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Dobešová L, Gier T, Kopečná O, Pagáčová E, Vičar T, Bestvater F, Toufar J, Bačíková A, Kopel P, Fedr R, Hildenbrand G, Falková I, Falk M, Hausmann M. Incorporation of Low Concentrations of Gold Nanoparticles: Complex Effects on Radiation Response and Fate of Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010166. [PMID: 35057061 PMCID: PMC8781406 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In oncology research, a long-standing discussion exists about pros and cons of metal nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy and real mechanisms behind the tumor cell response to irradiation (IR) in presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). A better understanding of this response is, however, necessary to develop more efficient and safety nanoparticle (NP) types designed to disturb specific processes in tumor cells. (2) Aims and Methods: We combined 3D confocal microscopy and super-resolution single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to analyze, at the multiscale, the early and late effects of 10 nm-GNPs on DNA double strand break (DSB) induction and repair in tumor cells exposed to different doses of photonic low-LET (linear energy transfer) radiation. The results were correlated to different aspects of short and long-term cell viability. SkBr3 breast cancer cells (selected for the highest incidence of this cancer type among all cancers in women, and because most breast tumors are treated with IR) were incubated with low concentrations of GNPs and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays or 6 MV X-rays. In numerous post-irradiation (PI) times, ranging from 0.5 to 24 h PI, the cells were spatially (3D) fixed and labeled with specific antibodies against γH2AX, 53BP1 and H3K9me3. The extent of DSB induction, multi-parametric micro- and nano-morphology of γH2AX and 53BP1 repair foci, DSB repair kinetics, persistence of unrepaired DSBs, nanoscale clustering of γH2AX and nanoscale (hetero)chromatin re-organization were measured by means of the mentioned microscopy techniques in dependence of radiation dose and GNP concentration. (3) Results: The number of γH2AX/53BP1 signals increased after IR and an additional increase was observed in GNP-treated (GNP(+)) cells compared to untreated controls. However, this phenomenon reflected slight expansion of the G2-phase cell subpopulation in irradiated GNP(+) specimens instead of enhanced DNA damage induction by GNPs. This statement is further supported by some micro- and nano-morphological parameters of γH2AX/53BP1 foci, which slightly differed for cells irradiated in absence or presence of GNPs. At the nanoscale, Ripley’s distance frequency analysis of SMLM signal coordinate matrices also revealed relaxation of heterochromatin (H3K9me3) clusters upon IR. These changes were more prominent in presence of GNPs. The slight expansion of radiosensitive G2 cells correlated with mostly insignificant but systematic decrease in post-irradiation survival of GNP(+) cells. Interestingly, low GNP concentrations accelerated DSB repair kinetics; however, the numbers of persistent γH2AX/53BP1 repair foci were slightly increased in GNP(+) cells. (4) Conclusions: Low concentrations of 10-nm GNPs enhanced the G2/M cell cycle arrest and the proportion of radiosensitive G2 cells, but not the extent of DNA damage induction. GNPs also accelerated DSB repair kinetics and slightly increased presence of unrepaired γH2AX/53BP1 foci at 24 h PI. GNP-mediated cell effects correlated with slight radiosensitization of GNP(+) specimens, significant only for the highest radiation dose tested (4 Gy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Dobešová
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Theresa Gier
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (G.H.)
| | - Olga Kopečná
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Eva Pagáčová
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Tomáš Vičar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Felix Bestvater
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jiří Toufar
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Bačíková
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (G.H.)
| | - Iva Falková
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (O.K.); (E.P.); (J.T.); (A.B.); (R.F.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.H.); Tel.: +420-728-084-060 (M.F.); +49-6221-549-824 (M.H.)
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (M.H.); Tel.: +420-728-084-060 (M.F.); +49-6221-549-824 (M.H.)
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Shahsavari Alavijeh M, Rad I, Hatamie S. Magnetic nanocomposite’s mechanism of action during the hyperthermia treatment of the breast cancer. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Cunningham C, de Kock M, Engelbrecht M, Miles X, Slabbert J, Vandevoorde C. Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy. Front Public Health 2021; 9:699822. [PMID: 34395371 PMCID: PMC8358148 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage of high energy proton beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over the last decade. This is mainly due to the superior dose distribution of proton beams resulting in a reduction of side effects and a lower integral dose compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, the usage of metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy is receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended for X-ray radiotherapy, there is currently a small number of experimental studies indicating promising results for proton therapy. However, most of these studies used low proton energies, which are less applicable to clinical practice; and very small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, this proof of principle study evaluates the radiosensitization effect of larger AuNPs in combination with a 200 MeV proton beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 50 nm AuNPs for 4 hours before irradiation with a clinical proton beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization was confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, showing a random distribution of AuNPs throughout the cytoplasm of the cells and even some close localization to the nuclear membrane. The combined exposure to AuNPs and protons resulted in an increase in cell killing, which was 27.1% at 2 Gy and 43.8% at 6 Gy, compared to proton irradiation alone, illustrating the radiosensitizing potential of AuNPs. Additionally, cells were irradiated at different positions along the proton depth-dose curve to investigate the LET-dependence of AuNP radiosensitization. An increase in cytogenetic damage was observed at all depths for the combined treatment compared to protons alone, but no incremental increase with LET could be determined. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of 50 nm AuNPs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnay Cunningham
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maryna de Kock
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Engelbrecht
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Xanthene Miles
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Slabbert
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sun Y, Lee S, Kang SH. Cubic spline-based depth-dependent localization of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts by three-dimensional light-sheet super-resolution microscopy. Analyst 2021; 146:4781-4788. [PMID: 34231561 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The contact distance between mitochondria (Mito) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has received considerable attention owing to their crucial function in maintaining lipid and calcium homeostasis. Herein, cubic spline algorithm-based depth-dependent fluorescence-free three-dimensional light-sheet super-resolution microscopy (3D LSRM) with dual-wavelength illumination sources was investigated to study the distance of Mito-ER contacts in various live cells. To detect wavelength-dependent scattering, 12 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as fluorescence-free nanoprobes were conjugated with Mito and ER. The cubic spline algorithm-based method showed improved localization precision in lateral and axial directions compared with that for previously used least squares and least cubic algorithms. The cubic spline-based depth-dependent localization was applied to the spatial localization of nanoprobes in super-resolution images, in which the average distance of Mito and ER was 22.4 nm in HeLa cells, 22.2 nm in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, 21.9 nm in AGS cells, 21.4 nm in HT29 cells, and 21.3 nm in HEK293 cells. The distances were ∼12% larger than those previously determined by electron microscopy, which demonstrated that this method was accessible and reliable for studying the intracellular structures of various live cells at the subdiffraction limit resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea and Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Howell RW. Advancements in the use of Auger electrons in science and medicine during the period 2015-2019. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 99:2-27. [PMID: 33021416 PMCID: PMC8062591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1831706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auger electrons can be highly radiotoxic when they are used to irradiate specific molecular sites. This has spurred basic science investigations of their radiobiological effects and clinical investigations of their potential for therapy. Focused symposia on the biophysical aspects of Auger processes have been held quadrennially. This 9th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes at Oxford University brought together scientists from many different fields to review past findings, discuss the latest studies, and plot the future work to be done. This review article examines the research in this field that was published during the years 2015-2019 which corresponds to the period since the last meeting in Japan. In addition, this article points to future work yet to be done. There have been a plethora of advancements in our understanding of Auger processes. These advancements range from basic atomic and molecular physics to new ways to implement Auger electron emitters in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The highly localized doses of radiation that are deposited within a 10 nm of the decay site make them precision tools for discovery across the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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6
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Valente KP, Suleman A, Brolo AG. Exploring Diffusion and Cellular Uptake: Charged Gold Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Breast Cancer Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6992-7002. [PMID: 35019358 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have emerged as a prominent tool in nanomedicine, particularly for applications in cancer diagnostic and treatment. One of the challenges for the successful implementation of gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy is their delivery to the specific cancer area within the tumor microenvironment. The presence of cancer enables a poorly organized vascularization system, increasing the pressure with the microenvironment, limiting the uptake of particles. The physicochemical properties of the gold nanoparticles (size, shape, and surface charge) also have a significant effect on diffusion to the tumor site and cellular uptake. In this work, we analyzed the transport of 10 nm gold nanoparticles with different surface charges (neutral, negative, and positive) through a hydrogel composite. Three-dimensional in vitro models composed of breast cancer cells loaded in the hydrogel composite were used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles. Surprisingly, an inverse correlation between the diffusion coefficients of the nanoparticles and cellular uptake was demonstrated. Positively charged gold nanoparticles displayed high cellular uptake, although their diffusion coefficient indicated slow transport through the hydrogel matrix. Neutral particles, on the other hand, displayed fast diffusion but the lowest cellular uptake. The results obtained indicate that nanoparticle diffusion and cellular uptake should be studied together in realistic in vitro models for a true evaluation of transport in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina P Valente
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Afzal Suleman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexandre G Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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7
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Rudek B, McNamara A, Ramos-Méndez J, Byrne H, Kuncic Z, Schuemann J. Radio-enhancement by gold nanoparticles and their impact on water radiolysis for x-ray, proton and carbon-ion beams. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:175005. [PMID: 31295730 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) radio-enhancement is a promising technique to increase the dose deposition in a tumor while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. Previous experimental studies showed effects on cell survival and tumor control for keV x-rays but surprisingly also for MV-photons, proton and carbon-ion beams. In a systematic study, we use the Monte Carlo simulation tool TOPAS-nBio to model the GNP radio-enhancement within a cell as a function of GNP concentration, size and clustering for a wide range of energies for photons, protons and, for the first time, carbon-ions. Moreover, we include water radiolysis, which has been recognized as a major pathway of GNP mediated radio-enhancement. At a GNP concentration of 0.5% and a GNP diameter of 10 nm, the dose enhancement ratio was highest for 50 keV x-rays (1.36) and decreased in the orthovoltage (1.04 at 250 keV) and megavoltage range (1.01 at 1 MeV). The dose enhancement linearly increased with GNP concentration and decreased with GNP size and degree of clustering for all radiation modalities. While the highest physical dose enhancement at 5% concentrations was only 1.003 for 10 MeV protons and 1.004 for 100 MeV carbon-ions, we find the number of hydroxyl ([Formula: see text]) altered by 23% and 3% after 1 [Formula: see text]s at low, clinically-relevant concentrations. For the same concentration and proton-impact, the G-value is most sensitive to the nanoparticle size with 46 times more radical interactions at GNPs for 2 nm than for 50 nm GNP diameter within 1 [Formula: see text]s. Nanoparticle clustering was found to decrease the number of interactions at GNPs, e.g. for a cluster of 25 GNPs by a factor of 3.4. The changes in G-value correlate to the average distance between the chemical species and the GNPs. While the radiochemistry of GNP-loaded water has yet to be fully understood, this work offers a first relative quantification of radiolysis products for a broad parameter-set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, United States of America. Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, United States of America. Department of Ionizing Radiation, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Plasmonic nanostructure-based bioimaging and detection techniques at the single-cell level. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Depalo N, Fanizza E, Vischio F, Denora N, Laquintana V, Cutrignelli A, Striccoli M, Giannelli G, Agostiano A, Curri ML, Scavo MP. Imaging modification of colon carcinoma cells exposed to lipid based nanovectors for drug delivery: a scanning electron microscopy investigation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21810-21825. [PMID: 35518842 PMCID: PMC9066453 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption at cell surfaces and cell internalization of two drug delivery lipid based nanovectors has been investigated by means of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) operating at low beam voltage on two different colon carcinoma cell lines, CaCo-2 and CoLo-205, that were compared with the M14 melanoma cell line, as a reference. The cells were incubated with the investigated multifunctional nanovectors, based on liposomes and magnetic micelles loaded with 5-fluorouracil, as a chemotherapeutic agent, and a FE-SEM systematic investigation was performed, enabling a detailed imaging of any morphological changes of the drug exposed cells as a function of time. The results of the FE-SEM investigation were validated by MTS assay and immunofluorescence staining of the Ki-67 protein performed on the investigated cell lines at different times. The two nanoformulations resulted in a comparable effect on CaCo-2 and M14 cell lines, while for CoLo 205 cells, the liposomes provided an cytotoxic activity higher than that observed in the case of the micelles. The study highlighted the high potential of FE-SEM as a valuable complementary technique for imaging and monitoring in time the drug effects on the selected cells exposed to the two different nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Fabio Vischio
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze del Farmaco Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
| | - Angela Agostiano
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Physical-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Dipartimento di Chimica Via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology - Research Hospital "S. De Bellis" Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte Bari Italy
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González-Ballesteros N, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Prado-López S, Lastra M, Grimaldi M, Cavazza A, Nasi L, Salviati G, Bigi F. Macroalgae to nanoparticles: Study of Ulva lactuca L. role in biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and of their cytotoxicity on colon cancer cell lines. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:498-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pilarczyk G, Papenfuß F, Bestvater F, Hausmann M. Spatial Arrangements of Connexin43 in Cancer Related Cells and Re-Arrangements under Treatment Conditions: Investigations on the Nano-Scale by Super-Resolution Localization Light Microscopy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030301. [PMID: 30836676 PMCID: PMC6468626 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer studies suggest that the spatial localization of connexin43 (Cx43) could play an important role during tumor genesis and the formation of metastasis. Cx43 has been shown to be upregulated in cancer cells; thereby a shift from Cx43 normal localization in gap junctions in the cell membrane towards a primarily cytoplasmic localization was observed in many studies. So far neither the spatial arrangements of Cx43 in breast cancer cells nor the effects of treatment outcome (ionizing radiation and antibody therapy) on the spatial arrangements of Cx43, have been microscopically studied on the nanoscale. This has brought up the idea to study the micro- and nanoscaled spatial Cx43 arrangements in a model of breast cancer-related cell types, i.e., SkBr3 breast cancer cells, BJ fibroblasts, and primary human internal mammary artery endothelial cells (HIMAECs). The cells were treated with neuregulin1 (NRG1), trastuzumab (Herceptin), or 6MeV-photon irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy. NRG1 stimulates further NRG1 release in the tumor endothelium that may lead to an enhanced tumor protective effect whereas Herceptin, used in antibody treatment, works in an antagonistic fashion to NRG1. After fluorescent labelling with specific antibodies, the molecular positions of Cx43 in the perinuclear cytosol and in the cell periphery at the membrane were determined for the three treatment related applications (NRG1, trastuzumab, 4 Gy irradiation) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). These techniques enable investigations of Cx43 enrichment and topological arrangements of Cx43 molecules from the micro-scale of a whole cell to the nano-scale of single molecules. In SkBr3 cells with and without radiation treatment high density accumulations were detected which seem to be diluted after NRG1 and trastuzumab treatment although the SMLM distance frequency distributions did not significantly vary. In BJ fibroblasts and HIMAECs differences between periphery and perinuclear cytosol were observed after the different treatment processes. HIMAECs showed significant Cx43 accumulation after NRG1, trastuzumab, and radiation treatment in the perinuclear region whereas in the periphery radiation has less influence as compared to the control. BJ cells were reacting to the treatments by Cx43 accumulations in the perinuclear region but also in the periphery. In conclusion, it was shown that by using CLSM and super-resolution SMLM, treatment effects on the spatial and thus functional arrangements of Cx43 became detectable for investigations of tumor response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Pilarczyk
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of High Content Analysis of the Cell "HiCell", BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Papenfuß
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Core Facility Unit Light Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Pagáčová E, Štefančíková L, Schmidt-Kaler F, Hildenbrand G, Vičar T, Depeš D, Lee JH, Bestvater F, Lacombe S, Porcel E, Roux S, Wenz F, Kopečná O, Falková I, Hausmann M, Falk M. Challenges and Contradictions of Metal Nano-Particle Applications for Radio-Sensitivity Enhancement in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030588. [PMID: 30704035 PMCID: PMC6387067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From the very beginnings of radiotherapy, a crucial question persists with how to target the radiation effectiveness into the tumor while preserving surrounding tissues as undamaged as possible. One promising approach is to selectively pre-sensitize tumor cells by metallic nanoparticles. However, though the "physics" behind nanoparticle-mediated radio-interaction has been well elaborated, practical applications in medicine remain challenging and often disappointing because of limited knowledge on biological mechanisms leading to cell damage enhancement and eventually cell death. In the present study, we analyzed the influence of different nanoparticle materials (platinum (Pt), and gold (Au)), cancer cell types (HeLa, U87, and SKBr3), and doses (up to 4 Gy) of low-Linear Energy Transfer (LET) ionizing radiation (γ- and X-rays) on the extent, complexity and reparability of radiation-induced γH2AX + 53BP1 foci, the markers of double stand breaks (DSBs). Firstly, we sensitively compared the focus presence in nuclei during a long period of time post-irradiation (24 h) in spatially (three-dimensionally, 3D) fixed cells incubated and non-incubated with Pt nanoparticles by means of high-resolution immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. The data were compared with our preliminary results obtained for Au nanoparticles and recently published results for gadolinium (Gd) nanoparticles of approximately the same size (2⁻3 nm). Next, we introduced a novel super-resolution approach-single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM)-to study the internal structure of the repair foci. In these experiments, 10 nm Au nanoparticles were used that could be also visualized by SMLM. Altogether, the data show that different nanoparticles may or may not enhance radiation damage to DNA, so multi-parameter effects have to be considered to better interpret the radiosensitization. Based on these findings, we discussed on conclusions and contradictions related to the effectiveness and presumptive mechanisms of the cell radiosensitization by nanoparticles. We also demonstrate that SMLM offers new perspectives to study internal structures of repair foci with the goal to better evaluate potential differences in DNA damage patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pagáčová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Štefančíková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Franz Schmidt-Kaler
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Tomáš Vičar
- Brno University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technická 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Depeš
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Felix Bestvater
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Roux
- Institute UTINAM, UMR CNRS 6213-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25020 Besançon Cedex, France.
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Olga Kopečná
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Falková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Falk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Pujals S, Feiner-Gracia N, Delcanale P, Voets I, Albertazzi L. Super-resolution microscopy as a powerful tool to study complex synthetic materials. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kumar PV, Maki MAA, Wei YS, Tatt LM, Elumalai M, Cheah SC, Raghavan B, Majeed ABBA. Rabbit as an Animal Model for Pharmacokinetics Studies of Enteric Capsule Contains Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles. CURRENT CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 14:132-140. [PMID: 30457053 PMCID: PMC7011682 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666181120103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) has gained considerable attention by researchers as epithelial cells proliferating agent. Moreover, intravenous truncated rHuKGF (palifermin) has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat and prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and small intestine ulceration. The labile structure and short circulation time of rHuKGF in-vivo are the main obstacles that reduce the oral bioactivity and dosage of such proteins at the target site. OBJECTIVE Formulation of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer-coated capsules filled with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with rHuKGF for oral delivery. METHODS We report on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) with diameter < 200 nm, prepared by ionic gelation, loaded with rHuKGF and filled in methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymercoated capsules for oral delivery. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined based on the serum levels of rHuKGF, following a single intravenous (IV) or oral dosages using a rabbit model. Furthermore, fluorescent microscope imaging was conducted to investigate the cellular uptake of the rhodamine-labelled rHuKGF-loaded nanoparticles. The proliferation effect of the formulation on FHs 74 Int cells was studied as well by MTT assay. RESULTS The mucoadhesive and absorption enhancement properties of chitosan and the protective effect of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer against rHuKGF release at the stomach, low pH, were combined to promote and ensure rHuKGF intestinal delivery and increase serum levels of rHuKGF. In addition, in-vitro studies revealed the protein bioactivity since rHuKGFloaded CNPs significantly increased the proliferation of FHs 74 Int cells. CONCLUSION The study revealed that oral administration of rHuKGF-loaded CNPs in methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer-coated capsules is practically alternative to the IV administration since the absolute bioavailability of the orally administered rHuKGF-loaded CNPs, using the rabbit as animal model, was 69%. Fluorescent microscope imaging revealed that rhodaminelabelled rHuKGF-loaded CNPs were taken up by FHs 74 Int cells, after 6 hours' incubation time, followed by increase in the proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanirajan V. Kumar
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Tel: +60103782399; Fax: (+603) 9102 2614; E-mail:
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Reismann AWAF, Atanasova L, Schrangl L, Zeilinger S, Schütz GJ. Temporal Filtering to Improve Single Molecule Identification in High Background Samples. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123338. [PMID: 30562966 PMCID: PMC6321103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single molecule localization microscopy is currently revolutionizing the life sciences as it offers, for the first time, insights into the organization of biological samples below the classical diffraction limit of light microscopy. While there have been numerous examples of new biological findings reported in the last decade, the technique could not reach its full potential due to a set of limitations immanent to the samples themselves. Particularly, high background signals impede the proper performance of most single-molecule identification and localization algorithms. One option is to exploit the characteristic blinking of single molecule signals, which differs substantially from the residual brightness fluctuations of the fluorescence background. To pronounce single molecule signals, we used a temporal high-pass filtering in Fourier space on a pixel-by-pixel basis. We evaluated the performance of temporal filtering by assessing statistical parameters such as true positive rate and false discovery rate. For this, ground truth signals were generated by simulations and overlaid onto experimentally derived movies of samples with high background signals. Compared to the nonfiltered case, we found an improvement of the sensitivity by up to a factor 3.5 while no significant change in the localization accuracy was observable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Atanasova
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Lukas Schrangl
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gerhard J Schütz
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
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Functionalization of gold-nanoparticles by the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin C-terminus for tumor cell ablation using the gold nanoparticle-mediated laser perforation technique. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14963. [PMID: 30297847 PMCID: PMC6175838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant produced C-terminus of the C. perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE) was conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to produce a C-CPE-AuNP complex (C-CPE-AuNP). By binding to claudins, the C- CPE should allow to target the AuNPs onto the claudin expressing tumor cells for a subsequent cell killing by application of the gold nanoparticle-mediated laser perforation (GNOME-LP) technique. Using qPCR and immunocytochemistry, we identified the human Caco-2, MCF-7 and OE-33 as well as the canine TiHoDMglCarc1305 as tumor cells expressing claudin-3, -4 and -7. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements of Caco-2 cell monolayer showed that the recombinant C-CPE bound to the claudins. GNOME-LP at a laser fluence of 60 mJ/cm2 and a scanning speed of 0.5 cm/s specifically eliminated more than 75% of claudin expressing human and canine cells treated with C-CPE-AuNP. The same laser fluence did not affect the cells when non-functionalized AuNPs were used. Furthermore, most of the claudin non-expressing cells treated with C-CPE-AuNP were not killed by GNOME-LP. Additionally, application of C-CPE-AuNP to spheroids formed by MCF-7 and OE-33 cells grown in Matrigel reduced spheroid area. The results demonstrate that specific ablation of claudin expressing tumor cells is efficiently increased by activated C-CPE functionalized AuNPs using optical methods.
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Peter B, Lagzi I, Teraji S, Nakanishi H, Cervenak L, Zámbó D, Deák A, Molnár K, Truszka M, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Interaction of Positively Charged Gold Nanoparticles with Cancer Cells Monitored by an in Situ Label-Free Optical Biosensor and Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26841-26850. [PMID: 30022664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) can penetrate into living cells and vesicles, opening up an extensive range of novel directions. For example, NPs are intensively employed in targeted drug delivery and biomedical imaging. However, the real-time kinetics and dynamics of NP-living cell interactions remained uncovered. In this study, we in situ monitored the cellular uptake of gold NPs-functionalized with positively charged alkaline thiol-into surface-adhered cancer cells, by using a high-throughput label-free optical biosensor employing resonant waveguide gratings. The characteristic kinetic curves upon NP exposure of cell-coated biosensor surfaces were recorded and compared to the kinetics of NP adsorption onto bare sensor surfaces. We demonstrated that from the above kinetic information, one can conclude about the interactions between the living cells and the NPs. Real-time biosensor data suggested the cellular uptake of the functionalized NPs by an active process. It was found that positively charged particles penetrate into the cells more effectively than negatively charged control particles, and the optimal size for the cellular uptake of the positively charged particles is around 5 nm. These conclusions were obtained in a cost-effective, fast, and high-throughput manner. The fate of the NPs was further revealed by electron microscopy on NP-exposed and subsequently fixed cells, well confirming the results obtained by the biosensor. Moreover, an ultrastructural study demonstrated the involvement of the endosomal-lysosomal system in the uptake of functionalized NPs and suggested the type of the internalization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Istvan Lagzi
- Department of Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budafoki út 8 , Budapest H-1111 , Hungary
- MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group , Budafoki út 8 , Budapest H-1111 , Hungary
| | - Satoshi Teraji
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Laszlo Cervenak
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Medicine , Semmelweis University , H-1085 Budapest , Hungary
- Research Group of Immunology and Hematology , Hungarian Academy of Science , Kútvölgyi út 4. , H-1125 Budapest , Hungary
| | | | | | - Kinga Molnár
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology , Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Monika Truszka
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology , Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
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Localization Microscopy Analyses of MRE11 Clusters in 3D-Conserved Cell Nuclei of Different Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010025. [PMID: 29361783 PMCID: PMC5789375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In radiation biophysics, it is a subject of nowadays research to investigate DNA strand break repair in detail after damage induction by ionizing radiation. It is a subject of debate as to what makes up the cell’s decision to use a certain repair pathway and how the repair machinery recruited in repair foci is spatially and temporarily organized. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) allows super-resolution analysis by precise localization of single fluorescent molecule tags, resulting in nuclear structure analysis with a spatial resolution in the 10 nm regime. Here, we used SMLM to study MRE11 foci. MRE11 is one of three proteins involved in the MRN-complex (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex), a prominent DNA strand resection and broken end bridging component involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) and alternative non-homologous end joining (a-NHEJ). We analyzed the spatial arrangements of antibody-labelled MRE11 proteins in the nuclei of a breast cancer and a skin fibroblast cell line along a time-course of repair (up to 48 h) after irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy. Different kinetics for cluster formation and relaxation were determined. Changes in the internal nano-scaled structure of the clusters were quantified and compared between the two cell types. The results indicate a cell type-dependent DNA damage response concerning MRE11 recruitment and cluster formation. The MRE11 data were compared to H2AX phosphorylation detected by γH2AX molecule distribution. These data suggested modulations of MRE11 signal frequencies that were not directly correlated to DNA damage induction. The application of SMLM in radiation biophysics offers new possibilities to investigate spatial foci organization after DNA damaging and during subsequent repair.
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Dose enhancement effects of gold nanoparticles specifically targeting RNA in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190183. [PMID: 29346397 PMCID: PMC5773234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Localization microscopy has shown to be capable of systematic investigations on the arrangement and counting of cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles (GNP) with nanometer resolution. In this article, we show that the application of specially modified RNA targeting gold nanoparticles ("SmartFlares") can result in ring like shaped GNP arrangements around the cell nucleus. Transmission electron microscopy revealed GNP accumulation in vicinity to the intracellular membrane structures including them of the endoplasmatic reticulum. A quantification of the radio therapeutic dose enhancement as a proof of principle was conducted with γH2AX foci analysis: The application of both-SmartFlares and unmodified GNPs-lead to a significant dose enhancement with a factor of up to 1.2 times the dose deposition compared to non-treated breast cancer cells. This enhancement effect was even more pronounced for SmartFlares. Furthermore, it was shown that a magnetic field of 1 Tesla simultaneously applied during irradiation has no detectable influence on neither the structure nor the dose enhancement dealt by gold nanoparticles.
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Sierpe R, Noyong M, Simon U, Aguayo D, Huerta J, Kogan MJ, Yutronic N. Construction of 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine carriers based on βcyclodextrins and gold nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 177:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lacombe S, Porcel E, Scifoni E. Particle therapy and nanomedicine: state of art and research perspectives. Cancer Nanotechnol 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 29213338 PMCID: PMC5698390 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-017-0029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer radiation therapy with charged particle beams, called particle therapy, is a new therapeutic treatment presenting major advantages when compared to conventional radiotherapy. Because ions have specific ballistic properties and a higher biological effectiveness, they are superior to x-rays. Numerous medical centres are starting in the world using mostly protons but also carbon ions as medical beams. Several investigations are attempting to reduce the cost/benefit ratio and enlarge the range of therapeutic indications. A major limitation of particle therapy is the presence of low but significant damage induced in healthy tissues located at the entrance of the ion track prior to reaching the tumour. It is thus a major challenge to improve the targeting of the tumours, concentrating radiation effects in the malignance. A novel strategy, based on the addition of nanoparticles targeting the tumour, was suggested over a decade ago to improve the performance of conventional photon therapy. Recently, similar developments have emerged for particle therapy and the amount of research is now exploding. In this paper, we review the experimental results, as well as theoretical and simulation studies that shed light in the promising outcomes of this strategy and in the underpinning mechanisms. Several experiments provide consistent evidence of significant enhancement of ion radiation effects in the presence of nanoparticles. In view of implementing this strategy for cancer treatment, simulation studies have begun to establish the rationale and the specificity of this effect. In addition, these studies will help to outline a list of possible mechanisms and to predict the impact of ion beams and nanoparticle characteristics. Many questions remain unsolved, but the findings of these first studies are encouraging and open new challenges. After summarizing the main results in the field, we propose a roadmap to pursue future research with the aim to strengthen the potential interplay between particle therapy and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lacombe
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (UMR 8214) Bât 351, University Paris Saclay, University of Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (UMR 8214) Bât 351, University Paris Saclay, University of Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,TIFPA-INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, University of Trento, 38121 Trento, Italy
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22
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Asela I, Noyong M, Simon U, Andrades-Lagos J, Campanini-Salinas J, Vásquez-Velásquez D, Kogan M, Yutronic N, Sierpe R. Gold nanoparticles stabilized with βcyclodextrin-2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole complex: A novel system for drug transport. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185652. [PMID: 29020065 PMCID: PMC5636091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole (AT) drug and thiazole derivatives have several biological applications, these compounds present some drawbacks, such as low aqueous solubility and instability. A new complex of βCD-AT has been synthesized to increase AT solubility and has been used as a substrate for the deposit of solid-state AuNPs via magnetron sputtering, thus forming the βCD-AT-AuNPs ternary system, which is stable in solution. Complex formation has been confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. Importantly, the amine and sulfide groups of AT remained exposed and can interact with the surfaces of the AuNPs. The complex association constant (970 M-1) has been determined using phase solubility analysis. AuNPs formation (32 nm average diameter) has been studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission/scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The in vitro permeability assays show that effective permeability of AT increased using βCD. In contrast, the ternary system did not have the capacity to diffuse through the membrane. Nevertheless, the antibacterial assays have demonstrated that AT is transferred from βCD-AT-AuNPs, being available to exert its antibacterial activity. In conclusion, this novel βCD-AT-AuNPs ternary system is a promising alternative to improve the delivery of AT drugs in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Asela
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Noyong
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - U. Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J. Andrades-Lagos
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J. Campanini-Salinas
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D. Vásquez-Velásquez
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (MK); (NY); (RS)
| | - N. Yutronic
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (MK); (NY); (RS)
| | - R. Sierpe
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail: (MK); (NY); (RS)
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Photothermal enhancement of chemotherapy in breast cancer by visible irradiation of Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10872. [PMID: 28883606 PMCID: PMC5589803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photothermal Therapy (PTT) impact in cancer therapy has been increasing due to the enhanced photothermal capabilities of a new generation of nanoscale photothermal agents. Among these nanoscale agents, gold nanoshells and nanorods have demonstrated optimal properties for translation of near infra-red radiation into heat at the site of interest. However, smaller spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are easier to produce, less toxic and show improved photoconversion capability that may profit from the irradiation in the visible via standard surgical green lasers. Here we show the efficient light-to-heat conversion of spherical 14 nm AuNPs irradiated in the visible region (at the surface plasmons resonance peak) and its application to selectively obliterate cancer cells. Using breast cancer as model, we show a synergistic interaction between heat (photoconversion at 530 nm) and cytotoxic action by doxorubicin with clear advantages to those of the individual therapy approaches.
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Miles BT, Greenwood AB, Benito-Alifonso D, Tanner H, Galan MC, Verkade P, Gersen H. Direct Evidence of Lack of Colocalisation of Fluorescently Labelled Gold Labels Used in Correlative Light Electron Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44666. [PMID: 28317888 PMCID: PMC5357795 DOI: 10.1038/srep44666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescently labelled nanoparticles are routinely used in Correlative Light Electron Microscopy (CLEM) to combine the capabilities of two separate microscope platforms: fluorescent light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). The inherent assumption is that the fluorescent label observed under LM colocalises well with the electron dense nanoparticle observed in EM. Herein we show, by combining single molecule fluorescent imaging with optical detection of the scattering from single gold nanoparticles, that for a commercially produced sample of 10 nm gold nanoparticles tagged to Alexa-633 there is in fact no colocalisation between the fluorescent signatures of Alexa-633 and the scattering associated with the gold nanoparticle. This shows that the attached gold nanoparticle quenches the fluorescent signal by ~95%, or less likely that the complex has dissociated. In either scenario, the observed fluorescent signal in fact arises from a large population of untagged fluorophores; rendering these labels potentially ineffective and misleading to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Miles
- Nanophotonics and Nanophysics Group, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Alexander B. Greenwood
- Nanophotonics and Nanophysics Group, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | | | - Hugh Tanner
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Paul Verkade
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Henkjan Gersen
- Nanophotonics and Nanophysics Group, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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Falk M. Nanodiamonds and nanoparticles as tumor cell radiosensitizers-promising results but an obscure mechanism of action. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:18. [PMID: 28164103 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Altunbek M, Kuku G, Culha M. Gold Nanoparticles in Single-Cell Analysis for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Molecules 2016; 21:E1617. [PMID: 27897986 PMCID: PMC6273107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer, which often consists of a highly heterogeneous and complex population of cells, brought up the idea of analyzing single cells. The development of novel techniques to analyze single cells has been intensively studied to fully understand specific alternations inducing abnormalities in cellular function. One of the techniques used for single cell analysis is surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in which a noble metal nanoparticle is used to enhance Raman scattering. Due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly preferred as SERS substrates in single cell analysis. The intracellular uptake, localization and toxicity issues of AuNPs are the critical points for interpretation of data since the obtained SERS signals originate from molecules in close vicinity to AuNPs that are taken up by the cells. In this review, the AuNP-living cell interactions, cellular uptake and toxicity of AuNPs in relation to their physicochemical properties, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering from single cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altunbek
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Kuku
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Culha
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey.
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Ngwa W, Boateng F, Kumar R, Irvine DJ, Formenti S, Ngoma T, Herskind C, Veldwijk MR, Hildenbrand GL, Hausmann M, Wenz F, Hesser J. Smart Radiation Therapy Biomaterials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 97:624-637. [PMID: 28126309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a crucial component of cancer care, used in the treatment of over 50% of cancer patients. Patients undergoing image guided RT or brachytherapy routinely have inert RT biomaterials implanted into their tumors. The single function of these RT biomaterials is to ensure geometric accuracy during treatment. Recent studies have proposed that the inert biomaterials could be upgraded to "smart" RT biomaterials, designed to do more than 1 function. Such smart biomaterials include next-generation fiducial markers, brachytherapy spacers, and balloon applicators, designed to respond to stimuli and perform additional desirable functions like controlled delivery of therapy-enhancing payloads directly into the tumor subvolume while minimizing normal tissue toxicities. More broadly, smart RT biomaterials may include functionalized nanoparticles that can be activated to boost RT efficacy. This work reviews the rationale for smart RT biomaterials, the state of the art in this emerging cross-disciplinary research area, challenges and opportunities for further research and development, and a purview of potential clinical applications. Applications covered include using smart RT biomaterials for boosting cancer therapy with minimal side effects, combining RT with immunotherapy or chemotherapy, reducing treatment time or health care costs, and other incipient applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts.
| | - Francis Boateng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Silvia Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Twalib Ngoma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Carsten Herskind
- University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Hesser
- University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Štefančíková L, Lacombe S, Salado D, Porcel E, Pagáčová E, Tillement O, Lux F, Depeš D, Kozubek S, Falk M. Effect of gadolinium-based nanoparticles on nuclear DNA damage and repair in glioblastoma tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:63. [PMID: 27464501 PMCID: PMC4964094 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor targeting of radiotherapy represents a great challenge. The addition of multimodal nanoparticles, such as 3 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GdBNs), has been proposed as a promising strategy to amplify the effects of radiation in tumors and improve diagnostics using the same agents. This singular property named theranostic is a unique advantage of GdBNs. It has been established that the amplification of radiation effects by GdBNs appears due to fast electronic processes. However, the influence of these nanoparticles on cells is not yet understood. In particular, it remains dubious how nanoparticles activated by ionizing radiation interact with cells and their constituents. A crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radiosensitization exerted by GdBNs (and other nanoparticles). Methods We studied the effect of GdBNs on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with γ-rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSBs detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immunodetection of two independent DSBs markers. Results We show that, in the conditions where GdBNs amplify radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm, i.e. do not penetrate into the nucleus. In addition, the presence of GdBNs in the cytoplasm neither increases induction of DSBs by γ-rays in the nuclear DNA nor affects their consequent repair. Conclusions Our results suggest that the radiosensitization mediated by GdBNs is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage, a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects. Considering our earlier recognized colocalization of GdBNs with the lysosomes and endosomes, we revolutionary hypothesize here about these organelles as potential targets for (some) nanoparticles. If confirmed, this finding of cytoplasmically determined radiosensitization opens new perspectives of using nano-radioenhancers to improve radiotherapy without escalating the risk of pathologies related to genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štefančíková
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Salado
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Eva Pagáčová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Depeš
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic.
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29
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Falk M. Nanoscopy and Nanoparticles Hand-in-Hand to Fight Cancer: An Exciting Entrée into the Rising NANOworld. Biophys J 2016; 110:872-3. [PMID: 26910423 PMCID: PMC4776033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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