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Tsai TY, Jhang WT, Hsu HK, Chan YT, Chang CF, Chen YR. Amyloid Modifier SERF1a Accelerates Alzheimer's Amyloid-β Fibrillization and Exacerbates the Cytotoxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:479-490. [PMID: 38211979 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly in the world. The pathological hallmark senile plaques are mainly composed of amyloid-β (Aβ), in which the main isoforms are Aβ40 and Aβ42. Aβ is prone to aggregate and ultimately forms amyloid fibrils in the brains of AD patients. Factors that alter the Aβ aggregation process have been considered to be potential targets for treatments of AD. Modifier of aggregation 4 (MOAG-4)/small EDRK-rich factor (SERF) was previously selected from a chemical mutagenesis screen and identified as an amyloid modifier that promotes amyloid aggregation for α-synuclein, huntingtin, and Aβ40. The interaction and effect of yeast ScSERF on Aβ40 were previously described. Here, we examined the human SERF1a effect on Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrillization by the Thioflavin T assay and found that SERF1a accelerated Aβ fibrillization in a dose-dependent manner without changing the fibril amount and without incorporation. By Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that SERF1a altered the secondary structures and the morphology of Aβ fibrils. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) results showed that SERF1a binds to Aβ in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Moreover, the NMR study showed that SERF1a interacts with Aβ via its N-terminal region. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that SERF1a enhanced toxicity of Aβ intermediates, and the effect can be rescued by SERF1a antibody. Overall, our study provides the underlying molecular mechanism for the SERF1a effect on Aβ fibrillization and facilitates the therapeutic development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Ying Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Jhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd., Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Zhang ZY, Li ZJ, Tang YH, Xu L, Zhang DT, Qin TY, Wang YL. Recent Research Progress in Fluorescent Probes for Detection of Amyloid-β In Vivo. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:990. [PMID: 37998165 PMCID: PMC10669267 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Due to its complex pathological mechanism, its etiology is not yet clear. As one of the main pathological markers of AD, amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in the development of AD. The deposition of Aβ is not only related to the degeneration of neurons, but also can activate a series of pathological events, including the activation of astrocytes and microglia, the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, and the change in microcirculation, which is the main cause of brain lesions and death in AD patients. Therefore, the development of efficient and reliable Aβ-specific probes is crucial for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD. This paper focuses on reviewing the application of small-molecule fluorescent probes in Aβ imaging in vivo in recent years. These probes efficiently map the presence of Aβ in vivo, providing a pathway for the early diagnosis of AD and providing enlightenment for the design of Aβ-specific probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ze-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying-Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - De-Teng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian-Yi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ya-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Cha M, Dagar A, Lee S, Cho I, Lee D, Kim K, Park I, Yoon S, Kim HY, Kim I, Kim Y. Benzo[ d]imidazole-pyrrolo[1,2- a]pyrazine Hybrids Ameliorate Amyloid Aggregates in the Brain of Alzheimer Transgenic Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3025-3034. [PMID: 37552840 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal assembly of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with cognitive impairments. Since Aβ accumulation occurs in advance of the onset of clinical symptoms, identifying preventable drug candidates regulating Aβ accumulation is regarded as a promising approach in AD therapeutic. Herein, we synthesized eight Yonsei Institute of pharmaceutical sciences Alzheimer's Drug (YIAD) compounds based on 5-benzyl-6-phenylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazine structures. Subsequently, YIAD-0203 and YIAD-0205 were selected as effective candidates via thioflavin T assays and gel electrophoresis. The potential therapeutic effect of YIAD-0203 and YIAD-0205 on Aβ aggregates was investigated through an AD transgenic mouse model with five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) by oral gavage. Significant amounts of Aβ plaque and oligomer reduction were observed in the hippocampus region of both 4.3-month-old (early stage of AD) and 6.0-month-old (mid stage of AD) YIAD-0205-treated 5XFAD mice brains when compared to the nontreated brains. The ability of YIAD-0205 to ameliorate Aβ aggregates in the early and mid stages of AD progression supports the notion that YIAD-0205 could be utilized as a reliable scaffold for the development of preventive AD drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soljee Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | | | | | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
- Amyloid Solution, Seongnam 13486, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Chachaj A, Gąsiorowski K, Szuba A, Sieradzki A, Leszek J. The Lymphatic System In The Brain Clearance Mechanisms - New Therapeutic Perspectives For Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:380-391. [PMID: 35410605 PMCID: PMC10190136 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Pathological deposits of neurotoxic proteins within the brain, such as amyloid-ß and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, are the prominent features in AD. According to recent studies, the newly discovered brain lymphatic system was demonstrated to be crucial in the clearance of metabolic macromolecules from the brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels located in the dura mater drain the fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transport them, as lymph, to the deep cervical lymph nodes. The lymphatic system provides the perivascular exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF) and ensures the homeostasis of neuronal interstitial space. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the role of the lymphatic system in AD pathophysiology and discuss possible therapeutic perspectives, targeting the lymphatic clearance mechanisms within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sieradzki
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abitbol A, Mallard B, Tiralongo E, Tiralongo J. Mushroom Natural Products in Neurodegenerative Disease Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11. [PMID: 36497196 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of drugs available to treat neurodegenerative diseases is limited. Most of these drug's efficacy is restricted by individual genetics and disease stages and usually do not prevent neurodegeneration acting long after irreversible damage has already occurred. Thus, drugs targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying subsequent neurodegeneration have the potential to negate symptom manifestation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis, and is associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn leads to neurodegeneration. Inflammasome activation and oligomerisation is suggested to be a major driver of disease progression occurring in microglia. With several natural products and natural product derivatives currently in clinical trials, mushrooms have been highlighted as a rich and largely untapped source of biologically active compounds in both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative disease models, partially supported by successful clinical trial evaluations. Additionally, novel high-throughput methods for the screening of natural product compound libraries are being developed to help accelerate the neurodegenerative disease drug discovery process, targeting neuroinflammation. However, the breadth of research relating to mushroom natural product high-throughput screening is limited, providing an exciting opportunity for further detailed investigations.
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Luo Z, Xu H, Samanta S, Zhang R, Luo G, Wang Y, Liu L, Weng X, He J, Liao C, Wang Y, Guo B, Qu J. Long-Term Repeatable In Vivo Monitoring of Amyloid-β Plaques and Vessels in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model with Combined TPEF/CARS Microscopy. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36428517 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term, repeatable monitoring of the appearance and progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in real time can be extremely beneficial to acquire highly reliable diagnostic insights, which is crucial for devising apt strategies towards effective AD treatment. Herein, we present an optimized innovative cranial window imaging method for the long-term repeatable imaging of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and vessels in an AD mouse model. Basically, two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy was used to monitor the fluorescently labeled Aβ plaques, whereas the label-free blood vessels were studied using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in the live in vivo AD mouse model. It was possible to clearly observe the Aβ deposition and vascular structure in the target cortex localization for 31 weeks in the AD mouse model using this method. The combined TPEF/CARS imaging studies were also instrumental in realizing the relationship between the tendency of Aβ deposition and ageing. Essentially, the progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in the AD mouse model was quantitatively characterized, which revealed that the proportion Aβ deposition in the unit vessel can increase from 13.63% to 28.80% upon increasing the age of mice from 8 months old to 14 months old. The proposed imaging method provided an efficient, safe, repeatable platform with simple target localization aptitude towards monitoring the brain tissues, which is an integral part of studying any brain-related physiological or disease conditions to extract crucial structural and functional information.
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Xu H, Bhaskaran S, Piekarz KM, Ranjit R, Bian J, Kneis P, Ellis A, Bhandari S, Rice HC, Van Remmen H. Age Related Changes in Muscle Mass and Force Generation in the Triple Transgenic (3xTgAD) Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:876816. [PMID: 35547624 PMCID: PMC9083113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.876816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may show accelerated sarcopenia phenotypes. To investigate whether pathological changes associated with neuronal death and cognitive dysfunction also occur in peripheral motor neurons and muscle as a function of age, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTgAD mice) that carries transgenes for mutant forms of APP, Tau, and presenilin proteins that are associated with AD pathology. We measured changes in motor neurons and skeletal muscle function and metabolism in young (2 to 4 month) female control and 3xTgAD mice and in older (18-20 month) control and 3xTgAD female mice. In older 3xTgAD mice, we observed a number of sarcopenia-related phenotypes, including significantly fragmented and denervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) associated with a 17% reduction in sciatic nerve induced vs. direct muscle stimulation induced contractile force production, and a 30% decrease in gastrocnemius muscle mass. On the contrary, none of these outcomes were found in young 3xTgAD mice. We also measured an accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in both skeletal muscle and neuronal tissue in old 3xTgAD mice that may potentially contribute to muscle atrophy and NMJ disruption in the older 3xTgAD mice. Furthermore, the TGF-β mediated atrophy signaling pathway is activated in old 3xTgAD mice and is a potential contributing factor in the muscle atrophy that occurs in this group. Perhaps surprisingly, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are not elevated in skeletal muscle from old 3xTgAD mice. Together, these results provide new insights into the effect of AD pathological mechanisms on peripheral changes in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xu
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Katarzyna M. Piekarz
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,OU Neuroscience, Graduate College and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jan Bian
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Aubrey Ellis
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Suyesha Bhandari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Heather C. Rice
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,*Correspondence: Holly Van Remmen,
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8
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Fan M, Li Z, Hu M, Zhao H, Wang T, Jia Y, Yang R, Wang S, Song J, Liu Y, Jin W. Formononetin attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced adhesion molecules in HBMECs via Nrf2 activation. Brain Res Bull 2022; 183:162-171. [PMID: 35304289 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain vascular inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a central pathogenic factor in AD, the extracellular buildup of amyloid-β (Aβ) induces brain microvascular endothelial cells activation, impairs endothelial structure and function. Formononetin (FMN) has been reported to protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and attenuates vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. However, its involvement in regulating vascular inflammation of AD has not been investigated. In the study, we found that FMN significantly attenuates Aβ25-35-induced expression of adhesion molecules, including intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), suggesting that FMN inhibits Aβ25-35-induced brain endothelial cells inflammatory response. Moreover, we observed that FMN attenuates Aβ25-35-induced translocation of NFκB (p65) into the nucleus of HBMECs, and found that FMN treatment induces Nrf2 expression and attenuates Nrf2-Keap1 association in a dose-dependent manner in HBMECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nrf2 silencing significantly attenuates FMN-reduced NFκB (p65) activation and nuclear translocation. Lastly, our results showed that FMN treatment attenuates Aβ25-35-induced adhesion of THP-1 cell to endothelial cell monolayer. Collectively, these findings suggest that FMN attenuates Aβ25-35-induced activation in human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which at least in part was mediated through Nrf2 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China.
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Ghosh N, Kundu LM. Breaker peptides against amyloid-β aggregation: a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1767-94. [PMID: 34498978 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which blocking the early steps of extracellular misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is a promising therapeutic approach. However, the pathological features of AD progression include the accumulation of intracellular tau protein, membrane-catalyzed cell death and the abnormal deposition of Aβ. Here, we focus on anti-amyloid breaker peptides derived from the Aβ sequence and non-Aβ-based peptides containing both natural and modified amino acids. Critical aspects of the breaker peptides include N-methylation, conformational restriction through cyclization, incorporation of unnatural amino acid, fluorinated molecules, polymeric nanoparticles and PEGylation. This review confers a general idea of such breaker peptides with in vitro and in vivo studies, which may advance our understanding of AD pathology and develop an effective treatment strategy against AD.
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Lin SW, Tsai YS, Chen YL, Wang MF, Chen CC, Lin WH, Fang TJ. Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 Promotes Longevity, Memory Retention, and Reduces Brain Oxidation Stress in SAMP8 Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:2860. [PMID: 34445020 PMCID: PMC8401498 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: An age-related cognitive decline is commonly affecting the life of elderly with symptoms involved in progressive impairments to memory and learning. It has been proposed that probiotics could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut-brain axis. (2) Methods: To investigate the anti-aging effect of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3, both survival tests and cognitive experiments were conducted in the SAMP8 mice model. The six-month-old SAMP8 (n = 20 in each gender) were fed with probiotic GKM3 at a dosage of 5.1 × 109 and 1.0 × 109 cfu/ kg B.W./day until their natural death. Then, the life span was investigated. Three-month-old SAMP8 (n = 10 in each gender) were administered GKM3 for 14 weeks. Then, the behavior tests and oxidation parameters were recorded. (3) Results: GKM3 groups showed significantly increased latency in the passive avoidance test and time of successful avoidance in the active avoidance test. The TBARS and 8-OHdG from mice brains also showed a significant reduction in the groups treated with GKM3. In addition, lower accumulation of the amyloid-β protein was found in SAMP8 mice brains with the supplement of GKM3. (4) Conclusions: These results indicated that L. plantarum GKM3 delayed the process of aging, alleviated age-related cognitive impairment, and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan;
| | - You-Shan Tsai
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yen-Lien Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan 325002, Taiwan; (Y.-S.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 433303, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan;
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104336, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Tony J. Fang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan;
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Lazarev VF, Tsolaki M, Mikhaylova ER, Benken KA, Shevtsov MA, Nikotina AD, Lechpammer M, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Moskalev AA, Kozin SA, Margulis BA, Guzhova IV, Nudler E. Extracellular GAPDH Promotes Alzheimer Disease Progression by Enhancing Amyloid-β Aggregation and Cytotoxicity. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1223-1237. [PMID: 34341704 PMCID: PMC8279520 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death at late stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes the release of cytosolic proteins. One of the most abundant such proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), forms stable aggregates with extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ). We detect these aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients at levels directly proportional to the progressive stages of AD. We found that GAPDH forms a covalent bond with Q15 of Aβ that is mediated by transglutaminase (tTG). The Q15A substitution weakens the interaction between Aβ and GAPDH and reduces Aβ-GAPDH cytotoxicity. Lentivirus-driven GAPDH overexpression in two AD animal models increased the level of apoptosis of hippocampal cells, neural degeneration, and cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, in vivo knockdown of GAPDH reversed these pathogenic abnormalities suggesting a pivotal role of GAPDH in Aβ-stimulated neurodegeneration. CSF from animals with enhanced GAPDH expression demonstrates increased cytotoxicity in vitro. Furthermore, RX-624, a specific GAPDH small molecular ligand reduced accumulation of Aβ aggregates and reversed memory deficit in AD transgenic mice. These findings argue that extracellular GAPDH compromises Aβ clearance and accelerates neurodegeneration, and, thus, is a promising pharmacological target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir F Lazarev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1 University Department of Neurology, AHEPA hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and Greek Alzheimer Association, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Elena R Mikhaylova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Maxim A Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alina D Nikotina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of The Ural Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris A Margulis
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Irina V Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Coimbra JRM, Baptista SJ, Dinis TCP, Silva MMC, Moreira PI, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Combining Virtual Screening Protocol and In Vitro Evaluation towards the Discovery of BACE1 Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040535. [PMID: 32244832 PMCID: PMC7226079 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment options for a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently limited. The cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD. When the amyloidogenic β-secretase (BACE1) is inhibited, the production of Aβ peptide is reduced. Henceforth, the main goal of this study is the discovery of new small bioactive molecules that potentially reach the brain and inhibit BACE1. The work was conducted by a customized molecular modelling protocol, including pharmacophore-based and molecular docking-based virtual screening (VS). Structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB) pharmacophore models were designed to accurately screen several drug-like compound databases. The retrieved hits were subjected to molecular docking and in silico filtered to predict their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, 34 high-scoring compounds structurally distinct from known BACE1 inhibitors were selected for in vitro screening assay, which resulted in 13 novel hit-compounds for this relevant therapeutic target. This study disclosed new BACE1 inhibitors, proving the utility of combining computational and in vitro approaches for effectively predicting anti-BACE1 agents in the early drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R. M. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Salete J. Baptista
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Chem4Pharma, Edifício IPN Incubadora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. C. Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-488-479
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13
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Fu L, Jiang G, Weng H, Dick GM, Chang Y, Kassab GS. Cerebrovascular miRNAs correlate with the clearance of Aβ through perivascular route in younger 3xTg-AD mice. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:92-105. [PMID: 31206909 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The "two-hit vascular hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD)" and amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomer hypothesis suggest that impaired soluble Aβ oligomers clearance through the cerebral vasculature may be an initial step of the AD process. Soluble Aβ oligomers are driven into perivascular spaces from the brain parenchyma and toward peripheral blood flow. The underlying vascular-based mechanism, however, has not been defined. Given that microRNAs (miRNAs), emerging as novel modulators, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, we hypothesized that cerebrovascular miRNAs may regulate the activities of brain blood vessels, which further affects the concentration of Aβ in the AD brain. In this study, perivascular Aβ deposits, higher vascular activation, increased pericyte coverage and up-regulated capillaries miRNAs at 6 months old (6 mo) were found to correlate with the lower Aβ levels of middle AD stage (9 mo) in 3xTg-AD (3xTg) mice. It is implicated that at the early stage of AD when intracellular Aβ appeared, higher expression of vessel-specific miRNAs, elevated pericyte coverage, and activated endothelium facilitate Aβ oligomer clearance through the perivascular route, resulting in a transient reduction of Aβ oligomers at 9 mo. Additionally, ghrelin-induced upregulation of capillary miRNAs and increased pericyte coverage attenuated Aβ burden at 9 mo, in further support of the relationship between vascular miRNAs and Aβ clearance. This work suggests a cerebral microvessel miRNA may boost endothelial highly activated phenotypes to promote elimination of Aβ oligomers through the perivascular drainage pathway and contribute to AD progression. The targeting of brain vessel-specific miRNAs may provide a new rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fu
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Ge Jiang
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Hope Weng
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Gregory M Dick
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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14
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Ng J, Kaur H, Collier T, Chang K, Brooks AES, Allison JR, Brimble MA, Hickey A, Birch NP. Site-specific glycation of Aβ1-42 affects fibril formation and is neurotoxic. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8806-8818. [PMID: 30996005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ1-42 is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and is prone to glycation, an irreversible process where proteins accumulate advanced glycated end products (AGEs). N ϵ-(Carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) is a common AGE associated with AD patients and occurs at either Lys-16 or Lys-28 of Aβ1-42. Methyglyoxal is commonly used for the unspecific glycation of Aβ1-42, which results in a complex mixture of AGE-modified peptides and makes interpretation of a causative AGE at a specific amino acid residue difficult. We address this issue by chemically synthesizing defined CEL modifications on Aβ1-42 at Lys-16 (Aβ-CEL16), Lys-28 (Aβ-CEL28), and Lys-16 and -28 (Aβ-CEL16&28). We demonstrated that double-CEL glycations at Lys-16 and Lys-28 of Aβ1-42 had the most profound impact on the ability to form amyloid fibrils. In silico predictions indicated that Aβ-CEL16&28 had a substantial decrease in free energy change, which contributes to fibril destabilization, and a increased aggregation rate. Single-CEL glycations at Lys-28 of Aβ1-42 had the least impact on fibril formation, whereas CEL glycations at Lys-16 of Aβ1-42 delayed fibril formation. We also tested these peptides for neuronal toxicity and mitochondrial function on a retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y). Only Aβ-CEL16 and Aβ-CEL28 were neurotoxic, possibly through a nonmitochondrial pathway, whereas Aβ-CEL16&28 showed no neurotoxicity. Interestingly, Aβ-CEL16&28 had depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas Aβ-CEL16 had increased mitochondrial respiration at complex II. These results may indicate mitophagy or an alternate route of metabolism, respectively. Therefore, our results provides insight into potential therapeutic approaches against neurotoxic CEL-glycated Aβ1-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ng
- From the School of Biological Sciences, .,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and
| | - Harveen Kaur
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,School of Chemical Sciences, and
| | - Thomas Collier
- the Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Chang
- the Statistical Consulting Centre, Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jane R Allison
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and.,School of Chemical Sciences, and.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | | | - Nigel P Birch
- From the School of Biological Sciences.,the Brain Research New Zealand Rangahau Roro Aotearoa and Centre for Brain Research, Auckland 1010, and
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15
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Julian MC, Rabia LA, Desai AA, Arsiwala A, Gerson JE, Paulson HL, Kane RS, Tessier PM. Nature-inspired design and evolution of anti-amyloid antibodies. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8438-8451. [PMID: 30918024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that recognize amyloidogenic aggregates with high conformational and sequence specificity are important for detecting and potentially treating a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, these types of antibodies are challenging to generate because of the large size, hydrophobicity, and heterogeneity of protein aggregates. To address this challenge, we developed a method for generating antibodies specific for amyloid aggregates. First, we grafted amyloidogenic peptide segments from the target polypeptide [Alzheimer's amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide] into the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a stable antibody scaffold. Next, we diversified the grafted and neighboring CDR sites using focused mutagenesis to sample each WT or grafted residue, as well as one to five of the most commonly occurring amino acids at each site in human antibodies. Finally, we displayed these antibody libraries on the surface of yeast cells and selected antibodies that strongly recognize Aβ-amyloid fibrils and only weakly recognize soluble Aβ. We found that this approach enables the generation of monovalent and bivalent antibodies with nanomolar affinity for Aβ fibrils. These antibodies display high conformational and sequence specificity as well as low levels of nonspecific binding and recognize a conformational epitope at the extreme N terminus of human Aβ. We expect that this systematic approach will be useful for generating antibodies with conformational and sequence specificity against a wide range of peptide and protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Julian
- Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Lilia A Rabia
- Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Alec A Desai
- Department of Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ammar Arsiwala
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Julia E Gerson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Protein Folding Disease Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ravi S Kane
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Protein Folding Disease Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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16
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Smith LM, Kostylev MA, Lee S, Strittmatter SM. Systematic and standardized comparison of reported amyloid-β receptors for sufficiency, affinity, and Alzheimer's disease relevance. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6042-6053. [PMID: 30787106 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric assemblies of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide (Aβo) in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are toxic to neuronal synapses. More than a dozen Aβ receptor candidates have been suggested to be responsible for various aspects of the molecular pathology and memory impairment in mouse models of AD. A lack of consistent experimental design among previous studies of different receptor candidates limits evaluation of the relative roles of these candidates, producing some controversy within the field. Here, using cell-based assays with several Aβ species, including Aβo from AD brains obtained by autopsy, we directly compared the Aβ-binding capacity of multiple receptor candidates while accounting for variation in expression and confirming cell surface expression. In a survey of 15 reported Aβ receptors, only cellular prion protein (PrPC), Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LilrB2) exhibited direct binding to synaptotoxic assemblies of synthetic Aβ. Both PrPC and NgR1 preferentially bound synaptotoxic oligomers rather than nontoxic monomers, and the method of oligomer preparation did not significantly alter our binding results. Hippocampal neurons lacking both NgR1 and LilrB2 exhibited a partial reduction of Aβo binding, but this reduction was lower than in neurons lacking PrPC under the same conditions. Finally, binding studies with soluble Aβo from human AD brains revealed a strong affinity for PrPC, weak affinity for NgR1, and no detectable affinity for LilrB2. These findings clarify the relative contributions of previously reported Aβ receptors under controlled conditions and highlight the prominence of PrPC as an Aβ-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi M Smith
- From the Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536; the Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536
| | - Mikhail A Kostylev
- From the Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536
| | - Suho Lee
- From the Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- From the Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Departments of Neurology and of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536.
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17
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McIntosh A, Mela V, Harty C, Minogue AM, Costello DA, Kerskens C, Lynch MA. Iron accumulation in microglia triggers a cascade of events that leads to altered metabolism and compromised function in APP/PS1 mice. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:606-621. [PMID: 30661261 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the changes that typify Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neuroinflammation and microglial activation, amyloid deposition perhaps resulting from compromised microglial function and iron accumulation. Data from Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) identified a number of gene variants that endow a significant risk of developing AD and several of these encode proteins expressed in microglia and proteins that are implicated in the immune response. This suggests that neuroinflammation and the accompanying microglial activation are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The trigger(s) leading to these changes remain to be identified. In this study, we set out to examine the link between the inflammatory, metabolic and iron-retentive signature of microglia in vitro and in transgenic mice that overexpress the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1; APP/PS1 mice), a commonly used animal model of AD. Stimulation of cultured microglia with interferon (IFN)γ and amyloid-β (Aβ) induced an inflammatory phenotype and switched the metabolic profile and iron handling of microglia so that the cells became glycolytic and iron retentive, and the phagocytic and chemotactic function of the cells was reduced. Analysis of APP/PS1 mice by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed genotype-related hypointense areas in the hippocampus consistent with iron deposition, and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the iron accumulated in microglia, particularly in microglia that decorated Aβ deposits. Isolated microglia prepared from APP/PS1 mice were characterized by a switch to a glycolytic and iron-retentive phenotype and phagocytosis of Aβ was reduced in these cells. This evidence suggests that the switch to glycolysis in microglia may kick-start a cascade of events that ultimately leads to microglial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison McIntosh
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Virginia Mela
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Conor Harty
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aedin M Minogue
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Derek A Costello
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christian Kerskens
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marina A Lynch
- Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Lu M, Williamson N, Mishra A, Michel CH, Kaminski CF, Tunnacliffe A, Kaminski Schierle GS. Structural progression of amyloid-β Arctic mutant aggregation in cells revealed by multiparametric imaging. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:1478-1487. [PMID: 30504224 PMCID: PMC6364760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 42-amino-acid β-amyloid (Aβ42) is a critical causative agent in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. The hereditary Arctic mutation of Aβ42 (E22G) leads to increased intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid in early-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains largely unknown how the Arctic mutant variant leads to aggressive protein aggregation and increased intracellular toxicity. Here, we constructed stable cell lines expressing fluorescent-tagged wildtype (WT) and E22G Aβ42 to study the aggregation kinetics of the Arctic Aβ42 mutant peptide and its heterogeneous structural forms. Arctic-mutant peptides assemble and form fibrils at a much faster rate than WT peptides. We identified five categories of intracellular aggregate-oligomers, single fibrils, fibril bundles, clusters, and aggresomes-that underline the heterogeneity of these Aβ42 aggregates and represent the progression of Aβ42 aggregation within the cell. Fluorescence-lifetime imaging (FLIM) and 3D structural illumination microscopy (SIM) showed that all aggregate species displayed highly compact structures with strong affinity between individual fibrils. We also found that aggregates formed by Arctic mutant Aβ42 were more resistant to intracellular degradation than their WT counterparts. Our findings uncover the structural basis of the progression of Arctic mutant Aβ42 aggregation in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Williamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Mishra
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire H Michel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Tunnacliffe
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom.
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19
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Okada Y, Okubo K, Ikeda K, Yano Y, Hoshino M, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y, Itoh-Watanabe H, Naito A, Matsuzaki K. Toxic Amyloid Tape: A Novel Mixed Antiparallel/Parallel β-Sheet Structure Formed by Amyloid β-Protein on GM1 Clusters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:563-572. [PMID: 30346704 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is considered central in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We focused on membrane-mediated amyloidogenesis and found that amyloid fibrils formed on monosialoganglioside GM1 clusters were more toxic than those formed in aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated the structure of the toxic fibrils by Aβ-(1-40) in detail in comparison with less-toxic fibrils formed in aqueous solution. The less-toxic fibrils contain in-resister parallel β-sheets, whereas the structure of the toxic fibrils is unknown. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the toxic fibrils had a flat, tape-like morphology composed of a single β-sheet layer. Isotope-edited infrared spectroscopy indicated that almost the entire sequence of Aβ is included in the β-sheet. Chemical cross-linking experiments using Cys-substituted Aβs suggested that the fibrils mainly contained both in-resister parallel and two-residue-shifted antiparallel β-sheet structures. Solid-state NMR experiments also supported this conclusion. Thus, the toxic fibrils were found to possess a novel unique structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Okubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hikari Itoh-Watanabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama Naitional University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama Naitional University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Katsumi Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Han Q, Sun YA, Zong Y, Chen C, Wang HF, Tan L. Common Variants in PLXNA4 and Correlation to CSF-related Phenotypes in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:946. [PMID: 30618575 PMCID: PMC6305543 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plexin-A 4 (PLXNA4) gene, has recently been identified in genome wide association studies (GWAS), as a novel genetic player associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, PLXNA4 genetic variations were also found to increase AD risk by tau pathology in vitro. However, the potential roles of PLXNA4 variants in the amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, were not evaluated. Five targeted loci capturing the top common variations in PLXNA4, were extracted using tagger methods. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore whether these variations can affect the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (Aβ1−42, T-tau, and P-tau) phenotypes in the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. We detected that two loci (rs6467431, rs67468325) were significantly associated with CSF Aβ1−42 levels in the hybrid population (rs6467431: P = 0.01376, rs67468325: P = 0.006536) and the significance remained after false discovery rate (FDR) correction (rs6467431: Pc = 0.03441, rs67468325: Pc = 0.03268). In the subgroup analysis, we further confirmed the association of rs6467431 in the cognitively normal (CN) subgroup (P = 0.01904, Pc = 0.04761). Furthermore, rs6467431-A carriers and rs67468325-G carriers showed higher CSF Aβ1−42 levels than non-carriers. Nevertheless, we did not detect any significant relationships between the levels of T-tau, P-tau and these PLXNA4 loci. Our findings provided preliminary evidence that PLXNA4 variants can confer AD risk through modulating the Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huaian Hosipital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong-An Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda School, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Zong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Hongze Huai'an District People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Clinical Medical School, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Rösener NS, Gremer L, Reinartz E, König A, Brener O, Heise H, Hoyer W, Neudecker P, Willbold D. A d-enantiomeric peptide interferes with heteroassociation of amyloid-β oligomers and prion protein. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15748-15764. [PMID: 30131337 PMCID: PMC6187637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. One AD hallmark is the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) into soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils. Several studies have reported that oligomers rather than fibrils are the most toxic species in AD progression. Aβ oligomers bind with high affinity to membrane-associated prion protein (PrP), leading to toxic signaling across the cell membrane, which makes the Aβ-PrP interaction an attractive therapeutic target. Here, probing this interaction in more detail, we found that both full-length, soluble human (hu) PrP(23-230) and huPrP(23-144), lacking the globular C-terminal domain, bind to Aβ oligomers to form large complexes above the megadalton size range. Following purification by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation, the Aβ and huPrP contents in these heteroassemblies were quantified by reversed-phase HPLC. The Aβ:PrP molar ratio in these assemblies exhibited some limited variation depending on the molar ratio of the initial mixture. Specifically, a molar ratio of about four Aβ to one huPrP in the presence of an excess of huPrP(23-230) or huPrP(23-144) suggested that four Aβ units are required to form one huPrP-binding site. Of note, an Aβ-binding all-d-enantiomeric peptide, RD2D3, competed with huPrP for Aβ oligomers and interfered with Aβ-PrP heteroassembly in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results highlight the importance of multivalent epitopes on Aβ oligomers for Aβ-PrP interactions and have yielded an all-d-peptide-based, therapeutically promising agent that competes with PrP for these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Rösener
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Elke Reinartz
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
| | - Anna König
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Brener
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Neudecker
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Willbold
- From the Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and
- Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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22
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Ma M, Gao N, Sun Y, Du X, Ren J, Qu X. Redox-Activated Near-Infrared-Responsive Polyoxometalates Used for Photothermal Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800320. [PMID: 29920995 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adjustable structure, excellent physiochemical properties, and good biocompatibility render polyoxometalates (POMs) as a suitable drug agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous works using POMs against AD just focus on the inhibition of amyloid-β (Aβ) monomer aggregation. In consideration that both Aβ fibrils and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with clinical development of AD symptoms, it would be more effective if POMs can disaggregate Aβ fibrils and eliminate ROS as well. Herein, a redox-activated near-infrared (NIR) responsive POMs-based nanoplaform (rPOMs@MSNs@copolymer) is developed with high photothermal effect and antioxidant activity. The rPOMs@MSNs@copolymer can generate local hyperthermia to disaggregate Aβ fibrils under NIR laser irradiation because of POMs (rPOMs) with strong NIR absorption. Furthermore, Aβ-induced ROS can be scavenged by the antioxidant activity of rPOMs. To the authors' knowledge, there is no report of using rPOMs for NIR photothermal treatment of AD. This work may promote the development of multifunctional inorganic agents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Nan Gao
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiubo Du
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering; Shenzhen University; Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Jilin 130022 China
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23
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Abstract
The histopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaque formation. The latter results from an exacerbated production (familial AD cases) or altered degradation (sporadic cases) of 40/42-amino acid-long β-amyloid peptides (Aβ peptides) that are produced by sequential cleavages of Aβ precursor protein (βAPP) by β- and γ-secretases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis proposes a key role for the full-length Aβ42 and the Aβ40/42 ratio in AD etiology, in which soluble Aβ oligomers lead to neurotoxicity, tau hyperphosphorylation, aggregation, and, ultimately, cognitive defects. However, following this postulate, during the last decade, several clinical approaches aimed at decreasing full-length Aβ42 production or neutralizing it by immunotherapy have failed to reduce or even stabilize AD-related decline. Thus, the Aβ peptide (Aβ40/42)-centric hypothesis is probably a simplified view of a much more complex situation involving a multiplicity of APP fragments and Aβ catabolites. Indeed, biochemical analyses of AD brain deposits and fluids have unraveled an Aβ peptidome consisting of additional Aβ-related species. Such Aβ catabolites could be due to either primary enzymatic cleavages of βAPP or secondary processing of Aβ itself by exopeptidases. Here, we review the diversity of N- and C-terminally truncated Aβ peptides and their biosynthesis and outline their potential function/toxicity. We also highlight their potential as new pharmaceutical targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dunys
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz," 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Audrey Valverde
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz," 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- From the Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz," 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
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24
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Hu W, Wang Z, Zheng H. Mitochondrial accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides requires TOMM22 as a main Aβ receptor in yeast. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12681-12689. [PMID: 29925587 PMCID: PMC6102147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial accumulation of intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is present in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as in related mouse models of AD. This accumulation is extremely toxic because Aβ disrupts the normal functions of many mitochondrial proteins, resulting in significant mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial accumulation of Aβ is useful for future pharmaceutical design of drugs to address mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of this accumulation process remains elusive. Here, using yeast mitochondria, we present direct experimental evidence suggesting that Aβ is specifically recognized by translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane subunit 22 (Tom22 in yeast; TOMM22 in human), a noncanonical receptor within the mitochondrial protein import machinery, and that this recognition is critical for Aβ accumulation in mitochondria. Furthermore, we found that residues 25-42 in the Aβ peptide mediate the specific interaction with TOMM22. On the basis of our findings, we propose that cytosolic Aβ is recognized by TOMM22; transferred to another translocase subunit, TOMM40; and transported through the TOMM channel into the mitochondria. Our results not only confirm that yeast mitochondria can be used as a model to study mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Aβ peptides in AD but also pave the way for future studies of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Hu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Zhiming Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Hongjin Zheng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, To whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8101, Aurora, CO 80045. Tel.:
303-724-9374; Fax:
303-724-3215; E-mail:
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25
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Yamamoto N, Ishikuro R, Tanida M, Suzuki K, Ikeda-Matsuo Y, Sobue K. Insulin-signaling Pathway Regulates the Degradation of Amyloid β-protein via Astrocytes. Neuroscience 2018; 385:227-36. [PMID: 29932983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been considered as a metabolic dysfunction disease associated with impaired insulin signaling. Determining the mechanisms underlying insulin signaling dysfunction and resistance in AD will be important for its treatment. Impaired clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) significantly contributes to amyloid accumulation, which is typically observed in the brain of AD patients. Reduced expression of important Aβ-degrading enzymes in the brain, such as neprilysin (NEP) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), can promote Aβ deposition in sporadic late-onset AD patients. Here, we investigated whether insulin regulates the degradation of Aβ by inducing expression of NEP and IDE in cultured astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with insulin significantly reduced cellular NEP levels, but increased IDE expression. The effects of insulin on the expression of NEP and IDE involved activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathway. The reduction in cellular NEP levels was associated with NEP secretion into the culture medium, whereas IDE was increased in the cell membranes. Moreover, insulin-treated astrocytes significantly facilitated the degradation of exogenous Aβ within the culture medium. Interestingly, pretreatment of astrocytes with an ERK inhibitor prior to insulin exposure markedly inhibited insulin-induced degradation of Aβ. These results suggest that insulin exposure enhanced Aβ degradation via an increase in NEP secretion and IDE expression in astrocytes, via activation of the ERK-mediated pathway. The inhibition of insulin signaling pathways delayed Aβ degradation by attenuating alterations in NEP and IDE levels and competition with insulin and Aβ. Our results provide further insight into the pathological relevance of insulin resistance in AD development.
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26
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Coimbra JRM, Marques DFF, Baptista SJ, Pereira CMF, Moreira PI, Dinis TCP, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Highlights in BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Front Chem 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 29881722 PMCID: PMC5977085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The clinical symptoms of AD include a progressive loss of memory and impairment of cognitive functions interfering with daily life activities. The main neuropathological features consist in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in AD is essential for rational design of neuroprotective agents able to prevent disease progression. According to the "Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis" the critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD is the accumulation of Aβ neurotoxic oligomers. Since the proteolytic processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ, this enzyme is considered a major therapeutic target and BACE1 inhibitors have the potential to be disease-modifying drugs for AD treatment. Therefore, intensive efforts to discover and develop inhibitors that can reach the brain and effectively inhibit BACE1 have been pursued by several groups worldwide. The aim of this review is to highlight the progress in the discovery of potent and selective small molecule BACE1 inhibitors over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R. M. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. F. Marques
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Salete J. Baptista
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Chem4Pharma, Edifício IPN IncubadoraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M. F. Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
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27
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Choi S, Won JS, Carroll SL, Annamalai B, Singh I, Singh AK. Pathology of nNOS-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 384:41-53. [PMID: 29782905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia that is often accompanied by mood and emotional disturbances and seizures. There is growing body of evidence that neurons expressing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play an important role in regulation of cognition, mood, and emotion as well as seizure susceptibility, but participation of GABAergic neuronal pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not understood well at present. Here, we report that transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein Swedish-Dutch-Iowa mutant (APPSweDI) exhibit early loss of neurons expressing GAD67, a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, in advance of the loss of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region. The loss of GAD67+ neurons in APPSweDI mice accompanied with decreased spatial cognition as well as increased anxiety-like behaviors and kainic acid-induced seizure susceptibility at early phase. In the hippocampal CA1 region, GAD67+ neurons expressed high basal levels of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitrosative stress (nitrotyrosine). Similarly, GAD67+ neurons in primary cortical and hippocampal neuron cultures also expressed high basal levels of nNOS and degenerated in response to lower Aβ concentrations due to their high basal levels of nitrosative stress. Given the role of GABAergic neurons in cognitive and neuropsychiatric functions, this study reports the role of nNOS-mediated nitrosative stress in dysfunction of GABAergic neurons and its potential participation in early development of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD.
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28
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Stopschinski BE, Holmes BB, Miller GM, Manon VA, Vaquer-Alicea J, Prueitt WL, Hsieh-Wilson LC, Diamond MI. Specific glycosaminoglycan chain length and sulfation patterns are required for cell uptake of tau versus α-synuclein and β-amyloid aggregates. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10826-10840. [PMID: 29752409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcellular propagation of protein aggregate "seeds" has been proposed to mediate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases in tauopathies and α-synucleinopathies. We previously reported that tau and α-synuclein aggregates bind heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the cell surface, promoting cellular uptake and intracellular seeding. However, the specificity and binding mode of these protein aggregates to HSPGs remain unknown. Here, we measured direct interaction with modified heparins to determine the size and sulfation requirements for tau, α-synuclein, and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregate binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Varying the GAG length and sulfation patterns, we next conducted competition studies with heparin derivatives in cell-based assays. Tau aggregates required a precise GAG architecture with defined sulfate moieties in the N- and 6-O-positions, whereas the binding of α-synuclein and Aβ aggregates was less stringent. To determine the genes required for aggregate uptake, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to individually knock out the major genes of the HSPG synthesis pathway in HEK293T cells. Knockouts of the extension enzymes exostosin 1 (EXT1), exostosin 2 (EXT2), and exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3), as well as N-sulfotransferase (NDST1) or 6-O-sulfotransferase (HS6ST2) significantly reduced tau uptake, consistent with our biochemical findings, and knockouts of EXT1, EXT2, EXTL3, or NDST1, but not HS6ST2 reduced α-synuclein uptake. In summary, tau aggregates display specific interactions with HSPGs that depend on GAG length and sulfate moiety position, whereas α-synuclein and Aβ aggregates exhibit more flexible interactions with HSPGs. These principles may inform the development of mechanism-based therapies to block transcellular propagation of amyloid protein-based pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Stopschinski
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,the Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brandon B Holmes
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390.,the Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Gregory M Miller
- the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Victor A Manon
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Jaime Vaquer-Alicea
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - William L Prueitt
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Marc I Diamond
- From the Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390,
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29
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the most predominant cause of dementia among the aged people. Previously, two hallmarks of AD pathology including extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside neurons have been identified. With a better understanding of this disease, neuroinflammation has been a focus, and as its initial event, innate immune activation plays an indispensable role. In brain, as an endogenous stimulator, extracellular Aβ deposition activates innate immunity through binding to the pattern recognition receptors (PRR), thus leading to the production and release of substantial inflammatory mediators (NO and ROS) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-33 and TNF-α) contributing to the development of AD. Epidemiologic evidence has suggested an affirmative influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on delaying the progression of AD. Therefore, blocking the inflammatory process may be an effective way to delay or even cure AD. In this review, we mainly elucidate the mechanism underlying these immune responses in AD pathogenesis and attempt to seek the therapeutic methods targeting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dan Miao
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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30
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Huang X, Wang J, Chen X, Liu P, Wang S, Song F, Zhang Z, Zhu F, Huang X, Liu J, Song G, Spencer PS, Yang X. The Prenylflavonoid Xanthohumol Reduces Alzheimer-Like Changes and Modulates Multiple Pathogenic Molecular Pathways in the Neuro2a/APP swe Cell Model of AD. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29670521 PMCID: PMC5893754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that has proved refractory to drug treatment. Given evidence of neuroprotection in animal models of ischemic stroke, we assessed the prenylflavonoid xanthohumol from the Common Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) for therapeutic potential in murine neuroblastoma N2a cells stably expressing human Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (N2a/APP), a well-characterized cellular model of AD. The ELISA and Western-blot analysis revealed that xanthohumol (Xn) inhibited Aβ accumulation and APP processing, and that Xn ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation via PP2A, GSK3β pathways in N2a/APP cells. The amelioration of tau hyperphosphorylation by Xn was also validated on HEK293/Tau cells, another cell line with tau hyperphosphorylation. Proteomic analysis (2D-DIGE-coupled MS) revealed a total of 30 differentially expressed lysate proteins in N2a/APP vs. wild-type (WT) N2a cells (N2a/WT), and a total of 21 differentially expressed proteins in lysates of N2a/APP cells in the presence or absence of Xn. Generally, these 51 differential proteins could be classified into seven main categories according to their functions, including: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins; oxidative stress-associated proteins; proteasome-associated proteins; ATPase and metabolism-associated proteins; cytoskeleton-associated proteins; molecular chaperones-associated proteins, and others. We used Western-blot analysis to validate Xn-associated changes of some key proteins in several biological/pathogenic processes. Taken together, we show that Xn reduces AD-related changes in stably transfected N2a/APP cells. The underlying mechanisms involve modulation of multiple pathogenic pathways, including those involved in ER stress, oxidative stress, proteasome molecular systems, and the neuronal cytoskeleton. These results suggest Xn may have potential for the treatment of AD and/or neuropathologically related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Weifang Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Fangchen Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Department of Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Peter S Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Hashimoto S, Ishii A, Kamano N, Watamura N, Saito T, Ohshima T, Yokosuka M, Saido TC. Endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease: Overexpression paradigm versus knockin paradigm. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3118-3125. [PMID: 29298895 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is believed to play an important role in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The accumulation of misfolded proteins and perturbation of intracellular calcium homeostasis are thought to underlie the induction of ER stress, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Several reports have shown an increased ER stress response in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin1 (PS1) double-transgenic (Tg) AD mouse models. However, whether the ER stress observed in these mouse models is actually caused by AD pathology remains unclear. APP and PS1 contain one and nine transmembrane domains, respectively, for which it has been postulated that overexpressed membrane proteins can become wedged in a misfolded configuration in ER membranes, thereby inducing nonspecific ER stress. Here, we used an App-knockin (KI) AD mouse model that accumulates amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide without overexpressing APP to investigate whether the ER stress response is heightened because of Aβ pathology. Thorough examinations indicated that no ER stress responses arose in App-KI or single APP-Tg mice. These results suggest that PS1 overexpression or mutation induced a nonspecific ER stress response that was independent of Aβ pathology in the double-Tg mice. Moreover, we observed no ER stress in a mouse model of tauopathy (P301S-Tau-Tg mice) at various ages, suggesting that ER stress is also not essential in tau pathology-induced neurodegeneration. We conclude that the role of ER stress in AD pathogenesis needs to be carefully addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,
| | - Ayano Ishii
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-City, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamano
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoto Watamura
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan, and
| | - Takashi Saito
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan, and
| | - Makoto Yokosuka
- Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-City, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- From the Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan,
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32
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Krotee P, Griner SL, Sawaya MR, Cascio D, Rodriguez JA, Shi D, Philipp S, Murray K, Saelices L, Lee J, Seidler P, Glabe CG, Jiang L, Gonen T, Eisenberg DS. Common fibrillar spines of amyloid-β and human islet amyloid polypeptide revealed by microelectron diffraction and structure-based inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2888-2902. [PMID: 29282295 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) aggregate to form amyloid fibrils that deposit in tissues and are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type II diabetes (T2D), respectively. Individuals with T2D have an increased risk of developing AD, and conversely, AD patients have an increased risk of developing T2D. Evidence suggests that this link between AD and T2D might originate from a structural similarity between aggregates of Aβ and hIAPP. Using the cryoEM method microelectron diffraction, we determined the atomic structures of 11-residue segments from both Aβ and hIAPP, termed Aβ(24-34) WT and hIAPP(19-29) S20G, with 64% sequence similarity. We observed a high degree of structural similarity between their backbone atoms (0.96-Å root mean square deviation). Moreover, fibrils of these segments induced amyloid formation through self- and cross-seeding. Furthermore, inhibitors designed for one segment showed cross-efficacy for full-length Aβ and hIAPP and reduced cytotoxicity of both proteins, although by apparently blocking different cytotoxic mechanisms. The similarity of the atomic structures of Aβ(24-34) WT and hIAPP(19-29) S20G offers a molecular model for cross-seeding between Aβ and hIAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Krotee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sarah L Griner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Duilio Cascio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Dan Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147
| | - Stephan Philipp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Kevin Murray
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ji Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Paul Seidler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Biology Institute, and Brain Research Institute (BRI), David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, 90095
| | - Tamir Gonen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCLA-United States Department of Energy (DOE) Institute, Departments of Biological Chemistry and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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33
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Williamson RL, Laulagnier K, Miranda AM, Fernandez MA, Wolfe MS, Sadoul R, Di Paolo G. Disruption of amyloid precursor protein ubiquitination selectively increases amyloid β (Aβ) 40 levels via presenilin 2-mediated cleavage. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19873-19889. [PMID: 29021256 PMCID: PMC5712626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, are largely composed of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, derived from cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. The endosome is increasingly recognized as an important crossroad for APP and these secretases, with major implications for APP processing and amyloidogenesis. Among various post-translational modifications affecting APP accumulation, ubiquitination of cytodomain lysines may represent a key signal controlling APP endosomal sorting. Here, we show that substitution of APP C-terminal lysines with arginine disrupts APP ubiquitination and that an increase in the number of substituted lysines tends to increase APP metabolism. An APP mutant lacking all C-terminal lysines underwent the most pronounced increase in processing, leading to accumulation of both secreted and intracellular Aβ40. Artificial APP ubiquitination with rapalog-mediated proximity inducers reduced Aβ40 generation. A lack of APP C-terminal lysines caused APP redistribution from endosomal intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) to the endosomal limiting membrane, with a subsequent decrease in APP C-terminal fragment (CTF) content in secreted exosomes, but had minimal effects on APP lysosomal degradation. Both the increases in secreted and intracellular Aβ40 were abolished by depletion of presenilin 2 (PSEN2), recently shown to be enriched on the endosomal limiting membrane compared with PSEN1. Our findings demonstrate that ubiquitin can act as a signal at five cytodomain-located lysines for endosomal sorting of APP. They further suggest that disruption of APP endosomal sorting reduces its sequestration in ILVs and results in PSEN2-mediated processing of a larger pool of APP-CTF on the endosomal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Laulagnier
- the Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - André M Miranda
- From the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and
- the Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho and
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal, and
| | - Marty A Fernandez
- the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Rémy Sadoul
- the Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- From the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and
- the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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34
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Gasparotto J, Girardi CS, Somensi N, Ribeiro CT, Moreira JCF, Michels M, Sonai B, Rocha M, Steckert AV, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Dal-Pizzol F, Gelain DP. Receptor for advanced glycation end products mediates sepsis-triggered amyloid-β accumulation, Tau phosphorylation, and cognitive impairment. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:226-244. [PMID: 29127203 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.786756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients recovering from sepsis have higher rates of CNS morbidities associated with long-lasting impairment of cognitive functions, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular etiology of these sepsis-induced impairments is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration-associated changes, and cognitive dysfunction arising after sepsis recovery. Adult Wistar rats underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), and serum and brain (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) samples were obtained at days 1, 15, and 30 after the CLP. We examined these samples for systemic and brain inflammation; amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and Ser-202-phosphorylated Tau (p-TauSer-202) levels; and RAGE, RAGE ligands, and RAGE intracellular signaling. Serum markers associated with the acute proinflammatory phase of sepsis (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) rapidly increased and then progressively decreased during the 30-day period post-CLP, concomitant with a progressive increase in RAGE ligands (S100B, Nϵ-[carboxymethyl]lysine, HSP70, and HMGB1). In the brain, levels of RAGE and Toll-like receptor 4, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase, and Aβ and p-TauSer-202 also increased during that time. Of note, intracerebral injection of RAGE antibody into the hippocampus at days 15, 17, and 19 post-CLP reduced Aβ and p-TauSer-202 accumulation, Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and behavioral deficits associated with cognitive decline. These results indicate that brain RAGE is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders following acute systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juciano Gasparotto
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina S Girardi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil
| | - Nauana Somensi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil
| | - Camila T Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil
| | - José C F Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Sonai
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Mariane Rocha
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda V Steckert
- Laboratório de Neurociências at Programa de Pós-GraduaçΔo em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-Criciúma, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratório de Neurociências at Programa de Pós-GraduaçΔo em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-Criciúma, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - JoΔo Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências at Programa de Pós-GraduaçΔo em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense-Criciúma, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina, Criciúma 88806-000 SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003 RS, Brazil.
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35
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Lanchec E, Désilets A, Béliveau F, Flamier A, Mahmoud S, Bernier G, Gris D, Leduc R, Lavoie C. The type II transmembrane serine protease matriptase cleaves the amyloid precursor protein and reduces its processing to β-amyloid peptide. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20669-20682. [PMID: 29054928 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that many proteases, besides the canonical α-, β-, and γ-secretases, cleave the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and modulate β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide production. Moreover, specific APP isoforms contain Kunitz protease-inhibitory domains, which regulate the proteolytic activity of serine proteases. This prompted us to investigate the role of matriptase, a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family, in APP processing. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we detected matriptase mRNA in several regions of the human brain with an enrichment in neurons. RNA sequencing data of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex revealed relatively high levels of matriptase RNA in young individuals, whereas lower levels were detected in older individuals. We further demonstrate that matriptase and APP directly interact with each other and that matriptase cleaves APP at a specific arginine residue (Arg-102) both in vitro and in cells. Site-directed (Arg-to-Ala) mutagenesis of this cleavage site abolished matriptase-mediated APP processing. Moreover, we observed that a soluble, shed matriptase form cleaves endogenous APP in SH-SY5Y cells and that this cleavage significantly reduces APP processing to Aβ40. In summary, this study identifies matriptase as an APP-cleaving enzyme, an activity that could have important consequences for the abundance of Aβ and in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Lanchec
- From the Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Antoine Désilets
- From the Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - François Béliveau
- From the Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Anthony Flamier
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Shaimaa Mahmoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada, and
| | - Gilbert Bernier
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Denis Gris
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada, and
| | - Richard Leduc
- From the Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada,
| | - Christine Lavoie
- From the Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H5N4, Canada,
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36
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Perlenfein TJ, Murphy RM. A mechanistic model to predict effects of cathepsin B and cystatin C on β-amyloid aggregation and degradation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21071-21082. [PMID: 29046353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is thought to initiate a cascade of neurodegenerative events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much effort is underway to develop strategies to reduce Aβ concentration or inhibit aggregation. Cathepsin B (CatB) proteolytically degrades Aβ into non-aggregating fragments but is potently inhibited by cystatin C (CysC). It has been suggested that decreasing CysC would facilitate Aβ clearance by relieving CatB inhibition. However, CysC binds Aβ and inhibits Aβ aggregation, suggesting that an intervention that increases CysC would prevent Aβ aggregation. Both approaches have been tested in animal models, yielding contradictory results, possibly because of the opposing influences of CysC on Aβ degradation versus aggregation. Here, we sought to develop a model that quantitatively predicts the effects of CysC and CatB on Aβ aggregation. Aβ aggregation kinetics in the absence of CatB or CysC was measured. The rate constant for Aβ degradation by CatB and the equilibrium constant for binding of CysC to Aβ were determined. We derived a mathematical model that combines material balances and kinetic rate equations. The model accurately predicted Aβ aggregation kinetics at various CatB and CysC concentrations. We derived approximate expressions for the half-times of degradation and aggregation and show that their ratio can be used to estimate, at any given Aβ, CatB, or CysC concentration, whether Aβ aggregation or degradation will result. Our results may be useful for designing experiments and interpreting results from investigations of manipulation of CysC concentration as an AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Perlenfein
- From the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Regina M Murphy
- From the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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37
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Guntupalli S, Jang SE, Zhu T, Huganir RL, Widagdo J, Anggono V. GluA1 subunit ubiquitination mediates amyloid-β-induced loss of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8186-8194. [PMID: 28377502 PMCID: PMC5437227 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.774554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides produces profound neuronal changes in the brain during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Excessive levels of Aβ disrupt excitatory synaptic transmission by promoting the removal of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs), dendritic spine loss, and synaptic depression. Recently, activity-dependent ubiquitination of the GluA1 subunit has been shown to regulate the intracellular sorting of AMPARs toward late endosomes for degradation. However, whether this ubiquitin signaling pathway mediates Aβ-induced loss of surface AMPARs is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that acute exposure of cultured neurons to soluble Aβ oligomers induces AMPAR ubiquitination concomitant with the removal of AMPARs from the plasma membrane. Importantly, expression of the GluA1 ubiquitin-deficient mutants inhibited the adverse effects of Aβ on the surface expression of AMPARs in neurons. Furthermore, we revealed the cross-talk between GluA1 ubiquitination and phosphorylation, in particular phosphorylation at Ser-845, which is crucial for AMPAR recycling and is known to be dephosphorylated in the presence of Aβ. Our data showed that the GluA1 ubiquitin-deficient mutant enhances GluA1 phosphorylation on Ser-845. Conversely, the GluA1 S845D phosphomimetic mutant reduced binding with Nedd4-1 and hence the ubiquitination of AMPARs. Importantly, the GluA1 S845D mutant also prevented Aβ-induced removal of surface AMPARs. Taken together, these findings provide the first demonstration of the dynamic cross-modulation of GluA1 ubiquitination and phosphorylation, a process that is perturbed by Aβ, in regulating the membrane sorting decision that ultimately determines the number of AMPARs on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumasri Guntupalli
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Se Eun Jang
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience and Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jocelyn Widagdo
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Victor Anggono
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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38
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Hatami A, Monjazeb S, Milton S, Glabe CG. Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations within the Amyloid Precursor Protein Alter the Aggregation and Conformation of the Amyloid-β Peptide. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3172-3185. [PMID: 28049728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic, but a small percentage of AD cases, called familial AD (FAD), are associated with mutations in presenilin 1, presenilin 2, or the amyloid precursor protein. Amyloid precursor protein mutations falling within the amyloid-β (Aβ) sequence lead to a wide range of disease phenotypes. There is increasing evidence that distinct amyloid structures distinguished by amyloid conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies have similarly distinct roles in pathology. It is possible that this phenotypic diversity of FAD associated with mutations within the Aβ sequence is due to differences in the conformations adopted by mutant Aβ peptides, but the effects of FAD mutations on aggregation kinetics and conformational and morphological changes of the Aβ peptide are poorly defined. To gain more insight into this possibility, we therefore investigated the effects of 11 FAD mutations on the aggregation kinetics of Aβ, as well as its ability to form distinct conformations recognized by a panel of amyloid conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. We found that most FAD mutations increased the rate of aggregation of Aβ. The FAD mutations also led to the adoption of alternative amyloid conformations distinguished by monoclonal antibodies and resulted in the formation of distinct aggregate morphologies as determined by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, several of the mutant peptides displayed a large reduction in thioflavin T fluorescence, despite forming abundant fibrils indicating that thioflavin T is a probe of conformational polymorphisms rather than a reliable indicator of fibrillization. Taken together, these results indicate that FAD mutations falling within the Aβ sequence lead to dramatic changes in aggregation kinetics and influence the ability of Aβ to form immunologically and morphologically distinct amyloid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Hatami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sanaz Monjazeb
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Saskia Milton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Charles G Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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39
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Sakai K, Senda T, Hata R, Kuroda M, Hasegawa M, Kato M, Abe M, Kawaguchi K, Nakai S, Hiki Y, Yuzawa Y, Kitaguchi N. Patients that have Undergone Hemodialysis Exhibit Lower Amyloid Deposition in the Brain: Evidence Supporting a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease by Removal of Blood Amyloid. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:997-1002. [PMID: 26923028 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As a proof of concept that removal of blood amyloid-β (Aβ) can reduce Aβ deposition in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, cortices of patients who had undergone hemodialysis (HD), which removes Aβ from the blood, were histochemically analyzed; postmortem brain sections were stained with anti-Aβ antibodies. Brains from patients who had undergone HD had significantly fewer senile plaques than those of patient who had not undergone HD. This significant difference was also confirmed by silver staining. Our findings suggest that removal of blood Aβ by hemodialysis results in lower accumulation of Aβ in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Sakai
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takao Senda
- Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hata
- Department of Anatomy I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masao Kato
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masato Abe
- Faculty of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakai
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hiki
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitaguchi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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40
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Saleem S, Biswas SC. Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Amyloid-β-induced Neuronal Death. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2571-2585. [PMID: 28011637 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuron death is considered central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among several death modalities, autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in Aβ-induced neuron death suggesting that there may be regulatory mechanisms that initiate both cell death pathways. However, molecules that govern both pathways have not been identified. Here, we report that, upon Aβ treatment, tribbles pseudokinase 3 (Trib3, an ortholog of Drosophila Tribbles) is up-regulated in neurons both in vivo and in vitro Increased Trib3 levels inhibited the activity of the kinase Akt by interacting with it. As a result, forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a transcription factor that is negatively regulated by Akt, was activated, translocated to the nucleus, and induced the pro-apoptotic gene BCL2-like 11 (Bim). Conversely, FoxO1 responded to Aβ insult by binding to the Trib3 gene promoter, enhancing its expression. Our investigations further revealed that Trib3 also induces autophagy. We found that Trib3 indirectly activates unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase1 (Ulk1) by impeding phosphorylation of, and thus inactivating, a negative regulator of Ulk1, mechanistic target of rapamycin. Ulk1 activation augmented autophagosome formation and reduced autophagy flux. Thus, Trib3 was required for formation of autophagosomes, which accumulated in neurons as autophagic flux was thwarted. Most importantly, silencing endogenous Trib3 strongly protected neurons from Aβ insult. Our results suggest that a self-amplifying feed-forward loop among Trib3, Akt, and FoxO1 in Aβ-treated neurons induces both apoptosis and autophagy, culminating in neuron death. Thus, Trib3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Saleem
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- From the Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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41
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Abstract
Over half a century ago, D. S. Falconer first reported a mouse with a reeling gate. Four decades later, the Reln gene was isolated and identified as the cause of the reeler phenotype. Initial studies found that loss of Reelin, a large, secreted glycoprotein encoded by the Reln gene, results in abnormal neuronal layering throughout several regions of the brain. In the years since, the known functions of Reelin signaling in the brain have expanded to include multiple postdevelopmental neuromodulatory roles, revealing an ever increasing body of evidence to suggest that Reelin signaling is a critical player in the modulation of synaptic function. In writing this review, we intend to highlight the most fundamental aspects of Reelin signaling and integrate how these various neuromodulatory effects shape and protect synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Wasser
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and
| | - Joachim Herz
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, .,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, and.,Department of Neuroscience.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390
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42
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Pinnock EC, Jovanovic K, Pinto MG, Ferreira E, Dias BDC, Penny C, Knackmuss S, Reusch U, Little M, Schatzl HM, Weiss SFT. LRP/LR Antibody Mediated Rescuing of Amyloid-β-Induced Cytotoxicity is Dependent on PrPc in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:645-57. [PMID: 26484914 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal perturbations in Alzheimer's disease are attributed to the formation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) neuritic plaques, composed predominantly of the neurotoxic Aβ42 isoform. Although the plaques have demonstrated a role in synaptic dysfunction, neuronal cytotoxicity has been attributed to soluble Aβ42 oligomers. The 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor has been implicated in Aβ42 shedding and Aβ42-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, as well as internalization of this neurotoxic peptide. As the cellular prion protein binds to both LRP/LR and Aβ42, the mechanism underlying this cytotoxicity may be indirectly due to the PrPc-Aβ42 interaction with LRP/LR. The effects of this interaction were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays. PrPc overexpression significantly enhanced Aβ42 cytotoxicity in vitro, while PrP-/- cells were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of Aβ42 and exhibited significantly less cell death than PrPc expressing N2a cells. Although anti-LRP/LR specific antibody IgG1-iS18 significantly enhanced cell viability in both pSFV1-huPrP1-253 transfected and non-transfected cells treated with exogenous Aβ42, it failed to have any cell rescuing effect in PrP-/- HpL3-4 cells. These results suggest that LRP/LR plays a significant role in Aβ42-PrPc mediated cytotoxicity and that anti-LRP/LR specific antibodies may serve as potential therapeutic tools for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Pinnock
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | - Katarina Jovanovic
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | - Maxine G Pinto
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | - Eloise Ferreira
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | - Bianca Da Costa Dias
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
| | | | - Uwe Reusch
- Affimed GmbH, Technologiepark, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hermann M Schatzl
- Department of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stefan F T Weiss
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA)
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43
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Kimura A, Hata S, Suzuki T. Alternative Selection of β-Site APP-Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) Cleavage Sites in Amyloid β-Protein Precursor (APP) Harboring Protective and Pathogenic Mutations within the Aβ Sequence. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24041-24053. [PMID: 27687728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) cleaves amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) at the bond between Met671 and Asp672 (β-site) to generate the carboxyl-terminal fragment (CTFβ/C99). BACE1 also cleaves APP at another bond between Thr681 and Gln682 (β'-site), yielding CTFβ'/C89. Cleavage of CTFβ/C99 by γ-secretase generates Aβ(1-XX), whereas cleavage of CTFβ'/C89 generates Aβ(11-XX). Thus, β'-site cleavage by BACE1 is amyloidolytic rather than amyloidogenic. β' cleavage of mouse APP is more common than the corresponding cleavage of human APP. We found that the H684R substitution within human Aβ, which replaces the histidine in the human protein with the arginine found at the corresponding position in mouse, facilitated β' cleavage irrespective of the species origin of BACE1, thereby significantly increasing the level of Aβ(11-XX) and decreasing the level of Aβ(1-XX). Thus, amino acid substitutions within the Aβ sequence influenced the selectivity of alternative β- or β'-site cleavage of APP by BACE1. In familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), the APP gene harbors pathogenic variations such as the Swedish (K670N/M671L), Leuven (E682K), and A673V mutations, all of which decrease Aβ(11-40) generation, whereas the protective Icelandic mutation (A673T) increases generation of Aβ(11-40). Thus, A673T promotes β' cleavage of APP and protects subjects against AD. In addition, CTFβ/C99 was cleaved by excess BACE1 activity to generate CTFβ'/C89, followed by Aβ(11-40), even if APP harbored pathogenic mutations. The resultant Aβ(11-40) was more metabolically labile in vivo than Aβ(1-40). Our analysis suggests that some FAD mutations in APP are amyloidogenic and/or amyloidolytic via selection of alternative BACE1 cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kimura
- From the Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- From the Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- From the Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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44
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Qin X, Wang Y, Paudel HK. Early Growth Response 1 (Egr-1) Is a Transcriptional Activator of β-Secretase 1 (BACE-1) in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22276-22287. [PMID: 27576688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is regarded as central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ is generated by a sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) followed by γ-secretase. BACE-1 cleavage of APP is the committed step in Aβ synthesis. Understanding the mechanism by which BACE-1 is activated leading to Aβ synthesis in the brain can provide better understanding of AD pathology and help to develop novel therapies. In this study, we found that the levels of Aβ and BACE-1 are significantly reduced in the brains of mice lacking transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1) when compared with the WT. We demonstrate that in COS-7 cells, Egr-1 binds to the BACE-1 promoter and activates BACE-1 transcription. In rat hippocampal primary neurons, overexpression of Egr-1 induces BACE-1 expression, activates BACE-1, promotes amyloidogenic APP processing, and enhances Aβ synthesis. In mouse hippocampal primary neurons, knockdown of BACE-1 almost completely blocks Egr-1-induced amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ synthesis. Our data indicate that Egr-1 promotes Aβ synthesis via transcriptional activation of BACE-1 and suggest that Egr-1 plays role in activation of BACE-1 and acceleration of Aβ synthesis in AD brain. Egr-1 is a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xike Qin
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and
| | - Yunling Wang
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and
| | - Hemant K Paudel
- From the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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45
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Yasuno F, Kazui H, Morita N, Kajimoto K, Ihara M, Taguchi A, Yamamoto A, Matsuoka K, Kosaka J, Kudo T, Iida H, Kishimoto T, Nagatsuka K. High amyloid-β deposition related to depressive symptoms in older individuals with normal cognition: a pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31:920-8. [PMID: 26766490 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported depressive symptoms in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with cortical amyloid burden. In order to do this, we measured cortical amyloid via (11) C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([(11) C]PIB) uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) in cognitively normal subjects. METHODS We performed [(11) C]PIB-PET in 29 cognitively normal, older participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Aβ deposition was quantified by binding potential (BPND ), and the association between cortical mean BPND values and GDS scores was evaluated. Analysis of parametric BPND images was performed to examine the relationship between regional BPND and GDS scores. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and mean cortical PIB-BPND in groups of subjects with middle to high PIB-BPND . There was little change in GDS-depression score between subjects with low and middle PIB-BPND levels, while an increase in GDS was shown in the high PIB-BPND group. The main BPND increase was localized to the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) in subjects with high PIB-BPND , and we found a significant positive relationship between PIB-BPND in this area and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Emotional dysregulation because of Aβ neuropathology in the PCu/PCC may relate to depressive symptoms. More specifically, we found that older, cognitively normal patients with depressive episodes were more likely to have underlying AD pathology. Thus, depressive symptoms may increase the predictive ability of the identification of future AD cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kazui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Naomi Morita
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Kajimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihide Yamamoto
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jun Kosaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Nagatsuka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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46
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Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Kumar S, Walter J, Zweckstetter M. Phosphorylation Interferes with Maturation of Amyloid-β Fibrillar Structure in the N Terminus. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16059-67. [PMID: 27252381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.728956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by the ubiquitous presence of modifications in protein deposits. Despite their potential significance in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of posttranslational modifications on the molecular properties of protein aggregates are largely unknown. Here, we study the Alzheimer disease-related amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and investigate how phosphorylation at serine 8 affects the structure of Aβ aggregates. Serine 8 is shown to be located in a region of high conformational flexibility in monomeric Aβ, which upon phosphorylation undergoes changes in local conformational dynamics. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange NMR and fluorescence quenching techniques, we demonstrate that Aβ phosphorylation at serine 8 causes structural changes in the N-terminal region of Aβ aggregates in favor of less compact conformations. Structural changes induced by serine 8 phosphorylation can provide a mechanistic link between phosphorylation and other biological events that involve the N-terminal region of Aβ aggregates. Our data therefore support an important role of posttranslational modifications in the structural polymorphism of amyloid aggregates and their modulatory effect on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany,
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany, Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Tien NT, Karaca I, Tamboli IY, Walter J. Trehalose Alters Subcellular Trafficking and the Metabolism of the Alzheimer-associated Amyloid Precursor Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10528-40. [PMID: 26957541 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.719286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose is commonly considered to stimulate autophagy. Cell treatment with trehalose could decrease cytosolic aggregates of potentially pathogenic proteins, including mutant huntingtin, α-synuclein, and phosphorylated tau that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate that trehalose also alters the metabolism of the Alzheimer disease-related amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cell treatment with trehalose decreased the degradation of full-length APP and its C-terminal fragments. Trehalose also reduced the secretion of the amyloid-β peptide. Biochemical and cell biological experiments revealed that trehalose alters the subcellular distribution and decreases the degradation of APP C-terminal fragments in endolysosomal compartments. Trehalose also led to strong accumulation of the autophagic marker proteins LC3-II and p62, and decreased the proteolytic activation of the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin D. The combined data indicate that trehalose decreases the lysosomal metabolism of APP by altering its endocytic vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T Tien
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ilker Karaca
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irfan Y Tamboli
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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48
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Schnöder L, Hao W, Qin Y, Liu S, Tomic I, Liu X, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Deficiency of Neuronal p38α MAPK Attenuates Amyloid Pathology in Alzheimer Disease Mouse and Cell Models through Facilitating Lysosomal Degradation of BACE1. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2067-79. [PMID: 26663083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.695916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) damages neurons and triggers microglial inflammatory activation in the Alzheimer disease (AD) brain. BACE1 is the primary enzyme in Aβ generation. Neuroinflammation potentially up-regulates BACE1 expression and increases Aβ production. In Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein-transgenic mice and SH-SY5Y cell models, we specifically knocked out or knocked down gene expression of mapk14, which encodes p38α MAPK, a kinase sensitive to inflammatory and oxidative stimuli. Using immunological and biochemical methods, we observed that reduction of p38α MAPK expression facilitated the lysosomal degradation of BACE1, decreased BACE1 protein and activity, and subsequently attenuated Aβ generation in the AD mouse brain. Inhibition of p38α MAPK also enhanced autophagy. Blocking autophagy by treating cells with 3-methyladenine or overexpressing dominant-negative ATG5 abolished the deficiency of the p38α MAPK-induced BACE1 protein reduction in cultured cells. Thus, our study demonstrates that p38α MAPK plays a critical role in the regulation of BACE1 degradation and Aβ generation in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Wenlin Hao
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Yiren Qin
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Shirong Liu
- the Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Inge Tomic
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Xu Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
| | - Yang Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, the German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany, and
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Miyamoto T, Kim D, Knox JA, Johnson E, Mucke L. Increasing the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphB2 Prevents Amyloid-β-induced Depletion of Cell Surface Glutamate Receptors by a Mechanism That Requires the PDZ-binding Motif of EphB2 and Neuronal Activity. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1719-1734. [PMID: 26589795 PMCID: PMC4722453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse lines of evidence suggest that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides causally contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. However, the mechanisms by which Aβ impairs neuronal functions remain to be fully elucidated. Previous studies showed that soluble Aβ oligomers interfere with synaptic functions by depleting NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) from the neuronal surface and that overexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 can counteract this process. Through pharmacological treatments and biochemical analyses of primary neuronal cultures expressing wild-type or mutant forms of EphB2, we demonstrate that this protective effect of EphB2 depends on its PDZ-binding motif and the presence of neuronal activity but not on its kinase activity. We further present evidence that the protective effect of EphB2 may be mediated by the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2, which can become associated with the PDZ-binding motif of EphB2 through PDZ domain-containing proteins and can promote the retention of NMDARs in the membrane. In addition, we show that the Aβ-induced depletion of surface NMDARs does not depend on several factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Aβ-induced neuronal dysfunction, including aberrant neuronal activity, tau, prion protein (PrPC), and EphB2 itself. Thus, although EphB2 does not appear to be directly involved in the Aβ-induced depletion of NMDARs, increasing its expression may counteract this pathogenic process through a neuronal activity- and PDZ-dependent regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miyamoto
- From the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158 and; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Daniel Kim
- From the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Joseph A Knox
- From the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Erik Johnson
- From the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158 and; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lennart Mucke
- From the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California 94158 and; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158.
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Futai E, Osawa S, Cai T, Fujisawa T, Ishiura S, Tomita T. Suppressor Mutations for Presenilin 1 Familial Alzheimer Disease Mutants Modulate γ-Secretase Activities. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:435-46. [PMID: 26559975 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is a multisubunit membrane protein complex containing presenilin (PS1) as a catalytic subunit. Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) mutations within PS1 were analyzed in yeast cells artificially expressing membrane-bound substrate, amyloid precursor protein, or Notch fused to Gal4 transcriptional activator. The FAD mutations, L166P and G384A (Leu-166 to Pro and Gly-384 to Ala substitution, respectively), were loss-of-function in yeast. We identified five amino acid substitutions that suppress the FAD mutations. The cleavage of amyloid precursor protein or Notch was recovered by the secondary mutations. We also found that secondary mutations alone activated the γ-secretase activity. FAD mutants with suppressor mutations, L432M or S438P within TMD9 together with a missense mutation in the second or sixth loops, regained γ-secretase activity when introduced into presenilin null mouse fibroblasts. Notably, the cells with suppressor mutants produced a decreased amount of Aβ42, which is responsible for Alzheimer disease. These results indicate that the yeast system is useful to screen for mutations and chemicals that modulate γ-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Futai
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, the Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902,
| | - Satoko Osawa
- the Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Tetsuo Cai
- the Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Fujisawa
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555
| | - Shoichi Ishiura
- the Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- the Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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