its peptidase activity causes degradation of many biologically active peptides, e.g. some incretins secreted by the enteroendocrine system. DPP-IV has, therefore, become a novel therapeutic target for inhibitors that extend endogenously produced insulin half-life in diabetics, and several reviews have appeared in recent months concerning the clinical significance of CD26/DPP-IV. Biological fluids contain relatively high levels of soluble CD26 (sCD26). The physiological role of sCD26 and its relation, if any, to CD26 functions, remain poorly understood because whether the process for CD26 secretion and/or shedding from cell membranes is regulated or not is not known. Liver epithelium and lymphocytes are often cited as the most likely source of sCD26. It is important to establish which tissue or organ is the protein source as well as the circumstances that can provoke an abnormal presence/absence or altered levels in many diseases including cancer, so that sCD26 can be validated as a clinical marker or a therapeutic target. For example, we have previously reported low levels of sCD26 in the blood of colorectal cancer patients, which indicated the potential usefulness of the protein as a biomarker for this cancer in early diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis. Through this review, we envisage a role for sCD26 and the alteration of normal peptidase capacity (in clipping enteroendocrine or other peptides) in the complex crosstalk between the lymphoid lineage and, at least, some malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, r/Lopez de Marzoa s/n, Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Cordero OJ, De Chiara L, Lemos-González Y, Páez de la Cadena M, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ. How the measurements of a few serum markers can be combined to enhance their clinical values in the management of cancer. Anticancer Res 2008; 28:2333-2341. [PMID: 18751415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of potential molecular markers is constantly increasing. However, for most malignancies there is no simple test to detect early-stage tumours that is useful for screening purposes because most biomarkers have poor sensitivity or specificity, or other clinical value. One approach to increase their value is to measure several biomarkers at a time. The additional information should always yield a test more able to distinguish between patients and healthy individuals, and ideally between different kinds of tumour. Our work in colorectal, lung, and head and neck cancer, illustrates the evolution of this idea. A test in which ELISAs for key serum markers are arrayed based on immunoblot technology or flow cytometric beads is suggested because these techniques are more transferable to practical application in clinical decision making. Moreover, the multivariate data obtained from such a test can easily be managed with statistical methods already developed in the fields of genomics and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, School of Biology, CIBUS, Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Lemos-González Y, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ, Cordero OJ, Gómez C, Páez de la Cadena M. Alteration of the serum levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligands in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1569-78. [PMID: 17453000 PMCID: PMC2359945 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of the soluble epidermal growth factor receptor (sEGFR) and its ligands epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and amphiregulin (AR) were measured in healthy donors and patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck carcinoma (HNC). In NSCLC, we found sEGFR and EGF levels significantly lowered in patients with respect to healthy donors. In HNC patients, significantly diminished levels were found in the case of sEGFR, EGF and also AR. In both malignancies, no significant association was found between the serum levels of the molecules and the patients' gender, age or smoking habit. Only a significant association was found between the decrease of sEGFR and the absence of distant metastasis in NSCLC and the tumour stage in HNC. The most interesting result was that combining sEGFR and EGF, sensitivities of 88% in NSCLC and 100% in HNC were reached without losing specificity (97.8% in both cases). The use of discriminant analysis and logistic regression improved the sensitivity for NSCLC and the specificity for HNC. These data demonstrate a potentially interesting value of the serum levels of sEGFR and EGF, especially when combined, as markers for NSCLC and HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lemos-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Berrocal
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - O J Cordero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Gómez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Pizarro 22, 36204, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Páez de la Cadena
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- E-mail:
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Abstract
We studied an in vivo mouse model to evaluate the relationships between CD26--a glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity implicated in the regulation of immune functions--and T cells expressing the effector/memory phenotype CD45RB. We report that CD26 does not define a differentiation stage of CD4 T cells because the density and frequency of CD26 on CD4 T cells from the spleen, inguinal and mesenteric lymph node was similar within the CD45RB+ (naïve) and CD45RB- (antigen primed) subsets. This observation was confirmed using CD4 T cells from a T-cell receptor transgenic (tg) model. CD4 tg T cells specific for ovalbumin (OVA) were adoptively transferred and challenged in vivo with antigen. CD26 expression was the same on naive and antigen-stimulated CD4 T cells. Depleting CD4 T cells with an anti-CD4 antibody preferentially depleted the CD45RB+ subset. In CD4 depleted animals CD26 expression was not altered on the CD45RB- subset but the density of CD26 was marginally increased on the remaining CD45RB+ CD4 T cells. The results suggest that, unlike the human, CD26 in the mouse was not directly linked with T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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25
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Salgado FJ, Lojo J, Alonso-Lebrero JL, Lluis C, Franco R, Cordero OJ, Nogueira M. A role for interleukin-12 in the regulation of T cell plasma membrane compartmentation. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:24849-57. [PMID: 12676959 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212978200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse initiates the clustering and stabilization of the T cell receptor by the formation of a large lipid microdomain that accumulates (e.g. CD4/CD8) and segregates (e.g. CD45 and LFA-1) some proteins of the T cell plasma membrane. This work shows that a fraction of transmembrane glycoproteins CD26 and CD45 (the R0 isoform in particular) is present in the rafts of fresh and activated human T lymphocytes. CD26 is proposed as the costimulator of TCR-dependent activation, and CD45 is essential to the T cell activation process because it dephosphorylates at least the inhibitory site of Src kinases. These findings support a more complex model of compartmentation, depending on the stage of T cell maturation and post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation. In addition, interleukin 12 (IL-12; inducer of TH1 responses) drives CD26 and CD45R0 to particular microdomains, thereby involving interleukins in the rules governing raft inclusion or exclusion. The physical association of CD26 and CD45R0 has long been reported. The results presented in this work fit a model in which IL-12 up-regulates a certain type of CD26 expression that interacts on the cell surface with CD45R0, near but outside of the raft core. The use of antisense oligonucleotides for the CD26 mRNAs demonstrated that both events (enhanced by IL-12), CD26-CD45R0 association and membrane compartment redistribution, are related. Thus, CD26 could be part of a shuttling mechanism for CD45 that regulates membrane tyrosine-phosphatase activities, e.g. to control IL-12 receptor-dependent signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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26
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Lojo J, Salgado FJ, Nogueira M, Cordero OJ. CD26 is involved in the regulation of T-cell plasma membrane compartmentation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 524:145-53. [PMID: 12675234 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47920-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lojo
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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27
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Salgado FJ, Lojo J, Fernández-Alonso CM, Viñuela J, Cordero OJ, Nogueira M. Interleukin-dependent modulation of HLA-DR expression on CD4and CD8 activated T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2002; 80:138-47. [PMID: 11940114 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1711.2002.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary Interleukins (IL) regulate different T-cell surface Ag known as activation markers that have distinct functional roles. In this paper, while studying the influence of some cytokines(IL-12, IL-2 and IL-4) on the expression of several markers [CD69,CD25, CD26, CD3, human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR), CD45R0] in in vitro activated human T lymphocytes, we observed two groups of donors responding to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activation with high or low HLA-DRAg expression. We also found that CD4 and CD8 populations had different HLA-DR densities under PHA activation (particularly the high HLA-DR-expressing group). Interleukins, in a dose-dependent manner (IL-2 partially),upregulated these HLA-DR levels. In 5 day cultures, IL-12 and IL-2 enhanced the CD8/CD4 ratio of activated T cells,which was responsible, in part, for the IL-dependent HLA-DR upregulation.IL-12 and IL-2 also upregulated the HLA-DR expression at the molecular level on CD8, and IL-12 downregulated it on CD4 cells. It seems that IL-4 upregulated HLA-DR by shortening the mitogen-dependent regulation kinetics. We hypothesize that the different effect of each IL on HLA-DR expression might be related to the regulation of the dose of antigenic peptide presentation and, thus, also influence TH1/TH2 dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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28
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Cordero OJ, Salgado FJ, Fernández-Alonso CM, Herrera C, Lluis C, Franco R, Nogueira M. Cytokines regulate membrane adenosine deaminase on human activated lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 70:920-30. [PMID: 11739555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD26 is a lymphocyte marker that can anchor adenosine deaminase (ADA) on the T cell surface. We found that ADA is regulated by cytokines on the cell surface during T cell activation. By means of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting techniques, we found that interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 up-regulate ecto-ADA and CD26 expression. In clear contrast, IL-4 led to down-regulation of lymphocyte surface ADA without modifying the level of CD26. Moreover, neither circulating ADA transcription nor mRNA translation was regulated by cytokines. These results, along with absence of total-ADA modulation, the variable amount of ADA found in purified plasma membranes, and the different effect of Brefeldin A on the surface presence of ADA and CD26 indicated that cytokines regulate the translocation of ADA towards the cell surface through a mechanism not involving CD26. Ecto-ADA protected activated lymphocytes from the toxic effects of extracellular adenosine. Therefore, this cell surface ADA control might constitute part of the fine immunoregulatory mechanism of adenosine-mediated signaling through purinergic receptors in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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29
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Cordero OJ, Salgado FJ, Fernández‐Alonso CM, Herrera C, Lluis C, Franco R, Nogueira M. Cytokines regulate membrane adenosine deaminase on human activated lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.70.6.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J. Cordero
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Francisco J. Salgado
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Carmen M. Fernández‐Alonso
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08108 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lluis
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08108 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, 08108 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Nogueira
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela
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30
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Cordero OJ, Salgado FJ, Mera-Varela A, Nogueira M. Serum interleukin-12, interleukin-15, soluble CD26, and adenosine deaminase in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2001; 21:69-74. [PMID: 11732862 DOI: 10.1007/s002960100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CD26, a transmembrane ectoenzyme, is overexpressed on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) peripheral blood T cells. As it has been recently described that IL-12 and IL-15 upregulate CD26 in vitro, we hypothesized that this CD26 overexpression might be interleukin dependent. The concentrations of IL-12 and IL-15, and soluble CD26 and adenosine deaminase (enzymes related to CD26) were analyzed in the serum of 35 patients with active and inactive RA and of healthy control subjects. IL-12 and IL-15 levels were significantly higher in patients' serum, independently of disease activity, even in patients on steroid therapy, i.e., the present therapies cannot eradicate their origin. Soluble CD26 was significantly reduced and related to the disease activity. In particular, it correlated inversely with the number of swollen joints. Although these data did not support our hypothesis, they support that interleukins not only initiate RA pathology but they can also participate in the maintenance of this immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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31
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Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha) is a highly conserved and widely distributed protein whose physiological functions remain elusive. In previous work we identified high and low affinity-binding sites for ProTalpha in lymphoid cells. Here we demonstrate, by affinity cross-linking and affinity chromatography, the existence of three binding partners (31, 29, and 19 kDa) for ProTalpha in the membrane of PHA-activated lymphoblasts. These surface molecules possess the expected affinity and specificity for a ProTalpha receptor. Examination of the expression of this complex of molecules by flow cytometry reveals that they bind ProTalpha in a specific and saturable way. In addition, the distribution of the receptor on the cell surface was studied by fluorescence microscopy; a cap-like structure at one of the poles of the cells was identified. These results represent a new and promising approach in the research on ProTalpha, opening the way toward the understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piñeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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32
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Cordero OJ, Merino A, Páez de la Cadena M, Bugía B, Nogueira M, Viñuela JE, Martínez-Zorzano VS, de Carlos A, Rodríguez-Berrocal FJ. Cell surface human alpha-L-fucosidase. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:3321-31. [PMID: 11389735 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The acid alpha-L-fucosidase is usually found as a soluble component of lysosomes where fucoglycoconjugates are degraded. In the present investigation, we have demonstrated the existence of a cell surface protein with enzymatic alpha-L-fucosidase activity that crossreacts specifically with a rabbit anti-(alpha-L-fucosidase) Ig. By different approaches, this alpha-L-fucosidase, which represents 10-20% of the total cellular fucosidase activity, was detected in all the tested human cells (hemopoietic, epithelial, mesenchymal). Two bands of approximately 43-49 kDa were observed, although theoretical data support the possibility of having the same genetic origin that the known 50 to 55-kDa Mr alpha-L-fucosidase. We speculate about an alternative traffic pathway for the plasma membrane alpha-L-fucosidase to work on the rapid turnover of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Biology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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33
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Cordero OJ, Ayude D, Nogueira M, Rodriguez-Berrocal FJ, de la Cadena MP. Preoperative serum CD26 levels: diagnostic efficiency and predictive value for colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2000; 83:1139-46. [PMID: 11027426 PMCID: PMC2363587 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26 is an ectoenzyme with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity expressed on a variety of cell types. Although the function of the high concentration of serum-soluble CD26 (sCD26) is unknown, it may be related to the cleavage of biologically active polypeptides. As CD26 or enzymatic activity levels were previously associated with cancer, we examined the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of preoperative sCD26 measurements by ELISA in colorectal carcinoma patients. We found a highly significant difference between sCD26 levels in healthy donors (mean 559.7 +/- 125.5 microg l(-1)) and cancer patients (mean 261.7 +/- 138.1 microg l(-1)) (P< 0.001). A cut-off at 410 microg l(-1)gave 90% sensitivity with 90% specificity which means that the diagnostic efficiency of sCD26 is higher than that shown by other markers, particularly in patients at early stages. Moreover, sCD26 as a variable is not related with Dukes' stage classification, age, gender, tumour location or degree of differentiation. With a follow-up of 2 years until recurrence, preliminary data show that sCD26 can be managed as a prognostic variable of early carcinoma patients. In addition, the origin of sCD26 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain
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34
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Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTalpha) is a highly acidic and small protein of only 111 amino acids with an unusual primary structure. One would expected it to play an essential role in the organism, as it has a wide distribution and is high conserved among mammals, yet its exact function remains elusive. Despite the number of effects described for ProTalpha, intracellular and extracellular, none are accepted as its physiological role. Furthermore, many other aspects of its biology still remain obscure. In this review, we discuss the structural properties, location, gene family, functions and immunomodulatory activities of and cellular receptors for ProTalpha. These topics are addressed in an attempt to reconcile opposing outlooks while emphasizing those points where scant investigations do exist. We have also re-evaluated some previous results in light of the structural properties of ProTalpha and have found that molecular mimetism could be the underlying basis. This molecular mimicry hypothesis provides a clue that must not be overlooked for a realistic appraisal of future results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piñeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela. 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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35
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Salgado FJ, Vela E, Martín M, Franco R, Nogueira M, Cordero OJ. Mechanisms of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV cytokine-dependent regulation on human activated lymphocytes. Cytokine 2000; 12:1136-41. [PMID: 10880264 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the cellular pathways activated by IL-12, we had previously found that both the percentage and intensity of CD26(+)cells in the PHA-stimulated T cells increased when IL-12 was present (independently of its CD4 or CD8 phenotype). Now, we examined the molecular mechanisms of this IL-12-mediated effect. The IL-12 regulation pathway is dependent of de novo protein synthesis and independent of cytokine secretion. Our results show two transcripts for CD26 in PBMC for the first time and no regulation by ILs at this level. Furthermore, secretion of the serum forms of CD26/DPPIV were not affected by IL-12. Interestingly, assays with neutralizing mAbs against TNF-alpha suggest that this cytokine negatively modulates CD26 expression. The fact that translation and probably translocation of CD26 toward the cell surface can be regulated by IL-12 and TNF-alpha reveals new aspects about the control of this T(H1)marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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36
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Cordero OJ, Piñeiro A, Nogueira M. Thymic peptides and preparations: an update. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 1999; 47:77-82. [PMID: 10202559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibilities of thymic peptides in human therapy are still being described. Here, we focus on their general characteristics and on recent advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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37
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Mirabet M, Herrera C, Cordero OJ, Mallol J, Lluis C, Franco R. Expression of A2B adenosine receptors in human lymphocytes: their role in T cell activation. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 4):491-502. [PMID: 9914161 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.4.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine has a key role in the development and function of the cells of the immune system. Many of the adenosine actions seem to be mediated by specific surface receptors positively coupled to adenylate cyclase: A2A and A2B. Despite the fact that A2A receptors (A2ARs) can be easily studied due to the availability of the specific agonist CGS21680, a pharmacological and physiological characterization of adenosine A2B receptors (A2BRs) in lymphocytes has not been possible due to the lack of suitable reagents. Here we report the generation and characterization of a polyclonal antipeptide antibody raised against the third extracellular loop of the A2BR human clone which is useful for immunocytochemical studies. This antibody has permitted the detection of A2BR+ cells in lymphocyte samples isolated from human peripheral blood. The pharmacology of cAMP-producing compounds is consistent with the presence of functional A2BRs but not of A2A receptors in these human cells. The percentage of A2BR-expressing cells was similar in the CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cell subpopulations. Interestingly activation signals delivered by either phytohemagglutinin or anti-T cell receptor/CD3 complex antibodies led to a significant increase in both the percentage of cells expressing the receptor and the intensity of the labeling. These receptors are functional since interleukin-2 production in these cells is reduced by NECA but not by R-PIA or CGS21680. These results show that A2BR expression is regulated in T cell activation and suggest that the role of adenosine in lymphocyte deactivation is mediated by A2BRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirabet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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38
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Abstract
Recently, we reported that IL-12 increased expression and function of CD26/DPPIV, this may be a new cellular pathway of the Th1-like immune responses. Here, we looked for a specific subset which would respond to CD26 upregulation by IL-12. Contrary to previously described results, under our culture conditions (1 microg/ml of PHA), IL-12 enhanced preferentially the CD8 cell proliferation. By using dual fluorescence analysis, IL-12-dependent CD26 expression was found in both CD4 and CD8 (previously CD26+ or CD26-) activated T cells and, moreover, the CD45RO percentage was unaffected. However, the density of CD45RO Ag (which was reported to coexpress with CD26) was impaired. These effects can be implicated in the biological functions of IL-12 and provide some clinical possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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39
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Cordero OJ, Salgado FJ, Viñuela JE, Nogueira M. Interleukin-12 enhances CD26 expression and dipeptidyl peptidase IV function on human activated lymphocytes. Immunobiology 1997; 197:522-33. [PMID: 9413751 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(97)80084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Research of a cellular pathway activated by IL-12 which may result in new therapeutical approaches for IL-12, led us to find an intriguing relationship between IL-12 and CD26/DPPIV ectopeptidase on activated T cells. Both the percentage and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD26+ cells in the PHA-stimulated PBMC or lymphoblasts increased when IL-12 (optimum dose, 2 ng/ml) was present. Maximum CD26 expression was observed on day-2 cultures of lymphoblasts, the presence of IL-12 receptor probably being necessary for this upregulation. In addition, CD26 upregulation correlated with enhanced DPPIV function. Enzyme affinity and secretion of the soluble form of DPPIV were not affected by IL-12. Kinetic behaviours of Ag expression and enzymatic activity support a different CD26 regulation pathway by IL-12. These data suggest that the correlation found in vivo between the CD26 expression and Th1-like immune responses is due to this IL-12-dependent upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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40
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidate de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Bioloxía, Spain.
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Abstract
The important immunological activities of Thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1), a peptide derived from the thymus, led to its use in combination therapies in cancer patients. Prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) is a highly acidic polypeptide, first isolated as the putative precursor of T alpha 1. However ProT alpha is now known to be more immunoreactive than T alpha 1 in certain in vivo and in vitro assays. Recent results indicate that ProT alpha may be useful to design future therapeutic interventions in cancer patients if the mechanisms underlying these effects are puzzled out. With this in mind, we radiolabeled ProT alpha to obtain a high specific activity and a high biological activity for 125I-ProT alpha. Moreover, we also obtained autoantibodies exhibiting high titers and an unique specificity for anti-ProT alpha and anti-T alpha 1. With both tools we studied the presence of binding sites for ProT alpha on the surface of lymphoblast cells. We conclude that ProT alpha binds through the non-T alpha 1 sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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43
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Abstract
Recent results indicate that prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) may be useful in designing future therapeutic interventions in cancer patients and in potentiating the immune system. We described recently the presence and characteristics of two binding sites for ProT alpha on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In search of a receptor upregulation, we decided to corroborate this finding on two lymphocytic populations, (PHA-activated) lymphoblasts and YT cells. The kinetics of [125I]ProT alpha binding to lymphoblasts were fast at room temperature but with YT cells were slower. Analysis of steady-state binding data identified two binding sites in lymphoblasts with an apparent equilibrium Kd of 44-75 pM and 4228-9143 sites per cell for the high-affinity receptor and 1.7-2.9 nM and 20,534-35,044 sites per cell for the low-affinity receptor. However, it identified only one site with a Kd of 265-435 pM and 8318-27,237 sites per cell in YT cells. We conclude that exists a ProT alpha receptor in the CD3+ T cell population, and this presence is regulated. After binding to cell surface, [125I]ProT alpha is internalized in a short period of time and then degraded; therefore, we conclude that the dynamics of ProT alpha receptor turnover in part determines the concentration of ProT alpha available to induce its enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of offtiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Cordero OJ, Sarandeses C, López-Rodríguez JL, Nogueira M. The presence and cytotoxicity of CD16+ CD2- subset from PBL and NK cells in long-term IL-2 cultures enhanced by Prothymosin-alpha. Immunopharmacology 1995; 29:215-23. [PMID: 7542644 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(95)00057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the LAK cell subpopulation on which Prothymosin-alpha (ProT alpha) exerts its enhancing effect on cytotoxicity. We investigated the role of ProT alpha on LAK induction from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and NK-enriched cells, both cultured for 5 weeks with IL-2 and ProT alpha. The different cultures were separated into several subsets throughout the culture time using two color fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and CD56, CD16, CD2 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Each cell subset was then tested for cytotoxicity against K562 and Daudi cells. The CD16+ CD2- subset from both, PBL and NK-enriched cells, was the only subset on which ProT alpha had an effect, significantly enhancing this subpopulation. Within the CD16 population, the cells CD16+ CD2+ were the most cytotoxic, although CD16+ CD2- cells were also cytotoxic. ProT alpha only potentiated the cytotoxicity of CD16+ CD2- subset significantly, with 29% and 41% for K562 and Daudi cells, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- CD2 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD2 Antigens/drug effects
- CD2 Antigens/immunology
- CD56 Antigen
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD8 Antigens/drug effects
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/pharmacology
- Receptors, IgG/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgG/drug effects
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Thymosin/analogs & derivatives
- Thymosin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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López-Rodríguez JL, Cordero OJ, Sarandeses C, Viñuela J, Nogueira M. Interleukin-2 killer cells: in vitro evaluation of combination with prothymosin alpha. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1994; 13:175-82. [PMID: 7948426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent inducer of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity against both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant tumor cell lines. IL-2 therapy has been associated with clinical responses, but these responses have occurred only with high, toxic doses of the cytokine. Since prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) is able to enhance the spontaneous NK activity of cells from normal donors, we studied the effect of ProT alpha on LAK activity by IL-2. The lysis of K562 and Daudi cells by effector cells cultured with IL-2 was increased time dependently when cultures also contained ProT alpha. PBLC was separated by discontinuous density centrifugation in the LGL-enriched fractions. Within the CD16+ population, all effector cell precursors were CD2+, but the effector population after IL-2 or IL-2 + ProT alpha activation also contained CD16+CD2- cells; the CD2 molecule is thus indispensable for induction of LAK activity by IL-2 or IL-2 + ProT alpha but not for the action of activated LAK cells (or for the enhancing effect of ProT alpha). Within the CD3- CD16+ LGL population, 5 micrograms/ml ProT alpha plus 50 U/ml IL-2 was able to induce p70 IL-2R expression to a similar extent to 100 U/ml of IL-2. The use of ProT alpha to enhance the induction of LAK activity by IL-2 may be able to improve immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L López-Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abstract
125I-Labeled prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) was used to study the presence and characteristics of receptors for ProT alpha on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The kinetics of 125I-ProT alpha binding to PBMC was fast at 37 degrees C, whilst it required 50 min to reach equilibrium at 4 degrees C and room temperature. Analysis of steady state binding data by the method of Scatchard and by unlabeled ProT alpha competition experiments identified two binding sites with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of 216-321 pM for the high-affinity receptor and of 11.4-21.1 nM for the low-affinity one; the sites per cell ranged from 1,479 to 1,519 and from 47,547 to 56,169, respectively. The kinetically derived equilibrium dissociation constant agreed with these data and showed no interaction between receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Cordero OJ, Sarandeses CS, López JL, Nogueira M. Prothymosin alpha enhances human natural killer cell cytotoxicity: role in mediating signals for NK activity. Lymphokine Cytokine Res 1992; 11:277-85. [PMID: 1467368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) on the in vitro NK activity of various human cell populations obtained by successive purification of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) and CD16+ cells. The results of this study indicate that ProT alpha is able to enhance the spontaneous NK activity of cells from normal donors. This effect was time and dose dependent in the range 7 to 350 nM, occurred over a wide range of effector/target cell ratios, and appeared not to require the presence of accessory cells. In addition, ProT alpha exhibited additive effects with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Finally our data suggest that the effect of ProT alpha enhancing the NK cell cytotoxicity appears to involve enhancement of p70 IL-2R expression and internalization of IL-2, and was independent of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Cordero OJ, Sarandeses CS, López JL, Cancio E, Regueiro BJ, Nogueira M. Prothymosin alpha enhances interleukin 2 receptor expression in normal human T-lymphocytes. Int J Immunopharmacol 1991; 13:1059-65. [PMID: 1814846 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the enhancement, by prothymosin alpha (Pro alpha), of the phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is due to its affect on the number of cells expressing the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) or the surface density of IL-2R on PBMC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 21 donors. For both an optimal phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) concentration (H) and a 10-fold dilution (L), their responses fell in two classes, high (h) and low (l), making four dose--response situations. Pro alpha significantly increased the number and IL-2R density of cells expressing IL-2R only when the response in its absence was about half maximal, i.e. for PBMC responding well to the low PHA stimulus (group Lh) or PBMC responding poorly to the optimal stimulus (group Hl). The enhancement of IL-2R expression in group Lh by Pro alpha was dose-dependent and paralleled by increased proliferative response. It appears not to be mediated by IL-2, since it was unaffected when IL-2 production was suppressed by cyclosporin A. The early interaction of Pro alpha with lymphocytes did not require the presence of macrophages, but macrophages were necessary during lymphocyte activation for modulation of PHA-stimulated IL-2R expression to be affected. The immunoregulatory activity of Pro alpha may prove useful for improving the decreased T-cell function associated with immunodeficiency, or for restoration of normal IL-2R expression by the lymphocytes of aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Spain
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Cordero OJ, Sarandeses CS, Nogueira M. Phytohemagglutin-stimulated human T cell: prothymosin alpha as an accessory signal. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 1990; 4:7-12. [PMID: 2399834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thymic peptide factors are known to modulate proliferation of normal human lymphocytes. In this work, we studied the effect of Prothymosin alpha (Pro alpha) on PHA-stimulated PBMC and PBLC. The observed effects of Pro alpha and thymosin alpha 1 (alpha 1) on PBMC were found to depend on the degree of cell stimulation, dose, and preincubation-time. Thymosin beta 4 (beta 4) had no effect on either cell type, regardless of the degree of stimulation, which shows that beta 4 may be used as a control peptide to work in this area. Induction of lymphoproliferation also depended on the presence of macrophages. Addition of monocytes or a cell-free monocyte culture supernatant (not containing IL-2) to the PHA-stimulated PBLC cultures resulted in T cell proliferation. Although IL-1 could not restore the PHA-induced proliferative response of isolated T cells by itself, it would enhance the helper effect of Pro alpha. Moreover, a polyclonal goat anti-human IL-2R (Tac Ag) did block the proliferative response induced by combined rIL-1 and Pro alpha, suggesting that an IL-2-dependent pathway of T cell proliferation was involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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