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Sankaran S, Dubey R, Gomatam A, Chakor R, Kshirsagar A, Lohidasan S. Deciphering the multi-functional role of Indian propolis for the management of Alzheimer's disease by integrating LC-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in-vitro studies. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10818-8. [PMID: 38466554 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The conventional one-drug-one-disease theory has lost its sheen in multigenic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Propolis, a honeybee-derived product has ethnopharmacological evidence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and neuroprotective properties. However, the chemical composition is complex and highly variable geographically. So, to leverage the potential of propolis as an effective treatment modality, it is essential to understand the role of each phytochemical in the AD pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the anti-Alzheimer effect of bioactive in Indian propolis (IP) by combining LC-MS/MS fingerprinting, with network-based analysis and experimental validation. First, phytoconstituents in IP extract were identified using an in-house LC-MS/MS method. The drug likeness and toxicity were assessed, followed by identification of AD targets. The constituent-target-gene network was then constructed along with protein-protein interactions, gene pathway, ontology, and enrichment analysis. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 16 known metabolites with druggable properties except for luteolin-5-methyl ether. The network pharmacology-based analysis revealed that the hit propolis constituents were majorly flavonoids, whereas the main AD-associated targets were MAOB, ESR1, BACE1, AChE, CDK5, GSK3β, and PTGS2. A total of 18 gene pathways were identified to be associated, with the pathways related to AD among the topmost enriched. Molecular docking analysis against top AD targets resulted in suitable binding interactions at the active site of target proteins. Further, the protective role of IP in AD was confirmed with cell-line studies on PC-12, in situ AChE inhibition, and antioxidant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sankaran
- Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Anish Gomatam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400098, India
| | - Rishikesh Chakor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Ashwini Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
| | - Sathiyanarayanan Lohidasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
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Gehlot P, Kumar S, Kumar Vyas V, Singh Choudhary B, Sharma M, Malik R. Guanidine-based β amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE-1) inhibitors for the Alzheimer's disease (AD): A review. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kibardina LK, Trifonov AV, Dobrynin AB, Pudovik MA, Burilov AR, Voloshina AD, Strelnik AG, Gazizov AS. Anticancer activity of novel 3-azaxanthenes. Mendeleev Communications 2021; 31:664-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zimin DP, Dar’in DV, Kukushkin VY, Dubovtsev AY. Oxygen Atom Transfer as Key To Reverse Regioselectivity in the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Generation of Aminooxazoles from Ynamides. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1748-1757. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry P. Zimin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Dar’in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu. Dubovtsev
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Maia M, Resende DISP, Durães F, Pinto MMM, Sousa E. Xanthenes in Medicinal Chemistry - Synthetic strategies and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113085. [PMID: 33310284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthenes are a special class of oxygen-incorporating tricyclic compounds. Structurally related to xanthones, the presence of different substituents in position 9 strongly influences their physical and chemical properties, as well as their biological applications. This review explores the synthetic methodologies developed to obtain 9H-xanthene, 9-hydroxyxanthene and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid, as well as respective derivatives, from simple starting materials or through modification of related structures. Azaxanthenes, bioisosteres of xanthenes, are also explored. Efficiency, safety, ecological impact and applicability of the described synthetic methodologies are discussed. Synthesis of multi-functionalized derivatives with drug-likeness properties are also reported and their activities explored. Synthetic methodologies for obtaining (aza)xanthenes from simple building blocks are available, and electrochemical and/or metal free procedures recently developed arise as greener and efficient methodologies. Nonetheless, the synthesis of xanthenes through the modification of the carbonyl in position 9 of xanthones represents the most straightforward procedure to easily obtain a variety of (aza)xanthenes. (Aza)xanthene derivatives displayed biological activity as neuroprotector, antitumor, antimicrobial, among others, proving the versatility of this nucleus for different biological applications. However, in some cases their chemical structures suggest a lack of pharmacokinetic properties being associated with safety concerns, which should be overcome if intended for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Maia
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Durães
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Firuzi O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N. Novel small molecule therapeutic agents for Alzheimer disease: Focusing on BACE1 and multi-target directed ligands. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103649. [PMID: 32101780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that effects 50 million people worldwide. In this review, AD pathology and the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting AD were fully discussed. In particular, common approaches to prevent Aβ production and/or accumulation in the brain including α-secretase activators, specific γ-secretase modulators and small molecules BACE1 inhibitors were reviewed. Additionally, natural-origin bioactive compounds that provide AD therapeutic advances have been introduced. Considering AD is a multifactorial disease, the therapeutic potential of diverse multi target-directed ligands (MTDLs) that combine the efficacy of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, BACE1 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibitors, for the treatment of AD are also reviewed. This article also highlights descriptions on the regulator of serotonin receptor (5-HT), metal chelators, anti-aggregants, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents targeting AD. Finally, current computational methods for evaluating the structure-activity relationships (SAR) and virtual screening (VS) of AD drugs are discussed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Liang ZM, Peng YH, Chen Y, Long LL, Luo HJ, Chen YJ, Liang YL, Tian YH, Li SJ, Shi YS, Zhang XM. The BACE1-Specific DNA Aptamer A1 Rescues Amyloid-β Pathology and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nucleic Acid Ther 2019; 29:359-366. [PMID: 31513457 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits in the brain are considered to be one of the main pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the aspartyl proteases β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase produces Aβ. Therefore, BACE1 inhibition is a very attractive target for the treatment of AD. Our previous work identified a DNA aptamer named A1 that can bind to BACE1 with high affinity and specificity and exhibits a distinct inhibitory effect on BACE1 activity in an AD cell model. The purpose of this research was to test the effect of aptamer A1 in Tg6799 mice. Four-month-old Tg6799 mice were randomly divided into two groups and treated with aptamer A1 and ineffective aptamer A1scr, respectively, by intracerebroventricular injection. Subsequent behavioral experiments showed that treatment with the aptamer A1 improved the cognitive abilities of the AD mice. Western blot indicated that BACE1 and soluble amyloid precursor protein β (sAPPβ) expression significantly decreased in the A1-treated mice. Moreover, aptamer A1 reduced the content of Aβ42 and the number and density of senile plaques in AD mice. Therefore, our results indicate that aptamer A1 is a novel specific and potent BACE1 inhibitor and is a promising potential target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Man Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tian
- Experiment Teaching & Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ganeshpurkar A, Swetha R, Kumar D, Gangaram GP, Singh R, Gutti G, Jana S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK. Protein-Protein Interactions and Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:501-533. [PMID: 30836921 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted disorder, involves complex pathophysiology and plethora of protein-protein interactions. Thus such interactions can be exploited to develop anti-AD drugs. OBJECTIVE The interaction of dynamin-related protein 1, cellular prion protein, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and Mint 2 with amyloid β, etc., studied recently, may have critical role in progression of the disease. Our objective has been to review such studies and their implications in design and development of drugs against the Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Such studies have been reviewed and critically assessed. RESULTS Review has led to show how such studies are useful to develop anti-AD drugs. CONCLUSION There are several PPIs which are current topics of research including Drp1, Aβ interactions with various targets including PrPC, Fyn kinase, NMDAR and mGluR5 and interaction of Mint2 with PDZ domain, etc., and thus have potential role in neurodegeneration and AD. Finally, the multi-targeted approach in AD may be fruitful and opens a new vista for identification and targeting of PPIs in various cellular pathways to find a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gore P Gangaram
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Srabanti Jana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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Vacca RA, Bawari S, Valenti D, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Shirooie S, Sah AN, Volpicella M, Braidy N, Nabavi SM. Down syndrome: Neurobiological alterations and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:234-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
BACE1 is a key aspartic protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein to generate of the amyloid peptide that is believed to be responsible for the Alzheimer's disease amyloid cascade. It is thus recognized as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease treatment, and large efforts have been made in the discovery of novel BACE1 inhibitors. This Review presents a systematic mining of BACE1 inhibitors based on 354 crystal structures of the BACE1 catalytic domain in complex with ligands in the Protein Data Bank. A thorough exploration on the frequency as well as the patterns of residue-ligand interactions enables us to subdivide the ligand binding pocket into 10 subsites and then identify favorable substructures of ligands for each subsite. In addition, it is found that the assembly of subsites with an 8-like shape is responsible to bind all inhibitors and four major ligand binding modes are revealed. Thus, such a systematic survey deepens our understanding of the structural requirements for establishment of BACE1-ligand interactions that determine the affinity of a ligand to BACE1, which is pivotal for structure-based lead optimization and design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangchen Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ion GND, Mihai DP, Lupascu G, Nitulescu GM. Application of molecular framework-based data-mining method in the search for beta-secretase 1 inhibitors through drug repurposing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3674-3685. [PMID: 30234434 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1526115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting beta-secretase 1, also known as beta-amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) for the inhibition of amyloid production, has been intensely studied in the last decades in the search for stopping Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The chances of finding a druggable BACE-1 inhibitor may be increased by drug repurposing, as this kind of molecules already fulfil certain requirements needed for further advancement. The study describes the development and application of a data-mining method based on molecular frameworks and descriptor values of tested BACE-1 inhibitors, suitable for filtering large compound databases, in order to find molecules with high potency against this protease. A total of 465 compounds extracted from the literature, tested against BACE-1, were analysed for finding molecular descriptor values and frameworks that ensure a high probability of strong inhibition. Resulting conclusions were used for filtering DrugBank database, containing ∼8700 approved and experimental drugs, obtaining 26 structures characterized by four major Bemis-Murcko frameworks: 2-[3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)cyclohexyl]-decahydronaphthalene, 3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-1,1'-bi(cyclohexane), [5-(cyclohexylmethyl)-8-cyclopentyloctyl]cyclohexane and (3-cyclohexylcyclopentyl)cyclohexane. The compounds were further studied by molecular docking using the structure of the closed form of the enzyme, which revealed seven compounds already involved in trials targeting BACE-1 inhibition, confirming the method's specificity. The compounds that afforded the best binding energies were DB06925 (tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitor), DB12285 (Verubecestat) and DB08899 (Enzalutamide). Moreover, docking results indicated several other molecules with high in silico inhibitory potency that can be further studied for developing a potential treatment for AD. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Gina Lupascu
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
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Coimbra JRM, Marques DFF, Baptista SJ, Pereira CMF, Moreira PI, Dinis TCP, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Highlights in BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Front Chem 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 29881722 PMCID: PMC5977085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The clinical symptoms of AD include a progressive loss of memory and impairment of cognitive functions interfering with daily life activities. The main neuropathological features consist in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in AD is essential for rational design of neuroprotective agents able to prevent disease progression. According to the "Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis" the critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD is the accumulation of Aβ neurotoxic oligomers. Since the proteolytic processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ, this enzyme is considered a major therapeutic target and BACE1 inhibitors have the potential to be disease-modifying drugs for AD treatment. Therefore, intensive efforts to discover and develop inhibitors that can reach the brain and effectively inhibit BACE1 have been pursued by several groups worldwide. The aim of this review is to highlight the progress in the discovery of potent and selective small molecule BACE1 inhibitors over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R. M. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. F. Marques
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Salete J. Baptista
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Chem4Pharma, Edifício IPN IncubadoraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M. F. Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
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Low JD, Bartberger MD, Cheng Y, Whittington D, Xue Q, Wood S, Allen JR, Minatti AE. Diastereoselective synthesis of fused cyclopropyl-3-amino-2,4-oxazine β-amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors and their biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1111-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Romero-Hernández LL, Merino-Montiel P, Meza-Reyes S, Vega-Baez JL, López Ó, Padrón JM, Montiel-Smith S. Synthesis of unprecedented steroidal spiro heterocycles as potential antiproliferative drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:21-32. [PMID: 29172080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the straightforward preparation of novel conformationally-restricted steroids from trans-androsterone and estrone, decorated with spiranic oxazolidin-2-one or 2-aminooxazoline motifs at C-17 as potential antiproliferative agents. Such unprecedented pharmacophores were accessed using an aminomethylalcohol derivative at C-17 as the key intermediate; reaction of such functionality with triphosgene, or conversion into N-substituted thioureas, followed by an intramolecular cyclodesulfurization reaction promoted by yellow HgO, furnished such spirocycles in excellent yields. Title compounds were tested in vitro against a panel of six human tumor cell lines, named A549 (non-small cell lung), HBL-100 (breast), HeLa (cervix), SW1573 (non-small cell lung), T-47D (breast) and WiDr (colon), and the results were compared with steroidal chemotherapeutic agents (abiraterone and galeterone); the A-ring of the steroidal backbone, the nature of the heterocycle and the N-substituents proved to be essential motifs for establishing structure-activity relationships concerning not only the potency but also the selectivity against tumor cell lines. Estrone derivatives, particularly those bearing a spiranic 2-aminooxazoline scaffold were found to be the most active compounds, with GI50 values ranging from the low micromolar to the submicromolar level (0.34-1.5 μM). Noteworthy, the lead compounds showed a remarkable increase in activity against the resistant cancer cell lines (T-47D and WiDr) compared to the anticancer reference drugs (up to 120-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Romero-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
| | - Socorro Meza-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - José Luis Vega-Baez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, c/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
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15
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Prati F, Bottegoni G, Bolognesi ML, Cavalli A. BACE-1 Inhibitors: From Recent Single-Target Molecules to Multitarget Compounds for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2017; 61:619-637. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Prati
- Drug Discovery Unit,
Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life
Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd., BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, U.K
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Low JD, Bartberger MD, Chen K, Cheng Y, Fielden MR, Gore V, Hickman D, Liu Q, Allen Sickmier E, Vargas HM, Werner J, White RD, Whittington DA, Wood S, Minatti AE. Development of 2-aminooxazoline 3-azaxanthene β-amyloid cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors with improved selectivity against Cathepsin D. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:1196-1206. [PMID: 30108829 PMCID: PMC6072065 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort at Amgen to develop a disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease, we have previously used the aminooxazoline xanthene (AOX) scaffold to generate potent and orally efficacious BACE1 inhibitors. While AOX-BACE1 inhibitors demonstrated acceptable cardiovascular safety margins, a retinal pathological finding in rat toxicological studies demanded further investigation. It has been widely postulated that such retinal toxicity might be related to off-target inhibition of Cathepsin D (CatD), a closely related aspartyl protease. We report the development of AOX-BACE1 inhibitors with improved selectivity against CatD by following a structure- and property-based approach. Our efforts culminated in the discovery of a picolinamide-substituted 3-aza-AOX-BACE1 inhibitor absent of retinal effects in an early screening rat toxicology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Low
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Michael D Bartberger
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Kui Chen
- Department Discovery Technologies , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Mark R Fielden
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Vijay Gore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - Dean Hickman
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Qingyian Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
| | - E Allen Sickmier
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Hugo M Vargas
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Jonathan Werner
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Ryan D White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Douglas A Whittington
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Amgen Inc. , 360 Binney Street , Cambridge , MA 02142 , USA
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Neuroscience , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA
| | - Ana E Minatti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Amgen Inc. , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , CA 91320 , USA . ; Tel: +1 805 447 4721
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17
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Liu S, Liu A, Zhang Y, Wang W. Direct Cα-heteroarylation of structurally diverse ethers via a mild N-hydroxysuccinimide mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4044-4050. [PMID: 30155212 PMCID: PMC6094177 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc05697k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the Cα-heteroarylation of ethers is the requirement of a large excess amount of ethers (that are used as solvents in many cases) to achieve effective transformations. This drawback has significantly restricted the Cα-heteroarylation of ethers to the use of simple and easily accessible ether substrates. To overcome this limitation, a new, efficient, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) mediated, mild and metal-free CDC strategy for the direct Cα-heteroarylation of diverse ethers has been developed. Different to our previous benzaldehyde mediated photoredox Cα-heteroarylation, we have identified NHS as a new and efficient mediator without using light. A distinct non-photoredox engaged hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) mechanism that used a nitrogen-centered radical cation produced from NHS is initially revealed. Notably, only 5-10 equivalents of ethers as coupling partners are used, which allows for structurally diverse and complex ethers to engage in this process, to create highly medicinally relevant Cα-heteroarylated ethers. Furthermore, more structurally diverse heterocyclics can serve as reactants for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China . ;
| | - Aoxia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China . ;
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China . ;
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , School of Pharmacy , State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Mei-long Road , Shanghai 200237 , China . ;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , NM 87131-0001 , USA
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18
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Castro P, Zaman S, Holland A. Alzheimer's disease in people with Down's syndrome: the prospects for and the challenges of developing preventative treatments. J Neurol 2017; 264:804-813. [PMID: 27778163 PMCID: PMC5374178 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
People with Down's syndrome (DS) are at high risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a relatively young age. This increased risk is not observed in people with intellectual disabilities for reasons other than DS and for this reason it is unlikely to be due to non-specific effects of having a neurodevelopmental disorder but, instead, a direct consequence of the genetics of DS (trisomy 21). Given the location of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21, the amyloid cascade hypothesis is the dominant theory accounting for this risk, with other genetic and environmental factors modifying the age of onset and the course of the disease. Several potential therapies targeting the amyloid pathway and aiming to modify the course of AD are currently being investigated, which may also be useful for treating AD in DS. However, given that the neuropathology associated with AD starts many years before dementia manifests, any preventative treatment must start well before the onset of symptoms. To enable trials of such interventions, plasma, CSF, brain, and retinal biomarkers are being studied as proxy early diagnostic and outcome measures for AD. In this systematic review, we consider the prospects for the development of potential preventative treatments of AD in the DS population and their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Castro
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Shahid Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Anthony Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
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19
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El-Hachem N, Haibe-Kains B, Khalil A, Kobeissy FH, Nemer G. AutoDock and AutoDockTools for Protein-Ligand Docking: Beta-Site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1(BACE1) as a Case Study. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1598:391-403. [PMID: 28508374 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Computational docking and scoring techniques have revolutionized structural bioinformatics by providing unprecedented insights on key aspects of ligand-receptor interaction. Docking is used for optimizing known drugs and for identifying novel binders by predicting their binding mode and affinity. AutoDock and AutoDockTools are free of charge techniques that have been extensively cited in the literature as essential tools in structure-based drug design. Moreover, these methods are fast enough to permit virtual screening of ligand libraries containing tens of thousands of compounds. However using Autodock requires some knowledge in programming which creates a limitation for biologists and makes them prone for commercial applications. Here, we selected a relevant target involved in the progression of Alzheimer disease and provided a fully reproducible docking protocol. This example will show how docking techniques would be an important asset to identify new BACE1 inhibitors. The following friendly user tutorial targets both undergraduate and graduate students, allowing them to understand docking as a computational tool for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehme El-Hachem
- Integrative Computational Systems Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Athar Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, DTS4-19A, Bliss Street, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, DTS4-19A, Bliss Street, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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20
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Gu T, Wu WY, Dong ZX, Yu SP, Sun Y, Zhong Y, Lu YT, Li NG. Development and Structural Modification of BACE1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2016; 22:E4. [PMID: 28025519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which usually occurs in the elderly. The accumulation of β-amyloid and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are considered as the main pathogenies of AD. Research suggests that β-secretase 1 (BACE1) plays an important role in the formation of β-amyloid. Discovery of new BACE1 inhibitors has become a significant method to slow down the progression of AD or even cure this kind of disease. This review summarizes the different types and the structural modification of these new BACE1 inhibitors.
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21
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Wu Q, Li X, Gao Q, Wang J, Li Y, Yang L. Interaction mechanism exploration of HEA derivatives as BACE1 inhibitors by in silico analysis. Mol BioSyst 2016; 12:1151-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) initiates the generation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides which play a critical early role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus it is a prime target for lowering the Aβ levels to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qingping Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Weifang Vocational College
- Weifang
- China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- China
| | - Ling Yang
- Lab of Pharmaceutical Resource Discovery
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
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22
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Abstract
Synthetic strategies to access 2-amino heterocycle head groups that inhibit aspartyl proteases, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Chambers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
| | | | | | - Brad E. Sleebs
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research
- Parkville
- Australia
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
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23
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Hall DR, Kozakov D, Whitty A, Vajda S. Lessons from Hot Spot Analysis for Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:724-736. [PMID: 26538314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of binding energy hot spots at protein surfaces can provide crucial insights into the prospects for successful application of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD), and whether a fragment hit can be advanced into a high-affinity, drug-like ligand. The key factor is the strength of the top ranking hot spot, and how well a given fragment complements it. We show that published data are sufficient to provide a sophisticated and quantitative understanding of how hot spots derive from a protein 3D structure, and how their strength, number, and spatial arrangement govern the potential for a surface site to bind to fragment-sized and larger ligands. This improved understanding provides important guidance for the effective application of FBDD in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hall
- Acpharis Inc., 160 North Mill Street, Holliston, MA 01746, USA
| | - Dima Kozakov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Adrian Whitty
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Sandor Vajda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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24
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Cheng Y, Brown J, Judd TC, Lopez P, Qian W, Powers TS, Chen JJ, Bartberger MD, Chen K, Dunn RT, Epstein O, Fremeau RT, Harried S, Hickman D, Hitchcock SA, Luo Y, Minatti AE, Patel VF, Vargas HM, Wahl RC, Weiss MM, Wen PH, White RD, Whittington DA, Zheng XM, Wood S. An Orally Available BACE1 Inhibitor That Affords Robust CNS Aβ Reduction without Cardiovascular Liabilities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:210-5. [PMID: 25699151 DOI: 10.1021/ml500458t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 inhibition to prevent Aβ peptide formation is considered to be a potential route to a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Previous efforts in our laboratory using a combined structure- and property-based approach have resulted in the identification of aminooxazoline xanthenes as potent BACE1 inhibitors. Herein, we report further optimization leading to the discovery of inhibitor 15 as an orally available and highly efficacious BACE1 inhibitor that robustly reduces CSF and brain Aβ levels in both rats and nonhuman primates. In addition, compound 15 exhibited low activity on the hERG ion channel and was well tolerated in an integrated cardiovascular safety model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ted C. Judd
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patricia Lopez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wenyuan Qian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Timothy S. Powers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael D. Bartberger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert T. Dunn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Oleg Epstein
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert T. Fremeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Scott Harried
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dean Hickman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stephen A. Hitchcock
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ana Elena Minatti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vinod F. Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hugo M. Vargas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert C. Wahl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Matthew M. Weiss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul H. Wen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ryan D. White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas A. Whittington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiao Mei Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stephen Wood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular
Structure, §Department of Neuroscience, ∥Department of HTS
and Molecular Pharmacology, and ⊥Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, #Comparative Biology and
Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and ○Department of Molecular Structure, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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Rajasekhar K, Chakrabarti M, Govindaraju T. Function and toxicity of amyloid beta and recent therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13434-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our Feature Article details the physiological role of amyloid beta (Aβ), elaborates its toxic effects and outlines therapeutic molecules designed in the last two years targeting different aspects of Aβ for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rajasekhar
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - Malabika Chakrabarti
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
| | - T. Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- New Chemistry Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bengaluru 560064
- India
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