1
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Myslivecek J. Multitargeting nature of muscarinic orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974160. [PMID: 36148314 PMCID: PMC9486310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) are typical members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and exist in five subtypes from M1 to M5. Muscarinic receptor subtypes do not sufficiently differ in affinity to orthosteric antagonists or agonists; therefore, the analysis of receptor subtypes is complicated, and misinterpretations can occur. Usually, when researchers mainly specialized in CNS and peripheral functions aim to study mAChR involvement in behavior, learning, spinal locomotor networks, biological rhythms, cardiovascular physiology, bronchoconstriction, gastrointestinal tract functions, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease, they use orthosteric ligands and they do not use allosteric ligands. Moreover, they usually rely on manufacturers' claims that could be misleading. This review aimed to call the attention of researchers not deeply focused on mAChR pharmacology to this fact. Importantly, limited selective binding is not only a property of mAChRs but is a general attribute of most neurotransmitter receptors. In this review, we want to give an overview of the most common off-targets for established mAChR ligands. In this context, an important point is a mention the tremendous knowledge gap on off-targets for novel compounds compared to very well-established ligands. Therefore, we will summarize reported affinities and give an outline of strategies to investigate the subtype's function, thereby avoiding ambiguous results. Despite that, the multitargeting nature of drugs acting also on mAChR could be an advantage when treating such diseases as schizophrenia. Antipsychotics are a perfect example of a multitargeting advantage in treatment. A promising strategy is the use of allosteric ligands, although some of these ligands have also been shown to exhibit limited selectivity. Another new direction in the development of muscarinic selective ligands is functionally selective and biased agonists. The possible selective ligands, usually allosteric, will also be listed. To overcome the limited selectivity of orthosteric ligands, the recommended process is to carefully examine the presence of respective subtypes in specific tissues via knockout studies, carefully apply "specific" agonists/antagonists at appropriate concentrations and then calculate the probability of a specific subtype involvement in specific functions. This could help interested researchers aiming to study the central nervous system functions mediated by the muscarinic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Myslivecek
- Institute of Physiology, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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2
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Ayre J, Redmond JM, Vitulli G, Tomlinson L, Weaver R, Comeo E, Bosquillon C, Stocks MJ. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Lung-Retentive Prodrugs for Extending the Lung Tissue Retention of Inhaled Drugs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9802-9818. [PMID: 35798565 PMCID: PMC9340777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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A major limitation
of pulmonary delivery is that drugs can exhibit
suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles resulting from rapid elimination
from the pulmonary tissue. This can lead to systemic side effects
and a short duration of action. A series of dibasic dipeptides attached
to the poorly lung-retentive muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist piperidin-4-yl
2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetate (1) through a pH-sensitive-linking
group have been evaluated. Extensive optimization resulted in 1-(((R)-2-((S)-2,6-diaminohexanamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy)ethyl
4-(2-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetoxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (23), which combined very good in vitro stability and
very high rat lung binding. Compound 23 progressed to
pharmacokinetic studies in rats, where, at 24 h post dosing in the
rat lung, the total lung concentration of 23 was 31.2
μM. In addition, high levels of liberated drug 1 were still detected locally, demonstrating the benefit of this novel
prodrug approach for increasing the apparent pharmacokinetic half-life
of drugs in the lungs following pulmonary dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ayre
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joanna M Redmond
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Giovanni Vitulli
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laura Tomlinson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Richard Weaver
- XenoGesis Ltd, Discovery Building, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, U.K
| | - Eleonora Comeo
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Cynthia Bosquillon
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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3
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Ge X, Mo Y, Xing G, Ji L, Zhao H, Chen J, He B, Chen X, Xing R, Li X, Zhao Y, Li J, Yan H, Woo AYH, Zhang Y, Lin B, Pan L, Cheng M. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 2-amino-2-phenylethanol derivatives as novel β 2-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Chem 2018; 79:155-162. [PMID: 29751321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-amino-2-phenylethanol derivatives were developed as β2-adrenoceptor agonists. Among them, 2-amino-3-fluoro-5-(2-hydroxy-1-(isopropylamino)ethyl)benzonitrile (compound 2f) exhibited the highest activity (EC50 = 0.25 nM) in stimulating β2-adrenoceptor-mediated cellular cAMP production with a 763.6-fold selectivity over the β1-adrenoceptor. The (S)-isomer of 2f was subsequently found to be 8.5-fold more active than the (R)-isomer. Molecular docking was performed to determine the putative binding modes of this new class of β2-adrenoceptor agonists. Taken together, these data show that compound 2f is a promising lead compound worthy of further study for the development of β2-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongmei Mo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuyao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haining Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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4
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Perry MWD, Björhall K, Bonn B, Carlsson J, Chen Y, Eriksson A, Fredlund L, Hao H, Holden NS, Karabelas K, Lindmark H, Liu F, Pemberton N, Petersen J, Rodrigo Blomqvist S, Smith RW, Svensson T, Terstiege I, Tyrchan C, Yang W, Zhao S, Öster L. Design and Synthesis of Soluble and Cell-Permeable PI3Kδ Inhibitors for Long-Acting Inhaled Administration. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5057-5071. [PMID: 28520415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase that is believed to be important in the migration and activation of cells of the immune system. Inhibition is hypothesized to provide a powerful yet selective immunomodulatory effect that may be beneficial for the treatment of conditions such as asthma or rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, we describe the identification of inhibitors based on a thiazolopyridone core structure and their subsequent optimization for inhalation. The initially identified compound (13) had good potency and isoform selectivity but was not suitable for inhalation. Addition of basic substituents to a region of the molecule pointing to solvent was tolerated (enzyme inhibition pIC50 > 9), and by careful manipulation of the pKa and lipophilicity, we were able to discover compounds (20b, 20f) with good lung retention and cell potency that could be taken forward to in vivo studies where significant target engagement could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W D Perry
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Karin Björhall
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Britta Bonn
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Yunhua Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Hai'e Hao
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Neil S Holden
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kostas Karabelas
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Feifei Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Nils Pemberton
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Rodrigo Blomqvist
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Reed W Smith
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tor Svensson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ina Terstiege
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg , Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wenzhen Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , No. 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
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5
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Arias-Montaño JA, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Martínez CF, López-Cabrera Y, Castillo-Hernández MC, Padilla-Martínez II, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Insights on the role of boron containing moieties in the design of new potent and efficient agonists targeting the β2 adrenoceptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:820-5. [PMID: 25592716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of β2 adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists is of increasing interest because of their wide-ranging applications in medicine, particularly for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Regarding the relaxation of smooth muscle that lines airways of mammals, some boron-containing adducts have demonstrated greater potency and efficacy compared to well-known boron-free compounds. We herein report the design and synthesis as well as the chemical and pharmacological characterization of a new boron-containing compound: ((R)-6-((S)-2-(tert-butylammonio)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-isobutyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3,2] dioxaborinin-2-uide). Compared to its precursor (salbutamol), this compound induced relaxation of smooth muscle in guinea pig tracheal rings with greater potency and efficacy (EC50⩽28.02nM). Theoretical studies suggest the potential selectivity of this boron containing compound on the orthosteric site of beta adrenoceptors and/or signaling pathways, as well as the importance of the tetracoordinated boron atom in its structure for binding recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico.
| | - José A Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian F Hernández-Martínez
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Yessica López-Cabrera
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria C Castillo-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
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6
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Montuschi P, Ciabattoni G. Bronchodilating Drugs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Status and Future Trends. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4131-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciabattoni
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
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7
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Arnold N, Beattie D, Bradley M, Brearley A, Brown L, Charlton SJ, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard J, Fullerton J, Gosling M, Hatto J, Janus D, Jones D, Jordan L, Lewis C, Maas J, McCarthy C, Mercer M, Oakman H, Press N, Profit R, Schuerch F, Sykes D, Taylor RJ, Trifilieff A, Tuffnell A. The identification of 7-[(R)-2-((1S,2S)-2-benzyloxycyclopentylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxybenzothiazolone as an inhaled long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Jacobsen JR, Aggen JB, Church TJ, Klein U, Pfeiffer JW, Pulido-Rios TM, Thomas GR, Yu C, Moran EJ. Multivalent design of long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists incorporating biarylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2625-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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McKinnell RM, Klein U, Linsell MS, Moran EJ, Nodwell MB, Pfeiffer JW, Thomas GR, Yu C, Jacobsen JR. Discovery of TD-4306, a long-acting β2-agonist for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2871-6. [PMID: 24835980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent approach focused on amine-based secondary binding groups was applied to the discovery of long-acting inhaled β2-agonists. Addition of amine moieties to the neutral secondary binding group of an existing β2-agonist series was found to provide improved in vivo efficacy, but also led to the formation of biologically active aldehyde metabolites which were viewed as a risk for the development of these compounds. Structural simplification of the scaffold and blocking the site of metabolism to prevent aldehyde formation afforded a potent series of dibasic β2-agonists with improved duration of action relative to their monobasic analogs. Additional optimization led to the discovery of 29 (TD-4306), a potent and selective β2-agonist with potential for once-daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murray McKinnell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Uwe Klein
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martin S Linsell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edmund J Moran
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - G Roger Thomas
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cecile Yu
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John R Jacobsen
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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10
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Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Dixon J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Young A. Discovery of AZD3199, An Inhaled Ultralong Acting β2 Receptor Agonist with Rapid Onset of Action. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:416-21. [PMID: 24900851 DOI: 10.1021/ml4005232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dibasic des-hydroxy β2 receptor agonists has been prepared and evaluated for potential as inhaled ultralong acting bronchodilators. Determination of activities at the human β-adrenoreceptors demonstrated a series of highly potent and selective β2 receptor agonists that were progressed to further study in a guinea pig histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model. Following further assessment by onset studies in guinea pig tracheal rings and human bronchial rings contracted with methacholine (guinea pigs) or carbachol (humans), duration of action studies in guinea pigs after intratracheal (i.t.) administration and further selectivity and safety profiling AZD3199 was shown to have an excellent over all profile and was progressed into clinical evaluation as a new ultralong acting inhaled β2 receptor agonist with rapid onset of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Roger Bonnert
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Jadeen Christie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Dixon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Connolly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alice Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alexander Humphries
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Ingall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Jordan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alex Mullen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - David Nicholls
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stuart Paine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
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11
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Procopiou PA, Barrett VJ, Biggadike K, Butchers PR, Craven A, Ford AJ, Guntrip SB, Holmes DS, Hughes SC, Jones AE, Looker BE, Mutch PJ, Ruston M, Needham D, Smith CE. Discovery of a Rapidly Metabolized, Long-Acting β2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist with a Short Onset Time Incorporating a Sulfone Group Suitable for Once-Daily Dosing. J Med Chem 2013; 57:159-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Barrett
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Biggadike
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Butchers
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Craven
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Ford
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Guntrip
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan S. Holmes
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sara C. Hughes
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Jones
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Brian E. Looker
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Mutch
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ruston
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Needham
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Smith
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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12
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Fragkaki AG, Georgakopoulos C, Sterk S, Nielen MWF. Sports doping: emerging designer and therapeutic β2-agonists. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:242-58. [PMID: 23954776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-adrenergic agonists, or β2-agonists, are considered essential bronchodilator drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptom-relievers and, in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, as disease-controllers. The use of β2-agonists is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to claimed anabolic effects, and also, is prohibited as growth promoters in cattle fattening in the European Union. This paper reviews the last seven-year (2006-2012) literature concerning the development of novel β2-agonists molecules either by modifying the molecule of known β2-agonists or by introducing moieties producing indole-, adamantyl- or phenyl urea derivatives. New emerging β2-agonists molecules for future therapeutic use are also presented, intending to emphasize their potential use for doping purposes or as growth promoters in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Fragkaki
- Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens "Spyros Louis", Kifisias 37, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
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13
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Jacobsen JR, Choi SK, Combs J, Fournier EJL, Klein U, Pfeiffer JW, Thomas GR, Yu C, Moran EJ. A multivalent approach to the discovery of long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:1213-8. [PMID: 22178551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent approach was applied to the design of long-acting inhaled β(2)-adrenoceptor agonists. A series of dimeric arylethanolamines based on the short acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist albuterol were prepared, varying the nature and length of the linker between the basic nitrogens. None of the C(2)-symmetric dimers demonstrated increased potency, however dimer 5j, derived from 4-phenethylamine, was found to have increased binding potency in vitro relative to the parent monomer. Optimization of this structure led to the identification of 22 (milveterol) which demonstrates high potency in vitro and long duration of action in a guinea pig model of bronchoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Jacobsen
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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14
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Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Cadogan E, Connolly S, Jewell R, Jordan S, Kindon N, Lister A, Lawson M, Mullen A, Dainty I, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Stocks MJ, Thorne P, Young A. From libraries to candidate: the discovery of new ultra long-acting dibasic β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:689-95. [PMID: 22079756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Libraries of dibasic compounds designed around the molecular scaffold of the DA(2)/β(2) dual agonist sibenadet (Viozan™) have yielded a number of promising starting points that have been further optimised into novel potent and selective target molecules with required pharmacokinetic properties. From a shortlist, 31 was discovered as a novel, high potency, and highly efficacious β(2)-agonist with high selectivity and a duration of action commensurable with once daily dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, UK.
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