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Cruz KP, Petersen ALOA, Amorim MF, Pinho AGSF, Palma LC, Dantas DAS, Silveira MRG, Silva CSA, Cordeiro ALJ, Oliveira IG, Pita GB, Souza BCA, Bomfim GC, Brodskyn CI, Fraga DBM, Lima IS, de_Santana MBR, Teixeira HMP, de_Menezes JPB, Santos WLC, Veras PST. Intraperitoneal Administration of 17-DMAG as an Effective Treatment against Leishmania braziliensis Infection in BALB/c Mice: A Preclinical Study. Pathogens 2024; 13:630. [PMID: 39204231 PMCID: PMC11357173 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a significant global public health issue that is caused by parasites from Leishmania genus. With limited treatment options and rising drug resistance, there is a pressing need for new therapeutic approaches. Molecular chaperones, particularly Hsp90, play a crucial role in parasite biology and are emerging as promising targets for drug development. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the efficacy of 17-DMAG in treating BALB/c mice from cutaneous leishmaniasis through in vitro and in vivo approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 17-DMAG's cytotoxic effect on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ) and its effects against L. braziliensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Additionally, we tested the compound's efficacy in BALB/c mice infected with L. braziliensis via intraperitoneal administration to evaluate the reduction in lesion size and the decrease in parasite load in the ears and lymph nodes of infected animals. RESULTS 17-DMAG showed selective toxicity [selective index = 432) towards Leishmania amastigotes, causing minimal damage to host cells. The treatment significantly reduced lesion sizes in mice and resulted in parasite clearance from ears and lymph nodes. It also diminished inflammatory responses and reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF) and the regulatory cytokine IL-10, underscoring its dual leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the potential of 17-DMAG as a viable treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis and support further research into its mechanisms and potential applications against other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kercia P. Cruz
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Antonio L. O. A. Petersen
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
- Baiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology—Santa Inês Campus, BR 420, Santa Inês Road, Rural Zone, Ubaíra 45320-000, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina F. Amorim
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Alan G. S. F. Pinho
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Luana C. Palma
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Diana A. S. Dantas
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Mariana R. G. Silveira
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Carine S. A. Silva
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Ana Luiza J. Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Izabella G. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Gabriella B. Pita
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Bianca C. A. Souza
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (B.C.A.S.); (I.S.L.); (W.L.C.S.)
| | - Gilberto C. Bomfim
- Laboratory of Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution, Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Cláudia I. Brodskyn
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Deborah B. M. Fraga
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq)
| | - Isadora S. Lima
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (B.C.A.S.); (I.S.L.); (W.L.C.S.)
| | - Maria B. R. de_Santana
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Helena M. P. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Juliana P. B. de_Menezes
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
| | - Washington L. C. Santos
- Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Pathology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (B.C.A.S.); (I.S.L.); (W.L.C.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Bahia Medical School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-906, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S. T. Veras
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil; (K.P.C.); (A.L.O.A.P.); (M.F.A.); (A.G.S.F.P.); (L.C.P.); (D.A.S.D.); (M.R.G.S.); (C.S.A.S.); (A.L.J.C.); (I.G.O.); (G.B.P.); (C.I.B.); (D.B.M.F.); (M.B.R.d.); (H.M.P.T.); (J.P.B.d.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq)
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Tassone G, Mazzorana M, Pozzi C. Structural Basis of Parasitic HSP90 ATPase Inhibition by Small Molecules. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1341. [PMID: 36355513 PMCID: PMC9692773 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites are responsible for several harmful and widespread human diseases that cause high morbidity and mortality. Currently available treatments have serious limitations due to poor efficiency, strong adverse effects, and high cost. Hence, the identification of new targets and the development of specific drug therapies against parasitic diseases are urgent needs. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that plays a key role in parasite survival during the various differentiation stages, spread over the vector insect and the human host, which they undergo during their life cycle. The N-terminal domain (NTD) of HSP90, containing the main determinants for ATPase activity, represents the most druggable domain for inhibitor targeting. The molecules investigated on parasite HSP90 are mainly developed from known inhibitors of the human counterpart, and they have strong limitations due to selectivity issues, accounting for the high conservation of the ATP-binding site between the parasite and human proteins. The current review highlights the recent structural progress made to support the rational design of new molecules able to effectively block the chaperone activity of parasite HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzorana
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018–2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Pokhodylo N, Finiuk N, Klyuchivska O, Тupychak MA, Matiychuk V, Goreshnik E, Stoika R. Novel N-(4-thiocyanatophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides exhibit selective cytotoxic activity at nanomolar doses towards human leukemic T-cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114633. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pokhodylo NT, Slyvka Y, Pavlyuk V. Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 5-cyclo-propyl- N-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-1-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:1043-1047. [PMID: 34667635 PMCID: PMC8491517 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989021009774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C15H18N4O2, was obtained via a two-step synthesis (Dimroth reaction and amidation) for anti-cancer activity screening and was selected from a 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide library. The cyclo-propyl ring is oriented almost perpendicular to the benzene ring [dihedral angle = 87.9 (1)°], while the dihedral angle between the mean plane of the cyclo-propyl ring and that of the triazole ring is 55.6 (1)°. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯N inter-actions into infinite ribbons propagating in the [001] direction, which are inter-connected by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions into layers. The inter-molecular inter-actions were characterized via Hirshfeld surface analysis, which indicated that the largest fingerprint contact percentages are H⋯H (55.5%), N⋯H/H⋯N (15.4%), C⋯H/H⋯C (13.2%) and O⋯H/H⋯O (12.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazariy T. Pokhodylo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya, 6, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Slyvka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya, 6, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Pavlyuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla i Mefodiya, 6, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
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Batista FAH, Ramos SL, Tassone G, Leitão A, Montanari CA, Botta M, Mori M, Borges JC. Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Leishmania braziliensis Hsp90 chaperone. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:639-649. [PMID: 32048531 PMCID: PMC7034072 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1726342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania ssp. Environmental differences found by the parasites in the vector and the host are translated into cellular stress, leading to the production of heat shock proteins (Hsp). These are molecular chaperones involved in the folding of nascent proteins as well as in the regulation of gene expression, signalling events and proteostasis. Since Leishmania spp. use Hsp90 to trigger important transitions between their different stages of the life cycle, this protein family becomes a profitable target in anti-parasite drug discovery. In this work, we implemented a multidisciplinary strategy coupling molecular modelling with in vitro assays to identify small molecules able to inhibit Hsp90 from L. braziliensis (LbHsp90). Overall, we identified some compounds able to kill the promastigote form of the L. braziliensis, and to inhibit LbHsp90 ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A H Batista
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Ramos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), IQSC-USP, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Montanari
- Medicinal Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED), IQSC-USP, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Lead Discovery Siena S.r., Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy - Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Júlio C Borges
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
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Mantoani SP, de Andrade P, Chierrito TPC, Figueredo AS, Carvalho I. Potential Triazole-based Molecules for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4403-4434. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170727103901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neglected Diseases (NDs) affect million of people, especially the poorest population
around the world. Several efforts to an effective treatment have proved insufficient
at the moment. In this context, triazole derivatives have shown great relevance in
medicinal chemistry due to a wide range of biological activities. This review aims to describe
some of the most relevant and recent research focused on 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolebased
molecules targeting four expressive NDs: Chagas disease, Malaria, Tuberculosis
and Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susimaire Pedersoli Mantoani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Andreza Silva Figueredo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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Tarawneh AH, Al-Momani LAA, León F, Jain SK, Gadetskaya AV, Abu-Orabi ST, Tekwani BL, Cutler SJ. Evaluation of Triazole and Isoxazole Derivatives as Potential Anti-infective Agents. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:1269-1275. [PMID: 30374214 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of isoxazole and triazole derivatives, with interesting bioactive scaffolds, were examined for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. These compounds exhibited antitrypanosomal activity comparable to difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), a drug used in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Isoxazole analogues 1, 3 and 4, and triazole derivatives 16, 17, 28, 37, 40 and 42 showed the highest antitrypanosomal activity with IC50 values of 17.89, 1.82, 10.38, 10.26, 11.77, 9.29, 3.93, 2.11, and 0.93 μM, respectively. Compounds 40 and 42 showed the most potent activity against Leishmania donovani amastigotes with IC50 values of 18.28 and 10.54 μM, respectively. Compound 42 showed the most potent activity against Leishmania donovani macrophage internalized amastigotes with an IC50 value of 8.32 μM. Conjugate triazoles 40-43 displayed potential antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant W2 and chloroquine sensitive D6 Plasmodium falciparum strains (IC50 value range from 0.58 to 8.36 μM). Compound 37 showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA and Mycobacterium intracellulare with IC50 values of 15.53, 14.22 and 47.45 μM, respectively. None of the compounds exhibited antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer H Tarawneh
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, P.O. Box 179, Jordan
| | - Lo Ay A Al-Momani
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, P.O. Box 179, Jordan
| | - Francisco León
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Surenda K Jain
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Anastassiya V Gadetskaya
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Babu L Tekwani
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, P.O. Box 179, Jordan
| | - Stephen J Cutler
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Berninger M, Schmidt I, Ponte-Sucre A, Holzgrabe U. Novel lead compounds in pre-clinical development against African sleeping sickness. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1872-1890. [PMID: 30108710 PMCID: PMC6072528 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness, is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma. As the disease progresses, the parasites cross the blood brain barrier and are lethal for the patients if the disease is left untreated. Current therapies suffer from several drawbacks due to e.g. toxicity of the respective compounds or resistance to approved antitrypanosomal drugs. In this review, the different strategies of drug development against HAT are considered, namely the target-based approach, the phenotypic high throughput screening and the drug repurposing strategy. The most promising compounds emerging from these approaches entering an in vivo evaluation are mentioned herein. Of note, it may turn out to be difficult to confirm in vitro activity in an animal model of infection; however, possible reasons for the missing efficacy in unsuccessful in vivo studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berninger
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ines Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Alicia Ponte-Sucre
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Luis Razetti School of Medicine , Faculty of Medicine , Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas , Venezuela . Tel: +0931 31 85461
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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9
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Siddiqui ZA. An overview of parasitic infections of the gastro-intestinal tract in developed countries affecting immunocompromised individuals. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:621-626. [PMID: 28848249 PMCID: PMC5555948 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In both developed and developing countries, parasitic infections continue to be a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity. Due to the globalization of the world, doctors must be fully prepared to deal with a plethora of parasitic infections. More commonly the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is infected and in developed countries protozoans are more likely to be the cause of infection compared to helminths. These GI protozoa are progressively becoming recognized as important pathogens in patients that are immunocompromised. The number of immunocompromised patients is increasing and therefore the likelihood of similar infections will also increase. This paper aims to highlight the key GI parasites affecting immunocompromised individuals in developed countries, discussing diagnosis, treatment options and also prevention. Cryptosporidium parvum may be the most common GI parasite found in the immunocompromised host closely followed by Cyclospora, however, Giardia duodenalis is the most common GI parasite found in developed countries. The pathogenesis of parasitic infection is not clear, poorly understood and diagnostic testing remains difficult with management continuing to be a challenge.
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10
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Kanwar A, Eduful BJ, Barbeto L, Carletti Bonomo P, Lemus A, Vesely BA, Mutka TS, Azhari A, Kyle DE, Leahy JW. Synthesis and Activity of a New Series of Antileishmanial Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:797-801. [PMID: 28835791 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined that tetrahydroindazoles such as 1 show potent activity against Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of leishmaniasis. While the Hsp90 activity and anticancer properties of 1 have previously been explored, we present here our efforts to optimize their activity against L. donovani via the synthesis of novel analogues designed to probe the hydrophobic pocket of the protozoan Hsp90 orthologue, specifically through the auspices of functionalization of an amine embedded into the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kanwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Eduful
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Linda Barbeto
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Piero Carletti Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Andrea Lemus
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Brian A. Vesely
- Department
of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Tina S. Mutka
- Department
of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ala Azhari
- Department
of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Department
of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - James W. Leahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, CHE 205, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- Florida Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery
and Innovation, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 303, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Department of
Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, MDC 7, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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11
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Hsp90 Co-chaperones as Drug Targets in Cancer: Current Perspectives. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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