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Özkan B, Altuntaş E, Ünlü Ü, Doğan HH, Özsoy Y, Çakır Koç R. Development of an Antiviral Ion-Activated In Situ Gel Containing 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid: A Promising Alternative against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2055. [PMID: 37631269 PMCID: PMC10458153 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory infections and poses a considerable risk to public health globally. Only a few treatments are currently used to treat RSV infections, and there is no RSV vaccination. Therefore, the need for clinically applicable, affordable, and safe RSV prevention and treatment solutions is urgent. In this study, an ion-activated in situ gelling formulation containing the broad-spectrum antiviral 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was developed for its antiviral effect on RSV. In this context, pH, mechanical characteristics, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release pattern, sprayability, drug content, and stability were all examined. Rheological characteristics were also tested using in vitro gelation capacity and rheological synergism tests. Finally, the cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the optimized in situ gelling formulation on RSV cultured in the human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cell line were evaluated. In conclusion, the optimized formulation prepared with a combination of 0.5% w/w gellan gum and 0.5% w/w sodium carboxymethylcellulose demonstrated good gelation capacity and sprayability (weight deviation between the first day of the experiment (T0) and the last day of the experiment (T14) was 0.34%), desired rheological synergism (mucoadhesive force (Fb): 9.53 Pa), mechanical characteristics (adhesiveness: 0.300 ± 0.05 mJ), ex vivo bioadhesion force (19.67 ± 1.90 g), drug content uniformity (RSD%: 0.494), and sustained drug release over a period of 6 h (24.56% ± 0.49). The optimized formulation demonstrated strong anti-hRSV activity (simultaneous half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 0.05 µg/mL; selectivity index (SI) = 306; pre-infection EC50 = 0.154 µg/mL; SI = 100), which was significantly higher than that of ribavirin (EC50 = 4.189 µg/mL; SI = 28) used as a positive control against hRSV, according to the results of the antiviral activity test. In conclusion, this study showed that nasal in situ gelling spray can prevent viral infection and replication by directly inhibiting viral entry or modulating viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özkan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Altuntaş
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Ümmühan Ünlü
- Elderly Care Program, Ataturk Health Services Vocational School, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey;
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Doğan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Rabia Çakır Koç
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
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2
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Industrial potential of the enzymatic synthesis of nucleoside analogs: existing challenges and perspectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102829. [PMID: 36332344 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside phosphorylases have progressed from an enzymatic curiosity to a viable synthetic tool. However, despite the recent advances in nucleoside phosphorylase-catalyzed nucleoside synthesis, the widespread application of these enzymes in industrial processes is still lacking. We attribute this gap to three key challenges, which are outlined in this short review. To address these persistent obstacles, we believe that biocatalytic nucleoside synthesis needs to embrace interdisciplinary partnerships with the fields of organic chemistry, process engineering, and flow chemistry.
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3
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Chawla G, Pradhan T, Gupta O, Manaithiya A, Jha DK. An updated review on diverse range of biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Insight into structure activity relationship. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Way H, Roh J, Venteicher B, Chandra S, Thomas AA. Synthesis of ribavirin 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolyl analogs with changes at the amide and cytotoxicity in breast cancer cell lines. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:38-64. [PMID: 35929908 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells of novel 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazolyl analogs of ribavirin. We modified ribavirin's carboxamide moiety to test the effects of lipophilic groups. 1-β-D-Ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles were prepared using Click Chemistry, whereas an unprecedented application of a prior 1,2,4-triazole ring synthesis was used for 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole analogs. Though cytotoxicity was mediocre and there was no correlation with lipophilicity, we discovered that a structurally similar concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (CNT2) inhibitor was modestly cytotoxic (MCF-7 IC50 of 42 µM). These syntheses could be used to efficiently investigate variation in the nucleobase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Way
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joshua Roh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brooklynn Venteicher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Surabhi Chandra
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
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5
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Liu Y, Tong A, Gao X, Yuan S, Zhong R, Zhao C. Treponema primitia α1–2-fucosyltransferase-catalyzed one-pot multienzyme synthesis of fucosylated oligosaccharide lacto-N-fucopentaose I with antiviral activity against enterovirus 71. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100273. [PMID: 35265828 PMCID: PMC8899238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel α1,2-fucosyltransferase was cloned from Treponema primiti. Tpα1,2-FT catalyzes one-pot multi-enzyme synthesis of lacto-N-fucopentaose-I. LNFP-I was an inhibitor of enterovirus 71 in the early stages of infection.
Fucosylated oligosaccharides have important biological functions as well as an excellent antiviral activity. A novel α 1–2-fucosyltransferase (α 2FT) from Treponema primitia (Tp2FT) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and purified as an N-His6-tagged fusion protein (His6-Tp2FT). Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify the products of enzymatic reaction. The Tp2FT exhibited strict acceptor substrate specificity for type 1 structure (Galβ1-3GlcNAc)-containing glycans. It might be a promising emzyme for the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I), which is one of the important fucosylated oligosaccharides. In this study, different in vitro experiments were used to study the biological activities of LNFP I. It could reduce the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and effectively inhibit the synthesis of enterovirus 71 proliferation. LNFP I was an inhibitor of enterovirus 71 in the early stages of infection, it can used in infant nutrition and might provide a new drug for hand foot mouth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Aijun Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sinan Yuan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Corresponding author at: No. 15 Shangxiadian Rd., Fuzhou 350002, China.
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6
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One-pot synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from chalcogen amino acid derivatives under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Nucleoside Analogues Bearing One Pyrimidine Moiety and Two D-Ribofuranosyl Residues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123678. [PMID: 34208647 PMCID: PMC8234143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues in which 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-β-d-ribofuranosyl fragments are attached via polymethylene linkers to both nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle moiety (uracil, 6-methyluracil, thymine, quinazoline-2,4-dione, alloxazine) or to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the 6-methyluracil moiety was synthesized. All compounds synthesized were evaluated for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34/(H1N1) and coxsackievirus B3. Antiviral assays revealed three compounds, 2i, 5i, 11c, which showed moderate activity against influenza virus A H1N1 with IC50 values of 57.5 µM, 24.3 µM, and 29.2 µM, respectively. In the first two nucleoside analogues, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-β-d-ribofuranosyl fragments are attached via butylene linkers to N-1 and N-3 atoms of the heterocycle moiety (6-methyluracil and alloxazine, respectively). In nucleoside analogue 11c, two 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranose fragments are attached via propylene linkers to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the 6-methyluracil moiety. Almost all synthesized 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues showed no antiviral activity against the coxsackie B3 virus. Two exceptions are 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogs 2f and 5f, in which 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl-2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-d-ribofuranose fragments are attached to the C-5 and N-3 atoms of the heterocycle moiety (6-methyluracil and alloxazine respectively). These compounds exhibited high antiviral potency against the coxsackie B3 virus with IC50 values of 12.4 and 11.3 µM, respectively, although both were inactive against influenza virus A H1N1. According to theoretical calculations, the antiviral activity of the 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues 2i, 5i, and 11c against the H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) influenza virus can be explained by their influence on the functioning of the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). As to the antiviral activity of nucleoside analogs 2f and 5f against coxsackievirus B3, it can be explained by their interaction with the coat proteins VP1 and VP2.
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8
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Simurova NV, Maiboroda OI. Antiviral activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021; 57:420-422. [PMID: 34007087 PMCID: PMC8118685 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The microreview summarizes data published since 2015 on the antiviral properties and synthesis of compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V Simurova
- National University of Food Technologies, 68 Volodymyrska St, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Olena I Maiboroda
- National University of Food Technologies, 68 Volodymyrska St, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
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9
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Al-Eitan LN, Alahmad SZ. Pharmacogenomics of genetic polymorphism within the genes responsible for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and the drug-metabolising genes used in treatment. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2194. [PMID: 33205496 PMCID: PMC7744885 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) represents a significant challenge to international health. Pharmacogenomics aims to identify the different genetic variations that exist between individuals and populations in order to determine appropriate treatment protocols to enhance the efficacy of drugs and reduce their side‐effects. This literature review provides an overview of recent studies of genetic polymorphisms in genes that mediate the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection mechanism (ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2 and CD26). In addition, genetic variations in the drug‐metabolising enzyme genes of several selected drugs used in the treatment of COVID‐19 are summarised. This may help construct an effective health protocol based on genetic biomarkers to optimise response to treatment. Potentially, pharmacogenomics could contribute to the development of effective high‐throughput assays to improve patient evaluation, but their use will also create ethical, medical, regulatory, and legal issues, which should now be considered in the era of personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saif Z Alahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. El‐Sebaey
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al-Azhar University Youssef Abbas street, Nasr City Cairo Egypt
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11
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Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Zarubaev VV, Slita AV, Yesaulkova IL, Saifina LF, Shulaeva MM, Belenok MG, Semenov VE, Kataev VE. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues and their antiviral activity. Mol Divers 2020; 25:473-490. [PMID: 32930935 PMCID: PMC7490575 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Based on the fact that a search for influenza antivirals among nucleoside analogues has drawn very little attention of chemists, the present study reports the synthesis of a series of 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues in which a pyrimidine fragment is attached to the ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl moiety by a polymethylene linker of variable length. Target compounds were prepared by the Cu alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Derivatives of uracil, 6-methyluracil, 3,6-dimethyluracil, thymine and quinazolin-2,4-dione with ω-alkyne substituent at the N1 (or N5) atom and azido 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-D-β-ribofuranoside were used as components of the CuAAC reaction. All compounds synthesized were evaluated for antiviral activity against influenza virus A/PR/8/34/(H1N1) and coxsackievirus B3. The best values of IC50 (inhibiting concentration) and SI (selectivity index) were demonstrated by the lead compound 4i in which the 1,2,3-triazolylribofuranosyl fragment is attached to the N1 atom of the quinazoline-2,4-dione moiety via a butylene linker (IC50 = 30 μM, SI = 24) and compound 8n in which the 1,2,3-triazolylribofuranosyl fragment is attached directly to the N5 atom of the 6-methyluracil moiety (IC50 = 15 μM, SI = 5). According to theoretical calculations, the antiviral activity of the 1,2,3-triazolyl nucleoside analogues 4i and 8n against H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) influenza virus can be explained by their influence on the functioning of the polymerase acidic protein (PA) of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10141-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Andreeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
| | - Vladimir V Zarubaev
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Str., 14, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Alexander V Slita
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Str., 14, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Iana L Yesaulkova
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Mira Str., 14, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197101
| | - Liliya F Saifina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
| | - Marina M Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
| | - Maya G Belenok
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
| | - Vyacheslav E Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088.
| | - Vladimir E Kataev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan, Russian Federation, 420088
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12
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Gaisenok OV. [The use of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors in combination with a fusion inhibitor in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: hypothesis]. Vopr Virusol 2020; 65:167-175. [PMID: 33533219 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-3-167-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review article considers the possibilities of combined antiviral therapy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, based on the analysis of the mechanism of action of known antiviral drugs in the framework of the medical hypothesis. The potential effectiveness of the joint use of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors and a fusion inhibitor in this pathology is discussed. The review discusses the main representatives of these groups of drugs - ribavirin, riamilovir, umifenovir, favipiravir. The efficacy and safety profile of these drugs was analyzed, including the experience of their use in clinical trials conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as earlier work performed during the SARS and MERS epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Gaisenok
- United Hospital with Outpatient Department Managing Affairs of the President of the Russian Federation
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13
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Chudinov MV. Nucleoside Analogs with Fleximer Nucleobase. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020; 56:636-643. [PMID: 32836313 PMCID: PMC7364132 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review article is devoted to the so-called fleximer nucleoside analogs, containing two or more planar moieties in the heterocyclic base, connected by a bond that permits rotation. Such analogs have been proposed as molecular probes for detecting enzyme–substrate interactions and studying the transcription and translation of nucleic acids, but subsequently have attracted the interest of researchers by their antiviral and antitumor activity. The methods used in the synthesis of such compounds, along with their structural features and also biological activity are considered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Chudinov
- MIREA - Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Tehnology, 78 Vernadsky Ave, Moscow, 119454 Russia
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14
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Wang D, Huang M, Gao D, Chen K, Xinxie, Xu W, Li X. Screening anti-TMV agents targeting tobacco mosaic virus helicase protein. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 166:104449. [PMID: 32448412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus helicase (TMV-Hel) plays important roles in viral multiplication. TMV-Hel is a potential target of anti-TMV agents. Our previous studies expressed and purified TMV-Hel as target protein for cytosinpeptidemycin. In this study, we preform molecular docking to study the binding sites of commercial antiviral agents with TMV-Hel. Then we verify the interactions between the potential anti-TMV agents and TMV-Hel in vitro using Microscale Thermophoresis experiment and study the inhibiting expression of TMV-Hel with the potential anti-TMV agents in vivo using Western-blot (WB) method. The results showed that ribavirin bound to TMV-Hel with a dissociation constant of 1.55 μM by direct interaction with eight binding sites, which was consistent with the docking studies. Ribavirin inhibited the expression of TMV-Hel in Nicotiana benthamiana. Docking studies combined Microscale Thermophoresis and WB experiment provided a new method to screen anti-TMV agents targeting TMV-Hel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Maoxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Di Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xinxie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Weiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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15
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Norlander AE, Peebles RS. Innate Type 2 Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:E521. [PMID: 32397226 PMCID: PMC7290766 DOI: 10.3390/v12050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common and contagious virus that results in acute respiratory tract infections in infants. In many cases, the symptoms of RSV remain mild, however, a subset of individuals develop severe RSV-associated bronchiolitis. As such, RSV is the chief cause of infant hospitalization within the United States. Typically, the immune response to RSV is a type 1 response that involves both the innate and adaptive immune systems. However, type 2 cytokines may also be produced as a result of infection of RSV and there is increasing evidence that children who develop severe RSV-associated bronchiolitis are at a greater risk of developing asthma later in life. This review summarizes the contribution of a newly described cell type, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), and epithelial-derived alarmin proteins that activate ILC2, including IL-33, IL-25, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). ILC2 activation leads to the production of type 2 cytokines and the induction of a type 2 response during RSV infection. Intervening in this innate type 2 inflammatory pathway may have therapeutic implications for severe RSV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA;
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16
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Cunha AC, Ferreira VF, Vaz MGF, Cassaro RAA, Resende JALC, Sacramento CQ, Costa J, Abrantes JL, Souza TML, Jordão AK. Chemistry and anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 evaluation of 4-substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazole-nitroxyl-linked hybrids. Mol Divers 2020; 25:2035-2043. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Behzadi MA, Leyva-Grado VH. Overview of Current Therapeutics and Novel Candidates Against Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1327. [PMID: 31275265 PMCID: PMC6594388 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence and re-emergence of respiratory virus infections represent a significant threat to global public health, as they occur seasonally and less frequently (such as in the case of influenza virus) as pandemic infections. Some of these viruses have been in the human population for centuries and others had recently emerged as a public health problem. Influenza viruses have been affecting the human population for a long time now; however, their ability to rapidly evolve through antigenic drift and antigenic shift causes the emergence of new strains. A recent example of these events is the avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus outbreak currently undergoing in China. Human H7N9 influenza viruses are resistant to amantadines and some strains are also resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors greatly limiting the options for treatment. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may cause a lower respiratory tract infection characterized by bronchiolitis and pneumonia mainly in children and the elderly. Infection with RSV can cause severe disease and even death, imposing a severe burden for pediatric and geriatric health systems worldwide. Treatment for RSV is mainly supportive since the only approved therapy, a monoclonal antibody, is recommended for prophylactic use in high-risk patients. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a newly emerging respiratory virus. The virus was first recognized in 2012 and it is associated with a lower respiratory tract disease that is more severe in patients with comorbidities. No licensed vaccines or antivirals have been yet approved for the treatment of MERS-CoV in humans. It is clear that the discovery and development of novel antivirals that can be used alone or in combination with existing therapies to treat these important respiratory viral infections are critical. In this review, we will describe some of the novel therapeutics currently under development for the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Victor H Leyva-Grado
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Yang W, Peng Y, Wang J, Song C, Yu W, Zhou Y, Jiang J, Wang Q, Wu J, Chang J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl 8-azanebularine derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1291-1297. [PMID: 30962085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem requiring more efficient and better tolerated anti-HBV agent. In this paper, a series of novel 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-β-d-arabinofuranosyl 8-azanebularine analogues (1 and 2a) and N4-substituted 8-azaadenosine derivatives (2b-g) were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro anti-HBV activity. Two concise and practical synthetic routes were developed toward the structural motif construction of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-C-methyl-β-d-arabinofuranosyl 8-azainosine from the ribonolactone 3 under mild conditions. The in vitro anti-HBV screening results showed that these 8-azanebularine analogues had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of HBV antigens and HBV DNA at a concentration of 20 μM. Among them, halogen-substituted 8-azaadenosine derivative 2g displayed activities comparable to that of 3TC. In particular, 2g retained excellent activity against lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Wenquan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Qingduan Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Sharonova T, Pankrat'eva V, Savko P, Baykov S, Shetnev A. Facile room-temperature assembly of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole core from readily available amidoximes and carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lukin A, Kalinchenkova N, Vedekhina T, Zhurilo N, Krasavin M. Diversity-oriented synthesis of N,N -dimethylamino-substituted azoles employing TBTU. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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