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Elhakeem A, Frysz M, Goncalves Soares A, Bell JA, Cole TJ, Heron J, Howe LD, Sebert S, Tilling K, Timpson NJ, Lawlor DA. Evaluation and comparison of nine growth and development-based measures of pubertal timing. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:159. [PMID: 39112679 PMCID: PMC11306255 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pubertal timing is heritable, varies between individuals, and has implications for life-course health. There are many different indicators of pubertal timing, and how they relate to each other is unclear. Our aim was to quantitatively compare nine indicators of pubertal timing. METHODS We used data from questionnaires and height, weight, and bone measurements from ages 7-17 y in a population-based cohort of 4267 females and 4251 males to compare nine growth and development-based indicators of pubertal timing. We summarise age of each indicator, their phenotypic and genetic correlations, and how they relate to established genetic risk score (GRS) for puberty timing, and phenotypic childhood body composition measures. RESULTS We show that pubic hair in males (mean: 12.6 y) and breasts in females (11.5 y) are early indicators of puberty, and voice breaking (14.2 y) and menarche (12.7 y) are late indicators however, there is substantial variation between individuals in pubertal age. All indicators show evidence of positive phenotypic intercorrelations (e.g., r = 0.49: male genitalia and pubic hair ages), and positive genetic intercorrelations. An age at menarche GRS positively associates with all other pubertal age indicators (e.g., difference in female age at peak height velocity per SD higher GRS: 0.24 y, 95%CI: 0.21 to 0.26), as does an age at voice breaking GRS (e.g., difference in age at male axillary hair: 0.11 y, 0.07 to 0.15). Higher childhood fat mass and lean mass associated with earlier puberty timing. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the measurements of the timing of pubertal growth and development and illustrate value of various pubertal timing indicators in life-course research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Monika Frysz
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Goncalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim J Cole
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Lin YJ, Liang WM, Chiou JS, Chou CH, Liu TY, Yang JS, Li TM, Fong YC, Chou IC, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Tsai FJ. Genetic predisposition to bone mineral density and their health conditions in East Asians. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:929-941. [PMID: 38753886 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a condition defined by low BMD (typically < -2.5 SD), causes a higher fracture risk and leads to significant economic, social, and clinical impacts. Genome-wide studies mainly in Caucasians have found many genetic links to osteoporosis, fractures, and BMD, with limited research in East Asians (EAS). We investigated the genetic aspects of BMD in 86 716 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank and their causal links to health conditions within EAS. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted, followed by observational studies, polygenic risk score assessments, and genetic correlation analyses to identify associated health conditions linked to BMD. GWAS and gene-based GWAS studies identified 78 significant SNPs and 75 genes related to BMD, highlighting pathways like Hedgehog, WNT-mediated, and TGF-β. Our cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses for BMD and osteoporosis consistently validated their genetic correlations with BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in EAS. Higher BMD was linked to lower osteoporosis risk but increased BMI and T2D, whereas osteoporosis linked to lower BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobinA1c, and reduced T2D risk. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses revealed that a higher BMI causally increases BMD in EAS. However, no direct causal relationships were found between BMD and T2D, or between osteoporosis and either BMI or T2D. This study identified key genetic factors for bone health in Taiwan, and revealed significant health conditions in EAS, particularly highlighting the genetic interplay between bone health and metabolic traits like T2D and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-person precision medicine initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science & Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413005, Taiwan
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Li Y, Lai J, Wu W, Ling S, Dai Y, Zhong Z, Chen X, Zheng Y. Genetic Prediction of Osteoporosis by Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels and Reproductive Factors in Women: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:41-52. [PMID: 38743269 PMCID: PMC11153262 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Previous observational studies have suggested that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and reproductive factors are linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of osteoporosis (OP) in women. However, related studies are limited, and these traditional observational studies may be subject to residual confounders and reverse causation, while also lacking a more comprehensive observation of various reproductive factors. Univariate and multivariate two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to determine the causal associations of AMH levels and six reproductive factors with BMD and OP, using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q-statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify causal correlations. Age at menarche (AAM) was negatively associated with total body BMD (TB-BMD) in females aged 45-60 and over 60 years, as well as with heel bone mineral density (eBMD). Conversely, age at natural menopause (ANM) was positively associated with TB-BMD in the same age ranges and with eBMD. ANM was only causally associated with self-reported OP and showed no significant correlation with definitively diagnosed OP. Neither AMH level nor other reproductive factors were significantly associated with a genetic predisposition to BMD at any age and OP. Later AAM and earlier ANM are significantly genetically causally associated with decreased BMD but not with OP. AMH levels, length of menstrual cycle, age at first birth, age at last birth, and number of live births, in terms of genetic backgrounds, are not causally related to BMD or OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinquan Lai
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyi Ling
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqing Dai
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Shenzhen Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yuehui Zheng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Chiou JS, Lin YJ, Chang CYY, Liang WM, Liu TY, Yang JS, Chou CH, Lu HF, Chiu ML, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Chou IC, Li TM, Huang PY, Chien TS, Chen HR, Tsai FJ. Menarche-a journey into womanhood: age at menarche and health-related outcomes in East Asians. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1336-1350. [PMID: 38527428 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are there associations of age at menarche (AAM) with health-related outcomes in East Asians? SUMMARY ANSWER AAM is associated with osteoporosis, Type 2 diabetes (T2D), glaucoma, and uterine fibroids, as demonstrated through observational studies, polygenic risk scores, genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR), with additional findings indicating a causal effect of BMI and T2D on earlier AAM. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Puberty timing is linked to adult disease risk, but research predominantly focuses on European populations, with limited studies in other groups. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed an AAM genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 57 890 Han Taiwanese females and examined the association between AAM and 154 disease outcomes using the Taiwanese database. Additionally, we examined genetic correlations between AAM and 113 diseases and 67 phenotypes using Japanese GWAS summary statistics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed AAM GWAS and gene-based GWAS studies to obtain summary statistics and identify potential AAM-related genes. We applied phenotype, polygenic risk scores, and genetic correlation analyses of AAM to explore health-related outcomes, using multivariate regression and linkage disequilibrium score regression analyses. We also explored potential bidirectional causal relationships between AAM and related outcomes through univariable and multivariable MR analyses. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fifteen lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 24 distinct genes were associated with AAM in Taiwan. AAM was genetically associated with later menarche and menopause, greater height, increased osteoporosis risk, but lower BMI, and reduced risks of T2D, glaucoma, and uterine fibroids in East Asians. Bidirectional MR analyses indicated that higher BMI/T2D causally leads to earlier AAM. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our findings were specific to Han Taiwanese individuals, with genetic correlation analyses conducted in East Asians. Further research in other ethnic groups is necessary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study provides insights into the genetic architecture of AAM and its health-related outcomes in East Asians, highlighting causal links between BMI/T2D and earlier AAM, which may suggest potential prevention strategies for early puberty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU110-S-17, CMU110-S-24, CMU110-MF-49, CMU111-SR-158, CMU111-MF-105, CMU111-MF-21, CMU111-S-35, CMU112-SR-30, and CMU112-MF-101), the China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan (DMR-111-062, DMR-111-153, DMR-112-042, DMR-113-038, and DMR-113-103), and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 111-2314-B-039-063-MY3, MOST 111-2314-B-039-064-MY3, MOST 111-2410-H-039-002-MY3, and NSTC 112-2813-C-039-036-B). The funders had no influence on the data collection, analyses, or conclusions of the study. No conflict of interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Yin-Yi Chang
- Division of Minimal Invasive Endoscopy Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Yan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Shun Chien
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ren Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guo N, Zhang L, He N, Guo H, Liu J. The causal effects of age at menarche and age at menopause on sepsis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293540. [PMID: 38324609 PMCID: PMC10849219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether the age at menarche (AAM) and the age at menopause (ANM) are causally related to the development of sepsis. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for both the exposure and outcome variables. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibited significant associations with AAM and ANM were chosen as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effects on sepsis. Our study employed a variety of methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, inverse variance weighting, a simple model, and a weighted model. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the primary indicators for assessing causality. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses to explore the presence of genetic heterogeneity and validate the robustness of the tools employed. RESULT Our analysis revealed a significant negative causal relationship between AAM and the risk of sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.870, 95% CI = 0.793-0.955, P = 0.003). However, our Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis did not yield sufficient evidence to support a causal link between ANM and sepsis (IVW: OR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.971-1.004, P = 0.129). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that an earlier AAM may be associated with an increased risk of sepsis. However, we did not find sufficient evidence to support a causal relationship between ANM and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- The Fist Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The Fist Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Nannan He
- The Fist Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Fist Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital/Gansu Provincial General Hospital, Lan Zhou, Gansu Province, China
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Li J, Ma C, Huang H, Liao H. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1305040. [PMID: 38161591 PMCID: PMC10757610 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1305040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A few observational studies revealed that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was tightly connected with osteoporosis. However, the results of previous studies were inconsistent, and the causal effect of ALS on osteoporosis has not been investigated. To do so, the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to estimate the causality. Methods The instrumental variables (IVs) for ALS were selected from one GWAS summary dataset (27,205 ALS cases and 110,881 controls), and bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), and forearm, extracted from another large-scale GWAS summary database (53,236 cases), were used as phenotypes for osteoporosis. Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were conducted to evaluate the causality. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to explore heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results A total of 10 qualified SNPs were finally selected as proxies for ALS. The results of random effects from IVW revealed that ALS has no causal effect on FN-BMD (beta: -0.038, 95% CI: -0.090 to 0.015, SE: 0.027, p = 0.158), LS-BMD (beta: -0.015, 95% CI: -0.076 to 0.046, SE: 0.031, p = 0.629), and forearm BMD (beta: 0.044, 95% CI: -0.063 to 0.152, SE: 0.055, p = 0.418). These results were confirmed using the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Contrary to previous observational studies, our study figured out that no causal effect existed between ALS and osteoporosis. The disparity in results is probably attributed to secondary effects such as physical inactivity and muscle atrophy caused by ALS.
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Kang J, Zhao S, Wu X, Wang C, Jiang Z, Wang S. The association of lipid metabolism with bone metabolism and the role of human traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1271942. [PMID: 38125793 PMCID: PMC10731031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1271942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of lipid metabolism on bone metabolism remains controversial, and the extent to which human traits mediate the effects of lipid metabolism on bone metabolism remains unclear. Objective This study utilized mendelian randomization to investigate the effects of blood lipids on bone mineral density (BMD) at various skeletal sites and examined the mediating role of human traits in this process. Methods We leveraged genetic data from large-scale genome-wide association studies on blood lipids (n=1,320,016), forearm bone mineral density (FA-BMD) (n=10,805), lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) (n=44,731), and femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) (n=49,988) to infer causal relationships between lipid and bone metabolism. The coefficient product method was employed to calculate the indirect effects of human traits and the proportion of mediating effects. Results The results showed that a 1 standard deviation(SD) increase in HDL-C, LDL-C and TC was associated with a decrease in LS-BMD of 0.039 g/cm2, 0.045 g/cm2 and 0.054 g/cm2, respectively. The proportion of mediating effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on HDL-C to LS-BMD was 3.17%, but suppression effects occurred in the causal relationship of LDL-C and TC to LS-BMD. Additionally, the proportion of mediating effects of hand grip strength (HGS) on the TC to LS-BMD pathway were 6.90% and 4.60% for the left and right hands, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, a negative causal relationship was established between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism. Our results indicated that SBP and HGS served as mediators for the effects of lipid metabolism on bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuangli Zhao
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Hospital of Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xize Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Can Wang
- Clinical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zongkun Jiang
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Hospital of Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Second Hospital of Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Long G, Liu C, Liang T, Zhang Z, Qin Z, Zhan X. Predictors of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:574. [PMID: 37543616 PMCID: PMC10404374 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects more than 200 million women worldwide, with postmenopausal women being particularly susceptible to this condition and its severe sequelae disproportionately, such as osteoporotic fractures. To date, the current focus has been more on symptomatic treatment, rather than preventive measures. To address this, we performed a meta-analysis aiming to identify potential predictors of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, with the ultimate goal of identifying high-risk patients and exploring potential therapeutic approaches. We searched Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane with search terms (postmenopausal AND fracture) AND ("risk factor" OR "predictive factor") in May 2022 for cohort and case-control studies on the predictors of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Ten studies with 1,287,021 postmenopausal women were found eligible for analyses, in which the sample size ranged from 311 to 1,272,115. The surveyed date spanned from 1993 to 2021. Our results suggested that age, BMI, senior high school and above, parity ≥ 3, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of alcohol intake, age at menarche ≥ 15, age at menopause < 40, age at menopause > 50, estrogen use and vitamin D supplements were significantly associated with osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Our findings facilitate the early prediction of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women and may contribute to potential therapeutic approaches. By focusing on preventive strategies and identifying high-risk individuals, we can work toward reducing the burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Long
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Chong Liu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi China
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Diaz-Thomas AM, Golden SH, Dabelea DM, Grimberg A, Magge SN, Safer JD, Shumer DE, Stanford FC. Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1533-1584. [PMID: 37191578 PMCID: PMC10653187 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine care of pediatric and adult patients continues to be plagued by health and health care disparities that are perpetuated by the basic structures of our health systems and research modalities, as well as policies that impact access to care and social determinants of health. This scientific statement expands the Society's 2012 statement by focusing on endocrine disease disparities in the pediatric population and sexual and gender minority populations. These include pediatric and adult lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) persons. The writing group focused on highly prevalent conditions-growth disorders, puberty, metabolic bone disease, type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and obesity. Several important findings emerged. Compared with females and non-White children, non-Hispanic White males are more likely to come to medical attention for short stature. Racially and ethnically diverse populations and males are underrepresented in studies of pubertal development and attainment of peak bone mass, with current norms based on European populations. Like adults, racial and ethnic minority youth suffer a higher burden of disease from obesity, T1D and T2D, and have less access to diabetes treatment technologies and bariatric surgery. LGBTQIA youth and adults also face discrimination and multiple barriers to endocrine care due to pathologizing sexual orientation and gender identity, lack of culturally competent care providers, and policies. Multilevel interventions to address these disparities are required. Inclusion of racial, ethnic, and LGBTQIA populations in longitudinal life course studies is needed to assess growth, puberty, and attainment of peak bone mass. Growth and development charts may need to be adapted to non-European populations. In addition, extension of these studies will be required to understand the clinical and physiologic consequences of interventions to address abnormal development in these populations. Health policies should be recrafted to remove barriers in care for children with obesity and/or diabetes and for LGBTQIA children and adults to facilitate comprehensive access to care, therapeutics, and technological advances. Public health interventions encompassing collection of accurate demographic and social needs data, including the intersection of social determinants of health with health outcomes, and enactment of population health level interventions will be essential tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Diaz-Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sherita Hill Golden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dana M Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joshua D Safer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Daniel E Shumer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Szmidt MK, Granda D, Madej D, Sicinska E, Kaluza J. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Women and Reproductive Health across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:2131. [PMID: 37432245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been previously proven to have various health-related benefits; however, its effect on women's reproductive health over a lifespan is yet to be summarized. This study aimed to summarize the evidence-based knowledge regarding the association between the MD and selected reproductive health outcomes. By searching PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, as well as reference lists, 21 studies were included in this narrative review. The available evidence was very limited; however, there is some suggestion that higher adherence to the MD may be positively associated with a lower risk of early age menarche (1 study) and shorter menstrual cycles (1 study), but is unrelated to dysmenorrhea (1 study). Moreover, no study to date has examined the relationship between the MD and the onset age of natural menopause. Considering reproductive health diseases, there was limited evidence that a higher adherence to the MD was associated with a lower risk of premenstrual syndrome (1 study), an improvement in sexual health and a lower prevalence of sexual dysfunction (3 studies), and an improvement in the general condition of with endometriosis and the pain they can experience (1 study). The largest number of studies were found for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS; 7 studies) and infertility (6 studies). Results showed that a higher adherence to the MD was associated with a lower risk of infertility, while results for PCOS were unclear, but mostly indicated a beneficial trend. Further investigations are necessary to establish the role of adherence to the MD in reproductive health maintenance and its possible role in the prevention and treatment of reproductive health diseases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karolina Szmidt
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Granda
- Department of Nutrition Physiology and Dietetics, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Trylogii 2/16, 01-982 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Madej
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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Pan C, Li C, Cheng S, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu L, Meng P, Yang X, Cheng B, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. The Effect of Secondary Sexual Characteristics Outset Time Abnormality on Addiction in Adults: a Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
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Yang Y, Wang S, Cong H. Association between age at menarche and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 36650576 PMCID: PMC9843934 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at menarche (AAM) directly affects female estrogen levels, which play a vital role in bone metabolism. The exact relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and AAM remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between AAM and lumbar spine (LS) BMD in postmenopausal women. METHODS Our data were based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. AAM was divided into three categories including ≤ 12, 13-15, and ≥ 16 years, and the ≤ 12 years old category was used as the reference group. To examine the association between AAM and LS BMD, we used three weighted linear regression models, Model 1 (without adjustment), Model 2 (with adjustment for age, race, and body mass index [BMI]), and Model 3 (with adjustment for all covariates). RESULTS This study included 1195 postmenopausal women aged 40-59 years. In the unadjusted model, a menarche age of ≥ 16 years compared with a menarche age of ≤ 12 years was associated with lower LS BMD (β = - 0.083, 95% CI - 0.117, - 0.048, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, there was still a negative correlation in model 2 (β = - 0.078, 95% CI - 0.113, - 0.042, P < 0.001) and model 3 (β = - 0.065, 95% CI - 0.096, - 0.033, P < 0.001). Moreover, this significant relationship persisted after excluding participants who used female hormones (β = - 0.053, 95% CI - 0.089, - 0.016, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our study found that postmenopausal women with a menarche age of ≥ 16 years had significantly lower LS BMD than that had by those with a menarche age of ≤ 12 years. As a result of this study, postmenopausal women with a late menarche age may have a higher risk of lumbar osteoporotic fractures and need better bone health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Yang
- grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Hui Cong
- grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001 China ,grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 China
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Su Y, Hu Y, Xu Y, Yang M, Wu F, Peng Y. Genetic causal relationship between age at menarche and benign oesophageal neoplasia identified by a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1113765. [PMID: 37025412 PMCID: PMC10071044 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The occurrence and development of oesophageal neoplasia (ON) is closely related to hormone changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationships between age at menarche (AAMA) or age at menopause (AAMO) and benign oesophageal neoplasia (BON) or malignant oesophageal neoplasia (MON) from a genetic perspective. METHODS Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of exposures (AAMA and AAMO) and outcomes (BON and MON) were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study between them. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used as the main analysis method, while the MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were supplementary methods. The maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) were validation methods. We used Cochran's Q statistic and Rucker's Q statistic to detect heterogeneity. The intercept test of the MR Egger and global test of MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used to detect horizontal pleiotropy, and the distortion test of the MR-PRESSO analysis was used to detect outliers. The leave-one-out analysis was used to detect whether the MR analysis was affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition, the MR robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method was used to assess the robustness of MR analysis. RESULTS The random-effects IVW results showed that AAMA had a negative genetic causal relationship with BON (odds ratio [OR] = 0.285 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.130-0.623], P = 0.002). The weighted median, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) were consistent with random-effects IVW (P < 0.05). The MR Egger, simple mode and weighted mode results showed that AAMA had no genetic causal relationship with BON (P > 0.05). However, there were no causal genetic relationships between AAMA and MON (OR = 1.132 [95%CI: 0.621-2.063], P = 0.685), AAMO and BON (OR = 0.989 [95%CI: 0.755-1.296], P = 0.935), or AAMO and MON (OR = 1.129 [95%CI: 0.938-1.359], P = 0.200). The MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and IVW (fixed effects) were consistent with a random-effects IVW (P > 0.05). MR analysis results showed no heterogeneity, the horizontal pleiotropy and outliers (P > 0.05). They were not driven by a single SNP, and were normally distributed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Only AAMA has a negative genetic causal relationship with BON, and no genetic causal relationships exist between AAMA and MON, AAMO and BON, or AAMO and MON. However, it cannot be ruled out that they are related at other levels besides genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhui Peng, ; Fangcai Wu, ; Mingyi Yang,
| | - Fangcai Wu
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhui Peng, ; Fangcai Wu, ; Mingyi Yang,
| | - Yuhui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhui Peng, ; Fangcai Wu, ; Mingyi Yang,
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Lu L, Wan B, Sun M. Mendelian randomization identifies age at menarche as an independent causal effect factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:248-260. [PMID: 36106372 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between age at menarche (AAM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk is still inconclusive. This Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to assess systematically the causal relationship between AAM and GDM risk in human beings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AAM, oestradiol levels, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and bioavailable testosterone (BioT) levels were screened via the genome-wide association study enrolling individuals of European descent. Summary-level data for GDM (123 579 individuals) were extracted from the UK Biobank. An inverse-variance-weighted method was used for the primary MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were examined via MR-Egger regression, heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy tests and leave-one-out tests. The directionality that exposure causes the outcome was verified using the MR-Steiger test. RESULTS Genetically predicted early AAM was found to have a causal positive association with a higher risk of GDM (odds ratio = 0.798, 95% confidence interval = 0.649-0.980, p = .031). In the multivariable MR analysis adjusted for oestradiol, SHBG and BioT levels, the causal association between AAM and GDM risk remained (odds ratio = 0.651, 95% confidence interval = 0.481-0.881, p = .006). A 1-SD increase in SHBG or BioT levels was significantly associated with a 41.4% decrease or 20.8% increase in the overall GDM risk (p = 3.71E-05 and .040), respectively. However, after controlling for AAM, oestradiol levels and BioT levels by multivariable MR analysis, there was no direct causal effect of SHBG levels on GDM risk (p = .084). Similarly, after adjusting for AAM, oestradiol levels and SHBG levels by multivariable MR analysis, there was no direct causal effect of BioT levels on the risk of GDM (p = .533). In addition, no direct causal association was identified between oestradiol levels and GDM risk in univariable MR analysis or multivariable MR analysis. CONCLUSION Genetic variants predisposing individuals to early AAM were independently associated with higher GDM risk. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying this putative causative association. In addition, AAM may be helpful in clinical practice to identify women at risk for GDM; pregnant women who are young for menarche may need to take precautions before GDM develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Centre, Haikou, China
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
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Ross J, Bowden MR, Yu C, Diaz-Thomas A. Transition of young adults with metabolic bone diseases to adult care. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137976. [PMID: 37008909 PMCID: PMC10064010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As more accurate diagnostic tools and targeted therapies become increasingly available for pediatric metabolic bone diseases, affected children have a better prognosis and significantly longer lifespan. With this potential for fulfilling lives as adults comes the need for dedicated transition and intentional care of these patients as adults. Much work has gone into improving the transitions of medically fragile children into adulthood, encompassing endocrinologic conditions like type 1 diabetes mellitus and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, there are gaps in the literature regarding similar guidance concerning metabolic bone conditions. This article intends to provide a brief review of research and guidelines for transitions of care more generally, followed by a more detailed treatment of bone disorders specifically. Considerations for such transitions include final adult height, fertility, fetal risk, heritability, and access to appropriately identified specialists. A nutrient-dense diet, optimal mobility, and adequate vitamin D stores are protective factors for these conditions. Primary bone disorders include hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Metabolic bone disease can also develop secondarily as a sequela of such diverse exposures as hypogonadism, a history of eating disorder, and cancer treatment. This article synthesizes research by experts of these specific disorders to describe what is known in this field of transition medicine for metabolic bone diseases as well as unanswered questions. The long-term objective is to develop and implement strategies for successful transitions for all patients affected by these various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ross
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jordan Ross,
| | - Michelle R. Bowden
- Division of General Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Endocrinology Division, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alicia Diaz-Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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Farahmand M, Rahmati M, Azizi F, Behboudi Gandevani S, Ramezani Tehrani F. The Impact of Endogenous Estrogen Exposure Duration on Fracture Incidence: a Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3321-e3329. [PMID: 35512228 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although it is well documented that estrogen hormone is positively associated with bone mineral density and lower risk of fracture, there are limited studies on the association between duration of endogenous estrogen exposure (EEE) and fracture, especially by longitudinal design. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between EEE with fracture incidence by longitudinal design in a community-based study. METHODS A total of 5269 eligible postmenarcheal women, including 2411 premenopausal and 2858 menopausal women, were recruited from among the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment of potential confounders was performed to assess the relationship between duration of EEE and incident of any hospitalized fractures. RESULTS A total of 26.7% (1409/5269) women were menopausal at the baseline, and 2858 of the remaining participants reached menopause at the end of follow-up. Results of the unadjusted model demonstrated that the EEE z-score was negatively associated with fracture incidence [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.96] in postmenarchal women, indicating that per 1-SD increase of EEE z-score, the hazard of fracture reduced by 19%. Results remained statistically unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.86). CONCLUSION The findings of this cohort study suggest that a longer duration of EEE has a protective effect on fracture incidence; a point that needs to be considered in fracture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Scannell Bryan M, Ogundiran T, Ojengbede O, Zheng W, Blot W, Domcheck S, Hennis A, Nemesure B, Ambs S, Olopade OI, Huo D. Associations between age of menarche and genetic variation in women of African descent: genome-wide association study and polygenic score analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2022; 76:411-417. [PMID: 34706928 PMCID: PMC9011920 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-216000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many diseases of adulthood are associated with a woman's age at menarche. Genetic variation affects age at menarche, but it remains unclear whether in women of African ancestry the timing of menarche is regulated by genetic variants that were identified in predominantly European and East Asian populations. METHODS We explored the genetic architecture of age at menarche in 3145 women of African ancestry who live in the USA, Barbados and Nigeria. We undertook a genome-wide association study, and evaluated the performance of previously identified variants. RESULTS One variant was associated with age at menarche, a deletion at chromosome 2 (chr2:207216165) (p=1.14×10-8). 349 genotyped variants overlapped with these identified in populations of non-African ancestry; these replicated weakly, with 51.9% having concordant directions of effect. However, collectively, a polygenic score constructed of those previous variants was suggestively associated with age at menarche (beta=0.288 years; p=0.041). Further, this association was strong in women enrolled in the USA and Barbados (beta=0.445 years, p=0.008), but not in Nigerian women (beta=0.052 years; p=0.83). DISCUSSION This study suggests that in women of African ancestry the genetic drivers of age at menarche may differ from those identified in populations of non-African ancestry, and that these differences are more pronounced in women living in Nigeria, although some associated trait loci may be shared across populations. This highlights the need for well-powered ancestry-specific genetic studies to fully characterise the genetic influences of age at menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Scannell Bryan
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Temidayo Ogundiran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan Domcheck
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anselm Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventative Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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García-Rojas MD, Palma-Cordero G, Martínez-Ramírez CO, Ponce de León-Suárez V, Valdés-Flores M, Castro-Hernández C, Rubio-Lightbourn J, Hernández-Zamora E, Reyes-Maldonado E, Velázquez-Cruz R, Barredo-Prieto B, Casas-Avila L. Association of Polymorphisms in Estrogen Receptor Genes ( ESR1 and ESR2) with Osteoporosis and Fracture-Involvement of Comorbidities and Epistasis. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:437-446. [PMID: 35285722 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ESR1/ESR2 genes play a role in osteoporosis (OP). Our objective was to determine associations of polymorphisms in ESR genes with OP and fracture, SNP-SNP interactions, and involvement of comorbidities. We analyzed 170 Mexican osteoporotic women (FNOP), 173 with hip fracture (HFx), and 210 controls. The SNPs, ESR1 rs2234693CC, rs851982CC and rs1999805AA, were associated with reduced OP risk (odds ratios [ORs] = 0.35, 0.40 and 0.32, respectively; p < 0.05); rs2234693CC was associated with reduced fracture risk (OR = 0.24; p < 0.05). The obese/overweight carriers of rs9340799GG had a lower OP (OR = 0.15, p = 0.016) and fracture (OR = 0.12, p = 0.0057) risk. The rs9479055AA and rs3020404AA hypertensive carriers had a higher OP risk (OR = 5.96, p = 0.032; and OR = 5.29, p = 0.02, respectively). In addition, rs3020404AA had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 4.90, p = 0.045). The rs2228480GG hypertensive carriers had a higher risk of fracture (OR = 6.22, p = 0.0038). We found a synergic relation between the ESR1 rs3020331 and rs1999805 in femoral neck OP and HFx. The rs2234693 (PvuII) and rs9340799 (XbaI) polymorphisms are associated with a high risk forming a haplotype. The epistasis analysis suggests the contribution of both genes (ESR1/ESR2) to the risk of OP and fracture. Epistasis and involvement of obesity and hypertension lead to a significant modification of the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grecia Palma-Cordero
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Margarita Valdés-Flores
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Julieta Rubio-Lightbourn
- Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Hernández-Zamora
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca Barredo-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leonora Casas-Avila
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Ciudad de México, México
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19
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Heuch I, Heuch I, Hagen K, Storheim K, Zwart JA. Does the risk of chronic low back pain depend on age at menarche or menopause? A population-based cross-sectional and cohort study: the Trøndelag Health Study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055118. [PMID: 35210341 PMCID: PMC8883263 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In most population-based studies of low back pain (LBP), women have a higher risk than men, possibly reflecting hormonal influences. The aim of this study was to explore associations between age at menarche and menopause and risk of chronic LBP. DESIGN Population-based cross-sectional and cohort study designs. SETTING The HUNT2 and HUNT3 medical surveys of the entire population of Nord-Trøndelag County in Norway. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence or risk of chronic LBP, defined as LBP persisting at least 3 months continuously during last year. PARTICIPANTS Associations between age at menarche and prevalence of chronic LBP were examined in cross-sectional data from HUNT2, comprising 27 697 women aged 20-69 years, with 7300 women reporting LBP. The corresponding cohort data included 11 659 women without LBP at baseline in HUNT2, with 2353 women reporting LBP at follow-up 11 years later in HUNT3. Cross-sectional data on age at menopause or premenopausal status included 11 332 women aged 40-69 years, with 3439 women reporting chronic LBP. Corresponding cohort data included 7893 women without LBP at baseline, of whom 1100 developed LBP. METHODS Associations between age at menarche or menopause and risk of chronic LBP were examined by generalised linear modelling. RESULTS A U-shaped association was indicated between age at menarche and risk of chronic LBP, both in the cross-sectional and cohort studies. Age at menarche ≤11 years was associated with an increased risk of chronic LBP, with a relative risk of 1.32 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.52), compared with age 14 years at menarche, after relevant adjustments. Corresponding cross-sectional crude absolute risks were 32% and 25%, respectively. No association was established between age at menopause and risk of LBP. Being premenopausal had no influence on risk. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to results for age at menopause, the association with age at menarche suggests that hormonal factors affect the risk of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Heuch
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Heuch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Research Unit Central Norway, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Identification of PDXDC1 as a novel pleiotropic susceptibility locus shared between lumbar spine bone mineral density and birth weight. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:723-734. [PMID: 35314877 PMCID: PMC9110509 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of epidemiological studies have suggested that birth weight (BW) may be a determinant of bone health later in life, although the underlying genetic mechanism remains unclear. Here, we applied a pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) approach to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and BW, aiming to identify novel susceptibility variants shared between these two traits. We detected 5 novel potential pleiotropic loci which are located at or near 7 different genes (NTAN1, PDXDC1, CACNA1G, JAG1, FAT1P1, CCDC170, ESR1), among which PDXDC1 and FAT1P1 have not previously been linked to these phenotypes. To partially validate the findings, we demonstrated that the expression of PDXDC1 was dramatically reduced in ovariectomized (OVX) mice in comparison with sham-operated (SHAM) mice in both the growth plate and trabecula bone. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assay with serial sections showed that both osteoclasts and osteoblasts express PDXDC1, supporting its potential role in bone metabolism. In conclusion, our study provides insights into some shared genetic mechanisms for BMD and BW as well as a novel potential therapeutic target for the prevention of OP in the early stages of the disease development. KEY MESSAGES : We investigated pleiotropy-informed enrichment between LS BMD and BW. We identified genetic variants related to both LS BMD and BW by utilizing a cFDR approach. PDXDC1 is a novel pleiotropic gene which may be related to both LS BMD and BW. Elevated expression of PDXDC1 is related to higher BMD and lower ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA indicating a bone protective effect of PDXDC1.
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21
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DAI Q, FU C, JIANG W, CHEN L, WAN T, XU Y, XU N, GUO H. Influencing factors of mental and bone health status of older women. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.48821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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22
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Ghatan S, Costantini A, Li R, De Bruin C, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Winter EM, Oei L, Medina-Gomez C. The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Paediatric Fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:481-493. [PMID: 33945105 PMCID: PMC8551106 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fractures are frequently encountered in paediatric practice. Although recurrent fractures in children usually unveil a monogenic syndrome, paediatric fracture risk could be shaped by the individual genetic background influencing the acquisition of bone mineral density, and therefore, the skeletal fragility as shown in adults. Here, we examine paediatric fractures from the perspective of monogenic and complex trait genetics. RECENT FINDINGS Large-scale genome-wide studies in children have identified ~44 genetic loci associated with fracture or bone traits whereas ~35 monogenic diseases characterized by paediatric fractures have been described. Genetic variation can predispose to paediatric fractures through monogenic risk variants with a large effect and polygenic risk involving many variants of small effects. Studying genetic factors influencing peak bone attainment might help in identifying individuals at higher risk of developing early-onset osteoporosis and discovering drug targets to be used as bone restorative pharmacotherapies to prevent, or even reverse, bone loss later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghatan
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Li
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C De Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E M Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Oei
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Translational Skeletal Genomics Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Ee-571, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Yu XH, Wei YY, Zeng P, Lei SF. Birth weight is positively associated with adult osteoporosis risk: observational and Mendelian randomization studies. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1469-1480. [PMID: 34105796 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between birth weight and osteoporosis was inconsistent in previous observational studies. Therefore, we performed a systematic evaluation to determine the inconsistent relationship and further make causal inference based on the UK Biobank datasets (~500,000 individuals) and individual/summary-level genetic datasets. Observational analyses found consistent negative associations either between birth weight and estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) or between genetic risk score (GRS) of birth weight and eBMD in total subjects, and sex-stratified subgroups. Mediation analyses detected significant mediation effects of adult weight and height on associations between birth weight and eBMD. Birth weight was causally associated not only with three BMD phenotypes (eBMD, total body [TB]-BMD, and femoral neck [FN]-BMD) under two effect models (total and fetal effect), but also with the risk of fracture using different Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Multivariable MR analyses detected the pleiotropic effects of some environmental factors (e.g., gestational duration, head circumference, hip circumference) on the associations between birth weight and BMD/fracture. Three BMD phenotypes (eBMD, TB-BMD, and FN-BMD) have significant mediation effects on the associations between birth weight and fracture by using a novel mediation MR analysis under the multivariable MR framework. This multistage systematic study found consistent causal associations between birth weight and osteoporosis risk, fetal origin of genetic effects underlying the associations, and several mediation factors on the detected associations. The results enhanced our understanding of the effects of fetal original phenotypes on outcomes in late adulthood and provided helpful clues for early prevention research on osteoporosis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hao Yu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Yue Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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24
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Ning H, Du Y, Zhao LJ, Tian Q, Feng H, Deng HW. The mediating effect of skeletal muscle index on the relationship between menarcheal age and bone mineral density in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity. Menopause 2021; 28:1143-1149. [PMID: 34313616 PMCID: PMC8514157 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the contribution of skeletal mass index (SMI) as a mediator in the relationship between menarcheal age and hip/spine bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women by race/ethnicity. METHODS The data of 4,329 participants (age ≥ 18; mean age=35.7 ± 9.5) of Whites (n = 2,543), African Americans (n = 1,236), and Asians (n = 550) enrolled from October 2011 to January 2019 from the Louisiana Osteoporosis Study were analyzed. After adjustment for physiological and behavioral factors, multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate each component of the proposed mediation models, and mediation was verified by the bootstrapping resampling approach. RESULTS Premenopausal women with early menarcheal age tended to have higher SMI and BMD than women with normal menarcheal age among all races/ethnicities included. Women with late menarcheal age were, however, more likely to have a lower SMI than their counterparts with normal menarcheal age (r = -0.212, 95% CI = [-0.321 to -0.103] for White women; r = -0.181, 95% CI = [-0.410 to -0.008] for African-American women; r = -0.174, 95% CI = [-0.343 to -0.006] for Asian women). Similar results were found for both spine and hip BMD. SMI fully mediated the difference in BMD due to different menarcheal ages among Whites, African Americans, and Asian women with early menarcheal age; however, no mediating effects were observed for Asian women with late menarcheal age. CONCLUSIONS SMI, as a full mediator, affected the relationship between menarcheal age and BMD among premenopausal women, and the mediating effects varied by race/ethnicity. To prevent or slow down the loss of hip/spine BMD and the development of osteoporosis, measures aiming at minimizing the risk for muscle mass loss should be recommended, especially for White and African-American women with late menarcheal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Du
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Lan-Juan Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Qing Tian
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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25
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Jiang H, Robinson DL, Nankervis A, Garland SM, Callegari ET, Price S, Lee PVS, Wark JD. Bone Measures by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Young Women With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:259-267. [PMID: 32586681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding bone fragility in young adult females with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is of great clinical importance since the high fracture risk in this population remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate bone health in young adult T1DM females by comparing relevant variables determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the tibia and pQCT-based finite element analysis (pQCT-FEA) between T1DM subjects (n = 21) and age-, height- and weight-matched controls (n = 63). Tibial trabecular density (lower by 7.1%; 228.8 ± 33.6 vs 246.4 ± 31.8 mg/cm3, p = 0.02) and cortical thickness (lower by 7.3%; 3.8 ± 0.5 vs 4.1 ± 0.5 cm, p = 0.03) by pQCT were significantly lower in T1DM subjects than in controls. Tibial shear stiffness by pQCT-FEA was also lower in T1DM subjects than in controls at both the 4% site (by 17.1%; 337.4 ± 75.5 vs 407.1 ± 75.4 kN/mm, p < 0.01) and 66% site (by 7.9%; 1113.0 ± 158.6 vs 1208.8 ± 161.8 kN/mm, p = 0.03). These differences remained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding factors. No difference between groups was observed in DXA-determined variables (all p ≥ 0.08), although there was a trend towards lower aBMD at the lumbar spine in T1DM subjects than in controls after adjustment for confounders (p = 0.053). These novel findings elicited using pQCT and pQCT-FEA suggest a clinically significant impact of T1DM on bone strength in young adult females with T1DM. Peripheral QCT and pQCT-FEA may provide more information than DXA alone on bone fragility in this population. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are warranted to understand the evolution and causes of bone fragility in young T1DM females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Nankervis
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Diabetes Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Infection & Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma T Callegari
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Price
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Yoo JE, Shin DW, Han K, Kim D, Yoon JW, Lee DY. Association of Female Reproductive Factors With Incidence of Fracture Among Postmenopausal Women in Korea. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2030405. [PMID: 33404618 PMCID: PMC7788464 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although estrogen level is positively associated with bone mineral density, there are limited data on the risk of fractures after menopause. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether female reproductive factors are associated with fractures among postmenopausal women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database on 1 272 115 postmenopausal women without previous fracture who underwent both cardiovascular and breast and/or cervical cancer screening from January 1 to December 31, 2009. Outcome data were obtained through December 31, 2018. EXPOSURES Information was obtained about reproductive factors (age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, breastfeeding, and exogenous hormone use) by self-administered questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence of any fractures and site-specific fractures (vertebral, hip, and others). RESULTS Among the 1 272 115 participants, mean (SD) age was 61.0 (8.1) years. Compared with earlier age at menarche (≤12 years), later age at menarche (≥17 years) was associated with a higher risk of any fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17-1.31) and vertebral fracture (aHR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28-1.58). Compared with earlier age at menopause (<40 years), later age at menopause (≥55 years) was associated with a lower risk of any fracture (aHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.86-0.93), vertebral fracture (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81), and hip fracture (aHR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-1.00). Longer reproductive span (≥40 years) was associated with lower risk of fractures compared with shorter reproductive span (<30 years) (any fracture: aHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84-0.88; vertebral fracture: aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.71-0.76; and hip fracture: aHR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). Parous women had a lower risk of any fracture than nulliparous women (aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99). Although breastfeeding for 12 months or longer was associated with a higher risk of any fractures (aHR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08) and vertebral fractures (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.17-1.27), it was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture (aHR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93). Hormone therapy for 5 years or longer was associated with lower risk of any factures (aHR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83-0.88), while use of oral contraceptives for 1 year or longer was associated with a higher risk of any fractures (aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that female reproductive factors are independent risk factors for fracture, with a higher risk associated with shorter lifetime endogenous estrogen exposure. Interventions to reduce fracture risk may be needed for women at high risk, including those without osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yoo
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Medical Statistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Wu X, Lin X, Li Q, Wang Z, Zhang N, Tian M, Wang X, Deng H, Tan H. Identification of novel SNPs associated with coronary artery disease and birth weight using a pleiotropic cFDR method. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:3618-3644. [PMID: 33411684 PMCID: PMC7906162 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Clinical and epidemiological findings indicate an association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and low birth weight (BW). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to identify novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CAD, BW, and their shared pleiotropic loci, and to detect the potential causal relationship between CAD and BW. Methods: We first applied a genetic pleiotropic conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) method to two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of CAD and BW to estimate the pleiotropic enrichment between them. Then, bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to clarify the causal association between these two traits. Results: By incorporating related traits into a conditional analysis framework, we observed the significant pleiotropic enrichment between CAD and BW. By applying the cFDR level of 0.05, 109 variants were detected for CAD, 203 for BW, and 26 pleiotropic variants for both traits. We identified 11 CAD- and/or BW-associated SNPs that showed more than three of the metabolic quantitative trait loci (metaQTL), protein QTL (pQTL), methylation QTL (meQTL), or expression QTL (eQTL) effects. The pleiotropic SNP rs10774625, located at ATXN2, showed metaQTL, pQTL, meQTL, and eQTL effects simultaneously. Using the bi-directional MR approach, we found a negative association from BW to CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.80, p = 1.57× 10-6). Conclusion: We identified several pleiotropic loci between CAD and BW by leveraging GWAS results of related phenotypes and identified a potential causal relationship from BW to CAD. Our findings provide novel insights into the shared biological mechanisms and overlapping genetic heritability between CAD and BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qi Li
- Xiangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hongwen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.,Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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28
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Wang Y, Wang H, Chen P. Higher Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Are Causally Associated With Lower Bone Mineral Density of Heel and Femoral Neck: Evidence From Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Public Health 2020; 8:467. [PMID: 32984251 PMCID: PMC7492544 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous observational studies have indicated that high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphoric hormone that inhibits calcitriol synthesis, in the blood is associated with the reduced bone mineral density (BMD); however, whether this association is causal remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a Mendelian Random (MR) study to investigate whether the genetic predisposition of higher FGF23 levels was causally associated with lower BMD in adults. Methods: A two-sample MR was performed with five single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with FGF23, selected as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR estimates were derived from summary-level data of large-sample genome-wide association studies for BMD and the levels of bone metabolism characteristics. Results: The two-sample MR analysis showed that for every 1-unit increase in the log-transformed blood FGF23 level (pg/mL), the decreased levels of adult heel BMD (β = −0.201, se = 0.084, P = 0.016) and femoral neck BMD (β = −0.286, se = 0.126, P = 0.022) were noted, indicative of a causal relationship based on the inverse variance weighting method. However, FGF23 levels were not correlated with adult lumbar spine BMD (β = −0.166, se = 0.193, P = 0.389), and forearm BMD (β = −0.186, se = 0.366, P = 0.610). Moreover, the two-sample MR analysis suggested that there was no evidence for associations between FGF23 and adult calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D, creatinine, and magnesium levels. Conclusions: This study suggests that there may be a causal relationship between blood FGF23 levels and BMD of the heel and femoral neck in adults; however, more investigations are necessary to determine whether FGF23 may be a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target for diseases that affect bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Macdonald HM, Maan EJ, Berger C, Dunn RA, Côté HCF, Murray MCM, Pick N, Prior JC. Deficits in bone strength, density and microarchitecture in women living with HIV: A cross-sectional HR-pQCT study. Bone 2020; 138:115509. [PMID: 32599222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), life expectancy has increased among persons living with HIV, but so too has risk for comorbidities including osteoporosis and fragility fracture. To explore whether HIV status and cART influence three-dimensional measures of BMD, bone microarchitecture and strength we aimed to compare these outcomes between women living with HIV (WLWH; n = 50; 50.4 ± 1.2 years, 44% postmenopausal) and without HIV (controls; n = 50; 51.8 ± 1.2 years, 52% postmenopausal). METHODS Outcomes were lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck areal BMD by DXA; distal radius and tibia trabecular BMD, thickness and number, and cortical BMD and area by HR-pQCT; and finite element analysis-derived bone strength (failure load). Multivariable regression analysis compared bone outcomes between groups adjusting for known osteoporosis risk factors. Within WLWH, we examined associations between bone outcomes and HIV-related factors including disease severity and cART duration. RESULTS WLWH were diagnosed 20 ± 4 years ago, were on cART for 123 ± 37 months and 80% had HIV plasma viral load <40 copies/mL. For women ≥50 years (n = 61), total hip aBMD T-Score was lower among WLWH than controls. Adjusted distal radius trabecular BMD and thickness and distal tibia trabecular BMD and failure load were 8-19% lower in WLWH than controls (p < 0.05). Cortical BMD and area did not differ between groups at either site. Lifetime cART duration and current plasma viral load were not associated with bone outcomes in WLWH; however, previous treatment with tenofovir was negatively associated with distal radius trabecular BMD and trabecular number and LS aBMD T-score. CONCLUSIONS WLWH have compromised BMD, bone microarchitecture and strength vs. controls of similar age and reproductive status. Treatment with tenofovir may contribute to bone deficits in WLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Macdonald
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 5950 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, 2735 Laurel St, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Evelyn J Maan
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 0A7, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, H214-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Claudie Berger
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 2155 Guy Street, Suite 500, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada.
| | - Rachel A Dunn
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Rm. G227 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 4302-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hélène C F Côté
- Women's Health Research Institute, H214-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Rm. G227 - 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 4302-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Melanie C M Murray
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 0A7, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, H214-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, 328C, Heather Pavilion East, VGH, 2733 Heather Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada.
| | - Neora Pick
- Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 0A7, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, H214-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, 328C, Heather Pavilion East, VGH, 2733 Heather Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada.
| | - Jerilynn C Prior
- Women's Health Research Institute, H214-4500 Oak St, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Centre, 2775 Laurel Street, 4th Floor, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada; Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research, The Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Room 4111 - 4th Floor, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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Sun R, Zhou G, Liu L, Ren L, Xi Y, Zhu J, Huang H, Li Z, Li Y, Cheng X, Ba Y. Fluoride exposure and CALCA methylation is associated with the bone mineral density of Chinese women. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126616. [PMID: 32283421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to fluoride has been reported to affect bone mineral density (BMD). CALCA expression plays a critical part in bone formation. However, the role of CALCA in the association between fluoride and BMD is not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 722 women in rural areas of Henan Province, China, to assess the relationship between fluoride exposure, CALCA methylation, and BMD. Urinary levels of fluoride, CALCA methylation, and BMD were measured by a fluoride ion-selective electrode, standalone ultrasound bone densitometer, and quantitative methylation-specific polymerases chain reaction, respectively. The association among fluoride exposure, CALCA methylation, and BMD was age-specific. Specifically, BMD was negatively correlated with methylation (β: -0.008; 95% CI: -0.016, 0.000) and fluoride exposure (β: -0.063; 95% CI: -0.129, -0.002) in women over 45 years and 50-54 years of age, respectively, whereas methylation was positively correlated with fluoride exposure (β: 4.953; 95% CI: 1.162, 8.743) in women aged 40-44 years. Besides, increased BMD in women aged 45-49 years induced by the interactive effect of the highest methylation of CALCA exon 1 (tertile 3) and fluoride exposure was observed (P for interaction < 0.05). Our findings suggest an age-specific association between exposure to excessive fluoride, CALCA methylation, and BMD in a rural population of women in China. Notably, the susceptibility of BMD to fluoride exposure may be modified by CALCA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- Department of Endemic Disease, Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Tongxu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, Henan, 475400, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Wang J, Zhang W, Wang X, Li C, Li J, Zhao Y, Chen L, Qi X, Qiao L, Da W, Liu L, Xu C, Zhu S, Li Y, Zhang H, Sha N, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Luo J, Cui X, Liang Q, Lu S, Shi Q, Wang Y, Shu B. Urban-Rural Differences in Bone Mineral Density and its Association with Reproductive and Menstrual Factors Among Older Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:637-645. [PMID: 32179936 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of older women living in rural and urban areas, and evaluate the potential factors affecting the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS We recruited 574 women aged 65 years or older from rural areas and 496 from urban areas in Shanghai, China. The BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae and total left hip were measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometer. We also recorded information about education level, family income, medications, reproductive and menstrual history, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Women in urban areas had significantly higher BMD in their lumbar spine, and there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of women with osteoporosis in rural areas. The age at menarche was significantly higher among women living in rural areas, and there were more years from menarche to menopause among urban women. Rural women had significantly higher numbers of both pregnancies and parity, and a significantly lower age at first parity. In multiple linear regression analyses, years from menarche to menopause was independently related to high lumbar spine BMD, while age at menarche and parity was independently related to low lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION More older women in rural areas had osteoporosis. Later menarche, less years from menarche to menopause and higher parity might partially contribute to decreased BMD among women in rural areas. More attention should be paid to women in rural areas to prevent bone loss and further bone and health impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Da
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chongqing Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sen Zhu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yimian Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nannan Sha
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianxing Luo
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Magnus MC, Guyatt AL, Lawn RB, Wyss AB, Trajanoska K, Küpers LK, Rivadeneira F, Tobin MD, London SJ, Lawlor DA, Millard LAC, Fraser A. Identifying potential causal effects of age at menarche: a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study. BMC Med 2020; 18:71. [PMID: 32200763 PMCID: PMC7087394 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at menarche has been associated with various health outcomes. We aimed to identify potential causal effects of age at menarche on health-related traits in a hypothesis-free manner. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) of age at menarche with 17,893 health-related traits in UK Biobank (n = 181,318) using PHESANT. The exposure of interest was the genetic risk score for age at menarche. We conducted a second MR-pheWAS after excluding SNPs associated with BMI from the genetic risk score, to examine whether results might be due to the genetic overlap between age at menarche and BMI. We followed up a subset of health-related traits to investigate MR assumptions and seek replication in independent study populations. RESULTS Of the 17,893 tests performed in our MR-pheWAS, we identified 619 associations with the genetic risk score for age at menarche at a 5% false discovery rate threshold, of which 295 were below a Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold. These included potential effects of younger age at menarche on lower lung function, higher heel bone-mineral density, greater burden of psychosocial/mental health problems, younger age at first birth, higher risk of childhood sexual abuse, poorer cardiometabolic health, and lower physical activity. After exclusion of variants associated with BMI, the genetic risk score for age at menarche was related to 37 traits at a 5% false discovery rate, of which 29 were below a Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold. We attempted to replicate findings for bone-mineral density, lung function, neuroticism, and childhood sexual abuse using 5 independent cohorts/consortia. While estimates for lung function, higher bone-mineral density, neuroticism, and childhood sexual abuse in replication cohorts were consistent with UK Biobank estimates, confidence intervals were wide and often included the null. CONCLUSIONS The genetic risk score for age at menarche was related to a broad range of health-related traits. Follow-up analyses indicated imprecise evidence of an effect of younger age at menarche on greater bone-mineral density, lower lung function, higher neuroticism score, and greater risk of childhood sexual abuse in the smaller replication samples available; hence, these findings need further exploration when larger independent samples become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Magnus
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca B Lawn
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne K Küpers
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise A C Millard
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Identification of novel functional CpG-SNPs associated with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:607-619. [PMID: 32162118 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary artery disease (CAD), respectively. Nevertheless, these studies were generally performed for single-trait/disease and failed to assess the pleiotropic role of the identified variants. To identify novel functional loci and the pleiotropic relationship between CAD and T2D, the targeted cFDR analysis on CpG-SNPs was performed by integrating two independent large and multi-centered GWASs with summary statistics of T2D (26,676 cases and 132,532 controls) and CAD (60,801 cases and 123,504 controls). Applying the cFDR significance threshold of 0.05, we observed a pleiotropic enrichment between T2D and CAD by incorporating pleiotropic effects into a conditional analysis framework. We identified 79 novel CpG-SNPs for T2D, 61 novel CpG-SNPs for CAD, and 18 novel pleiotropic loci for both traits. Among these novel CpG-SNPs, 33 of them were annotated as methylation quantitative trait locus (meQTL) in whole blood, and ten of them showed expression QTL (eQTL), meQTL, and metabolic QTL (metaQTL) effects simultaneously. To the best of our knowledge, we performed the first targeted cFDR analysis on CpG-SNPs, and our findings provided novel insights into the shared biological mechanisms and overlapped genetic heritability between T2D and CAD.
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Cao M, Cui B. Negative Effects of Age at Menarche on Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adulthood: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5588079. [PMID: 31614369 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have demonstrated that early menarche is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but confounding factors make it difficult to infer causality. OBJECTIVE We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether age at menarche (AAM) is causally associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiometabolic traits. DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (n = 159 208) for T2D and the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) consortium (n = 184 305) for CAD. We used 122 instrumental variables (IVs) extracted from a published GWAS meta-analysis incorporating 182 416 women to determine the causal effect of AAM on cardiometabolic diseases, treating childhood and adult body mass index (BMI) as the confounders. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to detect the pleiotropy of the IVs. RESULTS Employing the MR approach, we found that later AAM was associated with decreased risk of CAD (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.96]; P = 2.06 × 10-4) in adults, as well as lower blood levels of log fasting insulin, log homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), log HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B), triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure, but higher blood level of high-density lipoprotein. However, the associations were substantially attenuated after excluding BMI-related variants. MR analyses provide little evidence on the causal effect between AAM and T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that AAM did not appear to have a causal effect on the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adult life, as their associations observed in epidemiological studies might be largely mediated through excessive adiposity. We propose adiposity might be a primary target in future intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pubertal timing and adult fracture risk in men: A population-based cohort study. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002986. [PMID: 31790400 PMCID: PMC6886748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty is a critical period for bone mass accrual, and late puberty in boys is associated with reduced bone mass in adult men. The role of variations in pubertal timing within the normal range for adult fracture risk in men is, however, unknown. We, therefore, assessed the association between age at peak height velocity (PHV), an objective measure of pubertal timing, and fracture risk in adult men. METHODS AND FINDINGS In the BMI Epidemiology Study Gothenburg, 31,971 Swedish men born between January 1, 1945, and December 31, 1961, with detailed growth data (height and weight) available from centrally archived school healthcare records and the conscription register were followed until December 31, 2016. Age at PHV was calculated according to a modified infancy-childhood-puberty model, and fracture information was retrieved from the Swedish National Patient Register. The mean ± SD age at PHV was 14.1 ± 1.1 years. In total, 5,872 men (18.4%) sustained at least 1 fracture after 20 years of age and 5,731 men (17.9%) sustained a non-vertebral fracture after 20 years of age during a mean ± SD follow-up of 37.3 ± 11.7 years. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for birth year and country of origin revealed that age at PHV was associated with the risk of any fracture and non-vertebral fracture. Participants with age at PHV in the highest tertile (after 14.5 years of age) were at greater risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.22, P < 0.001) and non-vertebral fracture (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.09-1.24, P < 0.001) compared with those with age at PHV in the lowest tertile (at 13.6 years of age or younger). Additional adjustments for birthweight, childhood BMI, adult educational level, and young adult height did not attenuate the associations between age at PHV and adult fracture risk. Limitations of this study include the inability to adjust for important risk factors for fracture, inadequate power to assess the relation between pubertal timing and specific fracture types, and the limited generalizability to other populations. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that late pubertal timing was associated with increased adult fracture risk in men. These findings suggest that information on pubertal timing might aid in the identification of those men at greatest risk of fracture.
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Zheng J, Frysz M, Kemp JP, Evans DM, Davey Smith G, Tobias JH. Use of Mendelian Randomization to Examine Causal Inference in Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31824424 PMCID: PMC6882110 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have identified many risk factors for osteoporosis, however it is unclear whether these observational associations reflect true causal effects, or the effects of latent confounding or reverse causality. Mendelian randomization (MR) enables causal relationships to be evaluated, by examining the relationship between genetic susceptibility to the risk factor in question, and the disease outcome of interest. This has been facilitated by the development of two-sample MR analysis, where the exposure and outcome are measured in different studies, and by exploiting summary result statistics from large well-powered genome-wide association studies that are available for thousands of traits. Though MR has several inherent limitations, the field is rapidly evolving and at least 14 methodological extensions have been developed to overcome these. The present paper aims to discuss some of the limitations in the MR analytical framework, and how this method has been applied to the osteoporosis field, helping to reinforce conclusions about causality, and discovering potential new regulatory pathways, exemplified by our recent MR study of sclerostin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Frysz
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H. Tobias
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Chan YM, Feld A, Jonsdottir-Lewis E. Effects of the Timing of Sex-Steroid Exposure in Adolescence on Adult Health Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4578-4586. [PMID: 31194243 PMCID: PMC6736212 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Variation in pubertal timing is associated with a wide range of adult risks and outcomes, but it is unclear whether these associations are causal, and it is largely unknown whether these associations can be modified by treatment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted PubMed searches to identify Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on the influence of pubertal timing on adult health and studies on sex-steroid treatment of the following conditions associated with reduced reproductive endocrine function in adolescence: constitutional delay, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Results of MR studies suggest that earlier pubertal timing increases body mass index; increases risk for breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate cancers; elevates fasting glucose levels and blood pressure; impairs lung capacity and increases risk for asthma; leads to earlier sexual intercourse and first birth; decreases time spent in education; and increases depressive symptoms in adolescence. Later pubertal timing appears to lower bone mineral density (BMD). Although studies of constitutional delay have not shown that sex-steroid treatment alters adult height or BMD, studies of girls with Turner syndrome and boys with Klinefelter syndrome suggest that earlier initiation of sex-steroid treatment improves physical and neurocognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite having some limitations, MR studies suggest that pubertal timing causally influences many adult conditions and disease risks. Studies of Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome suggest that earlier sex-steroid exposure may have short- and long-term benefits. The mechanisms underlying these findings and the effects of trends and treatments affecting pubertal timing remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail:
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elfa Jonsdottir-Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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