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Ahluwalia A, Hoa N, Ge L, Blumberg B, Levin ER. Mechanisms by Which Membrane and Nuclear ER Alpha Inhibit Adipogenesis in Cells Isolated From Female Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5911730. [PMID: 32976570 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into mature chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Excessive and dysfunctional visceral adipocytes increase upon menopause and importantly contribute to altered metabolism in postmenopausal women. We previously showed both plasma membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) with endogenous estrogen are required to suppress adipogenesis in vivo. Here we determined mechanisms by which these liganded ER pools collaborate to inhibit the peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ) gene and subsequent progenitor differentiation. In 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), membrane ERα signaled through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) to enhance ERα nuclear localization, importantly at the PPARγ gene promoter. AKT also increased overall abundance and recruitment of co-repressors GATA3, β-catenin, and TCF4 to the PPARγ promoter. Membrane ERα signaling additionally enhanced wingless-integrated (Wnt)1 and 10b expression. The components of the repressor complex were required for estrogen to inhibit rosiglitazone-induced differentiation of ADSC and 3T3-L1 cells to mature adipocytes. These mechanisms whereby ER cellular pools collaborate to inhibit gene expression limit progenitor differentiation to mature adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Neil Hoa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Lisheng Ge
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Oral Administration of Quercetin or Its Derivatives Inhibit Bone Loss in Animal Model of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6080597. [PMID: 33194005 PMCID: PMC7641676 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6080597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Quercetin (Q) and its derivatives are the major members of the naturally occurring flavonoid family, which possess beneficial effects on disease prevention including osteoporosis. The present study is aimed at further investigating the efficacy of the Q and its derivatives on bone pathology, bone-related parameters under imageology, bone maximum load, and serum bone metabolism indexes in animal model of osteoporosis. Potential mechanisms of Q and its derivatives in the treatment of osteoporosis as well as the existing problems regarding the modeling method and limitations of researches in this area were also summarized. Eight databases were searched from their inception dates to February 2020. Nineteen eligible studies containing 21 comparisons were identified ultimately. The risk of bias and data on outcome measures were analyzed by the CAMARADES 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software separately. The results displayed the number of criteria met varied from 3/10 to 7/10 with an average of 5.05. The present study provided the preliminary preclinical evidence that oral administration of Q or its derivatives was capable of improving bone pathology, bone-related parameters under imageology and bone maximum load, increasing serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and estradiol, and reducing serum c-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was seen in survival rate, index of liver, or kidney function (P > 0.05). Q and its derivatives partially reverse osteopenia probably via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, promoting osteogenesis, inhibiting osteoclasts, and its estrogen-like effect. The findings reveal the possibility of developing Q or its derivatives as a drug or an ingredient in diet for clinical treatment of osteoporosis.
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Li X, Chen R, Lei X, Wang P, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang L. Quercetin regulates ERα mediated differentiation of BMSCs through circular RNA. Gene 2020; 769:145172. [PMID: 33065239 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) participates in regulation of gene transcription, while estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and quercetin (QUE) positively regulate bone formation, but little is known about the correlation among circRNA, ERα and QUE. In this experiment, we created an ERα-deficient rBMSC model treated with QUE and evaluated the effects of ERα or QUE on rBMSCs, then analyzed differentially-expressed circRNAs by RNA-Seq and bioinformatics. The results showed that ERα deficiency constrained osteogenic differentiation and stimulated adipocytic differentiation of rBMSCs, while QUE abrogated those effects. We identified 136 differentially-expressed circRNAs in the Lv-shERα group and 120 differentially-expressed circRNAs in the Lv-shERα + QUE group. Thirty-two circRNAs retroregulated by ERα and QUE were involved in Rap1 and Wnt signaling, and four of them together sponged miR-326-5p, the target genes of which are osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation factors. Further study showed that over-expressed miR-326-5p could stimulate osteogenic differentiation, while attenuating adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Therefore, we concluded that ERα and QUE might regulate the differentiation of rBMSCs through the circRNA-miR-326-5p-mRNA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China; Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, PR China.
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Zhou RP, Lin SJ, Wan WB, Zuo HL, Yao FF, Ruan HB, Xu J, Song W, Zhou YC, Wen SY, Dai JH, Zhu ML, Luo J. Chlorogenic Acid Prevents Osteoporosis by Shp2/PI3K/Akt Pathway in Ovariectomized Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166751. [PMID: 28033335 PMCID: PMC5199056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortex Eucommiae is used worldwide in traditional medicine, various constituents of Cortex Eucommiae, such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), has been reported to exert anti-osteoporosis activity in China, but the mechanism about their contribution to the overall activity is limited. The aims of this study were to determine whether chlorogenic acid can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and to analyze the mechanism of CGA bioactivity. The effect of CGA on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis was performed in vivo. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly among a sham-operated group and five ovariectomy (OVX) plus treatment subgroups: saline vehicle, 17α-ethinylestradiol (E2), or CGA at 9, 27, or 45 mg/kg/d. The rats’ femoral metaphyses were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT). The mechanism of CGA bioactivity was investigated in vitro. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with CGA, with or without phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. BMSCs proliferation and osteoblast differentiation were assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase, with or without Shp2 interfering RNA (RNAi). The results display that CGA at 27 and 45 mg/kg/day inhibited the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) that induced by OVX in femur (p< 0.01), significantly promoted the levels of bone turnover markers, and prevented bone volume fraction (BV/TV), connectivity density (CoonD), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (all p< 0.01) to decrease and prevented the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), structure model index (SMI)(both p< 0.01) to increase. CGA at 1 or 10 μM enhanced BMSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. CGA at 0.1 to 10 μM increased phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cyclin D1. These effects were reversed by LY294002. CGA at 1 or 10 μM increased BMSC differentiation to osteoblasts (p< 0.01), Shp2 RNAi suppressed CGA-induced osteoblast differentiation by decreasing Shp2, p-Akt, and cyclin D1. This study found that CGA improved the BMD and trabecular micro-architecture for the OVX-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, CGA might be an effective alternative treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. CGA promoted proliferation of osteoblast precursors and osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs via the Shp2/PI3K/Akt/cyclin D1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ping Zhou
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of JiangXi, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (RPZ)
| | - Si Jian Lin
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of JiangXi, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Wen Bing Wan
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Hui Ling Zuo
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Fen Fen Yao
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Hui Bing Ruan
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Wei Song
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Yi Cheng Zhou
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Shi Yao Wen
- Orthopaedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Jiang Hua Dai
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of JiangXi, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Mei Lan Zhu
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of JiangXi, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Regeneration and Rehabilitation Engineering Research Institute on Bone and Nerve of JiangXi, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute of Jiangxi, NanChuang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, NanChang, JiangXi, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (RPZ)
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Minami A, Matsushita H, Ieno D, Matsuda Y, Horii Y, Ishii A, Takahashi T, Kanazawa H, Wakatsuki A, Suzuki T. Improvement of neurological disorders in postmenopausal model rats by administration of royal jelly. Climacteric 2016; 19:568-573. [PMID: 27736245 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1238452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Royal jelly (RJ) from honeybees (Apis mellifera) has estrogenic activity. Estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to a high risk of memory impairment and depression as well as metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. We here investigated the effect of RJ on memory impairment and depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS OVX rats were administered with RJ for 82 days. Hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and depression-like behaviors were assessed by the Morris water maze test and the forced swimming test, respectively. The weights of body, brain and uterus and the contents of protein and myelin galactolipids including galactosylceramide and sulfatide were measured. RESULTS Memory impairment and depression-like behaviors in OVX rats were recovered to the levels of sham-operated rats by RJ administration. Increased body weight and decreased uterine weight in OVX rats were recovered to the levels of sham-operated rats by 17β-estradiol (E2) administration but not by RJ administration. In contrast, brain weight was slightly increased by RJ administration but not by E2 administration. The contents of protein and myelin galactolipids were higher in the brains of RJ-administered OVX rats than in the brains of E2-administered OVX rats. CONCLUSION The results suggest that RJ has a beneficial effect on neurological symptoms of a menopausal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minami
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - H Matsushita
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Japan
| | - D Ieno
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Y Matsuda
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Y Horii
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - A Ishii
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - H Kanazawa
- c Department of Functional Anatomy, School of Nursing , University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - A Wakatsuki
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- a Department of Biochemistry , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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Smirnova OV. Competitive Agonists and Antagonists of Steroid Nuclear Receptors: Evolution of the Concept or Its Reversal. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1227-34. [PMID: 26567566 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791510003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms displaying pure and mixed steroid agonist/antagonist activity as well as principles underlying in vivo action of selective steroid receptor modulators dependent on tissue or cell type including interaction with various types of nuclear receptors are analyzed in this work. Mechanisms of in vitro action for mixed agonist/antagonist steroids are discussed depending on: specific features of their interaction with receptor hormone-binding pocket; steroid-dependent allosteric modulation of interaction between hormone-receptor complex and hormone response DNA elements; features of interacting hormone-receptor complex with protein transcriptional coregulators; level and tissue-specific composition of transcriptional coregulators. A novel understanding regarding context-selective modulators replacing the concept of steroid agonists and antagonists is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Smirnova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Pedram A, Razandi M, Blumberg B, Levin ER. Membrane and nuclear estrogen receptor α collaborate to suppress adipogenesis but not triglyceride content. FASEB J 2015; 30:230-40. [PMID: 26373802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER)-α suppress visceral fat development through actions in several organs via unclear mechanisms that we sought to identify. Using mice that express only nuclear ER-α [nuclear-only ER-α (NOER) mice] or plasma membrane ER-α [membrane-only ER-α (MOER) mice], we found that 10-wk-old mice that lacked either receptor pool showed extensive abdominal visceral fat deposition and weight gain compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Differentiation of cultured bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) into the adipocyte lineage was suppressed by 17-β-estradiol (E2) in WT female mice but not in NOER or MOER mice. This finding correlated with E2 inhibition of prominent differentiation genes in WT BMSCs. In contrast, triglyceride content in differentiated BMSCs or 3T3-L1 cells was suppressed as a result of membrane ER-α signaling through several kinases to inhibit carbohydrate response element-binding protein-α and -β. We concluded that extranuclear and nuclear ER-α collaborate to suppress adipocyte development, but inhibition of lipid synthesis in mature cells does not involve nuclear ER-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pedram
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mahnaz Razandi
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ellis Robert Levin
- *Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Xu H, He LL, Xiong CP, Gong CX, Liu CL, Peng LL, Cheng YJ, Jiang FQ, Tan LP, Tang L, Peng W, Tu YM, Yang YP, Luo D, Zou L, Liang SD. Genetic association analyses of fast plasma glucose level in pre-menopausal Chinese women: potential interaction between osteocalcin and oestrogen receptor α. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:455-60. [PMID: 25353278 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.965200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels are usually tightly regulated within a narrow physiologic range. Variation of FPG levels is clinically important and is strongly heritable. Several lines of evidence suggest the importance of the oestrogen receptor α (ER-α) and osteocalcin (also known as BGP, for bone Gla protein) in determining FPG; however, whether their polymorphisms are associated with FPG variation is not well understood. AIM To investigate whether ER-a PvuII and BGP HindIII genetic polymorphisms and their potential interaction are associated with FPG variation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study subjects were 328 unrelated pre-menopausal Chinese women aged 21 years and over (mean age ± SD, 33.2 ± 5.9 years), with an average FPG of 4.92 (SD = 0.81). All subjects were genotyped at the ER-α PvuII and BGP HindIII loci using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS The ER-α PvuII genotypes were significantly associated with FPG (p = 0.007). In addition, a significant interaction was observed of the ER-α PvuII polymorphism with BGP HindIII polymorphism on FPG variation (p = 0.013), although the BGP HindIII polymorphism was not shown to be individually associated with FPG. CONCLUSION The PvuII polymorphism of the ER-α gene and its potential interaction with the HindIII polymorphism of the BGP gene were associated with FPG in pre-menopausal Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- a Department of Physiology , Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Lu-Ling He
- a Department of Physiology , Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Chao-Peng Xiong
- b Foreign Nursing Class-2013 Grade, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University , Fuzhou , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- c School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Chang-Le Liu
- a Department of Physiology , Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Tang
- f Clinic 6 Class-2012 Grade, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | | | - Yun-Ming Tu
- g Department of Endocrinology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China , and
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- g Department of Endocrinology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China , and
| | - Dan Luo
- a Department of Physiology , Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Lin Zou
- h Department of Radioimmunology , People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
| | - Shang-Dong Liang
- a Department of Physiology , Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , PR China
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Lim V, Li J, Gong Y, Yuan JM, Wu TS, Hammond G, Jin A, Koh WP, Yong E. Serum free estradiol and estrogen receptor-α mediated activity are related to decreased incident hip fractures in older women. Bone 2012; 50:1311-6. [PMID: 22445734 PMCID: PMC3353105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is paucity of data from Asian women on the association between serum estrogens and osteoporotic hip fracture risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within a population-based prospective cohort, The Singapore Chinese Health Study, to evaluate serum estrogens levels, ERα-mediated estrogenic activity and hip fracture risk in postmenopausal Asian women. Among 35,298 women who were recruited between 1993 and 1998, 15,410 women donated blood for research between 1999 and 2004. From this subcohort, we identified 140 cases who subsequently suffered hip fracture after blood donation, and 278 age-matched controls. Serum levels of total estrone, estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin levels were measured in a blinded fashion among cases and controls. ERα-mediated estrogenic activity of serum samples was quantified using a sensitive ERα-driven cell bioassay. Women with hip fracture had lower serum estrogens than control women. Compared to the lowest quintile, women in the highest quintile of free estradiol exhibited a statistically significant 57% reduction in risk of hip fracture (95% confidence interval (CI), 6-80%), with a dose-dependent relationship (p for trend=0.021). High levels of ERα-mediated estrogenic activity were also associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (p for trend=0.048). Overall, women with relatively high levels of both free estradiol and ERα-mediated estrogenic activity had a 55% reduction in hip fracture risk (95% CI, 17-76%) compared to women with low levels of both. High levels of free estradiol and ERα-mediated estrogen activity in sera were associated with reduced hip fracture risk in Chinese postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Yinhan Gong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tsung Sheng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Hammond
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Aizhen Jin
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - E.L. Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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Bader MI, Wober J, Kretzschmar G, Zierau O, Vollmer G. Comparative assessment of estrogenic responses with relevance to the metabolic syndrome and to menopausal symptoms in wild-type and aromatase-knockout mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 127:428-34. [PMID: 21621614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Knockout of the Cyp-19 gene (aromatase) renders mice to have insufficient endogenous estrogen production and contributes to the development of symptoms related the metabolic syndrome, including excess adiposity and insulin resistance. This study comparatively assessed the estrogen responsiveness in animal models of genetical versus surgical (ovariectomy) origin of estrogen deficiency. Evaluation of physiological parameters and gene expression pattern in response to estrogens revealed differences in estrogen responsiveness between aromatase deficient and castrated or intact wild-type mice. ArKO mice had a significantly higher bodyweight than matched ovariectomized wild-type mice. The weight of the completely regressed uterus following ovariectomy was higher than the uterine weight of ArKO mice. Further, alterations in metabolic parameters like increased serum leptin levels and decreased plasma glucose levels in genetically deficient mice became apparent. Finally, expression pattern of estrogen responsive genes differed in the two experimental models of estrogen deficiency. Both, in uterine and adipose tissues the regulation of expression of some genes either was inversed of regulation or considerably differed in the magnitude of the response in the two models. Our studies demonstrate that the cause of estrogen deficiency significantly impacts on estrogen responsiveness and may be of relevance for investigations on aspects of estrogen deficiency and metabolic and/or menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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Yoneda T, Ueno T, Uchiyama S. S-equol and the fermented soy product SE5-OH containing S-equol similarly decrease ovariectomy-induced increase in rat tail skin temperature in an animal model of hot flushes. Menopause 2011; 18:814-20. [PMID: 21451423 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318208fb0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of SE5-OH, a fermented soy product containing S-equol, with purified S-equol on hot flushes in an ovariectomized rat model. METHODS Eleven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to either the sham group (vehicle; n = 30) or one of four ovariectomized groups: control (vehicle; n = 30), conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; 6.0 mg kg(-1) d(-1) CEE; n = 10), SE5-OH (2,000 mg kg(-1) d(-1) SE5-OH containing 11.7 mg kg(-1) d(-1) as S-equol; n = 30), and S-equol (11.7 mg kg(-1) d(_1) S-equol; n = 30). Three days after sham operation or ovariectomy, animals were treated once daily for 38 days. Tail skin temperature (TST) was assessed on days 21, 28, and 35 after surgery. Plasma estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels and uterine weight and uteri histology were evaluated at the end of treatment. RESULTS The rise in TST resulting from ovariectomy was inhibited by CEE, SE5-OH, and S-equol. Compared with the control, TST was decreased by 68.9% and 86.2% in SE5-OH group on days 21 and 28, respectively (P = 0.014, 0.020), and by 60.1% and 89.1% in S-equol group, respectively (P = 0.038, 0.016). Unlike in the CEE group, plasma estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, uterine weight, epithelial height, stromal expansion, and myometrial thickness were not affected in SE5-OH and S-equol groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this animal model of hot flushes suggest that S-equol is one of the primary components of SE5-OH and that both SE5-OH and S-equol represent promising alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinical research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoneda
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saga, Japan.
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Li X, Song QS, Wang JY, Leng HJ, Chen ZQ, Liu ZJ, Dang GT, Song CL. Simvastatin induces estrogen receptor-alpha expression in bone, restores bone loss, and decreases ERα expression and uterine wet weight in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2011; 29:396-403. [PMID: 21063740 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that simvastatin induces estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) in murine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the effect of simvastatin on ERα expression in bone and uterus in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and evaluated bone mass, bone strength, and uterine wet weight. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats received OVX or sham operation. Six weeks later, the rats were treated orally with simvastatin (5 or 10 mg/kg/day), or intraperitoneally with 17-β-estradiol (E(2)) or a combination of simvastatin and E(2) for 6 weeks. Uterine wet weight, bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae, biomechanics of lumbar vertebrae, and induction of ERα expression in the bone and uterus were analyzed. The 6-week simvastatin treatment improved lumbar vertebral BMD and boosted biomechanical performance of the vertebral body compared to the OVX control, suggesting that simvastatin can treat osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency. More interestingly, simvastatin could increase ERα expression and synergy with estradiol in bone while antagonizing estradiol in the uterus, along with uterus atrophy and uterine wet weight decreases. In conclusion, these data suggest that simvastatin exert opposing modulatory effects on ERα expression on bone and uterus in ovariectomized rats, inducing ERα expression and synergy with estrogen to perform anabolic effects on the bones while decreasing E2 efficacy and uterine wet weight. This finding may be helpful to explain the mechanism of statin treatment in osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE 20-hydroxyecdysone has numerous favorable effects on a variety of organs, including the skin, where it improves wound healing. It is devoid of estrogenic and androgenic effects. Therefore, application of 20-hydroxyecdysone might be a new approach to improve skin conditions in postmenopausal women, and this was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS After ovariectomy, rats received Ecd (18, 57, or 116 mg/animal/day) or 17β-estradiol (E₂)-3-benzoate (60 μg/kg body weight) in food for 12 weeks, and skin samples were evaluated histologically to quantify two dermal layers, the subcutaneous fat and muscle layers. RESULTS Epidermal thickness was lowest in the OVX animals, slightly higher in the E₂-treated animals, and significantly higher in the Ecd-treated animals. Dermal thickness was lowest in the intact and E₂-treated animals and highest in the Ecd-treated animals. The subcutaneous fat layer was thickest in the OVX animals, thinner in the intact animals, and intermediate in the Ecd-treated animals. The muscle layer was smallest in the OVX and intact animals and significantly larger in the E₂- and Ecd-treated animals. The number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody-positive cells was lowest in OVX controls and significantly higher in all other groups. CONCLUSIONS The Ecd-induced increases in epidermal and dermal thickness are suggestive of functional changes of the skin. The decreased amounts of subcutaneous fat in the E₂- and Ecd-treated animals point to either a fat catabolic or an antianabolic effect. The ovariectomy-induced decrease in subcutaneous musculature was prevented by Ecd but not by E₂. The stimulatory effects of Ecd on epidermal and dermal thickness and the muscle-increasing effects in the skin of OVX rats may indicate functional changes of the skin.
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Association analysis of genetic polymorphisms and potential interaction of the osteocalcin (BGP) and ER-alpha genes with body mass index (BMI) in premenopausal Chinese women. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:455-60. [PMID: 20305683 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) PvuII and osteocalcin (also known as bone Gla protein, or BGP) HindIII genetic polymorphisms and their potential interactions are associated with body mass index (BMI) variation. METHODS Data on BMI and ER-alpha PvuII and BGP HindIII genotypes were obtained from 328 healthy premenopausal Chinese women in east China. The study subjects were unrelated, at least 21 years old (mean age of 33.2+/-5.9 years), and had an average BMI of 21.58+/-2.59. All subjects were genotyped at the ER-alpha PvuII and BGP HindIII loci using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS The BGP HindIII genotypes were significantly associated with BMI (P=0.003). Carriers of the HH and Hh genotypes had approximately 2.73% and 1.27% higher BMI than those of the hh genotype, respectively. In contrast, the ER-alpha PvuII polymorphism was not significantly associated with BMI (P=0.454). In addition, there was no evidence of potential interactions between the ER-alpha and BGP genes in our subjects (P>or=0.013). CONCLUSION The HindIII polymorphism of the BGP gene, but not the PvuII polymorphism of the ER-alpha gene or their potential interaction, was associated with BMI in premenopausal Chinese women.
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Seidlova-Wuttke D, Ehrhardt C, Wuttke W. Metabolic effects of 20-OH-ecdysone in ovariectomized rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 119:121-6. [PMID: 20097286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women develop often obesity which may be prevented by 20-OH-Ecdysone (Ecd). This was investigated in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. They were orally treated with 3 doses of Ecd (18, 56 or 116 mg/day/animal). Positive controls received 159 microg estradiol (E2). Quantitative computer tomography at the level of the abdomen and the metaphysis of the tibia allowed estimation of surface, fat depots and muscles. The highest dose of Ecd resulted in serum concentrations of 0.4 x 10(-6)M. Serum E2 concentrations in the positive controls were 73.3+/-24.41 pg/ml. E2 but not Ecd stimulated uterine weights. Under Ecd ovx animals gained less fat but had more muscle mass. Serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels remained unaffected while E2 treatment increases T4 but decreases T3 levels. Ecd at the lowest dose lowered serum LDL and did not result in increased serum triglycerides, an effect seen in the E2 treated rats. At the Ecd highest dose serum HDL was higher than in the controls. In conclusion Ecd has beneficial effects on fat and muscle tissue and may be able to prevent the metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia by a non-estrogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Seidlova-Wuttke
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Strasse, 40, D-37099 Göttingen, Germany
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Estrogen receptor-beta activated apoptosis in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate is androgen independent and TNFalpha mediated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3123-8. [PMID: 20133657 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905524107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are androgen-dependent diseases commonly treated by inhibiting androgen action. However, androgen ablation or castration fail to target androgen-independent cells implicated in disease etiology and recurrence. Mechanistically different to castration, this study shows beneficial proapoptotic actions of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in BPH and PCa. ERbeta agonist induces apoptosis in prostatic stromal, luminal and castrate-resistant basal epithelial cells of estrogen-deficient aromatase knock-out mice. This occurs via extrinsic (caspase-8) pathways, without reducing serum hormones, and perturbs the regenerative capacity of the epithelium. TNFalpha knock-out mice fail to respond to ERbeta agonist, demonstrating the requirement for TNFalpha signaling. In human tissues, ERbeta agonist induces apoptosis in stroma and epithelium of xenografted BPH specimens, including in the CD133(+) enriched putative stem/progenitor cells isolated from BPH-1 cells in vitro. In PCa, ERbeta causes apoptosis in Gleason Grade 7 xenografted tissues and androgen-independent cells lines (PC3 and DU145) via caspase-8. These data provide evidence of the beneficial effects of ERbeta agonist on epithelium and stroma of BPH, as well as androgen-independent tumor cells implicated in recurrent disease. Our data are indicative of the therapeutic potential of ERbeta agonist for treatment of PCa and/or BPH with or without androgen withdrawal.
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