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Sardar A, Bera T, Kumar Samal S, Dewangan N, Kamble M, Guha S, Tarafdar PK. C-Terminal Lipidation of SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide Reinstates Superior Membrane Fusion Catalytic Ability. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203034. [PMID: 36422064 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediates a critical stage in infection, the fusion between viral and host membranes. The protein is categorized as a class I viral fusion protein and has two distinct cleavage sites that can be activated by proteases. The activation deploys the fusion peptide (FP) for insertion into the target cell membranes. Recent studies including our experiments showed that the FP was unable to modulate the kinetics of fusion at a low peptide-to-lipid ratio akin to the spike density at the viral surface. Therefore, we modified the C terminus of FP and attached a myristoyl chain (C-myr-FP) to restrict the C terminus near to the interface, bridge both membranes, and increase the effective local concentration. The lipidated FP (C-myr-FP) of SARS-CoV-2 greatly accelerates membrane fusion at a low peptide-to-lipid ratio as compared to the FP with no lipidation. Biophysical experiments suggest that C-myr-FP adopts a helical structure, perturbs the membrane interface, and increases water penetration to catalyze fusion. Scrambled peptide (C-myr-sFP) and truncated peptide (C-myr-8FP) could not significantly catalyze the fusion, thus suggesting the important role of myristoylation and the N terminus. C-myr-FP enhances murine coronavirus infection by promoting syncytia formation in L2 cells. The C-terminal lipidation of the FP might be a useful strategy to induce artificial fusion in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Samal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Nikesh Dewangan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Mithila Kamble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, 741246, Mohanpur, India
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2
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Khvotchev M, Soloviev M. SNARE Modulators and SNARE Mimetic Peptides. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121779. [PMID: 36551207 PMCID: PMC9776023 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins play a central role in most forms of intracellular membrane trafficking, a key process that allows for membrane and biocargo shuffling between multiple compartments within the cell and extracellular environment. The structural organization of SNARE proteins is relatively simple, with several intrinsically disordered and folded elements (e.g., SNARE motif, N-terminal domain, transmembrane region) that interact with other SNAREs, SNARE-regulating proteins and biological membranes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of functional peptides that can modify SNARE-binding interfaces and modulate SNARE function. The ability of the relatively short SNARE motif to assemble spontaneously into stable coiled coil tetrahelical bundles has inspired the development of reduced SNARE-mimetic systems that use peptides for biological membrane fusion and for making large supramolecular protein complexes. We evaluate two such systems, based on peptide-nucleic acids (PNAs) and coiled coil peptides. We also review how the self-assembly of SNARE motifs can be exploited to drive on-demand assembly of complex re-engineered polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Khvotchev
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (M.S.)
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3
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Wang S, Ma C. Neuronal SNARE complex assembly guided by Munc18-1 and Munc13-1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1939-1957. [PMID: 35278279 PMCID: PMC9623535 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release by Ca2+ -triggered synaptic vesicle exocytosis is essential for information transmission in the nervous system. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin-2 form the SNARE complex to bring synaptic vesicles and the plasma membranes together and to catalyze membrane fusion. Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 regulate synaptic vesicle priming via orchestrating neuronal SNARE complex assembly. In this review, we summarize recent advances toward the functions and molecular mechanisms of Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 in guiding neuronal SNARE complex assembly, and discuss the functional similarities and differences between Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 in neurons and their homologs in other intracellular membrane trafficking systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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4
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Cheng D, Li H, Hu S, Zhao T. Structural effects of zinc on phosphatidylserine-containing lipid membranes: kinetic analysis of membrane reorganization. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc induces reorganization of phosphatidylserine-containing lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hewen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shipeng Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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5
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Sardar A, Dewangan N, Panda B, Bhowmick D, Tarafdar PK. Lipid and Lipidation in Membrane Fusion. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:691-703. [PMID: 36102950 PMCID: PMC9472184 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion plays a lead role in the transport of vesicles, neurotransmission, mitochondrial dynamics, and viral infection. There are fusion proteins that catalyze and regulate the fusion. Interestingly, various types of fusion proteins are present in nature and they possess diverse mechanisms of action. We have highlighted the importance of the functional domains of intracellular heterotypic fusion, homotypic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), homotypic mitochondrial, and type-I viral fusion. During intracellular heterotypic fusion, the SNAREs and four-helix bundle formation are prevalent. Type-I viral fusion is controlled by the membrane destabilizing properties of fusion peptide and six-helix bundle formation. The ER/mitochondrial homotypic fusion is controlled by GTPase activity and the membrane destabilization properties of the amphipathic helix(s). Although the mechanism of action of these fusion proteins is diverse, they have some similarities. In all cases, the lipid composition of the membrane greatly affects membrane fusion. Next, examples of lipidation of the fusion proteins were discussed. We suggest that the fatty acyl hydrophobic tail not only acts as an anchor but may also modulate the energetics of membrane fusion intermediates. Lipidation is also important to design more effective peptide-based fusion inhibitors. Together, we have shown that membrane lipid composition and lipidation are important to modulate membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sardar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Nikesh Dewangan
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bishvanwesha Panda
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Debosmita Bhowmick
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Pradip K. Tarafdar
- grid.417960.d0000 0004 0614 7855Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246 India
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6
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Mandal R, Mahanty K, Mandal S, De Sarkar S, Tarafdar PK. Membrane transport inspired hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11088-11091. [PMID: 34617097 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A positively charged micelle loaded with substrates was transported selectively to the reaction site (cathode) to promote the proximity and localization of the reactants (ester and hydroxide). The guided vehicular delivery coupled with electrolysis allows the hydrolysis of non-activated esters at near physiological pH with significant yields along with recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Kingshuk Mahanty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Subhendu Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
| | - Pradip K Tarafdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, PIN-741246, India.
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7
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Yang Y, Margam NN. Structural Insights into Membrane Fusion Mediated by Convergent Small Fusogens. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010160. [PMID: 33467484 PMCID: PMC7830690 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From lifeless viral particles to complex multicellular organisms, membrane fusion is inarguably the important fundamental biological phenomena. Sitting at the heart of membrane fusion are protein mediators known as fusogens. Despite the extensive functional and structural characterization of these proteins in recent years, scientists are still grappling with the fundamental mechanisms underlying membrane fusion. From an evolutionary perspective, fusogens follow divergent evolutionary principles in that they are functionally independent and do not share any sequence identity; however, they possess structural similarity, raising the possibility that membrane fusion is mediated by essential motifs ubiquitous to all. In this review, we particularly emphasize structural characteristics of small-molecular-weight fusogens in the hope of uncovering the most fundamental aspects mediating membrane–membrane interactions. By identifying and elucidating fusion-dependent functional domains, this review paves the way for future research exploring novel fusogens in health and disease.
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8
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Rathore SS, Liu Y, Yu H, Wan C, Lee M, Yin Q, Stowell MHB, Shen J. Intracellular Vesicle Fusion Requires a Membrane-Destabilizing Peptide Located at the Juxtamembrane Region of the v-SNARE. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4583-4592.e3. [PMID: 31875562 PMCID: PMC6990648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular vesicle fusion is mediated by soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. It is generally accepted that membrane fusion occurs when the vesicle and target membranes are brought into close proximity by SNAREs and SM proteins. In this work, we demonstrate that, for fusion to occur, membrane bilayers must be destabilized by a conserved membrane-embedded motif located at the juxtamembrane region of the vesicle-anchored v-SNARE. Comprised of basic and hydrophobic residues, the juxtamembrane motif perturbs the lipid bilayer structure and promotes SNARE-SM-mediated membrane fusion. The juxtamembrane motif can be functionally substituted with an unrelated membrane-disrupting peptide in the membrane fusion reaction. These findings establish the juxtamembrane motif of the v-SNARE as a membrane-destabilizing peptide. Requirement of membrane-destabilizing peptides is likely a common feature of biological membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra S Rathore
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - MyeongSeon Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael H B Stowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jingshi Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 347 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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9
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Deák F, Anderson RE, Fessler JL, Sherry DM. Novel Cellular Functions of Very Long Chain-Fatty Acids: Insight From ELOVL4 Mutations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:428. [PMID: 31616255 PMCID: PMC6763723 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation of Very Long chain fatty acids-4 (ELOVL4) protein is a member of the ELOVL family of fatty acid elongases that is collectively responsible for catalyzing formation of long chain fatty acids. ELOVL4 is the only family member that catalyzes production of Very Long Chain Saturated Fatty Acids (VLC-SFA) and Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (VLC-PUFA) with chain lengths ≥28 carbons. ELOVL4 and its VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA products are emerging as important regulators of synaptic signaling and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). Distinct sets of mutations in ELOVL4 cause three different neurological diseases in humans. Heterozygous inheritance of one set of autosomal dominant ELOVL4 mutations that leads to truncation of the ELOVL4 protein causes Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3), an aggressive juvenile-onset retinal degeneration. Heterozygous inheritance of a different set of autosomal dominant ELOVL4 mutations that leads to a full-length protein with single amino acid substitutions causes spinocerebellar ataxia 34 (SCA34), a late-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by gait ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. Homozygous inheritance of a different set of ELOVL4 mutations causes a more severe disease with infantile onset characterized by seizures, spasticity, intellectual disability, ichthyosis, and premature death. ELOVL4 is expressed widely in the CNS and is found primarily in neurons. ELOVL4 is expressed in cell-specific patterns within different regions of the CNS that are likely to be related to disease symptoms. In the retina, ELOVL4 is expressed exclusively in photoreceptors and produces VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and enriched in the light sensitive membrane disks of the photoreceptor outer segments. VLC-PUFA are enzymatically converted into "elovanoid" compounds that appear to provide paracrine signals that promote photoreceptor and neuronal survival. In the brain, the main ELOVL4 products are VLC-SFA that are incorporated into sphingolipids and enriched in synaptic vesicles, where they regulate kinetics of presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Understanding the function of ELOVL4 and its VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA products will advance our understanding of basic mechanisms in neural signaling and has potential for developing novel therapies for seizure and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Deák
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L Fessler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David M Sherry
- Oklahoma Center for Neurosciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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10
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Fezoua-Boubegtiten Z, Hastoy B, Scotti P, Milochau A, Bathany K, Desbat B, Castano S, Oda R, Lang J. The transmembrane domain of the SNARE protein VAMP2 is highly sensitive to its lipid environment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:670-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Wang S, Li Y, Gong J, Ye S, Yang X, Zhang R, Ma C. Munc18 and Munc13 serve as a functional template to orchestrate neuronal SNARE complex assembly. Nat Commun 2019; 10:69. [PMID: 30622273 PMCID: PMC6325239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition of the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex to the SNARE complex, a key step involved in exocytosis, is regulated by Munc13-1, SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin-2, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we identify an interaction between Munc13-1 and the membrane-proximal linker region of synaptobrevin-2, and reveal its essential role in transition and exocytosis. Upon this interaction, Munc13-1 not only recruits synaptobrevin-2-embedded vesicles to the target membrane but also renders the synaptobrevin-2 SNARE motif more accessible to the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex. Afterward, the entry of SNAP-25 leads to a half-zippered SNARE assembly, which eventually dissociates the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex to complete SNARE complex formation. Our data suggest that Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 together serve as a functional template to orchestrate SNARE complex assembly. Synaptic exocytosis depends on formation of the SNARE complex but its assembly mechanism is still under debate. Here, the authors identify an interaction between Munc13-1 and synaptobrevin-2 that is critical for the transition of the Munc18-1/syntaxin-1 complex to the SNARE complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Scheidt HA, Kolocaj K, Veje Kristensen J, Huster D, Langosch D. Transmembrane Helix Induces Membrane Fusion through Lipid Binding and Splay. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:3181-3186. [PMID: 29799756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of biological membranes may require splayed lipids whose tails transiently visit the headgroup region of the bilayer, a scenario suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we examined the lipid splay hypothesis experimentally by relating liposome fusion and lipid splay induced by model transmembrane domains (TMDs). Our results reveal that a conformationally flexible transmembrane helix promotes outer leaflet mixing and lipid splay more strongly than a conformationally rigid one. The lipid dependence of basal as well as of TMD-driven lipid mixing and splay suggests that the cone-shaped phosphatidylethanolamine stimulates basal fusion via enhancing lipid splay and that the negatively charged phosphatidylserine inhibits fusion via electrostatic repulsion. Phosphatidylserine also strongly differentiates basal and helix-driven fusion, which is related to its preferred interaction with the conformationally more flexible transmembrane helix. Thus, the contribution of a transmembrane helix to membrane fusion appears to depend on lipid binding, which results in lipid splay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger A Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Härtelstrasse 16-18 , 04107 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Katja Kolocaj
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere , Technische Universität München , Weihenstephaner Berg 3 , 85354 Freising , Germany
- Munich Center For Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Butenandtstrasse 5 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Julie Veje Kristensen
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere , Technische Universität München , Weihenstephaner Berg 3 , 85354 Freising , Germany
- Munich Center For Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Butenandtstrasse 5 , 81377 München , Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics , Leipzig University , Härtelstrasse 16-18 , 04107 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Dieter Langosch
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere , Technische Universität München , Weihenstephaner Berg 3 , 85354 Freising , Germany
- Munich Center For Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM) , Butenandtstrasse 5 , 81377 München , Germany
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13
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Hastoy B, Clark A, Rorsman P, Lang J. Fusion pore in exocytosis: More than an exit gate? A β-cell perspective. Cell Calcium 2017; 68:45-61. [PMID: 29129207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Secretory vesicle exocytosis is a fundamental biological event and the process by which hormones (like insulin) are released into the blood. Considerable progress has been made in understanding this precisely orchestrated sequence of events from secretory vesicle docked at the cell membrane, hemifusion, to the opening of a membrane fusion pore. The exact biophysical and physiological regulation of these events implies a close interaction between membrane proteins and lipids in a confined space and constrained geometry to ensure appropriate delivery of cargo. We consider some of the still open questions such as the nature of the initiation of the fusion pore, the structure and the role of the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor Attachment protein REceptor (SNARE) transmembrane domains and their influence on the dynamics and regulation of exocytosis. We discuss how the membrane composition and protein-lipid interactions influence the likelihood of the nascent fusion pore forming. We relate these factors to the hypothesis that fusion pore expansion could be affected in type-2 diabetes via changes in disease-related gene transcription and alterations in the circulating lipid profile. Detailed characterisation of the dynamics of the fusion pore in vitro will contribute to understanding the larger issue of insulin secretory defects in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
| | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Metabolic Research, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Goteborg, Medicinaregatan 11, S-41309 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jochen Lang
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets (CBMN), CNRS UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Allée de Geoffrey St Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France.
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14
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Han J, Pluhackova K, Böckmann RA. The Multifaceted Role of SNARE Proteins in Membrane Fusion. Front Physiol 2017; 8:5. [PMID: 28163686 PMCID: PMC5247469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a key process in all living organisms that contributes to a variety of biological processes including viral infection, cell fertilization, as well as intracellular transport, and neurotransmitter release. In particular, the various membrane-enclosed compartments in eukaryotic cells need to exchange their contents and communicate across membranes. Efficient and controllable fusion of biological membranes is known to be driven by cooperative action of SNARE proteins, which constitute the central components of the eukaryotic fusion machinery responsible for fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. During exocytosis, vesicle-associated v-SNARE (synaptobrevin) and target cell-associated t-SNAREs (syntaxin and SNAP-25) assemble into a core trans-SNARE complex. This complex plays a versatile role at various stages of exocytosis ranging from the priming to fusion pore formation and expansion, finally resulting in the release or exchange of the vesicle content. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying exocytosis triggered and catalyzed by SNARE proteins. Particular attention is given to the function of the peptidic SNARE membrane anchors and the role of SNARE-lipid interactions in fusion. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms by synaptic auxiliary proteins in SNARE-driven membrane fusion are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'an, China; Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Kristyna Pluhackova
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen, Germany
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Dhara M, Yarzagaray A, Makke M, Schindeldecker B, Schwarz Y, Shaaban A, Sharma S, Böckmann RA, Lindau M, Mohrmann R, Bruns D. v-SNARE transmembrane domains function as catalysts for vesicle fusion. eLife 2016; 5:e17571. [PMID: 27343350 PMCID: PMC4972536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle fusion is mediated by an assembly of SNARE proteins between opposing membranes, but it is unknown whether transmembrane domains (TMDs) of SNARE proteins serve mechanistic functions that go beyond passive anchoring of the force-generating SNAREpin to the fusing membranes. Here, we show that conformational flexibility of synaptobrevin-2 TMD is essential for efficient Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis and actively promotes membrane fusion as well as fusion pore expansion. Specifically, the introduction of helix-stabilizing leucine residues within the TMD region spanning the vesicle's outer leaflet strongly impairs exocytosis and decelerates fusion pore dilation. In contrast, increasing the number of helix-destabilizing, ß-branched valine or isoleucine residues within the TMD restores normal secretion but accelerates fusion pore expansion beyond the rate found for the wildtype protein. These observations provide evidence that the synaptobrevin-2 TMD catalyzes the fusion process by its structural flexibility, actively setting the pace of fusion pore expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Dhara
- Institute for Physiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Mazen Makke
- Institute for Physiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Institute for Physiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Shaaban
- Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Satyan Sharma
- Group Nanoscale Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Lindau
- Group Nanoscale Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Mohrmann
- Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Bruns
- Institute for Physiology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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