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Savage HS, Mulders PCR, van Eijndhoven PFP, van Oort J, Tendolkar I, Vrijsen JN, Beckmann CF, Marquand AF. Unpacking the functional heterogeneity of the Emotional Face Matching Task: a normative modelling approach. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534351. [PMID: 37034628 PMCID: PMC10081244 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging has contributed substantially to understanding brain function but is dominated by group analyses that index only a fraction of the variation in these data. It is increasingly clear that parsing the underlying heterogeneity is crucial to understand individual differences and the impact of different task manipulations. We estimate large-scale (N=7728) normative models of task-evoked activation during the Emotional Face Matching Task, which enables us to bind heterogeneous datasets to a common reference and dissect heterogeneity underlying group-level analyses. We apply this model to a heterogenous patient cohort, to map individual differences between patients with one or more mental health diagnoses relative to the reference cohort and determine multivariate associations with transdiagnostic symptom domains. For the face>shapes contrast, patients have a higher frequency of extreme deviations which are spatially heterogeneous. In contrast, normative models for faces>baseline have greater predictive value for individuals' transdiagnostic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Savage
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C. R. Mulders
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip F. P. van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van Oort
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna N. Vrijsen
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Depression Expertise Centre, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F. Beckmann
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vandewouw MM, Brian J, Crosbie J, Schachar RJ, Iaboni A, Georgiades S, Nicolson R, Kelley E, Ayub M, Jones J, Taylor MJ, Lerch JP, Anagnostou E, Kushki A. Identifying Replicable Subgroups in Neurodevelopmental Conditions Using Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e232066. [PMID: 36912839 PMCID: PMC10011941 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), have highly heterogeneous and overlapping phenotypes and neurobiology. Data-driven approaches are beginning to identify homogeneous transdiagnostic subgroups of children; however, findings have yet to be replicated in independently collected data sets, a necessity for translation into clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To identify subgroups of children with and without neurodevelopmental conditions with shared functional brain characteristics using data from 2 large, independent data sets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study used data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental (POND) network (study recruitment began June 2012 and is ongoing; data were extracted April 2021) and the Healthy Brain Network (HBN; study recruitment began May 2015 and is ongoing; data were extracted November 2020). POND and HBN data are collected from institutions across Ontario and New York, respectively. Participants who had diagnoses of ASD, ADHD, and OCD or were typically developing (TD); were aged between 5 and 19 years; and successfully completed the resting-state and anatomical neuroimaging protocol were included in the current study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The analyses consisted of a data-driven clustering procedure on measures derived from each participant's resting-state functional connectome, performed independently on each data set. Differences between each pair of leaves in the resulting clustering decision trees in the demographic and clinical characteristics were tested. RESULTS Overall, 551 children and adolescents were included from each data set. POND included 164 participants with ADHD; 217 with ASD; 60 with OCD; and 110 with TD (median [IQR] age, 11.87 [9.51-14.76] years; 393 [71.2%] male participants; 20 [3.6%] Black, 28 [5.1%] Latino, and 299 [54.2%] White participants) and HBN included 374 participants with ADHD; 66 with ASD; 11 with OCD; and 100 with TD (median [IQR] age, 11.50 [9.22-14.20] years; 390 [70.8%] male participants; 82 [14.9%] Black, 57 [10.3%] Hispanic, and 257 [46.6%] White participants). In both data sets, subgroups with similar biology that differed significantly in intelligence as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity problems were identified, yet these groups showed no consistent alignment with current diagnostic categories. For example, there was a significant difference in Strengths and Weaknesses ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Hyperactivity/Impulsivity subscale (SWAN-HI) between 2 subgroups in the POND data (C and D), with subgroup D having increased hyperactivity and impulsivity traits compared with subgroup C (median [IQR], 2.50 [0.00-7.00] vs 1.00 [0.00-5.00]; U = 1.19 × 104; P = .01; η2 = 0.02). A significant difference in SWAN-HI scores between subgroups g and d in the HBN data was also observed (median [IQR], 1.00 [0.00-4.00] vs 0.00 [0.00-2.00]; corrected P = .02). There were no differences in the proportion of each diagnosis between the subgroups in either data set. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that homogeneity in the neurobiology of neurodevelopmental conditions transcends diagnostic boundaries and is instead associated with behavioral characteristics. This work takes an important step toward translating neurobiological subgroups into clinical settings by being the first to replicate our findings in independently collected data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee M. Vandewouw
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot J. Taylor
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Marcos-Vidal L, Martínez-García M, Martín de Blas D, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Pretus C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Vilarroya Ó, Sepulcre J, Desco M, Carmona S. Local Functional Connectivity as a Parsimonious Explanation of the Main Frameworks for ADHD in Medication-Naïve Adults. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1788-1801. [PMID: 35684934 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before. Methods: We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. Results: ADHD sample showed increased local connectivity in the dACC and the SFG and decreased local connectivity in the PCC. Conclusion: Results parallel those obtained in children samples suggesting a deficient integration within the DMN and segregation between DMN, FPN, and VAN. These results are consistent with the three main frameworks that explain ADHD: the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, the DMN interference hypothesis, and multi-network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marcos-Vidal
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara Pretus
- Unitat de Reserca en Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatría i Neurociencia Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Psychiatry Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Vilarroya
- Unitat de Reserca en Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departament de Psiquiatría i Neurociencia Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Desco
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
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Marcos-Vidal L, Martínez-García M, Martín-de Blas D, Navas-Sánchez FJ, Pretus C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Richarte V, Vilarroya Ó, Sepulcre J, Desco M, Carmona S. Local Functional Connectivity as a Parsimonious Explanation of the Main Frameworks for ADHD in Medication-Naïve Adults. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1563-1575. [PMID: 35947490 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211031998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroimaging studies in children with ADHD indicate that their brain exhibits an atypical functional connectivity pattern characterized by increased local connectivity and decreased distant connectivity. We aim to evaluate if the local and distant distribution of functional connectivity is also altered in adult samples with ADHD who have never received medication before. METHODS We compared local and distant functional connectivity between 31 medication-naïve adults with ADHD and 31 healthy controls and tested whether this pattern was associated with symptoms severity scores. RESULTS ADHD sample showed increased local connectivity in the dACC and the SFG and decreased local connectivity in the PCC. CONCLUSION Results parallel those obtained in children samples suggesting a deficient integration within the DMN and segregation between DMN, FPN, and VAN. These results are consistent with the three main frameworks that explain ADHD: the neurodevelopmental delay hypothesis, the DMN interference hypothesis and multi-network models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Marcos-Vidal
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara Pretus
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Vilarroya
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Manuel Desco
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Véronneau-Veilleux F, Robaey P, Ursino M, Nekka F. A mechanistic model of ADHD as resulting from dopamine phasic/tonic imbalance during reinforcement learning. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:849323. [PMID: 35923915 PMCID: PMC9342605 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.849323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. Although the involvement of dopamine in this disorder seems to be established, the nature of dopaminergic dysfunction remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to test whether the key response characteristics of ADHD could be simulated by a mechanistic model that combines a decrease in tonic dopaminergic activity with an increase in phasic responses in cortical-striatal loops during learning reinforcement. To this end, we combined a dynamic model of dopamine with a neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia with multiple action channels. We also included a dynamic model of tonic and phasic dopamine release and control, and a learning procedure driven by tonic and phasic dopamine levels. In the model, the dopamine imbalance is the result of impaired presynaptic regulation of dopamine at the terminal level. Using this model, virtual individuals from a dopamine imbalance group and a control group were trained to associate four stimuli with four actions with fully informative reinforcement feedback. In a second phase, they were tested without feedback. Subjects in the dopamine imbalance group showed poorer performance with more variable reaction times due to the presence of fast and very slow responses, difficulty in choosing between stimuli even when they were of high intensity, and greater sensitivity to noise. Learning history was also significantly more variable in the dopamine imbalance group, explaining 75% of the variability in reaction time using quadratic regression. The response profile of the virtual subjects varied as a function of the learning history variability index to produce increasingly severe impairment, beginning with an increase in response variability alone, then accumulating a decrease in performance and finally a learning deficit. Although ADHD is certainly a heterogeneous disorder, these results suggest that typical features of ADHD can be explained by a phasic/tonic imbalance in dopaminergic activity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Véronneau-Veilleux
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Florence Véronneau-Veilleux
| | - Philippe Robaey
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mauro Ursino
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi,” University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fahima Nekka
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Applied Mathematics in Bioscience and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Is genetic risk of ADHD mediated via dopaminergic mechanism? A study of functional connectivity in ADHD and pharmacologically challenged healthy volunteers with a genetic risk profile. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:264. [PMID: 35768414 PMCID: PMC9243079 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent GWAS allow us to calculate polygenic risk scores for ADHD. At the imaging level, resting-state fMRI analyses have given us valuable insights into changes in connectivity patterns in ADHD patients. However, no study has yet attempted to combine these two different levels of investigation. For this endeavor, we used a dopaminergic challenge fMRI study (L-DOPA) in healthy participants who were genotyped for their ADHD, MDD, schizophrenia, and body height polygenic risk score (PRS) and compared results with a study comparing ADHD patients and healthy controls. Our objective was to evaluate how L-DOPA-induced changes of reward-system-related FC are dependent on the individual polygenic risk score. FMRI imaging was used to evaluate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of targeted subcortical structures in 27 ADHD patients and matched controls. In a second study, we evaluated the effect of ADHD and non-ADHD PRS in a L-DOPA-based pharmaco-fMRI-challenge in 34 healthy volunteers. The functional connectivity between the putamen and parietal lobe was decreased in ADHD patients. In healthy volunteers, the FC between putamen and parietal lobe was lower in ADHD high genetic risk participants. This direction of connectivity was reversed during L-DOPA challenge. Further findings are described for other dopaminergic subcortical structures. The FC between the putamen and the attention network showed the most consistent change in patients as well as in high-risk participants. Our results suggest that FC of the dorsal attention network is altered in adult ADHD as well as in healthy controls with higher genetic risk.
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Mazzetti C, Gonzales Damatac C, Sprooten E, ter Huurne N, Buitelaar JK, Jensen O. Dorsal-to-ventral imbalance in the superior longitudinal fasciculus mediates methylphenidate's effect on beta oscillations in ADHD. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14008. [PMID: 35165906 PMCID: PMC9287074 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While pharmacological treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line intervention for ADHD, its mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. We here seek to identify the white matter tracts that mediate MPH's effect on beta oscillations. We implemented a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, where boys diagnosed with ADHD underwent behavioral and MEG measurements during a spatial attention task while on and off MPH. The results were compared with an age/IQ-matched control group. Estimates of white matter tracts were obtained using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Via a stepwise model selection strategy, we identified the fiber tracts (regressors) significantly predicting values of the dependent variables of interest (i.e., oscillatory power, behavioral performance, and clinical symptoms): the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), the superior longitudinal fasciculus ("parietal endings") (SLFp), and superior longitudinal fasciculus ("temporal endings") (SLFt). ADHD symptoms severity was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the ATR. In addition, individuals with relatively higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt, led to stronger behavioral effects of MPH in the form of faster and more accurate responses. Furthermore, the same parietotemporal FA gradient explained the effects of MPH on beta modulation: subjects with ADHD exhibiting higher FA in SLFp compared to SLFt also displayed greater effects of MPH on beta power during response preparation. Our data suggest that the behavioral deficits and aberrant oscillatory modulations observed in ADHD depend on a possibly detrimental structural connectivity imbalance within the SLF, caused by a diffusivity gradient in favor of parietal rather than temporal, fiber tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Mazzetti
- Department of Basic NeurosciencesUniversity of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Christienne Gonzales Damatac
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels ter Huurne
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive NeuroscienceRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Frontal corticostriatal functional connectivity reveals task positive and negative network dysregulation in relation to ADHD, sex, and inhibitory control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101101. [PMID: 35338900 PMCID: PMC8956922 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontal corticostriatal circuits (FCSC) are involved in self-regulation of cognition, emotion, and motor function. While these circuits are implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the literature establishing FCSC associations with ADHD is inconsistent. This may be due to study variability in considerations of how fMRI motion regression was handled between groups, or study specific differences in age, sex, or the striatal subregions under investigation. Given the importance of these domains in ADHD it is crucial to consider the complex interactions of age, sex, striatal subregions and FCSC in ADHD presentation and diagnosis. In this large-scale study of 362 8-12 year-old children with ADHD (n = 165) and typically developing (TD; n = 197) children, we investigate associations between FCSC with ADHD diagnosis and symptoms, sex, and go/no-go (GNG) task performance. Results include: (1) increased striatal connectivity with age across striatal subregions with most of the frontal cortex, (2) increased frontal-limbic striatum connectivity among boys with ADHD only, mostly in default mode network (DMN) regions not associated with age, and (3) increased frontal-motor striatum connectivity to regions of the DMN were associated with greater parent-rated inattention problems, particularly among the ADHD group. Although diagnostic group differences were no longer significant when strictly controlling for head motion, with motion possibly reflecting the phenotypic variance of ADHD itself, the spatial distribution of all symptom, age, sex, and other ADHD group effects were nearly identical to the initial results. These results demonstrate differential associations of FCSC between striatal subregions with the DMN and FPN in relation to age, ADHD, sex, and inhibitory control.
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9
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Bruno JL, Shrestha SB, Reiss AL, Saggar M, Green T. Altered canonical and striatal-frontal resting state functional connectivity in children with pathogenic variants in the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1542-1551. [PMID: 35087195 PMCID: PMC9106817 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports the role of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors used a genetics-first approach to examine how Ras/MAPK pathogenic variants affect the functional organization of the brain and cognitive phenotypes including weaknesses in attention and inhibition. Functional MRI was used to examine resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in association with Ras/MAPK pathogenic variants in children with Noonan syndrome (NS). Participants (age 4-12 years) included 39 children with NS (mean age 8.44, SD = 2.20, 25 females) and 49 typically developing (TD) children (mean age 9.02, SD = 9.02, 33 females). Twenty-eight children in the NS group and 46 in the TD group had usable MRI data and were included in final analyses. The results indicated significant hyperconnectivity for the NS group within canonical visual, ventral attention, left frontoparietal and limbic networks (p < 0.05 FWE). Higher connectivity within canonical left frontoparietal and limbic networks positively correlated with cognitive function within the NS but not the TD group. Further, the NS group demonstrated significant group differences in seed-based striatal-frontal connectivity (Z > 2.6, p < 0.05 FWE). Hyperconnectivity within canonical brain networks may represent an intermediary phenotype between Ras/MAPK pathogenic variants and cognitive phenotypes, including weaknesses in attention and inhibition. Altered striatal-frontal connectivity corresponds with smaller striatal volume and altered white matter connectivity previously documented in children with NS. These results may indicate delayed maturation and compensatory mechanisms and they are important for understanding the pathophysiology underlying cognitive phenotypes in NS and in the broader population of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bruno
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sharon B Shrestha
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manish Saggar
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Basile GA, Bertino S, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Anastasi GP, Milardi D, Cacciola A. Striatal topographical organization: Bridging the gap between molecules, connectivity and behavior. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34643358 PMCID: PMC8524362 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum represents the major hub of the basal ganglia, receiving projections from the entire cerebral cortex and it is assumed to play a key role in a wide array of complex behavioral tasks. Despite being extensively investigated during the last decades, the topographical organization of the striatum is not well understood yet. Ongoing efforts in neuroscience are focused on analyzing striatal anatomy at different spatial scales, to understand how structure relates to function and how derangements of this organization are involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While being subdivided at the macroscale level into dorsal and ventral divisions, at a mesoscale level the striatum represents an anatomical continuum sharing the same cellular makeup. At the same time, it is now increasingly ascertained that different striatal compartments show subtle histochemical differences, and their neurons exhibit peculiar patterns of gene expression, supporting functional diversity across the whole basal ganglia circuitry. Such diversity is further supported by afferent connections which are heterogenous both anatomically, as they originate from distributed cortical areas and subcortical structures, and biochemically, as they involve a variety of neurotransmitters. Specifically, the cortico-striatal projection system is topographically organized delineating a functional organization which is maintained throughout the basal ganglia, subserving motor, cognitive and affective behavioral functions. While such functional heterogeneity has been firstly conceptualized as a tripartite organization, with sharply defined limbic, associative and sensorimotor territories within the striatum, it has been proposed that such territories are more likely to fade into one another, delineating a gradient-like organization along medio-lateral and ventro-dorsal axes. However, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of such organization are less understood, and their relations to behavior remains an open question, especially in humans. In this review we aimed at summarizing the available knowledge on striatal organization, especially focusing on how it links structure to function and its alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. We examined studies conducted on different species, covering a wide array of different methodologies: from tract-tracing and immunohistochemistry to neuroimaging and transcriptomic experiments, aimed at bridging the gap between macroscopic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Medical School of Salerno", University of Salerno.
| | | | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
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Ahmadi M, Kazemi K, Kuc K, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Helfroush MS, Aarabi A. Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34289458 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac16b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHDI) and combined (67 ADHDC) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs). Three discrete FC states were then identified using k-means clustering and used to estimate transition probabilities between states in both patient and control groups using a hidden Markov model. Our results showed state-dependent alterations in intra and inter-network connectivity in both ADHD subtypes in comparison with TD. Spending less time than healthy controls in state 1, both ADHDIand ADHDCwere characterized with weaker intra-hemispheric connectivity with functional asymmetries. In this state, ADHDIfurther showed weaker inter-hemispheric connectivity. The patients spent more time in state 2, exhibiting characteristic abnormalities in corticosubcortical and corticocerebellar connectivity. In state 3, a less frequently state observed across the ADHD and TD children, ADHDCwas differentiated from ADHDIby significant alterations in FC between bilateral temporal regions and other brain areas in comparison with TD. Across all three states, several strategic brain regions, mostly bilateral, exhibited significant alterations in both static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC in the ADHD groups compared to TD, including inferior, middle and superior temporal gyri, middle frontal gyri, insula, anterior cingulum cortex, precuneus, calcarine, fusiform, superior motor area, and cerebellum. Our results show distributed abnormalities in sFC and dFC between different large-scale RSNs including cortical and subcortical regions in both ADHD subtypes compared to TD. Our findings show that the dynamic changes in brain FC can better explain the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD such as deficits in visual cognition, attention, memory and emotion processing, and cognitive and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ardalan Aarabi
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience and Pathologies (LNFP EA4559), University Research Center (CURS), University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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12
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Basal ganglia-orbitofrontal circuits are associated with prospective memory deficits in Wilson's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:141-150. [PMID: 34297310 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative changes in the basal ganglia (BG) are thought to contribute to neurological symptoms in Wilson's disease (WD). However, very little is known about whether and how the BG have an influence on prospective memory (PM) by interacting with the cerebral cortex. Here, we employed structural magnetic resonance imaging to systematically examine the effect of volume atrophy of BG on cortical thickness and to evaluate the relationships between cortical thickness of regions associated with BG atrophy and PM performance in WD. Cortical thickness atrophy in the left temporal pole and medial frontal gyrus are not related to degenerative changes in BG. Cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal gyrus (ORB) have stronger correlations with volume atrophy of the left accumbens, pallidum, and putamen in WD when compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the cortical thickness of the right ORB is not only significantly correlated with PM performance but can also distinguish the severity of PM impairment in WD. Additionally, the middle cingulate cortex was related to volume atrophy of the accumbens, and its cortical thickness has a significant positive correlation with event-based PM. Together, these findings highlight that BG-orbitofrontal circuits may serve as neural biomarkers of PM and provide implications for the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in WD.
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Beneath the surface: hyper-connectivity between caudate and salience regions in ADHD fMRI at rest. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:619-631. [PMID: 32385695 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) comprises disturbances in attention, emotional regulation, and reward-related processes. In spite of the active efforts in researching neurofunctional correlates of these symptoms, how the activity of subcortical regions-such as basal ganglia-is related to ADHD has yet to be clarified. More specifically, how age may influence the critical changes observed in functional dynamics from childhood to adulthood remains relatively unexplored. We hence selected five core subcortical regions (amygdala, caudate, putamen, pallidum and hippocampus) as regions of interest from the previous literature, measuring their whole-brain voxel-wise rsFC in a sample of 95 ADHD and 90 neurotypical children and adolescents aged from 7 to 18. The only subcortical structure showing significant differences in rsFC was the caudate nucleus. Specifically, we measured increased rsFC with anterior cingulate and right insula, two mesolimbic regions pertaining to the Salience Network. The degree of hyper-rsFC positively correlated with ADHD symptomatology, and showed different patterns of evolution in ADHD vs neurotypical subjects. Finally, the rsFC scores allowed a fair discrimination of the ADHD group (Area Under the Curve ≥ 0.7). These findings shed further light on the fundamental role covered by subcortical structures in ADHD pathogenesis and neurodevelopment, providing new evidence to fill the gap between neurofunctional and clinical expressions of ADHD.
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Addabbo F, Baglioni V, Schrag A, Schwarz MJ, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Martino D, Buttiglione M. Anti-dopamine D2 receptor antibodies in chronic tic disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1205-1212. [PMID: 32644201 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between circulating anti-dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) autoantibodies and the exacerbation of tics in children with chronic tic disorders (CTDs). METHOD One hundred and thirty-seven children with CTDs (108 males, 29 females; mean age [SD] 10y 0mo [2y 7mo], range 4-16y) were recruited over 18 months. Patients were assessed at baseline, at tic exacerbation, and at 2 months after exacerbation. Serum anti-D2R antibodies were evaluated using a cell-based assay and blinded immunofluorescence microscopy scoring was performed by two raters. The association between visit type and presence of anti-D2R antibodies was measured with McNemar's test and repeated-measure logistic regression models, adjusting for potential demographic and clinical confounders. RESULTS At exacerbation, 11 (8%) participants became anti-D2R-positive ('early peri-exacerbation seroconverters'), and nine (6.6%) became anti-D2R-positive at post-exacerbation ('late peri-exacerbation seroconverters'). The anti-D2R antibodies were significantly associated with exacerbations when compared to baseline (McNemar's odds ratio=11, p=0.003) and conditional logistic regression confirmed this association (Z=3.49, p<0.001) after adjustment for demographic and clinical data and use of psychotropic drugs. INTERPRETATION There is a potential association between immune mechanisms and the severity course of tics in adolescents with CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Addabbo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Baglioni
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Rome, Italy
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Markus J Schwarz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maura Buttiglione
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Wang M, Hu Z, Liu L, Li H, Qian Q, Niu H. Disrupted functional brain connectivity networks in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:015012. [PMID: 32206679 PMCID: PMC7064804 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychological disease in childhood. Currently, widely used neuroimaging techniques require complete body confinement and motionlessness and thus are extremely hard for brain scanning of ADHD children. Aim: We present resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an imaging technique to record spontaneous brain activity in children with ADHD. Approach: The brain functional connectivity was calculated, and the graph theoretical analysis was further applied to investigate alterations in the global and regional properties of the brain network in the patients. In addition, the relationship between brain network features and core symptoms was examined. Results: ADHD patients exhibited significant decreases in both functional connectivity and global network efficiency. Meanwhile, the nodal efficiency in children with ADHD was also found to be altered, e.g., increase in the visual and dorsal attention networks and decrease in somatomotor and default mode networks, compared to the healthy controls. More importantly, the disrupted functional connectivity and nodal efficiency significantly correlated with dimensional ADHD scores. Conclusions: We clearly demonstrate the feasibility and potential of fNIRS-based connectome technique in ADHD or other neurological diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Wang
- Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
- Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Address all correspondence to Qiujin Qian, E-mail: ; Haijing Niu, E-mail:
| | - Haijing Niu
- Beijing Normal University, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
- Beijing Normal University, Center of Social Welfare Studies, Beijing, China
- Address all correspondence to Qiujin Qian, E-mail: ; Haijing Niu, E-mail:
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16
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Zachor DA, Ben-Itzchak E. From Toddlerhood to Adolescence: Which Characteristics Among Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder Predict Adolescent Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptom Severity? A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3191-3202. [PMID: 31069619 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity have been described in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study searched for predictors at toddlerhood of the severity of ADHD symptoms at adolescence. The study included 65 participants, (mean age = 13:8 year), diagnosed with ASD at toddlerhood. Participants underwent a comprehensive assessment of cognitive ability, adaptive skills and autism severity at toddlerhood and adolescence. More severe restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in toddlerhood predicted the severity of Inattention symptoms. In addition, more severe RRB and lower adaptive skills in the toddler years significantly predicted the severity of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptoms. Adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms diagnosed at toddlerhood with ASD showed lower cognitive and adaptive skills and more severe autism symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditza A Zachor
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Autism Center/ALUT, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, 70300, Israel.
| | - Esther Ben-Itzchak
- Department of Communication Disorders, Bruckner Center for Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
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17
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Abnormal functional network centrality in drug-naïve boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1321-1328. [PMID: 30798413 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood and is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Observations of distributed functional abnormalities in ADHD suggest aberrant large-scale brain network connectivity. However, few studies have measured the voxel-wise network centrality of boys with ADHD, which captures the functional relationships of a given voxel within the entire connectivity matrix of the brain. Here, to examine the network patterns characterizing children with ADHD, we recruited 47 boys with ADHD and 21 matched control boys who underwent resting-state functional imaging scanning in a 3.0 T MRI unit. We measured voxel-wise network centrality, indexing local functional relationships across the entire brain connectome, termed degree centrality (DC). Then, we chose the brain regions with altered DC as seeds to examine the remote functional connectivity (FC) of brain regions. We found that boys with ADHD exhibited (1) decreased centrality in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and increased centrality in the left superior occipital lobe (SOL) and right inferior parietal lobe (IPL); (2) decreased FC between the STG and the putamen and thalamus, which belong to the cognitive cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) loop, and increased FC between the STG and medial/superior frontal gyrus within the affective CSTC loop; and (3) decreased connectivity between the SOL and cuneus within the dorsal attention network. Our results demonstrated that patients with ADHD show a connectivity-based pathophysiological process in the cognitive and affective CSTC loops and attention network.
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King N, Floren S, Kharas N, Thomas M, Dafny N. Glutaminergic signaling in the caudate nucleus is required for behavioral sensitization to methylphenidate. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 184:172737. [PMID: 31228508 PMCID: PMC6692216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPD) is a widely prescribed psychostimulant for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and is growing in use as a recreational drug and academic enhancer. MPD acts on the reward/motive and motor circuits of the CNS to produce its effects on behavior. The caudate nucleus (CN) is known to be a part of these circuits, so a lesion study was designed to elucidate the role of the CN in response to acute and chronic MPD exposure. Five groups of n = 8 rats were used: control, sham CN lesions, non-specific electrolytic CN lesions, dopaminergic-specific (6-OHDA toxin) CN lesion, and glutaminergic-specific (ibotenic acid toxin) CN lesions. On experimental day (ED) 1, all groups received saline injections. On ED 2, surgeries took place, followed by a 5-day recovery period (ED 3-7). Groups then received six daily MPD 2.5 mg/kg injections (ED 9-14), then three days of washout with no injection (ED 15-17), followed by a re-challenge with the previous 2.5 mg/kg MPD dose (ED 18). Locomotive activity was recorded for 60 min after each injection by a computerized animal activity monitor. The electrolytic CN lesion group responded to the MPD acute and chronic exposures similarly to the control and sham groups, showing an increase in locomotive activity, i.e. sensitization. The dopaminergic-specific CN lesion group failed to respond to MPD exposure both acute and chronically. The glutaminergic-specific CN lesion group responded to MPD exposure acutely but failed to manifest chronic effects. This confirms the CN's dopaminergic system is necessary for MPD to manifest its acute and chronic effects on behavior, and demonstrates that the CN's glutaminergic system is necessary for the chronic effects of MPD such as sensitization. Thus, the dopaminergic and glutaminergic components of the CN play a significant role in differentially modulating the acute and chronic effects of MPD respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas King
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Samuel Floren
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Natasha Kharas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ming Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Nachum Dafny
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at the McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Tan YW, Liu L, Wang YF, Li HM, Pan MR, Zhao MJ, Huang F, Wang YF, He Y, Liao XH, Qian QJ. Alterations of cerebral perfusion and functional brain connectivity in medication-naïve male adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:197-206. [PMID: 31231983 PMCID: PMC6978256 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Functional brain abnormalities, including altered cerebral perfusion and functional connectivities, have been illustrated in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD). The present study attempted to explore the alterations of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) simultaneously to understand the neural mechanisms for adults with ADHD comprehensively. Methods Resting‐state arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired for 69 male aADHD and 69 matched healthy controls (HCs). The altered CBFs associated with aADHD were explored based on both categorical (aADHD vs HCs) and dimensional (correlation with aADHD core symptoms) perspectives. Then, the seed‐based RSFC analyses were developed for the regions showing significant alterations of CBF. Results Significantly decreased CBF in the large‐scale resting‐state networks regions (eg, ventral attentional network, somatomotor network, limbic network) and subcortical regions was indicated in aADHD compared with HCs. The correlation analyses indicated that the hypoperfusion in left putamen/global pallidum and left amygdala/hippocampus was correlated with ADHD inattentive and total symptoms, respectively. Further, weaker negative functional connectivity between left amygdala and bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and left medial frontal gyrus was found in adults with ADHD. Conclusion The present findings suggested alterations of both cerebral perfusion and functional connectivity for the left amygdala in aADHD. The combination of CBF and RSFCs may help to interpret the neuropathogenesis of ADHD more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Tan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fei Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Mei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Rong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Hong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & the NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Age-Normative Pathways of Striatal Connectivity Related to Clinical Symptoms in the General Population. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:966-976. [PMID: 30898336 PMCID: PMC6534442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered striatal development contributes to core deficits in motor and inhibitory control, impulsivity, and inattention associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and may likewise play a role in deficient reward processing and emotion regulation in psychosis and depression. The maturation of striatal connectivity has not been well characterized, particularly as it relates to clinical symptomatology. METHODS Resting-state functional connectivity with striatal subdivisions was examined for 926 participants (8-22 years of age, 44% male) from the general population who had participated in two large cross-sectional studies. Developing circuits were identified and growth charting of age-related connections was performed to obtain individual scores reflecting relative neurodevelopmental attainment. Associations of clinical symptom scales (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, psychosis, depression, and general psychopathology) with the resulting striatal connectivity age-deviation scores were then tested using elastic net regression. RESULTS Linear and nonlinear developmental patterns occurred across 231 striatal age-related connections. Both unique and overlapping striatal age-related connections were associated with the four symptom domains. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity was related to age-advanced connectivity across several insula subregions, but to age-delayed connectivity with the nearby inferior frontal gyrus. Psychosis was associated with advanced connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus, while aberrant limbic connectivity predicted depression. The dorsal posterior insula, a region involved in pain processing, emerged as a strong contributor to general psychopathology as well as to each individual symptom domain. CONCLUSIONS Developmental striatal pathophysiology in the general population is consistent with dysfunctional circuitry commonly found in clinical populations. Atypical age-normative connectivity may thereby reflect aberrant neurodevelopmental processes that contribute to clinical risk.
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Shofty B, Bergmann E, Zur G, Asleh J, Bosak N, Kavushansky A, Castellanos FX, Ben-Sira L, Packer RJ, Vezina GL, Constantini S, Acosta MT, Kahn I. Autism-associated Nf1 deficiency disrupts corticocortical and corticostriatal functional connectivity in human and mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104479. [PMID: 31128207 PMCID: PMC6689441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with the autosomal dominant single gene disorder, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), display multiple structural and functional changes in the central nervous system, resulting in neuropsychological cognitive abnormalities. Here we assessed the pathological functional organization that may underlie the behavioral impairments in NF1 using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI signal across the entire brain were used to interrogate the pattern of functional organization of corticocortical and corticostriatal networks in both NF1 pediatric patients and mice with a heterozygous mutation in the Nf1 gene (Nf1+/-). Children with NF1 demonstrated abnormal organization of cortical association networks and altered posterior-anterior functional connectivity in the default network. Examining the contribution of the striatum revealed that corticostriatal functional connectivity was altered. NF1 children demonstrated reduced functional connectivity between striatum and the frontoparietal network and increased striatal functional connectivity with the limbic network. Awake passive mouse functional connectivity MRI in Nf1+/- mice similarly revealed reduced posterior-anterior connectivity along the cingulate cortex as well as disrupted corticostriatal connectivity. The striatum of Nf1+/- mice showed increased functional connectivity to somatomotor and frontal cortices and decreased functional connectivity to the auditory cortex. Collectively, these results demonstrate similar alterations across species, suggesting that NF1 pathogenesis is linked to striatal dysfunction and disrupted corticocortical connectivity in the default network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shofty
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Bergmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Zur
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jad Asleh
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Kavushansky
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Liat Ben-Sira
- The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger J Packer
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Children's National Health System, Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert L Vezina
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria T Acosta
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Children's National Health System, Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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22
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Miquel M, Nicola SM, Gil-Miravet I, Guarque-Chabrera J, Sanchez-Hernandez A. A Working Hypothesis for the Role of the Cerebellum in Impulsivity and Compulsivity. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:99. [PMID: 31133834 PMCID: PMC6513968 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence associates cerebellar abnormalities with several neuropsychiatric disorders in which compulsive symptomatology and impulsivity are part of the disease pattern. Symptomatology of autism, addiction, obsessive-compulsive (OCD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders transcends the sphere of motor dysfunction and essentially entails integrative processes under control of prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar loops. Patients with brain lesions affecting the cortico-striatum thalamic circuitry and the cerebellum indeed exhibit compulsive symptoms. Specifically, lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis cause affective dysregulation and deficits in executive function. These deficits may be due to impairment of one of the main functions of the cerebellum, implementation of forward internal models of the environment. Actions that are independent of internal models may not be guided by predictive relationships or a mental representation of the goal. In this review article, we explain how this deficit might affect executive functions. Additionally, regionalized cerebellar lesions have been demonstrated to impair other brain functions such as the emergence of habits and behavioral inhibition, which are also altered in compulsive disorders. Similar to the infralimbic cortex, clinical studies and research in animal models suggest that the cerebellum is not required for learning goal-directed behaviors, but it is critical for habit formation. Despite this accumulating data, the role of the cerebellum in compulsive symptomatology and impulsivity is still a matter of discussion. Overall, findings point to a modulatory function of the cerebellum in terminating or initiating actions through regulation of the prefrontal cortices. Specifically, the cerebellum may be crucial for restraining ongoing actions when environmental conditions change by adjusting prefrontal activity in response to the new external and internal stimuli, thereby promoting flexible behavioral control. We elaborate on this explanatory framework and propose a working hypothesis for the involvement of the cerebellum in compulsive and impulsive endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miquel
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Saleem M Nicola
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Isis Gil-Miravet
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julian Guarque-Chabrera
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Aitor Sanchez-Hernandez
- Área de Psicobiología, School of Health Science, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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23
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Multiple subependymal pseudocysts in neonates play a role in later attention deficit hyperactivity and autistic spectrum disorder. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:692-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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24
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Sörös P, Hoxhaj E, Borel P, Sadohara C, Feige B, Matthies S, Müller HHO, Bachmann K, Schulze M, Philipsen A. Hyperactivity/restlessness is associated with increased functional connectivity in adults with ADHD: a dimensional analysis of resting state fMRI. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 30683074 PMCID: PMC6347794 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious and frequent psychiatric disorder of multifactorial pathogenesis. Several lines of evidence support the idea that ADHD is, in its core, a disorder of dysfunctional brain connectivity within and between several neurofunctional networks. The primary aim of this study was to investigate associations between the functional connectivity within resting state brain networks and the individual severity of core ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity). METHODS Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 38 methylphenidate-naïve adults with childhood-onset ADHD (20 women, mean age 40.5 years) were analyzed using independent component analysis (FSL's MELODIC) and FSL's dual regression technique. For motion correction, standard volume-realignment followed by independent component analysis-based automatic removal of motion artifacts (FSL's ICA-AROMA) were employed. To identify well-established brain networks, the independent components found in the ADHD group were correlated with brain networks previously found in healthy participants (Smith et al. PNAS 2009;106:13040-5). To investigate associations between functional connectivity and individual symptom severity, sex, and age, linear regressions were performed. RESULTS Decomposition of resting state brain activity of adults with ADHD resulted in similar resting state networks as previously described for healthy adults. No significant differences in functional connectivity were seen between women and men. Advanced age was associated with decreased functional connectivity in parts of the bilateral cingulate and paracingulate cortex within the executive control network. More severe hyperactivity was associated with increased functional connectivity in the left putamen, right caudate nucleus, right central operculum and a portion of the right postcentral gyrus within the auditory/sensorimotor network. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports and extends our knowledge on the involvement of the striatum in the pathophysiology of ADHD, in particular, in the pathogenesis of hyperactivity. Our results emphasize the usefulness of dimensional analyses in the study of ADHD, a highly heterogeneous disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN12722296 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12722296 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sörös
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany. .,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Eliza Hoxhaj
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Borel
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chiharu Sadohara
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Swantje Matthies
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge H. O. Müller
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Bachmann
- 0000 0001 1009 3608grid.5560.6Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Schulze
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- 0000 0001 2240 3300grid.10388.32Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Rosch KS, Mostofsky SH, Nebel MB. ADHD-related sex differences in fronto-subcortical intrinsic functional connectivity and associations with delay discounting. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:34. [PMID: 30541434 PMCID: PMC6292003 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with atypical fronto-subcortical neural circuitry and heightened delay discounting, or a stronger preference for smaller, immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards. Recent evidence of ADHD-related sex differences in brain structure and function suggests anomalies in fronto-subcortical circuitry may differ among girls and boys with ADHD. The current study examined whether the functional connectivity (FC) within fronto-subcortical neural circuitry differs among girls and boys with ADHD compared to same-sex typically developing (TD) controls and relates to delay discounting. Methods Participants include 8–12-year-old children with ADHD (n = 72, 20 girls) and TD controls (n = 75, 21 girls). Fronto-subcortical regions of interest were functionally defined by applying independent component analysis to resting-state fMRI data. Intrinsic FC between subcortical components, including the striatum and amygdala, and prefrontal components, including ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), was compared across diagnostic groups overall and within sex. Correlations between intrinsic FC of the six fronto-subcortical pairs and delay discounting were also examined. Results Both girls and boys with ADHD show atypical FC between vmPFC and subcortical regions including the striatum (stronger positive FC in ADHD) and amygdala (weaker negative FC in ADHD), with the greatest diagnostic effects among girls. In addition, girls with ADHD show atypical intrinsic FC between the striatum and dlPFC components, including stronger positive FC with ACC and stronger negative FC with dlPFC. Further, girls but not boys, with ADHD, show heightened real-time delay discounting. Brain–behavior correlations suggest (1) stronger negative FC between the striatal and dlPFC components correlated with greater money delay discounting across all participants and (2) stronger FC between the amygdala with both the dlPFC and ACC components was differentially related to heightened real-time discounting among girls and boys with and without ADHD. Conclusions Our findings suggest fronto-subcortical functional networks are affected in children with ADHD, particularly girls, and relate to delay discounting. These results also provide preliminary evidence of greater disruptions in fronto-subcortical FC among girls with ADHD that is not due to elevated inattention symptom severity, intellectual reasoning ability, age, or head motion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s11689-018-9254-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri S Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Hirjak D, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Fritze S, Sambataro F, Kubera KM, Wolf RC. Motor dysfunction as research domain across bipolar, obsessive-compulsive and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:315-335. [PMID: 30236781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although genuine motor abnormalities (GMA) are frequently found in schizophrenia, they are also considered as an intrinsic feature of bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset such as autism, ADHD, and Tourette syndrome. Such transnosological observations strongly suggest a common neural pathophysiology. This systematic review highlights the evidence on GMA and their neuroanatomical substrates in bipolar, obsessive-compulsive, and neurodevelopmental disorders. The data lends support for a common pattern contributing to GMA expression in these diseases that seems to be related to cerebello-thalamo-cortical, fronto-parietal, and cortico-subcortical motor circuit dysfunction. The identified studies provide first evidence for a motor network dysfunction as a correlate of early neurodevelopmental deviance prior to clinical symptom expression. There are also first hints for a developmental risk factor model of these mental disorders. An in-depth analysis of motor networks and related patho-(physiological) mechanisms will not only help promoting Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Motor System construct, but also facilitate the development of novel psychopharmacological models, as well as the identification of neurobiologically plausible target sites for non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Katharina M Kubera
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Karim TJ, Aksel C, Kharas N, Reyes-Vasquez C, Dafny N. Caudate nucleus neurons participate in methylphenidate function: Behavioral and neuronal recordings from freely behaving adolescent rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:241-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Dimensional and Categorical Approaches to Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: New Frontiers in Translational Research. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:652-653. [PMID: 30092914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Arefin TM, Mechling AE, Meirsman AC, Bienert T, Hübner NS, Lee HL, Ben Hamida S, Ehrlich A, Roquet D, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Kieffer BL, Harsan LA. Remodeling of Sensorimotor Brain Connectivity in Gpr88-Deficient Mice. Brain Connect 2018; 7:526-540. [PMID: 28882062 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that orchestrated gene activity and expression support synchronous activity of brain networks. However, there is a paucity of information on the consequences of single gene function on overall brain functional organization and connectivity and how this translates at the behavioral level. In this study, we combined mouse mutagenesis with functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether targeted inactivation of a single gene would modify whole-brain connectivity in live animals. The targeted gene encodes GPR88 (G protein-coupled receptor 88), an orphan G protein-coupled receptor enriched in the striatum and previously linked to behavioral traits relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. Connectivity analysis of Gpr88-deficient mice revealed extensive remodeling of intracortical and cortico-subcortical networks. Most prominent modifications were observed at the level of retrosplenial cortex connectivity, central to the default mode network (DMN) whose alteration is considered a hallmark of many psychiatric conditions. Next, somatosensory and motor cortical networks were most affected. These modifications directly relate to sensorimotor gating deficiency reported in mutant animals and also likely underlie their hyperactivity phenotype. Finally, we identified alterations within hippocampal and dorsal striatum functional connectivity, most relevant to a specific learning deficit that we previously reported in Gpr88-/- animals. In addition, amygdala connectivity with cortex and striatum was weakened, perhaps underlying the risk-taking behavior of these animals. This is the first evidence demonstrating that GPR88 activity shapes the mouse brain functional and structural connectome. The concordance between connectivity alterations and behavior deficits observed in Gpr88-deficient mice suggests a role for GPR88 in brain communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Mahmud Arefin
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,3 Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,4 Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine , New York, New York
| | - Anna E Mechling
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura Carole Meirsman
- 5 Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France .,6 Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine , CNRS UMR 8246/INSERM U1130/Université Pierre et Marie Currie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bienert
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Neele Saskia Hübner
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,2 Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hsu-Lei Lee
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- 5 Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France .,7 Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliza Ehrlich
- 5 Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France .,7 Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dan Roquet
- 8 Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg-CNRS , Strasbourg, France
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- 5 Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg , Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France .,7 Douglas Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura-Adela Harsan
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany .,8 Engineering Science, Computer Science and Imaging Laboratory (ICube), Integrative Multimodal Imaging in Healthcare, University of Strasbourg-CNRS , Strasbourg, France .,9 Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
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30
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Bielczyk NZ, Walocha F, Ebel PW, Haak KV, Llera A, Buitelaar JK, Glennon JC, Beckmann CF. Thresholding functional connectomes by means of mixture modeling. Neuroimage 2018; 171:402-414. [PMID: 29309896 PMCID: PMC5981009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity has been shown to be a very promising tool for studying the large-scale functional architecture of the human brain. In network research in fMRI, functional connectivity is considered as a set of pair-wise interactions between the nodes of the network. These interactions are typically operationalized through the full or partial correlation between all pairs of regional time series. Estimating the structure of the latent underlying functional connectome from the set of pair-wise partial correlations remains an open research problem though. Typically, this thresholding problem is approached by proportional thresholding, or by means of parametric or non-parametric permutation testing across a cohort of subjects at each possible connection. As an alternative, we propose a data-driven thresholding approach for network matrices on the basis of mixture modeling. This approach allows for creating subject-specific sparse connectomes by modeling the full set of partial correlations as a mixture of low correlation values associated with weak or unreliable edges in the connectome and a sparse set of reliable connections. Consequently, we propose to use alternative thresholding strategy based on the model fit using pseudo-False Discovery Rates derived on the basis of the empirical null estimated as part of the mixture distribution. We evaluate the method on synthetic benchmark fMRI datasets where the underlying network structure is known, and demonstrate that it gives improved performance with respect to the alternative methods for thresholding connectomes, given the canonical thresholding levels. We also demonstrate that mixture modeling gives highly reproducible results when applied to the functional connectomes of the visual system derived from the n-back Working Memory task in the Human Connectome Project. The sparse connectomes obtained from mixture modeling are further discussed in the light of the previous knowledge of the functional architecture of the visual system in humans. We also demonstrate that with use of our method, we are able to extract similar information on the group level as can be achieved with permutation testing even though these two methods are not equivalent. We demonstrate that with both of these methods, we obtain functional decoupling between the two hemispheres in the higher order areas of the visual cortex during visual stimulation as compared to the resting state, which is in line with previous studies suggesting lateralization in the visual processing. However, as opposed to permutation testing, our approach does not require inference at the cohort level and can be used for creating sparse connectomes at the level of a single subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Z Bielczyk
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Groteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabian Walocha
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; University of Osnabrück, Neuer Graben 29/Schloss, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patrick W Ebel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen V Haak
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Groteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Comeniuslaan 4, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Groteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Groteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Groteplein Zuid 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Cai W, Chen T, Szegletes L, Supekar K, Menon V. Aberrant Time-Varying Cross-Network Interactions in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Relation to Attention Deficits. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 3:263-273. [PMID: 29486868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to stem from aberrancies in large-scale cognitive control networks. However, the exact nature of aberrant brain circuit dynamics involving these control networks is poorly understood. Using a saliency-based triple-network model of cognitive control, we tested the hypothesis that dynamic cross-network interactions among the salience, central executive, and default mode networks are dysregulated in children with ADHD, and we investigated how these dysregulations contribute to inattention. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 140 children with ADHD and typically developing children from two cohorts (primary cohort = 80 children, replication cohort = 60 children) in a case-control design, we examined both time-averaged and dynamic time-varying cross-network interactions in each cohort separately. RESULTS Time-averaged measures of salience network-centered cross-network interactions were significantly lower in children with ADHD compared with typically developing children and were correlated with severity of inattention symptoms. Children with ADHD displayed more variable dynamic cross-network interaction patterns, including less persistent brain states, significantly shorter mean lifetimes of brain states, and intermittently weaker cross-network interactions. Importantly, dynamic time-varying measures of cross-network interactions were more strongly correlated with inattention symptoms than with time-averaged measures of functional connectivity. Crucially, we replicated these findings in the two independent cohorts of children with ADHD and typically developing children. CONCLUSIONS Aberrancies in time-varying engagement of the salience network with the central executive network and default mode network are a robust and clinically relevant neurobiological signature of childhood ADHD symptoms. The triple-network neurocognitive model provides a novel, replicable, and parsimonious dynamical systems neuroscience framework for characterizing childhood ADHD and inattention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Cai
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Tianwen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Luca Szegletes
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Automation and Applied Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kaustubh Supekar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Shepard R, Beckett E, Coutellier L. Assessment of the acquisition of executive function during the transition from adolescence to adulthood in male and female mice. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 28:29-40. [PMID: 29102727 PMCID: PMC6987909 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions (EF) reached full maturity during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Human studies provide important information about adolescent developmental trajectories; however, little remains known about the neural circuits underlying the acquisition of mature EF. Ethical and technical considerations with human subjects limit opportunities to design experimental studies that allows for an in-depth understanding of developmental changes in neural circuits that regulate cognitive maturation. Preclinical models can offer solutions to this problem. Unfortunately, current rodent models of adolescent development have inherent flaws that limit their translational value. For instance, females are often omitted from studies, preventing the assessment of potential sex-specific developmental trajectories. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether cognitive developmental changes in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Here, we tested adolescent and adult male and female mice in a neurocognitive battery of assays. Based on this approach, we assessed mice performances within distinct subdomains of EF, and observed similarities with human developmental trajectories. Furthermore, the sex-specific cognitive changes we observed were paralleled by molecular and neural activity changes demonstrating that our approach can be used in future research to assess the contribution of precise neural circuits to adolescent cognitive maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Shepard
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Beckett
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laurence Coutellier
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Huertas I, Oldehinkel M, van Oort ESB, Garcia-Solis D, Mir P, Beckmann CF, Marquand AF. A Bayesian spatial model for neuroimaging data based on biologically informed basis functions. Neuroimage 2017; 161:134-148. [PMID: 28782681 PMCID: PMC5692833 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dominant approach to neuroimaging data analysis employs the voxel as the unit of computation. While convenient, voxels lack biological meaning and their size is arbitrarily determined by the resolution of the image. Here, we propose a multivariate spatial model in which neuroimaging data are characterised as a linearly weighted combination of multiscale basis functions which map onto underlying brain nuclei or networks or nuclei. In this model, the elementary building blocks are derived to reflect the functional anatomy of the brain during the resting state. This model is estimated using a Bayesian framework which accurately quantifies uncertainty and automatically finds the most accurate and parsimonious combination of basis functions describing the data. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by predicting quantitative SPECT images of striatal dopamine function and we compare a variety of basis sets including generic isotropic functions, anatomical representations of the striatum derived from structural MRI, and two different soft functional parcellations of the striatum derived from resting-state fMRI (rfMRI). We found that a combination of ∼50 multiscale functional basis functions accurately represented the striatal dopamine activity, and that functional basis functions derived from an advanced parcellation technique known as Instantaneous Connectivity Parcellation (ICP) provided the most parsimonious models of dopamine function. Importantly, functional basis functions derived from resting fMRI were more accurate than both structural and generic basis sets in representing dopamine function in the striatum for a fixed model order. We demonstrate the translational validity of our framework by constructing classification models for discriminating parkinsonian disorders and their subtypes. Here, we show that ICP approach is the only basis set that performs well across all comparisons and performs better overall than the classical voxel-based approach. This spatial model constitutes an elegant alternative to voxel-based approaches in neuroimaging studies; not only are their atoms biologically informed, they are also adaptive to high resolutions, represent high dimensions efficiently, and capture long-range spatial dependencies, which are important and challenging objectives for neuroimaging data. A multivariate spatial model using brain parcellations as basis functions is proposed. Brain regions can be modeled as a superposition of multiscale basis functions. These basis functions are biologically meaningful and capture spatial dependencies. Our framework allows to develop accurate and parsimonious clinical models. The model is computationally efficient, enhances power and adapts to high resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Huertas
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital UniversitarioVirgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik S B van Oort
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Garcia-Solis
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, UDIM, Hospital UniversitarioVirgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y NeurofisiologíaClínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital UniversitarioVirgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Icer S, Benli SG, Gumus K, Demirci E, Ozmen S, Doganay S. Can Functional Connectivity at Resting Brain in ADHD Indicate the Impairments in Sensory-Motor Functions and Face/Emotion Recognition? J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-017-0289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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