1
|
Dai J, Liu T, Torigian DA, Tong Y, Han S, Nie P, Zhang J, Li R, Xie F, Udupa JK. GA-Net: A geographical attention neural network for the segmentation of body torso tissue composition. Med Image Anal 2024; 91:102987. [PMID: 37837691 PMCID: PMC10841506 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body composition analysis (BCA) of the body torso plays a vital role in the study of physical health and pathology and provides biomarkers that facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and osteoarthritis. In this work, we propose a body composition tissue segmentation method that can automatically delineate those key tissues, including subcutaneous adipose tissue, skeleton, skeletal muscle tissue, and visceral adipose tissue, on positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans of the body torso. METHODS To provide appropriate and precise semantic and spatial information that is strongly related to body composition tissues for the deep neural network, first we introduce a new concept of the body area and integrate it into our proposed segmentation network called Geographical Attention Network (GA-Net). The body areas are defined following anatomical principles such that the whole body torso region is partitioned into three non-overlapping body areas. Each body composition tissue of interest is fully contained in exactly one specific minimal body area. Secondly, the proposed GA-Net has a novel dual-decoder schema that is composed of a tissue decoder and an area decoder. The tissue decoder segments the body composition tissues, while the area decoder segments the body areas as an auxiliary task. The features of body areas and body composition tissues are fused through a soft attention mechanism to gain geographical attention relevant to the body tissues. Thirdly, we propose a body composition tissue annotation approach that takes the body area labels as the region of interest, which significantly improves the reproducibility, precision, and efficiency of delineating body composition tissues. RESULTS Our evaluations on 50 low-dose unenhanced CT images indicate that GA-Net outperforms other architectures statistically significantly based on the Dice metric. GA-Net also shows improvements for the 95% Hausdorff Distance metric in most comparisons. Notably, GA-Net exhibits more sensitivity to subtle boundary information and produces more reliable and robust predictions for such structures, which are the most challenging parts to manually mend in practice, with potentially significant time-savings in the post hoc correction of these subtle boundary placement errors. Due to the prior knowledge provided from body areas, GA-Net achieves competitive performance with less training data. Our extension of the dual-decoder schema to TransUNet and 3D U-Net demonstrates that the new schema significantly improves the performance of these classical neural networks as well. Heatmaps obtained from attention gate layers further illustrate the geographical guidance function of body areas for identifying body tissues. CONCLUSIONS (i) Prior anatomic knowledge supplied in the form of appropriately designed anatomic container objects significantly improves the segmentation of bodily tissues. (ii) Of particular note are the improvements achieved in the delineation of subtle boundary features which otherwise would take much effort for manual correction. (iii) The method can be easily extended to existing networks to improve their accuracy for this application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Tiange Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States of America.
| | - Yubing Tong
- Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States of America.
| | - Shiwei Han
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Pengju Nie
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory for Computer Virtual Technology and System Integration of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China.
| | - Fei Xie
- School of AOAIR, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jayaram K Udupa
- Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, PA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma NS, Choudhary B. Good Cop, Bad Cop: Profiling the Immune Landscape in Multiple Myeloma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1629. [PMID: 38002311 PMCID: PMC10669790 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a dyscrasia of plasma cells (PCs) characterized by abnormal immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The disease remains incurable due to a multitude of mutations and structural abnormalities in MM cells, coupled with a favorable microenvironment and immune suppression that eventually contribute to the development of drug resistance. The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is composed of a cellular component comprising stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and immune cells, and a non-cellular component made of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the liquid milieu, which contains cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are involved in the adhesion of MM cells, promote the growth, proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance of MM cells, and are also crucial in angiogenesis and the formation of lytic bone lesions. Classical immunophenotyping in combination with advanced immune profiling using single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled immune cell-specific gene expression analysis in MM to further elucidate the roles of specific immune cell fractions from peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) in myelomagenesis and progression, immune evasion and exhaustion mechanisms, and development of drug resistance and relapse. The review describes the role of BMME components in MM development and ongoing clinical trials using immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Seshagiri Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Electronic City, Bengaluru 560100, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Groen K, Schjesvold FH, van der Holt B, Levin MD, Seefat MR, Hansson M, Leys MB, Regelink JC, Waage A, Szatkowski D, Axelsson P, Hieu Do T, Svirskaite A, van der Spek E, Haukas E, Knut-Bojanowska D, Ypma PF, Blimark CH, Mellqvist UH, van de Donk NW, Sonneveld P, Klostergaard A, Vangsted AJ, Abildgaard N, Zweegman S. Ixazomib-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone Induction Followed by Ixazomib or Placebo Maintenance in Nontransplant Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients: Long-term Results of HOVON-126/NMSG 21.13. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e940. [PMID: 37663673 PMCID: PMC10470677 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Groen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik H. Schjesvold
- Department of Hematology, Oslo Myeloma Center, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bronno van der Holt
- Department of Hematology, HOVON Data Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark-David Levin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Seefat
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Hansson
- Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria B.L. Leys
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josien C. Regelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Waage
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Damian Szatkowski
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Førde Central Hospital, Norway
| | - Per Axelsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Sweden
| | - Trung Hieu Do
- Haematology Department H 60, Roskilde Sjaelland University, Denmark
| | - Asta Svirskaite
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ellen van der Spek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Einar Haukas
- Department for Blood and Cancer Diseases, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Paula F. Ypma
- Department of Hematology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilie H. Blimark
- Hematology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Niels W.C.J. van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Niels Abildgaard
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Unit and Academy of Geriatric Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaçmaz M, Oğuzman H. The Leucine-Rich α2-Glycoprotein-1 Levels in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Oncol Res Treat 2023; 46:415-423. [PMID: 37527638 DOI: 10.1159/000532042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiogenesis is considered important in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), as well as in the targeted treatment of the disease. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is a protein that participates in angiogenesis and its effect on solid organ tumors has been investigated recently. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MM and LRG1. METHODS The MM patients who admitted to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hematology Clinic between September 2021 and October 2022 were included in the study. The study consists of a total of 4 groups: newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), relapsed refractory MM (RRMM), MM in remission (Rem-MM), and control group. Demographic data were retrieved from hospital records. Blood samples of our study groups were centrifuged at 1,500 × g for 10 min and serum was collected. LRG1, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, FGF-2, and VEGF levels were analyzed in all groups by ELISA method, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 112 individuals, including NDMM (n: 27), RRMM (n: 18), Rem-MM (n: 42), and control group (n: 25), were enrolled in the study. Based on the analyses, the NDMM group exhibited significantly elevated levels of LRG1 (p < 0.001), TGF-1 (p < 0.001), and HIF-1α (p = 0.046, p < 0.001, and p = 0.003 compared to the RRMM, Rem-MM, and control groups, respectively) compared to the other groups. LRG1 levels were positively correlated with creatinine (r: 0.363, p = 0.001), calcium (r: 0.344, p = 0.001), total protein (r: 0.473, p < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r: 0.547, p < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (r: 0.321, p = 0.003), beta-2-microglobulin (r: 0.312, p = 0.017), IL-6 (r: 0.478, p < 0.001), IL-8 (r: 0.240, p = 0.03), TGF-β1 (r: 0.521, p < 0.001), and HIF-1α (r: 0.321, p = 0.003) levels and were negatively correlated with hemoglobin (r: -0.512, p < 0.001) and albumin (r: -0.549, p < 0.001) levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis revealed the association of LRG1 with the highest AUC value of 0.959 (95% CI: 0.904-1, p < 0.001) and the optimal cut-off value of 534.95 ng/mL (sensitivity: 93% and specificity: 99%) in the NDMM group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION In this study, providing data for the first time on LRG1 levels in the setting of MM. LRG1 levels were found to be significantly higher in NDMM patients and in our study discriminate this patient population from RRMM, Rem-MM, and normal controls. Therefore, LRG1 seems to a potential biomarker that should be evaluated in future studies addressing the diagnosis, staging, follow-up, prognosis, and treatment target of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaçmaz
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Oğuzman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
García-Sánchez D, González-González A, Alfonso-Fernández A, Del Dujo-Gutiérrez M, Pérez-Campo FM. Communication between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and multiple myeloma cells: Impact on disease progression. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:421-437. [PMID: 37342223 PMCID: PMC10277973 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immunoglobulin-secreting clonal plasma cells at the bone marrow (BM). The interaction between MM cells and the BM microenvironment, and specifically BM mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), has a key role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Multiple data support the idea that BM-MSCs not only enhance the proliferation and survival of MM cells but are also involved in the resistance of MM cells to certain drugs, aiding the progression of this hematological tumor. The relation of MM cells with the resident BM-MSCs is a two-way interaction. MM modulate the behavior of BM-MSCs altering their expression profile, proliferation rate, osteogenic potential, and expression of senescence markers. In turn, modified BM-MSCs can produce a set of cytokines that would modulate the BM microenvironment to favor disease progression. The interaction between MM cells and BM-MSCs can be mediated by the secretion of a variety of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles carrying microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs or other molecules. However, the communication between these two types of cells could also involve a direct physical interaction through adhesion molecules or tunneling nanotubes. Thus, understanding the way this communication works and developing strategies to interfere in the process, would preclude the expansion of the MM cells and might offer alternative treatments for this incurable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Alberto González-González
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Ana Alfonso-Fernández
- Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39008, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Mónica Del Dujo-Gutiérrez
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Flor M Pérez-Campo
- Department of Molecular Biology_IDIVAL, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander 39011, Cantabria, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fairfield H, Condruti R, Farrell M, Di Iorio R, Gartner CA, Vary C, Reagan MR. Development and characterization of three cell culture systems to investigate the relationship between primary bone marrow adipocytes and myeloma cells. Front Oncol 2023; 12:912834. [PMID: 36713534 PMCID: PMC9874147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of the bone marrow (BM) allow for migration and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells while also providing the perfect environment for development of quiescent, drug-resistant MM cell clones. BM adipocytes (BMAds) have recently been identified as important contributors to systemic adipokine levels, bone strength, hematopoiesis, and progression of metastatic and primary BM cancers, such as MM. Recent studies in myeloma suggest that BMAds can be reprogrammed by tumor cells to contribute to myeloma-induced bone disease, and, reciprocally, BMAds support MM cells in vitro. Importantly, most data investigating BMAds have been generated using adipocytes generated by differentiating BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into adipocytes in vitro using adipogenic media, due to the extreme technical challenges associated with isolating and culturing primary adipocytes. However, if studies could be performed with primary adipocytes, then they likely will recapitulate in vivo biology better than BMSC-derived adipocytes, as the differentiation process is artificial and differs from in vivo differentiation, and progenitor cell(s) of the primary BMAd (pBMAds) may not be the same as the BMSCs precursors used for adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, we developed and refined three methods for culturing pBMAds: two-dimensional (2D) coverslips, 2D transwells, and three-dimensional (3D) silk scaffolds, all of which can be cultured alone or with MM cells to investigate bidirectional tumor-host signaling. To develop an in vitro model with a tissue-like structure to mimic the BM microenvironment, we developed the first 3D, tissue engineered model utilizing pBMAds derived from human BM. We found that pBMAds, which are extremely fragile, can be isolated and stably cultured in 2D for 10 days and in 3D for up to 4 week in vitro. To investigate the relationship between pBMAds and myeloma, MM cells can be added to investigate physical relationships through confocal imaging and soluble signaling molecules via mass spectrometry. In summary, we developed three in vitro cell culture systems to study pBMAds and myeloma cells, which could be adapted to investigate many diseases and biological processes involving the BM, including other bone-homing tumor types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mariah Farrell
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reagan Di Iorio
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Carlos A. Gartner
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Calvin Vary
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gebraad A, Ohlsbom R, Miettinen JJ, Emeh P, Pakarinen TK, Manninen M, Eskelinen A, Kuismanen K, Slipicevic A, Lehmann F, Nupponen NN, Heckman CA, Miettinen S. Growth Response and Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in the Presence of Novel Multiple Myeloma Drug Melflufen. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091574. [PMID: 35563880 PMCID: PMC9103864 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are self-renewing and multipotent progenitors, which constitute the main cellular compartment of the bone marrow stroma. Because MSCs have an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, it is essential to know if novel drugs target MSCs. Melflufen is a novel anticancer peptide–drug conjugate compound for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Here, we studied the cytotoxicity of melflufen, melphalan and doxorubicin in healthy human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and how these drugs affect BMSC proliferation. We established co-cultures of BMSCs with MM.1S myeloma cells to see if BMSCs increase or decrease the cytotoxicity of melflufen, melphalan, bortezomib and doxorubicin. We evaluated how the drugs affect BMSC differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts and the BMSC-supported formation of vascular networks. Our results showed that BMSCs were more sensitive to melflufen than to melphalan. The cytotoxicity of melflufen in myeloma cells was not affected by the co-culture with BMSCs, as was the case for melphalan, bortezomib and doxorubicin. Adipogenesis, osteogenesis and BMSC-mediated angiogenesis were all affected by melflufen. Melphalan and doxorubicin affected BMSC differentiation in similar ways. The effects on adipogenesis and osteogenesis were not solely because of effects on proliferation, seen from the differential expression of differentiation markers normalized by cell number. Overall, our results indicate that melflufen has a significant impact on BMSCs, which could possibly affect therapy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Gebraad
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (R.O.); (P.E.); (S.M.)
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Roope Ohlsbom
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (R.O.); (P.E.); (S.M.)
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho J. Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Promise Emeh
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (R.O.); (P.E.); (S.M.)
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Toni-Karri Pakarinen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | | | - Antti Eskelinen
- Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Kirsi Kuismanen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Ana Slipicevic
- Oncopeptides AB, 111 37 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.S.); (F.L.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Oncopeptides AB, 111 37 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.S.); (F.L.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Nina N. Nupponen
- Oncopeptides AB, 111 37 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.S.); (F.L.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, HiLIFE–Helsinki Institute of Life Science, iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (J.J.M.); (C.A.H.)
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland; (R.O.); (P.E.); (S.M.)
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maiso P, Mogollón P, Ocio EM, Garayoa M. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Their Role as Active Contributors to Myeloma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2542. [PMID: 34067236 PMCID: PMC8196907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells that proliferate and accumulate within the bone marrow (BM). Work from many groups has made evident that the complex microenvironment of the BM plays a crucial role in myeloma progression and response to therapeutic agents. Within the cellular components of the BM, we will specifically focus on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known to interact with myeloma cells and the other components of the BM through cell to cell, soluble factors and, as more recently evidenced, through extracellular vesicles. Multiple structural and functional abnormalities have been found when characterizing MSCs derived from myeloma patients (MM-MSCs) and comparing them to those from healthy donors (HD-MSCs). Other studies have identified differences in genomic, mRNA, microRNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation profiles. We discuss these distinctive features shaping MM-MSCs and propose a model for the transition from HD-MSCs to MM-MSCs as a consequence of the interaction with myeloma cells. Finally, we review the contribution of MM-MSCs to several aspects of myeloma pathology, specifically to myeloma growth and survival, drug resistance, dissemination and homing, myeloma bone disease, and the induction of a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Maiso
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Pedro Mogollón
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (P.M.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giannakoulas N, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. The Role of Marrow Microenvironment in the Growth and Development of Malignant Plasma Cells in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094462. [PMID: 33923357 PMCID: PMC8123209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and effectiveness of novel therapies in multiple myeloma have been established in large clinical trials. However, multiple myeloma remains an incurable malignancy despite significant therapeutic advances. Accumulating data have elucidated our understanding of the genetic background of the malignant plasma cells along with the role of the bone marrow microenvironment. Currently, the interaction among myeloma cells and the components of the microenvironment are considered crucial in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. Adhesion molecules, cytokines and the extracellular matrix play a critical role in the interplay among genetically transformed clonal plasma cells and stromal cells, leading to the proliferation, progression and survival of myeloma cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted role of the bone marrow microenvironment in the growth and development of malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology of University Hospital of Larisa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Macrophages in multiple myeloma: key roles and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:273-284. [PMID: 33404860 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a vital component of the tumour microenvironment and crucial mediators of tumour progression. In the last decade, significant strides have been made in understanding the crucial functional roles played by macrophages in the development of the plasma cell (PC) malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM). Whilst the interaction between MM PC and stromal cells within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has been extensively studied, we are only just starting to appreciate the multifaceted roles played by macrophages in disease progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that macrophage infiltration is associated with poor overall survival in MM. Indeed, macrophages influence numerous pathways critical for the initiation and progression of MM, including homing of malignant cells to BM, tumour cell growth and survival, drug resistance, angiogenesis and immune suppression. As such, therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages within the BM niche have promise in the clinical setting. This review will discuss the functions elicited by macrophages throughout different stages of MM and provide a comprehensive evaluation of potential macrophage-targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Farrell M, Fairfield H, Costa S, D'Amico A, Falank C, Brooks DJ, Reagan MR. Sclerostin-Neutralizing Antibody Treatment Rescues Negative Effects of Rosiglitazone on Mouse Bone Parameters. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:158-169. [PMID: 32845528 PMCID: PMC8080259 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a growing pandemic, is a risk factor for many cancers and causes increased bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). in vitro studies and obese animal models suggest that BMAT contributes to cancer progression, but there is a lack of preclinical models to directly test BMAT's role in cancer. Overactivation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) can skew bone formation and resorption rates, resulting in increased BMAT and trabecular bone loss. Thiazolidinediones (eg, rosiglitazone) are anti-diabetic therapies that promote adipogenesis through PPARγ activation. We investigated if rosiglitazone increases BMAT in an immunocompromised model, commonly used in cancer research, and if these effects could be reversed by co-administering a bone anabolic agent (sclerostin-neutralizing antibody [Scl-Ab]), which has been shown to inhibit adipogenesis, using DXA, μCT, OsO4 μCT, and dynamic histomorphometry. Four weeks of rosiglitazone in female SCID Beige mice (cohort 1) significantly decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) by about one-half, through increased osteoclast and suppressed osteoblast activity, and significantly increased BMAT. In cohort 2, mice were administered rosiglitazone ± Scl-Ab for 4 weeks, and then rosiglitazone was discontinued and Scl-Ab or vehicle were continued for 6 weeks. Scl-Ab significantly increased bone parameters (eg, BV/TV, N.Ob/B.Pm, and MS/BS) in both groups. Scl-Ab also overcame many negative effects of rosiglitazone (eg, effects on trabecular bone parameters, increased mineralization lag time [MLT], and decreased bone formation rate [BFR]). Interestingly, Scl-Ab significantly decreased rosiglitazone-induced BMAT in the femur, mostly due to a reduction in adipocyte size, but had a much weaker effect on tibial BMAT. These data suggest targeting sclerostin can prevent rosiglitazone-induced bone loss and reduce BM adiposity, in some, but not all BMAT locations. Collectively, our data demonstrate that rosiglitazone increases BMAT in SCID Beige mice, but concomitant changes in bone may confound its use to specifically determine BMAT's role in tumor models. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Farrell
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anastasia D'Amico
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Center for Skeletal Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.,Biology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fairfield H, Dudakovic A, Khatib CM, Farrell M, Costa S, Falank C, Hinge M, Murphy CS, DeMambro V, Pettitt JA, Lary CW, Driscoll HE, McDonald MM, Kassem M, Rosen C, Andersen TL, van Wijnen AJ, Jafari A, Reagan MR. Myeloma-Modified Adipocytes Exhibit Metabolic Dysfunction and a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype. Cancer Res 2020; 81:634-647. [PMID: 33218968 PMCID: PMC7854508 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd) have recently been implicated in accelerating bone metastatic cancers, such as acute myelogenous leukemia and breast cancer. Importantly, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) expands with aging and obesity, two key risk factors in multiple myeloma disease prevalence, suggesting that BMAds may influence and be influenced by myeloma cells in the marrow. Here, we provide evidence that reciprocal interactions and cross-regulation of myeloma cells and BMAds play a role in multiple myeloma pathogenesis and treatment response. Bone marrow biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma revealed significant loss of BMAT with myeloma cell infiltration of the marrow, whereas BMAT was restored after treatment for multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells reduced BMAT in different preclinical murine models of multiple myeloma and in vitro using myeloma cell-adipocyte cocultures. In addition, multiple myeloma cells altered adipocyte gene expression and cytokine secretory profiles, which were also associated with bioenergetic changes and induction of a senescent-like phenotype. In vivo, senescence markers were also increased in the bone marrow of tumor-burdened mice. BMAds, in turn, provided resistance to dexamethasone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, illuminating a new possible driver of myeloma cell evolution in a drug-resistant clone. Our findings reveal that bidirectional interactions between BMAds and myeloma cells have significant implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma. Targeting senescence in the BMAd or other bone marrow cells may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study changes the foundational understanding of how cancer cells hijack the bone marrow microenvironment and demonstrates that tumor cells induce senescence and metabolic changes in adipocytes, potentially driving new therapeutic directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Casper M Khatib
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Samantha Costa
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Maja Hinge
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Connor S Murphy
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Victoria DeMambro
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Jessica A Pettitt
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Michelle M McDonald
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Molecular Endocrinology & Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clifford Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Regional Health Research, Vejle/Lillebaelt Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.,Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital - Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine. .,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, Maine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu GJ, Chen JT, Cherng YG, Chang CC, Liu SH, Chen RM. Genistein Improves Bone Healing via Triggering Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Mediated Expressions of Osteogenesis-Associated Genes and Consequent Maturation of Osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10639-10650. [PMID: 32897066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis-associated fractures may cause higher morbidity and mortality. Our previous study showed the effects of genistein, a phytoestrogen, on the induction of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene expression and stimulation of osteoblast mineralization. In this study, rat calvarial osteoblasts and an animal bone defect model were used to investigate the effects of genistein on bone healing. Treatment with genistein caused a time-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in rat osteoblasts. Levels of cytosolic and nuclear ERα significantly augmented following exposure to genistein. Subsequently, genistein elevated levels of ALP mRNA and protein in rat osteoblasts. Moreover, genistein induced other osteogenesis-associated osteocalcin and Runx2 mRNA and protein expressions. Knocking-down ERα using RNA interference concurrently inhibited genistein-induced Runx2, osteocalcin, and ALP mRNA expression. Attractively, administration of ICR mice suffering bone defects with genistein caused significant increases in the callus width, chondrocyte proliferation, and ALP synthesis. Results of microcomputed tomography revealed that administration of genistein increased trabecular bone numbers and improved the bone thickness and volume. This study showed that genistein can improve bone healing via triggering ERα-mediated osteogenesis-associated gene expressions and subsequent osteoblast maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jhe Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Papadimitriou K, Kostopoulos IV, Tsopanidou A, Orologas-Stavrou N, Kastritis E, Tsitsilonis OE, Dimopoulos MA, Terpos E. Ex Vivo Models Simulating the Bone Marrow Environment and Predicting Response to Therapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082006. [PMID: 32707884 PMCID: PMC7463609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the abundance of novel drugs. As it has been previously shown, preclinical 2D models fail to predict disease progression due to their inability to simulate the microenvironment of the bone marrow. In this review, we focus on 3D models and present all currently available ex vivo MM models that fulfil certain criteria, such as development of complex 3D environments using patients' cells and ability to test different drugs in order to assess personalized MM treatment efficacy of various regimens and combinations. We selected models representing the top-notch ex vivo platforms and evaluated them in terms of cost, time-span, and feasibility of the method. Finally, we propose where such a model can be more informative in a patient's treatment timeline. Overall, advanced 3D preclinical models are very promising as they may eventually offer the opportunity to precisely select the optimal personalized treatment for each MM patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Ioannis V. Kostopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
| | - Anastasia Tsopanidou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Nikolaos Orologas-Stavrou
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (A.T.); (N.O.-S.); (O.E.T.)
| | - Meletios A. Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (M.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.K.); (E.T.); Tel.: +30-210-7274929 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2846 (E.T.); Fax: +30-210-7274635 (I.V.K.); +30-213-216-2511 (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gooding S, Olechnowicz SWZ, Morris EV, Armitage AE, Arezes J, Frost J, Repapi E, Edwards JR, Ashley N, Waugh C, Gray N, Martinez-Hackert E, Lim PJ, Pasricha SR, Knowles H, Mead AJ, Ramasamy K, Drakesmith H, Edwards CM. Transcriptomic profiling of the myeloma bone-lining niche reveals BMP signalling inhibition to improve bone disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4533. [PMID: 31586071 PMCID: PMC6778199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable, bone marrow-dwelling malignancy that disrupts bone homeostasis causing skeletal damage and pain. Mechanisms underlying myeloma-induced bone destruction are poorly understood and current therapies do not restore lost bone mass. Using transcriptomic profiling of isolated bone lining cell subtypes from a murine myeloma model, we find that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling is upregulated in stromal progenitor cells. BMP signalling has not previously been reported to be dysregulated in myeloma bone disease. Inhibition of BMP signalling in vivo using either a small molecule BMP receptor antagonist or a solubilized BMPR1a-FC receptor ligand trap prevents trabecular and cortical bone volume loss caused by myeloma, without increasing tumour burden. BMP inhibition directly reduces osteoclastogenesis, increases osteoblasts and bone formation, and suppresses bone marrow sclerostin levels. In summary we describe a novel role for the BMP pathway in myeloma-induced bone disease that can be therapeutically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gooding
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam W Z Olechnowicz
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma V Morris
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joao Arezes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joe Frost
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Edwards
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Craig Waugh
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Gray
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik Martinez-Hackert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Pei Jin Lim
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sant-Rayn Pasricha
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Knowles
- Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Mead
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karthik Ramasamy
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Claire M Edwards
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Blood Theme, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grab AL, Seckinger A, Horn P, Hose D, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Hyaluronan hydrogels delivering BMP-6 for local targeting of malignant plasma cells and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:258-270. [PMID: 31302300 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease characterized by accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Uncoupling of bone formation and resorption by myeloma cells leads to osteolytic lesions. These are prone to fracture and represent a possible survival space for myeloma cells under treatment causing disease relapse. Here we report on a novel approach suitable for local treatment of multiple myeloma based on hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels mimicking the physical properties of the bone marrow. The HA hydrogels are complexed with heparin to achieve sustained presentation and controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6). Others and we have shown that BMP-6 induces myeloma cell apoptosis and bone formation. Using quartz crystal microbalance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured an initial surface density of 400 ng BMP6/cm2, corresponding to two BMP-6 per heparin molecule, with 50% release within two weeks. HA-hydrogels presenting BMP-6 enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad 1/5 while reducing the activity of BMP-6 antagonist sclerostin. These materials induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and decreased the viability of myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. BMP-6 functionalized HA-hydrogels represent a promising material for local treatment of myeloma-induced bone disease and residual myeloma cells within lesions to minimize disease relapse or fractures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and local suppression of bone formation, resulting in osteolytic lesions and fractures. Despite recent advances in systemic treatment of multiple myeloma, it is rare to achieve a targeted suppression of myeloma cells and healing of bone lesions. Here we present hydrogels which mimic the physico-chemical properties of the bone marrow, consisting of hyaluronic acid with crosslinked heparin for the controlled presentation of bioactive BMP-6. The hydrogels decrease the viability of myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells and induces osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. The presentation of BMP-6 in the hyaluronan hydrogels enhances the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 while reducing the activity of the BMP-6 antagonist sclerostin. As such, BMP-6 functionalized hyaluronan hydrogels represent a promising material for the localized eradication of myeloma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luise Grab
- Labor für Myelomforschung, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics and Central Scientific Facility "Cellular Biotechnology", Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Labor für Myelomforschung, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Labor für Myelomforschung, Medizinische Klinik V, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Department of Cellular Biophysics and Central Scientific Facility "Cellular Biotechnology", Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reagan M. CAUSES OF CANCER. Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119645214.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Wang X, He Y, Tian S, Zhu F, Huang B, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang H. Fluid Shear Stress Increases Osteocyte and Inhibits Osteoclasts via Downregulating Receptor-Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANK)/Osteoprotegerin Expression in Myeloma Microenvironment. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5961-5968. [PMID: 31400110 PMCID: PMC6699202 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the effects of myeloma cells exposed to fluid shear stress on osteocytes and osteoclasts, and clarify the potential underlying mechanisms. Material/methods A flow and a non-flow model were established using a flow fluid chamber. The myeloma cell line U266 and murine osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells were cultured in vitro. The osteocytes and osteoclasts were examined under a microscope. Osteoclasts were stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Compared with the controls, Y4 cells cultured with U266 culture supernatant showed altered morphology, fewer osteocytes, increased RANKL gene expression, a higher RANKL/OPG gene ratio, and a greater number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts (P<0.05 for all). Compared to the no-flow model, the flow model showed a higher number of Y4 cells, increased OPG gene expression, decreased RANKL gene expression, a lower RANKL/OPG gene ratio, and fewer TRAP-positive osteoclasts (P<0.05 for all). Conclusions Our study revealed that fluid shear stress ameliorated the inhibitory effects of myeloma cells on osteocyte growth and inhibited osteoclast proliferation by means of decreasing RANKL/OPG gene expression. This may have clinical implications in patients with multiple myeloma in that mechanical loading with low-intensity vibration or mild exercise may prevent the progression of myeloma bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuchan He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fangxiao Zhu
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hangfei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Opperman KS, Vandyke K, Clark KC, Coulter EA, Hewett DR, Mrozik KM, Schwarz N, Evdokiou A, Croucher PI, Psaltis PJ, Noll JE, Zannettino AC. Clodronate-Liposome Mediated Macrophage Depletion Abrogates Multiple Myeloma Tumor Establishment In Vivo. Neoplasia 2019; 21:777-787. [PMID: 31247457 PMCID: PMC6593350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a fatal plasma cell malignancy that is reliant on the bone marrow microenvironment. The bone marrow is comprised of numerous cells of mesenchymal and hemopoietic origin. Of these, macrophages have been implicated to play a role in myeloma disease progression, angiogenesis, and drug resistance; however, the role of macrophages in myeloma disease establishment remains unknown. In this study, the antimyeloma efficacy of clodronate-liposome treatment, which globally and transiently depletes macrophages, was evaluated in the well-established C57BL/KaLwRijHsd murine model of myeloma. Our studies show, for the first time, that clodronate-liposome pretreatment abrogates myeloma tumor development in vivo. Clodronate-liposome administration resulted in depletion of CD169+ bone marrow-resident macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that clodronate-liposome pretreatment impaired myeloma plasma cell homing and retention within the bone marrow 24 hours postmyeloma plasma cell inoculation. This was attributed in part to decreased levels of macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor 1. Moreover, a single dose of clodronate-liposome led to a significant reduction in myeloma tumor burden in KaLwRij mice with established disease. Collectively, these findings support a role for CD169-expressing bone marrow-resident macrophages in myeloma disease establishment and progression and demonstrate the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapy for myeloma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatora S Opperman
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Kimberley C Clark
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Elizabeth A Coulter
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Krzysztof M Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Nisha Schwarz
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Basil Hetzel Institute, 37 Woodville Road, Woodville, 5011
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Heart and Vascular Health Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Jacqueline E Noll
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001
| | - Andrew Cw Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5005; Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, PO Box 11060, Adelaide, 5001; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, PO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Masarwi M, DeSchiffart A, Ham J, Reagan MR. Multiple Myeloma and Fatty Acid Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10173. [PMID: 30918920 PMCID: PMC6419611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 13% to 15% of all blood cancers1 and is characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within the bone marrow (BM). Despite important advances in treatment, most patients become refractory and relapse with the disease. As MM tumors grow in the BM, they disrupt hematopoiesis, create monoclonal protein spikes in the blood, initiate systemic organ and immune system shutdown,2 and induce painful osteolytic lesions caused by overactive osteoclasts and inhibited osteoblasts.3, 4 MM cells are also extremely dependent on the BM niche, and targeting the BM niche has been clinically transformative for inhibiting the positive-feedback "vicious cycle" between MM cells and osteoclasts that leads to bone resorption and tumor proliferation.5, 6, 7, 8 Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are dynamic, secretory cells that have complex effects on osteoblasts and tumor cells, but their role in modifying the MM cell phenotype is relatively unexplored.9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Given their active endocrine function, capacity for direct cell-cell communication, correlation with aging and obesity (both MM risk factors), potential roles in bone disease, and physical proximity to MM cells, it appears that BMAs support MM cells.14, 15, 16, 17 This supposition is based on research from many laboratories, including our own. Therapeutically targeting the BMA may prove to be equally transformative in the clinic if the pathways through which BMAs affect MM cells can be determined. In this review, we discuss the potential for BMAs to provide free fatty acids to myeloma cells to support their growth and evolution. We highlight certain proteins in MM cells responsible for fatty acid uptake and oxidation and discuss the potential for therapeutically targeting fatty acid metabolism or BMAs from where they may be derived. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Masarwi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Abigail DeSchiffart
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine Maine Medical Center Research Institute Scarborough ME USA.,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering Orono ME USA.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences Tufts University Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Multiple myeloma-derived exosomes are enriched of amphiregulin (AREG) and activate the epidermal growth factor pathway in the bone microenvironment leading to osteoclastogenesis. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30621731 PMCID: PMC6325886 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy associated with osteolytic bone disease. Recently, the role of MM-derived exosomes in the osteoclastogenesis has been demonstrated although the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Since exosomes-derived epidermal growth factor receptor ligands (EGFR) are involved in tumor-associated osteolysis, we hypothesize that the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG) can be delivered by MM-derived exosomes and participate in MM-induced osteoclastogenesis. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned medium of MM1.S cell line and from bone marrow (BM) plasma samples of MM patients. The murine cell line RAW264.7 and primary human CD14+ cells were used as osteoclast (OC) sources. Results We found that AREG was specifically enriched in exosomes from MM samples and that exosomes-derived AREG led to the activation of EGFR in pre-OC, as showed by the increase of mRNA expression of its downstream SNAIL in both RAW264.7 and CD14+ cells. The presence of neutralizing anti-AREG monoclonal antibody (mAb) reverted this effect. Consequently, we showed that the effect of MM-derived exosomes on osteoclast differentiation was inhibited by the pre-treatment of exosomes with anti-AREG mAb. In addition, we demonstrated the ability of MM-derived AREG-enriched exosomes to be internalized into human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) blocking osteoblast (OB) differentiation, increasing MM cell adhesion and the release of the pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine interleukin-8 (IL8). Accordingly, anti-AREG mAb inhibited the release of IL8 by MSCs suggesting that both direct and indirect effects are responsible for AREG-enriched exosomes involvement on MM-induced osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions In conclusion, our data indicate that AREG is packed into MM-derived exosomes and implicated in OC differentiation through an indirect mechanism mediated by OBs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0689-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang L, Lei Q, Wang H, Xu C, Liu T, Kong F, Yang C, Yan G, Sun L, Zhao A, Chen W, Hu Y, Xie H, Cao Y, Fu F, Yuan G, Chen Z, Guo AY, Li Q. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit osteogenesis and exacerbate myeloma bone disease. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:196-209. [PMID: 30662562 PMCID: PMC6332790 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a hallmark driver of multiple myeloma (MM), MM bone disease (MBD) is unique in that it is characterized by severely impaired osteoblast activity resulting from blocked osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The mechanisms underlying this preferential blockade are incompletely understood. Methods: miRNA expression of MM cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MM-EVs) was detected by RNA sequencing. MM-EVs impaired osteogenesis and exacerbated MBD were in vitro and in vivo validated by histochemical staining, qPCR and micro-CT. We additionally examined the correlation between CD138+ circulating EVs (cirEVs) count and bone lesion in de novo MM patients. Results: Here, by sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we found that MM-EVs were enriched in various molecules negatively regulating osteogenesis. We experimentally verified that MM-EVs inhibited BM-MSC osteogenesis, induced elevated expression of miR-103a-3p inhibiting osteogenesis in BM-MSCs, and increased cell viability and interleukin-6 secretion in MM cells. In a mouse model, MM-EVs that were injected into the marrow space of the left tibia led to impaired osteogenesis and exacerbated MBD and MM progression. Furthermore, the levels of CD138+ cirEVs in the peripheral blood were positively correlated with the number of MM bone lesions in MM patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MM-EVs play a pivotal role in the development of severely impaired osteoblast activity, which represents a novel biomarker for the precise diagnosis of MBD and a compelling rationale for exploring MM-EVs as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fairfield H, Falank C, Farrell M, Vary C, Boucher JM, Driscoll H, Liaw L, Rosen CJ, Reagan MR. Development of a 3D bone marrow adipose tissue model. Bone 2019; 118:77-88. [PMID: 29366838 PMCID: PMC6062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, evidence has accumulated that biochemically and spatially defined networks of extracellular matrix, cellular components, and interactions dictate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and function in a variety of tissue and diseases. Modeling in vivo systems in vitro has been undeniably necessary, but when simplified 2D conditions rather than 3D in vitro models are used, the reliability and usefulness of the data derived from these models decreases. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop and validate reliable in vitro models to reproduce specific tissue-like structures and mimic functions and responses of cells in a more realistic manner for both drug screening/disease modeling and tissue regeneration applications. In adipose biology and cancer research, these models serve as physiologically relevant 3D platforms to bridge the divide between 2D cultures and in vivo models, bringing about more reliable and translationally useful data to accelerate benchtop to bedside research. Currently, no model has been developed for bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), a novel adipose depot that has previously been overlooked as "filler tissue" but has more recently been recognized as endocrine-signaling and systemically relevant. Herein we describe the development of the first 3D, BMAT model derived from either human or mouse bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). We found that BMAT models can be stably cultured for at least 3 months in vitro, and that myeloma cells (5TGM1, OPM2 and MM1S cells) can be cultured on these for at least 2 weeks. Upon tumor cell co-culture, delipidation occurred in BMAT adipocytes, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these two important cell types in the malignant BM niche. Overall, our studies suggest that 3D BMAT represents a "healthier," more realistic tissue model that may be useful for elucidating the effects of MAT on tumor cells, and tumor cells on MAT, to identify novel therapeutic targets. In addition, proteomic characterization as well as microarray data (expression of >22,000 genes) coupled with KEGG pathway analysis and gene set expression analysis (GSEA) supported our development of less-inflammatory 3D BMAT compared to 2D culture. In sum, we developed the first 3D, tissue-engineered bone marrow adipose tissue model, which is a versatile, novel model that can be used to study numerous diseases and biological processes involved with the bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mariah Farrell
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua M Boucher
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Heather Driscoll
- Vermont Genetics Network, Department of Biology, Norwich University, 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT 05663, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04469, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Capp JP, Bataille R. Multiple Myeloma Exemplifies a Model of Cancer Based on Tissue Disruption as the Initiator Event. Front Oncol 2018; 8:355. [PMID: 30250824 PMCID: PMC6140628 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard model of multiple myeloma (MM) oncogenesis is based on the genetic instability of MM cells and presents its evolution as the emergence of clones with more and more aggressive genotypes, giving them surviving and proliferating advantage. The micro-environment has a passive role. In contrast, many works have shown that the progression of MM is also characterized by the selection of clones with extended phenotypes able to destroy bone trabeculae, suggesting a major role for early micro-environmental disruption. We present a model of MM oncogenesis in which genetic instability is the consequence of the disruption of normal interactions between plasma cells and their environment, the bone remodeling compartment. These interactions, which normally ensure the stability of the genotypes and phenotypes of normal plasma cells could be disrupted by many factors as soon as the early steps of the disease (MGUS, pre-MGUS states). Therapeutical implications of the model are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Capp
- LISBP, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, INSA Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Bataille
- Faculty of Medecine, University of Angers, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jakubikova J, Cholujova D, Hideshima T, Gronesova P, Soltysova A, Harada T, Joo J, Kong SY, Szalat RE, Richardson PG, Munshi NC, Dorfman DM, Anderson KC. A novel 3D mesenchymal stem cell model of the multiple myeloma bone marrow niche: biologic and clinical applications. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77326-77341. [PMID: 27764795 PMCID: PMC5357212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific niches within the tumor bone marrow (BM) microenvironment afford a sanctuary for multiple myeloma (MM) clones due to stromal cell-tumor cell interactions, which confer survival advantage and drug resistance. Defining the sequelae of tumor cell interactions within the MM niches on an individualized basis may provide the rationale for personalized therapies. To mimic the MM niche, we here describe a new 3D co-culture ex-vivo model in which primary MM patient BM cells are co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a hydrogel 3D system. In the 3D model, MSC with conserved phenotype (CD73+CD90+CD105+) formed compact clusters with active fibrous connections, and retained lineage differentiation capacity. Extracellular matrix molecules, integrins, and niche related molecules including N-cadherin and CXCL12 are expressed in 3D MSC model. Furthermore, activation of osteogenesis (MMP13, SPP1, ADAMTS4, and MGP genes) and osteoblastogenic differentiation was confirmed in 3D MSC model. Co-culture of patient-derived BM mononuclear cells with either autologous or allogeneic MSC in 3D model increased proliferation of MM cells, CXCR4 expression, and SP cells. We carried out immune profiling to show that distribution of immune cell subsets was similar in 3D and 2D MSC model systems. Importantly, resistance to novel agents (IMiDs, bortezomib, carfilzomib) and conventional agents (doxorubicin, dexamethasone, melphalan) was observed in 3D MSC system, reflective of clinical resistance. This 3D MSC model may therefore allow for studies of MM pathogenesis and drug resistance within the BM niche. Importantly, ongoing prospective trials are evaluating its utility to inform personalized targeted and immune therapy in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jakubikova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Danka Cholujova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Soltysova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Takeshi Harada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jungnam Joo
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Translational Epidemiology Branch, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Raphael E Szalat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Belloni D, Heltai S, Ponzoni M, Villa A, Vergani B, Pecciarini L, Marcatti M, Girlanda S, Tonon G, Ciceri F, Caligaris-Cappio F, Ferrarini M, Ferrero E. Modeling multiple myeloma-bone marrow interactions and response to drugs in a 3D surrogate microenvironment. Haematologica 2018; 103:707-716. [PMID: 29326121 PMCID: PMC5865414 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.167486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma develops primarily inside the bone marrow microenvironment, that confers pro-survival signals and drug resistance. 3D cultures that reproduce multiple myeloma-bone marrow interactions are needed to fully investigate multiple myeloma pathogenesis and response to drugs. To this purpose, we exploited the 3D Rotary Cell Culture System bioreactor technology for myeloma-bone marrow co-cultures in gelatin scaffolds. The model was validated with myeloma cell lines that, as assessed by histochemical and electron-microscopic analyses, engaged contacts with stromal cells and endothelial cells. Consistently, pro-survival signaling and also cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance were significantly higher in 3D than in 2D parallel co-cultures. The contribution of the VLA-4/VCAM1 pathway to resistance to bortezomib was modeled by the use of VCAM1 transfectants. Soluble factor-mediated drug resistance could be also demonstrated in both 2D and 3D co-cultures. The system was then successfully applied to co-cultures of primary myeloma cells-primary myeloma bone marrow stromal cells from patients and endothelial cells, allowing the development of functional myeloma-stroma interactions and MM cell long-term survival. Significantly, genomic analysis performed in a high-risk myeloma patient demonstrated that culture in bioreactor paralleled the expansion of the clone that ultimately dominated in vivo. Finally, the impact of bortezomib on myeloma cells and on specialized functions of the microenvironment could be evaluated. Our findings indicate that 3D dynamic culture of reconstructed human multiple myeloma microenvironments in bioreactor may represent a useful platform for drug testing and for studying tumor-stroma molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Belloni
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Heltai
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Magda Marcatti
- Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Caligaris-Cappio
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,AIRC, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Ferrarini
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrero
- Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Y, Wang B. PTH1R-CaSR Cross Talk: New Treatment Options for Breast Cancer Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7120979. [PMID: 30151009 PMCID: PMC6087585 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7120979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (BrCa) is currently incurable despite great improvements in treatment of primary BrCa. The incidence of skeletal metastases in advanced BrCa occurs up to 70%. Recent findings have established that the distribution of BrCa metastases to the skeleton is not a random process but due to the favorable microenvironment for tumor invasion and growth. The complex interplay among BrCa cells, stromal/osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the osseous microenvironment creates a bone-tumor vicious cycle (a feed-forward loop) that results in excessive bone destruction and progressive tumor growth. Both the type 1 PTH receptor (PTH1R) and extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) participate in the vicious cycle and influence the skeletal metastatic niche. Thus, this review focuses on how the PTH1R and CaSR signaling pathways interact and contribute to the pathogenesis of BrCa bone metastases. The effects of intermittent PTH and allosteric modulators of CaSR for the use of bone-anabolic agents and prevention of BrCa bone metastases constitute a proof of principle for therapeutic consideration. Understanding the interplay between PTH1R and CaSR signaling in the development of BrCa bone metastases could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to control both osteolysis and tumor burden in the bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Heusschen R, Muller J, Binsfeld M, Marty C, Plougonven E, Dubois S, Mahli N, Moermans K, Carmeliet G, Léonard A, Baron F, Beguin Y, Menu E, Cohen-Solal M, Caers J. SRC kinase inhibition with saracatinib limits the development of osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30712-29. [PMID: 27095574 PMCID: PMC5058712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM)-associated osteolytic bone disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in MM patients and the development of new therapeutic strategies is of great interest. The proto-oncogene SRC is an attractive target for such a strategy. In the current study, we investigated the effect of treatment with the SRC inhibitor saracatinib (AZD0530) on osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and function, and on the development of MM and its associated bone disease in the 5TGM.1 and 5T2MM murine MM models. In vitro data showed an inhibitory effect of saracatinib on osteoclast differentiation, polarization and resorptive function. In osteoblasts, collagen deposition and matrix mineralization were affected by saracatinib. MM cell proliferation and tumor burden remained unaltered following saracatinib treatment and we could not detect any synergistic effects with drugs that are part of standard care in MM. We observed a marked reduction of bone loss after treatment of MM-bearing mice with saracatinib as reflected by a restoration of trabecular bone parameters to levels observed in naive control mice. Histomorphometric analyses support that this occurs through an inhibition of bone resorption. In conclusion, these data further establish SRC inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of MM-associated osteolytic bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marilène Binsfeld
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM-UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Plougonven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEPs (Products, Environments, Processes), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dubois
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadia Mahli
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Moermans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angélique Léonard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PEPs (Products, Environments, Processes), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- INSERM-UMR-1132, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University and CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liao MH, Lin PI, Ho WP, Chan WP, Chen TL, Chen RM. Participation of GATA-3 in regulation of bone healing through transcriptional upregulation of bcl-x L expression. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e398. [PMID: 29170477 PMCID: PMC5704189 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the expression of GATA-DNA-binding protein (GATA)-3, a transcription factor, in osteoblasts and have verified its function in transducing cell survival signaling. This translational study was further designed to evaluate the roles of GATA-3 in regulating bone healing and to explore its possible mechanisms. A metaphyseal bone defect was created in the left femurs of male ICR mice. Analysis by micro-computed topography showed that the bone volume, trabecular bone number and trabecular thickness were augmented and that the trabecular pattern factor decreased. Interestingly, immunohistological analyses showed specific expression of GATA-3 in the defect area. In addition, colocalized expression of GATA-3 and alkaline phosphatase was observed at the wound site. As the fracture healed, the amounts of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated GATA-3 concurrently increased. Separately, GATA-3 mRNA was induced during bone healing, and, levels of Runx2 mRNA and protein were also increased. The results of confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation showed an association between nuclear GATA-3 and Runx2 in the area of insult. In parallel with fracture healing, Bcl-XL mRNA was significantly triggered. A bioinformatic search revealed the existence of a GATA-3-specific DNA-binding element in the promoter region of the bcl-xL gene. Analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrated transactivation activity by which GATA-3 regulated bcl-xL gene expression. Therefore, this study shows that GATA-3 participates in the healing of bone fractures via regulating bcl-xL gene expression, owing to its association with Runx2. In the clinic, GATA-3 may be used as a biomarker for diagnoses/prognoses or as a therapeutic target for bone diseases, such as bone fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsiu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-I Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Ho
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wing P Chan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The emerging role of bone marrow adipose tissue in bone health and dysfunction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1291-1301. [PMID: 29101431 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of red hematopoietic bone marrow with yellow adipocyte-rich marrow is a conserved physiological process among mammals. The extent of this conversion is influenced by a wide array of pathological and non-pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the observation that some marrow adipocyte-inducing factors seem to oppose each other, for instance obesity and caloric restriction. Intriguingly, several important molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) are distinct from the classical depots of white and brown fat tissue. This depot of fat has recently emerged as an active part of the bone marrow niche that exerts paracrine and endocrine functions thereby controlling osteogenesis and hematopoiesis. While some functions of BMAT may be beneficial for metabolic adaptation and bone homeostasis, respectively, most findings assign bone fat a detrimental role during regenerative processes, such as hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Thus, an improved understanding of the biological mechanisms leading to formation of BMAT, its molecular characteristics, and its physiological role in the bone marrow niche is warranted. Here we review the current understanding of BMAT biology and its potential implications for health and the development of pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhou D, Sun Y, Wang P, Ju S, Chen P, Li J, Fu J. Impact of connexin 43 coupling on survival and migration of multiple myeloma cells. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1335-1346. [PMID: 29181063 PMCID: PMC5701698 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.71065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gap junctions (GJs) represent the best known intercellular communication (IC) system and are membrane-spanning channels that facilitate intercellular communication by allowing small signaling molecules to pass from cell to cell. In this study, we constructed an amino terminus of human Cx43 (Cx43NT-GFP), verified the overexpression of Cx43-NT in HUVEC cells and explored the impact of gap junctions (GJs) on multiple myeloma (MM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of phosphorylated Cx43(s368) and the change of MAPK pathway associated molecules (ERK1/2, JNK, p38, NFκB) were also investigated in our cell models. Cx43 mRNA and proteins were detected in both MM cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dye transfer assays demonstrated that gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) occurring via Cx43 situated between MM and MSCs or MM and HUVECCx43NT is functional. RESULTS Our results present evidence for a channel-dependent modulator action of connexin 43 on the migratory activity of MM cells toward MSCs or HUVECCx43-N was higher than those of spontaneous migration (p < 0.05) and protection them from apoptosis in the presence of dexamethasone via cytokines secretion. In the meantime, the migration of MM cells involves an augmented response of p38 and JNK signaling pathway of carboxyl tail of the protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GJIC between MM and MSCs is one of the essential factors in tumor cell proliferation and drug sensitivity, and is implicated in MM pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Panjun Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songguang Ju
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Fu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Horowitz MC, Berry R, Holtrup B, Sebo Z, Nelson T, Fretz JA, Lindskog D, Kaplan JL, Ables G, Rodeheffer MS, Rosen CJ. Bone marrow adipocytes. Adipocyte 2017; 6:193-204. [PMID: 28872979 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1367881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes were identified in human bone marrow more than a century ago, yet until recently little has been known about their origin, development, function or interactions with other cells in the bone marrow. Little functional significance has been attributed to these cells, a paradigm that still persists today. However, we now know that marrow adipose tissue increases with age and in response to a variety of physiologic induction signals. Bone marrow adipocytes have recently been shown to influence other cell populations within the marrow and can affect whole body metabolism by the secretion of a defined set of adipokines. Recent research shows that marrow adipocytes are distinct from white, brown and beige adipocytes, indicating that the bone marrow is a distinct adipose depot. This review will highlight recent data regarding these areas and the interactions of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) with cells within and outside of the bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan Berry
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zachary Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tracy Nelson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jackie A. Fretz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dieter Lindskog
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Kaplan
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gene Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sitarski AM, Fairfield H, Falank C, Reagan MR. 3d Tissue Engineered In Vitro Models Of Cancer In Bone. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:324-336. [PMID: 29756030 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological models are necessary tools for gaining insight into underlying mechanisms governing complex pathologies such as cancer in the bone. Models range from in vitro tissue culture systems to in vivo models and can be used with corresponding epidemiological and clinical data to understand disease etiology, progression, driver mutations, and signaling pathways. In bone cancer, as with many other cancers, in vivo models are often too complex to study specific cell-cell interactions or protein roles, and 2D models are often too simple to accurately represent disease processes. Consequently, researchers have increasingly turned to 3D in vitro tissue engineered models as a useful compromise. In this review, tissue engineered 3D models of bone and cancer are described in depth and compared to 2D models. Biomaterials and cell types used are described, and future directions in the field of tissue engineered bone cancer models are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Sitarski
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA.,University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.,School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Heusschen R, Muller J, Duray E, Withofs N, Bolomsky A, Baron F, Beguin Y, Menu E, Ludwig H, Caers J. Molecular mechanisms, current management and next generation therapy in myeloma bone disease. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:14-28. [PMID: 28573897 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1323272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in MM patients and persists even in patients in remission. This bone disease is caused by an uncoupling of bone remodeling, with increased osteoclast and decreased osteoblast activity and formation, culminating in lytic bone destruction. Bisphosphonates are the current standard of care but new therapies are needed. As the molecular mechanisms controlling MM bone disease are increasingly well understood, new therapeutic targets are extensively explored in the preclinical setting and initial clinical trials with novel compounds now show promising results. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the biology of MM bone disease, summarize its current clinical management and discuss preclinical and clinical data on next generation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium
| | - Elodie Duray
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium
| | - Nadia Withofs
- b Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Arnold Bolomsky
- c Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I , Center for Oncology and Hematology, Wilhelminenspital , Vienna , Austria
| | - Frédéric Baron
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium.,d Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium.,d Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- e Department of Hematology and Immunology , Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- c Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medicine I , Center for Oncology and Hematology, Wilhelminenspital , Vienna , Austria
| | - Jo Caers
- a Laboratory of Hematology , University of Liège, GIGA-I3 , Liège , Belgium.,d Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , University and CHU of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McDonald MM, Fairfield H, Falank C, Reagan MR. Adipose, Bone, and Myeloma: Contributions from the Microenvironment. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:433-448. [PMID: 27343063 PMCID: PMC5396178 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Researchers globally are working towards finding a cure for multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive blood cancer diagnosed yearly in ~750,000 people worldwide (Podar et al. in Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 14:99-127, 2009). Although MM targets multiple organ systems, it is the devastating skeletal destruction experienced by over 90 % of patients that often most severely impacts patient morbidity, pain, and quality of life. Preventing bone disease is therefore a priority in MM treatment, and understanding how and why myeloma cells target the bone marrow (BM) is fundamental to this process. This review focuses on a key area of MM research: the contributions of the bone microenvironment to disease origins, progression, and drug resistance. We describe some of the key cell types in the BM niche: osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. We then focus on how these key cellular players are, or could be, regulating a range of disease-related processes spanning MM growth, drug resistance, and bone disease (including osteolysis, fracture, and hypercalcemia). We summarize the literature regarding MM-bone cell and MM-adipocyte relationships and subsequent phenotypic changes or adaptations in MM cells, with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of how myeloma cells grow in the skeleton to cause bone destruction. We identify avenues and therapies that intervene in these networks to stop tumor growth and/or induce bone regeneration. Overall, we aim to illustrate how novel therapeutic target molecules, proteins, and cellular mediators may offer new avenues to attack this disease while reviewing currently utilized therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McDonald
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Carolyne Falank
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Xu L, Mohammad KS, Wu H, Crean C, Poteat B, Cheng Y, Cardoso AA, Machal C, Hanenberg H, Abonour R, Kacena MA, Chirgwin J, Suvannasankha A, Srour EF. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD166 Drives Malignant Progression and Osteolytic Disease in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6901-6910. [PMID: 27634757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable once osteolytic lesions have seeded at skeletal sites, but factors mediating this deadly pathogenic advance remain poorly understood. Here, we report evidence of a major role for the cell adhesion molecule CD166, which we discovered to be highly expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary bone marrow cells from patients. CD166+ multiple myeloma cells homed more efficiently than CD166- cells to the bone marrow of engrafted immunodeficient NSG mice. CD166 silencing in multiple myeloma cells enabled longer survival, a smaller tumor burden, and less osteolytic lesions, as compared with mice bearing control cells. CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cell lines or CD138+ bone marrow cells from multiple myeloma patients compromised their ability to induce bone resorption in an ex vivo organ culture system. Furthermore, CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cells also reduced the formation of osteolytic disease in vivo after intratibial engraftment. Mechanistic investigation revealed that CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells inhibited osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow-derived osteoblast progenitors by suppressing Runx2 gene expression. Conversely, CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells promoted osteoclastogenesis by activating TRAF6-dependent signaling pathways in osteoclast progenitors. Overall, our results define CD166 as a pivotal director in multiple myeloma cell homing to the bone marrow and multiple myeloma progression, rationalizing its further study as a candidate therapeutic target for multiple myeloma treatment. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6901-10. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Colin Crean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bradley Poteat
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yinghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John Chirgwin
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Stem cells do not thrive without their niche. The bone marrow microenvironment is where hematopoietic stem cells maintain their cell state while receiving physiological input to modify their activity in response to changing physiological demands. The complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment is being unraveled and indicates that multiple different cell types contribute to the regulation of stem and progenitor cells. Further, it is becoming evident that the bone marrow represents a composite of niches with different components and different functional roles in hematopoiesis. It is now evident that alterations in specific stromal cells that comprise the bone marrow microenvironment can contribute to hematologic pathology. In this chapter, we will review the history of the niche concept, evolving information about its components and how niche dysfunction may contribute to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V W C Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - D T Scadden
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vyzoukaki R, Tsirakis G, Pappa CA, Devetzoglou M, Tzardi M, Alexandrakis MG. The Impact of Mast Cell Density on the Progression of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 168:263-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000443275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
40
|
Lemos JM, Caiado DV, Coelho R, Vinga S. Optimal and receding horizon control of tumor growth in myeloma bone disease. Biomed Signal Process Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Fairfield H, Falank C, Avery L, Reagan MR. Multiple myeloma in the marrow: pathogenesis and treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1364:32-51. [PMID: 27002787 PMCID: PMC4806534 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy resulting in osteolytic lesions and fractures. In the disease state, bone healing is limited owing to increased osteoclastic and decreased osteoblastic activity, as well as an MM-induced forward-feedback cycle where bone-embedded growth factors further enhance tumor progression as bone is resorbed. Recent work on somatic mutation in MM tumors has provided insight into cytogenetic changes associated with this disease; the initiating driver mutations causing MM are diverse because of the complexity and multitude of mutations inherent in MM tumor cells. This manuscript provides an overview of MM pathogenesis by summarizing cytogenic changes related to oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with MM, reviewing risk factors, and describing the disease progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to overt MM. It also highlights the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in the establishment and progression of MM, as well as associated MM-induced bone disease, and the relationship of the bone marrow to current and future therapeutics. This review highlights why understanding the basic biology of the healthy and diseased BMM is crucial in the quest for better treatments and work toward a cure for genetically diverse diseases such as MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michaela R Reagan
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Unprecedented advances in multiple myeloma (MM) therapy during the last 15 years are predominantly based on our increasing understanding of the pathophysiologic role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Indeed, new treatment paradigms, which incorporate thalidomide, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and proteasome inhibitors, target the tumor cell as well as its BM microenvironment. Ongoing translational research aims to understand in more detail how disordered BM-niche functions contribute to MM pathogenesis and to identify additional derived targeting agents. One of the most exciting advances in the field of MM treatment is the emergence of immune therapies including elotuzumab, daratumumab, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, Bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTes), and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. This chapter will review our knowledge on the pathophysiology of the BM microenvironment and discuss derived novel agents that hold promise to further improve outcome in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Podar
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hardouin P, Rharass T, Lucas S. Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: To Be or Not To Be a Typical Adipose Tissue? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:85. [PMID: 27445987 PMCID: PMC4928601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) emerges as a distinct fat depot whose importance has been proved in the bone-fat interaction. Indeed, it is well recognized that adipokines and free fatty acids released by adipocytes can directly or indirectly interfere with cells of bone remodeling or hematopoiesis. In pathological states, such as osteoporosis, each of adipose tissues - subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT), visceral WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and BMAT - is differently associated with bone mineral density (BMD) variations. However, compared with the other fat depots, BMAT displays striking features that makes it a substantial actor in bone alterations. BMAT quantity is well associated with BMD loss in aging, menopause, and other metabolic conditions, such as anorexia nervosa. Consequently, BMAT is sensed as a relevant marker of a compromised bone integrity. However, analyses of BMAT development in metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes) are scarce and should be, thus, more systematically addressed to better apprehend the bone modifications in that pathophysiological contexts. Moreover, bone marrow (BM) adipogenesis occurs throughout the whole life at different rates. Following an ordered spatiotemporal expansion, BMAT has turned to be a heterogeneous fat depot whose adipocytes diverge in their phenotype and their response to stimuli according to their location in bone and BM. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies point to a detrimental role of BM adipocytes (BMAs) throughout the release of paracrine factors that modulate osteoblast and/or osteoclast formation and function. However, the anatomical dissemination and the difficulties to access BMAs still hamper our understanding of the relative contribution of BMAT secretions compared with those of peripheral adipose tissues. A further characterization of the phenotype and the functional regulation of BMAs are ever more required. Based on currently available data and comparison with other fat tissues, this review addresses the originality of the BMAT with regard to its development, anatomy, metabolic properties, and response to physiological cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Hardouin
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Tareck Rharass
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Stéphanie Lucas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases PMOI, University of Littoral-Opale Coast ULCO, Boulogne sur Mer, France
- *Correspondence: Stéphanie Lucas,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Berry R, Rodeheffer MS, Rosen CJ, Horowitz MC. Adipose Tissue Residing Progenitors (Adipocyte Lineage Progenitors and Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:101-109. [PMID: 26526875 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-015-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of brown, white and beige adipocytes have been a subject of intense scientific interest in recent years due to the growing obesity epidemic in the United States and around the world. This interest has led to the identification and characterization of specific tissue resident progenitor cells that give rise to each adipocyte population in vivo. However, much still remains to be discovered about each progenitor population in terms of their "niche" within each tissue and how they are regulated at the cellular and molecular level during healthy and diseased states. While our knowledge of brown, white and beige adipose tissue is rapidly increasing, little is still known about marrow adipose tissue and its progenitor despite recent studies demonstrating possible roles for marrow adipose tissue in regulating the hematopoietic space and systemic metabolism at large. This chapter focuses on our current knowledge of brown, white, beige and marrow adipose tissue with a specific focus on the formation of each tissue from tissue resident progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Berry
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabiliation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University and the Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 375 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- The Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Mark C Horowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabiliation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| |
Collapse
|