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Grzeczka A, Lech M, Wozniak G, Graczyk S, Kordowitzki P, Olejnik M, Gehrke M, Jaśkowski JM. Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants-Current State of Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9763. [PMID: 37298712 PMCID: PMC10253686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease in ruminants is common and occurs in farmed and wild animals. Periodontal lesions can result from the secretion of endotoxins by pathogenic bacteria and as consequences of immune system activity. Three main types of periodontitis have been described. The first is chronic inflammation involving mainly premolars and molars-periodontitis (PD). The second type is an acute inflammatory reaction occurring with calcification of the periosteum of the jawbone and swelling of the surrounding soft tissues (Cara inchada, CI-"swollen face"). Finally, a third type, similar to the first but located in the incisor area, is called "broken mouth" (BM). Etiological variation between the different types of periodontitis is indicated. This particularly manifests in the composition of the microbiome, which is characteristic of the different forms of periodontitis. The widespread detection of lesions has drawn attention to the current nature of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Małgorzata Olejnik
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (A.G.); (M.L.); (G.W.); (S.G.); (P.K.); (M.G.); (J.M.J.)
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Zhu L, Yang J, Gong J, Zhang C, Ganss B, Wang H. Early bone formation in mini-lateral window sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement: An in vivo experimental study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:448-459. [PMID: 33455002 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the early bone formation in beagles with mini-lateral window sinus floor elevation and simultaneous implant placement. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six beagles were selected for the split-mouth design procedures. In each animal, one maxillary recess received a 5 mm-diameter mini-round lateral osteotomy (test group), and the contralateral maxillary recess received a large rectangular osteotomy (10 mm long and 8 mm wide), (control group). Simultaneous implant installation was executed on bilateral maxillary recesses. Tetracycline and calcein dyes were administered on the 14th, 13th days and the 4th, 3rd days prior to sacrifice, respectively. After 8 weeks of healing, the beagles were euthanized for fluorescent labeling and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS In both groups, new bone formation initiated from the circumferential native bone of the maxillary recesses and extended toward the central sub-recess cavities. The maxillary recesses with the mini-window procedures exhibited superior mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and the percentage of new bone area to those of the group exposed to large osteotomy procedure (p < .05). While there was no significant difference in the value of bone-to-implant contact, the mini-window group displayed a tendency for an increase in this aspect (p > .05). Bone formation rate and new bone amount were not statistically correlated with bone-to-implant contact (p > .05). CONCLUSION The hypothesis that mini-lateral window sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement would improve early new bone formation in augmented sinus compared with large lateral window procedure is accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Stomatology College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiakang Yang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Gong
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Stomatology College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Cascão R, Fonseca JE, Moita LF. Celastrol: A Spectrum of Treatment Opportunities in Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:69. [PMID: 28664158 PMCID: PMC5471334 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants with significant therapeutic properties has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Such is the case of the Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), an herb used in Chinese medicine. Clinical trials performed so far using its root extracts have shown impressive therapeutic properties but also revealed substantial gastrointestinal side effects. The most promising bioactive compound obtained from TW is celastrol. During the last decade, an increasing number of studies were published highlighting the medicinal usefulness of celastrol in diverse clinical areas. Here we systematically review the mechanism of action and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in inflammatory diseases, namely, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis and allergy, as well as in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and hearing loss. We will also focus in the toxicological profile and limitations of celastrol formulation, namely, solubility, bioavailability, and dosage issues that still limit its further clinical application and usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cascão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João E Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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Zou YC, Yang XW, Yuan SG, Zhang P, Li YK. Celastrol inhibits prostaglandin E2-induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts isolated from ankylosing spondylitis hip tissues in vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:933-48. [PMID: 27022241 PMCID: PMC4790082 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s97463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification on the enthesis, which develops after subsequent inflammation, is one of the most distinctive features in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) serves as a key mediator of inflammation and bone remodeling in AS. Celastrol, a well-known Chinese medicinal herb isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii, is widely used in treating inflammatory diseases, including AS. It has been proven that it can inhibit lipopolysac-charide-induced expression of various inflammation mediators, such as PGE-2. However, the mechanism by which celastrol inhibits inflammation-induced bone forming in AS is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether celastrol could inhibit isolated AS fibroblast osteogenesis induced by PGE-2. METHODS Hip synovial tissues were obtained from six AS patients undergoing total hip replacement in our hospital. Fibroblasts were isolated, primarily cultured, and then treated with PGE-2 for osteogenic induction. Different doses of celastrol and indometacin were added to observe their effects on osteogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation, osteogenic markers, alizarin red staining as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase were examined in our study. RESULTS Celastrol significantly inhibits cell proliferation of isolated AS fibroblasts and in vitro osteogenic differentiation compared with control groups in a time- and dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that celastrol could inhibit isolated AS fibroblast proliferation and in vitro osteogenic differentiation. The interaction of PI3K/AKT signaling and Wnt protein may be involved in the process. Further studies should be performed in vivo and animal models to identify the potential effect of celastrol on the bone metabolism of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cong Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Wen Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Guo Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kai Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lee CH, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Park JW. Modulating macrophage polarization with divalent cations in nanostructured titanium implant surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:085101. [PMID: 26807875 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/8/085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale topographical modification and surface chemistry alteration using bioactive ions are centrally important processes in the current design of the surface of titanium (Ti) bone implants with enhanced bone healing capacity. Macrophages play a central role in the early tissue healing stage and their activity in response to the implant surface is known to affect the subsequent healing outcome. Thus, the positive modulation of macrophage phenotype polarization (i.e. towards the regenerative M2 rather than the inflammatory M1 phenotype) with a modified surface is essential for the osteogenesis funtion of Ti bone implants. However, relatively few advances have been made in terms of modulating the macrophage-centered early healing capacity in the surface design of Ti bone implants for the two important surface properties of nanotopography and and bioactive ion chemistry. We investigated whether surface bioactive ion modification exerts a definite beneficial effect on inducing regenerative M2 macrophage polarization when combined with the surface nanotopography of Ti. Our results indicate that nanoscale topographical modification and surface bioactive ion chemistry can positively modulate the macrophage phenotype in a Ti implant surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that chemical surface modification using divalent cations (Ca and Sr) dramatically induces the regenerative M2 macrophage phenotype of J774.A1 cells in nanostructured Ti surfaces. In this study, divalent cation chemistry regulated the cell shape of adherent macrophages and markedly up-regulated M2 macrophage phenotype expression when combined with the nanostructured Ti surface. These results provide insight into the surface engineering of future Ti bone implants that are harmonized between the macrophage-governed early wound healing process and subsequent mesenchymal stem cell-centered osteogenesis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, Samduk 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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Metabonomic profiling in studying anti-osteoporosis effects of strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis in rats by GC/TOF-MS. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 718:524-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The growing role of eicosanoids in tissue regeneration, repair, and wound healing. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 104-105:130-8. [PMID: 23727457 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration are essential processes in maintaining tissue homeostasis, especially in response to injury or stress. Eicosanoids are ubiquitous mediators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, all of which are important for tissue growth. Eicosanoids regulate the induction and resolution of inflammation that accompany the tissue response to injury. In this review, we describe how this diverse group of molecules is a key regulator of tissue repair and regeneration in multiple organ systems and biologic contexts.
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Ramirez-Yanez G, Symons A. Prostaglandin E2 affects osteoblast biology in a dose-dependent manner: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lee Y, Liu X, Nawshad A, Marx DB, Wang D, Reinhardt RA. Role of prostaglandin pathway and alendronate-based carriers to enhance statin-induced bone. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1035-42. [PMID: 21438610 DOI: 10.1021/mp200045p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of the prostaglandin (PG) pathway in locally applied, simvastatin-induced oral bone growth. The possibility of enhancing long-term bone augmentation with an alendronate-based carrier was initiated. Mandibles of 44 mature female rats were treated bilaterally with the following combinations: 2 mg of simvastatin in ethanol (SIM-EtOH), EtOH, 2 mg of simvastatin acid complexed with alendronate-beta-cyclodextrin conjugate (SIM/ALN-CD), ALN-CD, or ALN. Bone wash technology (injection of PBS and re-collection by suction) was used to sample injection sites at baseline (day 0), and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-treatment. After 21-24 or 48 days, histomorphometric analysis was done. The amount of PGE(2) in bone wash fluid was measured by ELISA, normalized by total protein, and compared between high and low bone growth groups (ANOVA) and correlated with subsequent bone histology at 21 days (Spearman). SIM-stimulated PGE(2) synthase and EP4 receptor mRNA in murine osteoblast and fibroblast cell lines were evaluated with real-time PCR. Single injections of 2 mg of SIM-EtOH induced significantly more new bone than control side after 21 days. PGE(2)/protein ratios peaked at day 7 and were correlated with the subsequent 21-day new bone width. The correlations at day 14 between PGE(2) and new bone width changed to a negative relationship in the test group. SIM-stimulated osteoblasts expressed increased mRNA levels of PGE receptor EP4, while SIM activated PGE synthesis in fibroblasts. SIM/ALN-CD tended to preserve bone long-term. Findings suggest that PGE pathway activation and higher levels of PGE(2) during the first week following SIM-induced bone growth are desirable, and alendronate-beta-cyclodextrin conjugates not only act as tissue-specific carriers, but preserve new bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Lee
- Department of Surgical Specialties, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0740, USA
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Cantley MD, Bartold PM, Marino V, Reid RC, Fairlie DP, Wyszynski RN, Zilm PS, Haynes DR. The use of live-animal micro-computed tomography to determine the effect of a novel phospholipase A2inhibitor on alveolar bone loss in anin vivomouse model of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2009; 44:317-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Seto H, Ohba H, Tokunaga K, Hama H, Horibe M, Nagata T. Topical administration of simvastatin recovers alveolar bone loss in rats. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:261-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sato S, Kitagawa M, Sakamoto K, Iizuka S, Kudo Y, Ogawa I, Miyauchi M, Chu EY, Foster BL, Somerman MJ, Takata T. Enamel Matrix Derivative Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Monocytes. J Periodontol 2008; 79:535-40. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Hikiji H, Takato T, Shimizu T, Ishii S. The roles of prostanoids, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor in bone metabolism and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2008; 47:107-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Siddhivarn C, Banes A, Champagne C, Riché EL, Weerapradist W, Offenbacher S. Mechanical loading and ?12prostaglandin J2induce bone morphogenetic protein-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?-1, and bone nodule formation in an osteoblastic cell line. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:383-92. [PMID: 17760815 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We have previously reported that mechanical strain applied at a 1% level to an osteoblastic cell line induces the transcription of prostaglandin D2 synthase and increases the levels of prostaglandin D2 and its Delta12prostaglandin J2 metabolite. Mechanical strain also induces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 and bone nodule formation. We hypothesized that mechanical load induces bone formation via Delta12prostaglandin J2-dependent synthesis of bone morphogenetic proteins. Our goal was to investigate the molecular events involved in osteogenesis induced by mechanical loading and Delta12prostaglandin J2, namely the induction of bone morphogenetic proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1, a nuclear receptor for Delta12prostaglandin J2. MATERIAL AND METHODS Osteoblast monolayers were stretched for 1 h with a 1-h resting period and stretched for another hour at 1 Hz with 1% elongation. Cells were collected 0, 1, 6 and 16 h after stretching. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and Delta12prostaglandin J2 were added in some experiments. Relative quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine whether the mRNA of bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4, -6, -7 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 was induced. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate bone morphogenetic protein expression in cells. RESULTS Mechanical strain significantly increased the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, -6, -7 and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1, but not of bone morphogenetic protein-4. In stretched cells, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 expression was blocked by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but restored by exogenous Delta12prostaglandin J2. Delta12Prostaglandin J2 significantly enhanced bone nodule formation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression when added alone to resting osteoblasts. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the osteoblastic biomechanical pathways that trigger bone formation involve cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin D2 synthase activation, induction of Delta12prostaglandin J2 and its nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1, and increased expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2. These data suggest that the Delta12prostaglandin J2/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1/bone morphogenetic protein-2 pathway plays an important role in osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siddhivarn
- Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, USA
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Siddhivarn C, Banes A, Champagne C, Riché EL, Weerapradist W, Offenbacher S. Mechanical loading and Δ12prostaglandin J2 induce bone morphogenetic protein-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-1, and bone nodule formation in an osteoblastic cell line. J Periodontal Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Araujo RMS, Oba Y, Moriyama K. Identification of genes related to mechanical stress in human periodontal ligament cells using microarray analysis. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:15-22. [PMID: 17214635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Differential expression of genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) under mechanical stress, such as orthodontic force, is thought to be involved in the remodeling of PDL cells and periodontal tissues. However, little is known about the genes expressed in PDL cells under mechanical stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS We employed microarray analysis to assess, in a comprehensive manner, the gene expression profiles in PDL cells compressed by a static force using an in vitro three-dimensional culture system. Six genes were selected and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, consistent with the microarray data. RESULTS The microarray data revealed that 108 of 30,000 genes tested were differentially expressed by mechanical force loading. Among them, 85 genes were up-regulated by mechanical stress, while 23 genes were down-regulated, judging by the thresholds of a two-fold increase/decrease compared with the controls. Thirty-two of the up-regulated and eight of the down-regulated genes, well-characterized in protein function, were involved in numerous biological processes including cell communication, cell signaling, cell cycle, stress response, and calcium release. However, several genes differentially expressed in our microarray data have not been well defined as stress-response molecules. CONCLUSION Our microarray is the first to show the gene profile in PDL cells caused by mechanical stress; however, further studies to clarify the physiological function of these molecules in PDL cells are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M S de Araujo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Ramirez-Yañez GO, Hamlet S, Jonarta A, Seymour GJ, Symons AL. Prostaglandin E2 enhances transforming growth factor-beta 1 and TGF-beta receptors synthesis: an in vivo and in vitro study. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:183-92. [PMID: 16504491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine how Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) locally applied affected the immunodistribution of latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), and how the eicosanoid modified TGF-beta1 release and TGF-beta receptors gene expression in cultured osteoblasts. PGE2 locally delivered on the rat mandible at doses of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/day, but not 0.025 mg/day, over 20 days significantly increased latent TGF-beta1 immunodistribution (P<0.001), comparing with a placebo-treated group. Cultured osteoblasts stimulated with 10(-5) or 10(-7)M PGE2 significantly varied the level of activated TGF-beta1 released into supernatants at different experimental periods compared with negative and positive controls. TGF-beta receptor type I gene expression was significantly increased in osteoblasts (P<0.01) after 10 days of treatment with 10(-5) and 10(-7)M PGE2, whereas 10(-3) M PGE2 produced the opposite effect. It is concluded that PGE2 may stimulate bone deposition by affecting TGF-beta pathway. This effect on the pathway appears to be dose-dependent.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I/genetics
- Alkaline Phosphatase/analysis
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/analysis
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Delayed-Action Preparations/administration & dosage
- Dinoprostone/administration & dosage
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Implants, Experimental
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteoblasts/drug effects
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Ramirez-Yañez
- Oral Biology & Pathology, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia.
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Ramirez-Yañez GO, Seymour GJ, Symons AL. Local application of prostaglandin E2 reduces trap, calcitonin receptor and metalloproteinase-2 immunoreactivity in the rat periodontium. Arch Oral Biol 2005; 50:1014-22. [PMID: 15878156 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) locally released adjacent to the mandible over a 20-day period increases alveolar bone area, in part, due to a reduction in the percentage of eroded surface. To determine the effect of PGE2 on alveolar bone resorption, left mandibles from 24 Lewis rats were treated over a 20-day period with a local application of PGE2 (0.1, 0.05 or 0.025 mg/day) or placebo. The right side served as the non-treated matched control. Tissue sections were stained for tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) calcitonin receptor (CTR) and metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Matched samples were analysed by Wilcoxon matched pairs test and, a non-parametric one-way analysis of variance compared groups of treatment. Those tissues treated with PGE2 at doses of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/day showed significantly reduced numbers of TRAP and CTR-positive multinucleated cells compared with matched controls (p<0.005), as well as significantly reduced numbers of TRAP- and CTR-positive multinucleated cells when compared with the placebo-treated group (p<0.001). The number of periodontal ligament cells expressing MMP-2 was also significantly reduced in tissues treated with the two higher doses of PGE2 (p<0.001) comparing with both matched controls and the placebo-treated group. Following a 20-day period, locally released PGE2 at doses of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/day appears to affect alveolar bone resorption in the periodontium of rats, as the number of multinucleated cells expressing TRAP and CTR are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the same doses of PGE2 also significantly reduced the expression of MMP-2 by the periodontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Ramirez-Yañez
- Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 5th Floor, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.
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