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Branco P, Bosak N, Bielefeld J, Cong O, Granovsky Y, Kahn I, Yarnitsky D, Apkarian AV. Structural brain connectivity predicts early acute pain after mild traumatic brain injury. Pain 2023; 164:1312-1320. [PMID: 36355048 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with acute pain manifesting as one of its most debilitating symptoms. Understanding acute postinjury pain is important because it is a strong predictor of long-term outcomes. In this study, we imaged the brains of 157 patients with mTBI, following a motorized vehicle collision. We extracted white matter structural connectivity networks and used a machine learning approach to predict acute pain. Stronger white matter tracts within the sensorimotor, thalamiccortical, and default-mode systems predicted 20% of the variance in pain severity within 72 hours of the injury. This result generalized in 2 independent groups: 39 mTBI patients and 13 mTBI patients without whiplash symptoms. White matter measures collected at 6 months after the collision still predicted mTBI pain at that timepoint (n = 36). These white matter connections were associated with 2 nociceptive psychophysical outcomes tested at a remote body site-namely, conditioned pain modulation and magnitude of suprathreshold pain-and with pain sensitivity questionnaire scores. Our findings demonstrate a stable white matter network, the properties of which determine an important amount of pain experienced after acute injury, pinpointing a circuitry engaged in the transformation and amplification of nociceptive inputs to pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Branco
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Noam Bosak
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jannis Bielefeld
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olivia Cong
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yelena Granovsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience and Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Yarnitsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Murdy TJ, Dunn AR, Singh S, Telpoukhovskaia MA, Zhang S, White JK, Kahn I, Febo M, Kaczorowski CC. Leveraging genetic diversity in mice to inform individual differences in brain microstructure and memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1033975. [PMID: 36703722 PMCID: PMC9871587 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1033975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and AD mouse models, both differential pre-disease brain features and differential disease-associated memory decline are observed, suggesting that certain neurological features may protect against AD-related cognitive decline. The combination of these features is known as brain reserve, and understanding the genetic underpinnings of brain reserve may advance AD treatment in genetically diverse human populations. One potential source of brain reserve is brain microstructure, which is genetically influenced and can be measured with diffusion MRI (dMRI). To investigate variation of dMRI metrics in pre-disease-onset, genetically diverse AD mouse models, we utilized a population of genetically distinct AD mice produced by crossing the 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of AD to 3 inbred strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ) and two wild-derived strains (CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ). At 3 months of age, these mice underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) to probe neural microanatomy in 83 regions of interest (ROIs). At 5 months of age, these mice underwent contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Strain had a significant effect on dMRI measures in most ROIs tested, while far fewer effects of sex, sex*strain interactions, or strain*sex*5XFAD genotype interactions were observed. A main effect of 5XFAD genotype was observed in only 1 ROI, suggesting that the 5XFAD transgene does not strongly disrupt neural development or microstructure of mice in early adulthood. Strain also explained the most variance in mouse baseline motor activity and long-term fear memory. Additionally, significant effects of sex and strain*sex interaction were observed on baseline motor activity, and significant strain*sex and sex*5XFAD genotype interactions were observed on long-term memory. We are the first to study the genetic influences of brain microanatomy in genetically diverse AD mice. Thus, we demonstrated that strain is the primary factor influencing brain microstructure in young adult AD mice and that neural development and early adult microstructure are not strongly altered by the 5XFAD transgene. We also demonstrated that strain, sex, and 5XFAD genotype interact to influence memory in genetically diverse adult mice. Our results support the usefulness of the 5XFAD mouse model and convey strong relationships between natural genetic variation, brain microstructure, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy R. Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Surjeet Singh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | | | | | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Catherine C. Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States,*Correspondence: Catherine C. Kaczorowski,
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Bosak N, Branco P, Kuperman P, Buxbaum C, Cohen RM, Fadel S, Zubeidat R, Hadad R, Lawen A, Saadon‐Grosman N, Sterling M, Granovsky Y, Apkarian AV, Yarnitsky D, Kahn I. Brain Connectivity Predicts Chronic Pain in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:819-833. [PMID: 36082761 PMCID: PMC9826527 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have established the role of the cortico-mesolimbic and descending pain modulation systems in chronic pain prediction. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an acute pain model where chronic pain is prevalent and complicated for prediction. In this study, we set out to study whether functional connectivity (FC) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is predictive of pain chronification in early-acute mTBI. METHODS To estimate FC, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 105 participants with mTBI following a motor vehicle collision was acquired within 72 hours post-accident. Participants were classified according to pain ratings provided at 12-months post-collision into chronic pain (head/neck pain ≥30/100, n = 44) and recovery (n = 61) groups, and their FC maps were compared. RESULTS The chronic pain group exhibited reduced negative FC between NAc and a region within the primary motor cortex corresponding with the expected representation of the area of injury. A complementary pattern was also demonstrated between PAG and the primary somatosensory cortex. PAG and NAc also shared increased FC to the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) within the recovery group. Brain connectivity further shows high classification accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = .86) for future chronic pain, when combined with an acute pain intensity report. INTERPRETATION FC features obtained shortly after mTBI predict its transition to long-term chronic pain, and may reflect an underlying interaction of injury-related primary sensorimotor cortical areas with the mesolimbic and pain modulation systems. Our findings indicate a potential predictive biomarker and highlight targets for future early preventive interventions. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:819-833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Bosak
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael,Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Paulo Branco
- Department of NeuroscienceNorthwestern University Medical SchoolChicagoIL
| | - Pora Kuperman
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Chen Buxbaum
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael,Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Ruth Manor Cohen
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Shiri Fadel
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Rabab Zubeidat
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Rafi Hadad
- Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Amir Lawen
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Noam Saadon‐Grosman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew UniversityJerusalemIsrael
| | - Michele Sterling
- RECOVER Injury Research Centre, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury RecoveryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Yelena Granovsky
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | | | - David Yarnitsky
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael,Department of NeurologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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Milham M, Petkov C, Belin P, Ben Hamed S, Evrard H, Fair D, Fox A, Froudist-Walsh S, Hayashi T, Kastner S, Klink C, Majka P, Mars R, Messinger A, Poirier C, Schroeder C, Shmuel A, Silva AC, Vanduffel W, Van Essen DC, Wang Z, Roe AW, Wilke M, Xu T, Aarabi MH, Adolphs R, Ahuja A, Alvand A, Amiez C, Autio J, Azadi R, Baeg E, Bai R, Bao P, Basso M, Behel AK, Bennett Y, Bernhardt B, Biswal B, Boopathy S, Boretius S, Borra E, Boshra R, Buffalo E, Cao L, Cavanaugh J, Celine A, Chavez G, Chen LM, Chen X, Cheng L, Chouinard-Decorte F, Clavagnier S, Cléry J, Colcombe SJ, Conway B, Cordeau M, Coulon O, Cui Y, Dadarwal R, Dahnke R, Desrochers T, Deying L, Dougherty K, Doyle H, Drzewiecki CM, Duyck M, Arachchi WE, Elorette C, Essamlali A, Evans A, Fajardo A, Figueroa H, Franco A, Freches G, Frey S, Friedrich P, Fujimoto A, Fukunaga M, Gacoin M, Gallardo G, Gao L, Gao Y, Garside D, Garza-Villarreal EA, Gaudet-Trafit M, Gerbella M, Giavasis S, Glen D, Ribeiro Gomes AR, Torrecilla SG, Gozzi A, Gulli R, Haber S, Hadj-Bouziane F, Fujimoto SH, Hawrylycz M, He Q, He Y, Heuer K, Hiba B, Hoffstaedter F, Hong SJ, Hori Y, Hou Y, Howard A, de la Iglesia-Vaya M, Ikeda T, Jankovic-Rapan L, Jaramillo J, Jedema HP, Jin H, Jiang M, Jung B, Kagan I, Kahn I, Kiar G, Kikuchi Y, Kilavik B, Kimura N, Klatzmann U, Kwok SC, Lai HY, Lamberton F, Lehman J, Li P, Li X, Li X, Liang Z, Liston C, Little R, Liu C, Liu N, Liu X, Liu X, Lu H, Loh KK, Madan C, Magrou L, Margulies D, Mathilda F, Mejia S, Meng Y, Menon R, Meunier D, Mitchell A, Mitchell A, Murphy A, Mvula T, Ortiz-Rios M, Ortuzar Martinez DE, Pagani M, Palomero-Gallagher N, Pareek V, Perkins P, Ponce F, Postans M, Pouget P, Qian M, Ramirez J“B, Raven E, Restrepo I, Rima S, Rockland K, Rodriguez NY, Roger E, Hortelano ER, Rosa M, Rossi A, Rudebeck P, Russ B, Sakai T, Saleem KS, Sallet J, Sawiak S, Schaeffer D, Schwiedrzik CM, Seidlitz J, Sein J, Sharma J, Shen K, Sheng WA, Shi NS, Shim WM, Simone L, Sirmpilatze N, Sivan V, Song X, Tanenbaum A, Tasserie J, Taylor P, Tian X, Toro R, Trambaiolli L, Upright N, Vezoli J, Vickery S, Villalon J, Wang X, Wang Y, Weiss AR, Wilson C, Wong TY, Woo CW, Wu B, Xiao D, Xu AG, Xu D, Xufeng Z, Yacoub E, Ye N, Ying Z, Yokoyama C, Yu X, Yue S, Yuheng L, Yumeng X, Zaldivar D, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Zuo Z. Toward next-generation primate neuroscience: A collaboration-based strategic plan for integrative neuroimaging. Neuron 2022; 110:16-20. [PMID: 34731649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Open science initiatives are creating opportunities to increase research coordination and impact in nonhuman primate (NHP) imaging. The PRIMatE Data and Resource Exchange community recently developed a collaboration-based strategic plan to advance NHP imaging as an integrative approach for multiscale neuroscience.
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Lichtman D, Bergmann E, Kavushansky A, Cohen N, Levy NS, Levy AP, Kahn I. Structural and functional brain-wide alterations in A350V Iqsec2 mutant mice displaying autistic-like behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:181. [PMID: 33753721 PMCID: PMC7985214 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IQSEC2 is an X-linked gene that is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, and epilepsy. IQSEC2 is a postsynaptic density protein, localized on excitatory synapses as part of the NMDA receptor complex and is suggested to play a role in AMPA receptor trafficking and mediation of long-term depression. Here, we present brain-wide structural volumetric and functional connectivity characterization in a novel mouse model with a missense mutation in the IQ domain of IQSEC2 (A350V). Using high-resolution structural and functional MRI, we show that animals with the A350V mutation display increased whole-brain volume which was further found to be specific to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, using a data-driven approach we identify putative alterations in structure-function relations of the frontal, auditory, and visual networks in A350V mice. Examination of these alterations revealed an increase in functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsomedial striatum. We also show that corticostriatal functional connectivity is correlated with individual variability in social behavior only in A350V mice, as assessed using the three-chamber social preference test. Our results at the systems-level bridge the impact of previously reported changes in AMPA receptor trafficking to network-level disruption and impaired social behavior. Further, the A350V mouse model recapitulates similarly reported brain-wide changes in other ASD mouse models, with substantially different cellular-level pathologies that nonetheless result in similar brain-wide alterations, suggesting that novel therapeutic approaches in ASD that result in systems-level rescue will be relevant to IQSEC2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lichtman
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Eyal Bergmann
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Alexandra Kavushansky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Nadav Cohen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Nina S Levy
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Andrew P Levy
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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Bergmann E, Gofman X, Kavushansky A, Kahn I. Individual variability in functional connectivity architecture of the mouse brain. Commun Biol 2020; 3:738. [PMID: 33277621 PMCID: PMC7718219 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years precision fMRI has emerged in human brain research, demonstrating characterization of individual differences in brain organization. However, mechanistic investigations to the sources of individual variability are limited in humans and thus require animal models. Here, we used resting-state fMRI in awake mice to quantify the contribution of individual variation to the functional architecture of the mouse cortex. We found that the mouse connectome is also characterized by stable individual features that support connectivity-based identification. Unlike in humans, we found that individual variation is homogeneously distributed in sensory and association networks. Finally, connectome-based predictive modeling of motor behavior in the rotarod task revealed that individual variation in functional connectivity explained behavioral variability. Collectively, these results establish the feasibility of precision fMRI in mice and lay the foundation for future mechanistic investigations of individual brain organization and pre-clinical studies of brain disorders in the context of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Bergmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xenia Gofman
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Kavushansky
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Zur G, Lesman-Segev OH, Schlesinger I, Goldsher D, Sinai A, Zaaroor M, Assaf Y, Eran A, Kahn I. Tremor Relief and Structural Integrity after MRI-guided Focused US Thalamotomy in Tremor Disorders. Radiology 2020; 294:676-685. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019191624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shofty B, Bergmann E, Zur G, Asleh J, Bosak N, Kavushansky A, Castellanos FX, Ben-Sira L, Packer RJ, Vezina GL, Constantini S, Acosta MT, Kahn I. Autism-associated Nf1 deficiency disrupts corticocortical and corticostriatal functional connectivity in human and mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104479. [PMID: 31128207 PMCID: PMC6689441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with the autosomal dominant single gene disorder, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), display multiple structural and functional changes in the central nervous system, resulting in neuropsychological cognitive abnormalities. Here we assessed the pathological functional organization that may underlie the behavioral impairments in NF1 using resting-state functional connectivity MRI. Coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI signal across the entire brain were used to interrogate the pattern of functional organization of corticocortical and corticostriatal networks in both NF1 pediatric patients and mice with a heterozygous mutation in the Nf1 gene (Nf1+/-). Children with NF1 demonstrated abnormal organization of cortical association networks and altered posterior-anterior functional connectivity in the default network. Examining the contribution of the striatum revealed that corticostriatal functional connectivity was altered. NF1 children demonstrated reduced functional connectivity between striatum and the frontoparietal network and increased striatal functional connectivity with the limbic network. Awake passive mouse functional connectivity MRI in Nf1+/- mice similarly revealed reduced posterior-anterior connectivity along the cingulate cortex as well as disrupted corticostriatal connectivity. The striatum of Nf1+/- mice showed increased functional connectivity to somatomotor and frontal cortices and decreased functional connectivity to the auditory cortex. Collectively, these results demonstrate similar alterations across species, suggesting that NF1 pathogenesis is linked to striatal dysfunction and disrupted corticocortical connectivity in the default network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shofty
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Bergmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Zur
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jad Asleh
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Kavushansky
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - F Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Liat Ben-Sira
- The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger J Packer
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Children's National Health System, Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert L Vezina
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- The Gilbert Israeli NF Center, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria T Acosta
- The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, Children's National Health System, Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Rogers EJ, Jada R, Schragenheim-Rozales K, Sah M, Cortes M, Florence M, Levy NS, Moss R, Walikonis RS, Palty R, Shalgi R, Lichtman D, Kavushansky A, Gerges NZ, Kahn I, Umanah GKE, Levy AP. An IQSEC2 Mutation Associated With Intellectual Disability and Autism Results in Decreased Surface AMPA Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:43. [PMID: 30842726 PMCID: PMC6391579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently described an A350V mutation in IQSEC2 associated with intellectual disability, autism and epilepsy. We sought to understand the molecular pathophysiology of this mutation with the goal of developing targets for drug intervention. We demonstrate here that the A350V mutation results in interference with the binding of apocalmodulin to the IQ domain of IQSEC2. We further demonstrate that this mutation results in constitutive activation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of IQSEC2 resulting in increased production of the active form of Arf6. In a CRISPR generated mouse model of the A350V IQSEC2 mutation, we demonstrate that the surface expression of GluA2 AMPA receptors in mouse hippocampal tissue was significantly reduced in A350V IQSEC2 mutant mice compared to wild type IQSEC2 mice and that there is a significant reduction in basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of A350V IQSEC2 mice compared to wild type IQSEC2 mice. Finally, the A350V IQSEC2 mice demonstrated increased activity, abnormal social behavior and learning as compared to wild type IQSEC2 mice. These findings suggest a model of how the A350V mutation in IQSEC2 may mediate disease with implications for targets for drug therapy. These studies provide a paradigm for a personalized approach to precision therapy for a disease that heretofore has no therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J Rogers
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reem Jada
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Megha Sah
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Marisol Cortes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Florence
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Nina S Levy
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Moss
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Randall S Walikonis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Raz Palty
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reut Shalgi
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniela Lichtman
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandra Kavushansky
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nashaat Z Gerges
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - George K E Umanah
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew P Levy
- Technion Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
The development of imaging methodologies for single cell measurements over extended timescales of up to weeks, in the intact animal, will depend on signal strength, stability, validity and specificity of labeling. Whereas light-microscopy can achieve these with genetically-encoded probes or dyes, this modality does not allow mesoscale imaging of entire intact tissues. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), outperform light microscopy in field of view and depth of imaging, but do not offer cellular resolution and specificity, suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio and, in some instances, low temporal resolution. In addition, the origins of the signals measured by MRI are either indirect to the process of interest or hard to validate. It is therefore highly warranted to find means to enhance MRI signals to allow increases in resolution and cellular-specificity. To this end, cell-selective bi-functional magneto-fluorescent contrast agents can provide an elegant solution. Fluorescence provides means for identification of labeled cells and particles location after MRI acquisition, and it can be used to facilitate the design of cell-selective labeling of defined targets. Here we briefly review recent available designs of magneto-fluorescent markers and elaborate on key differences between them with respect to durability and relevant cellular highlighting approaches. We further focus on the potential of intracellular labeling and basic functional sensing MRI, with assays that enable imaging cells at microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Finally, we illustrate the qualities and limitations of the available imaging markers and discuss prospects for in vivo neural imaging and large-scale brain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Berlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shunit Olszakier
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sandip K Pahari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Paz R, Falik-Zaccai T, Aharon-Peretz J, Kahn I. P2‐489: CHARACTERIZING COGNITIVE AND NEURAL ALTERATIONS AMONG HEALTHY PARTICIPANTS WITH A GENETIC PREDISPOSITION FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Paz
- Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
- Rambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Judith Aharon-Peretz
- Cognitive Neurology InstituteRambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, IsraelHaifaIsrael
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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12
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Pakpoor J, Seminatore B, Graves J, Schreiner T, Waldman A, Lotze T, Belman A, Greenberg B, Weinstock-Guttman B, Aaen G, Tillema J, McDonald J, Hart J, Ness J, Harris Y, Rubin J, Candee M, Krupp L, Gorman M, Benson L, Rodriguez M, Chitnis T, Mar S, Kahn I, Rose J, Carmichael S, Roalstad S, Waltz M, Casper T, Waubant E. Dietary factors and pediatric multiple sclerosis: A case-control study. Mult Scler 2018; 24:1067-1076. [PMID: 28608728 PMCID: PMC5711616 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517713343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of diet in multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely uncharacterized, particularly as it pertains to pediatric-onset disease. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between dietary factors and MS in children. METHODS Pediatric MS patients and controls were recruited from 16 US centers (MS or clinically isolated syndrome onset before age 18, <4 years from symptom onset and at least 2 silent lesions on magnetic resonance imaging). The validated Block Kids Food Screener questionnaire was administered 2011-2016. Chi-squared test compared categorical variables, Kruskal-Wallis test compared continuous variables, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 312 cases and 456 controls were included (mean ages 15.1 and 14.4 years). In unadjusted analyses, there was no difference in intake of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, fruits, or vegetables. Dietary iron was lower in cases ( p = 0.04), and cases were more likely to consume below recommended guidelines of iron (77.2% of cases vs 62.9% of controls, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, iron consumption below recommended guidelines was associated with MS (odds ratio = 1.80, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Pediatric MS cases may be less likely to consume sufficient iron compared to controls, and this warrants broader study to characterize a temporal relationship. No other significant difference in intake of most dietary factors was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pakpoor
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - B. Seminatore
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J. Graves
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - T. Schreiner
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Neurology
| | - A. Waldman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Neurology
| | - T. Lotze
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Child Neurology
| | - A. Belman
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Neurology
| | | | | | - G. Aaen
- Loma Linda University, Neurology
| | | | - J. McDonald
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - J. Hart
- University of California, San Francisco, Regional Pediatric MS Center, Neurology
| | - J. Ness
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pediatrics
| | - Y. Harris
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pediatrics
| | - J. Rubin
- Ann & Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Neurology
| | | | - L. Krupp
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Neurology
| | - M. Gorman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center
| | - L. Benson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center
| | | | | | - S. Mar
- Washington University St. Louis, Neurology
| | - I. Kahn
- Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - J. Rose
- University of Utah, Neurology
| | - S.L. Carmichael
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - E. Waubant
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- University of California, San Francisco, Regional Pediatric MS Center, Neurology
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13
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Gordon S, Dolgopyat I, Kahn I, Riklin Raviv T. Multidimensional co-segmentation of longitudinal brain MRI ensembles in the presence of a neurodegenerative process. Neuroimage 2018; 178:346-369. [PMID: 29723637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI Segmentation of a pathological brain poses a significant challenge, as the available anatomical priors that provide top-down information to aid segmentation are inadequate in the presence of abnormalities. This problem is further complicated for longitudinal data capturing impaired brain development or neurodegenerative conditions, since the dynamic of brain atrophies has to be considered as well. For these cases, the absence of compatible annotated training examples renders the commonly used multi-atlas or machine-learning approaches impractical. We present a novel segmentation approach that accounts for the lack of labeled data via multi-region multi-subject co-segmentation (MMCoSeg) of longitudinal MRI sequences. The underlying, unknown anatomy is learned throughout an iterative process, in which the segmentation of a region is supported both by the segmentation of the neighboring regions, which share common boundaries, and by the segmentation of corresponding regions, in the other jointly segmented images. A 4D multi-region atlas that models the spatio-temporal deformations and can be adapted to different subjects undergoing similar degeneration processes is reconstructed concurrently. An inducible mouse model of p25 accumulation (the CK-p25 mouse) that displays key pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD) is used as a gold-standard to test the proposed algorithm by providing a conditional control of rapid neurodegeneration. Applying the MMCoSeg to a cohort of CK-p25 mice and littermate controls yields promising segmentation results that demonstrate high compatibility with expertise manual annotations. An extensive comparative analysis with respect to current well-established, atlas-based segmentation methods highlights the advantage of the proposed approach, which provides accurate segmentation of longitudinal brain MRIs in pathological conditions, where only very few annotated examples are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Gordon
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Irit Dolgopyat
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tammy Riklin Raviv
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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14
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Boutte RW, Merlin S, Yona G, Griffiths B, Angelucci A, Kahn I, Shoham S, Blair S. Utah optrode array customization using stereotactic brain atlases and 3-D CAD modeling for optogenetic neocortical interrogation in small rodents and nonhuman primates. Neurophotonics 2017; 4:041502. [PMID: 28721358 PMCID: PMC5506344 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As the optogenetic field expands, the need for precise targeting of neocortical circuits only grows more crucial. This work demonstrates a technique for using Solidworks® computer-aided design (CAD) and readily available stereotactic brain atlases to create a three-dimensional (3-D) model of the dorsal region of area visual cortex 4 (V4D) of the macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis) visual cortex. The 3-D CAD model of the brain was used to customize an [Formula: see text] Utah optrode array (UOA) after it was determined that a high-density ([Formula: see text]) UOA caused extensive damage to marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) primary visual cortex as assessed by electrophysiological recording of spiking activity through a 1.5-mm-diameter through glass via. The [Formula: see text] UOA was customized for optrode length ([Formula: see text]), optrode width ([Formula: see text]), optrode pitch ([Formula: see text]), backplane thickness ([Formula: see text]), and overall form factor ([Formula: see text]). Two [Formula: see text] UOAs were inserted into layer VI of macaque V4D cortices with minimal damage as assessed in fixed tissue cytochrome oxidase staining in nonrecoverable surgeries. Additionally, two [Formula: see text] arrays were implanted in mice (Mus musculus) motor cortices, providing early evidence for long-term tolerability (over 6 months), and for the ability to integrate the UOA with a Holobundle light delivery system toward patterned optogenetic stimulation of cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W. Boutte
- University of Utah, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Northrop Grumman Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Ronald W. Boutte, E-mail: ; Steve Blair, E-mail:
| | - Sam Merlin
- University of Utah, Moran Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Guy Yona
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Alessandra Angelucci
- University of Utah, Moran Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steve Blair
- University of Utah, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Ronald W. Boutte, E-mail: ; Steve Blair, E-mail:
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15
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Bourne T, Waltz M, Casper TC, Kavak K, Aaen G, Belman A, Benson L, Candee M, Chitnis T, Graves J, Greenberg B, Gorman M, Harris Y, Krupp L, Lotze T, Mar S, Ness J, Olsen C, Roalstad S, Rodriguez M, Rose J, Rubin J, Schreiner T, Tillema JM, Kahn I, Waldman A, Barcellos L, Waubant E, Weinstock-Guttman B. Evaluating the association of allergies with multiple sclerosis susceptibility risk and disease activity in a pediatric population. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:371-375. [PMID: 28320170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) and allergies are both considered to be related to imbalanced Th1 and Th2 immune responses. Previous studies evaluating the relationship between MS and allergies provide conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To assess allergies and asthma as risk factors for MS and as predictors of MS relapses in a pediatric cohort. METHODS The environment and genetic risk factors for pediatric MS study is a national case-control project with 16 participating US sites. An environmental questionnaire is used that includes history of allergies in the first five years of life. Case-control data are entered in the pediatric MS Network database and cases at 12 of the 16 sites enter relapse data prospectively. Annualized relapse rate was calculated for patients with follow-up and adjusted for age at disease onset, gender, race, ethnicity, and use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT). RESULTS We included 271 cases (mean age at disease onset of 15.7years and 62% female) and 418 controls. Relapse data were available for 193 cases. There was no difference in prevalence of allergies or asthma between cases and controls. Patients with food allergies had fewer relapses compared to patients without food allergies (0.14 vs 0.48, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS While allergies and asthma are not associated with pediatric MS, cases with food allergies have fewer relapses compared to those without food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T C Casper
- University of Utah, Pediatrics, United States
| | - K Kavak
- State University of New York, Neurology, United States
| | - G Aaen
- Loma Linda University, Neurology, United States
| | - A Belman
- SUNY Stony Brook, Neurology, United States
| | - L Benson
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, United States
| | - M Candee
- University of Utah, Pediatrics, United States
| | - T Chitnis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Neurology, United States
| | - J Graves
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - B Greenberg
- University of Texas Southwestern, Neurology, United States
| | - M Gorman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, United States
| | - Y Harris
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pediatrics, United States
| | - L Krupp
- SUNY Stony Brook, Neurology, United States
| | - T Lotze
- Texas Children's Hospital, Child Neurology, United States
| | - S Mar
- Washington University St. Louis, Neurology, United States
| | - J Ness
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Pediatrics, United States
| | - C Olsen
- University of Utah, Pediatrics, United States
| | - S Roalstad
- University of Utah, Pediatrics, United States
| | | | - J Rose
- University of Utah, Neurology, United States
| | - J Rubin
- Ann & Robert Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Neurology, United States
| | - T Schreiner
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Neurology, United States
| | | | - I Kahn
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, United States
| | - A Waldman
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Neurology, United States
| | - L Barcellos
- University of California Berkeley, United States
| | - E Waubant
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Siman-Tov T, Bosak N, Sprecher E, Paz R, Eran A, Aharon-Peretz J, Kahn I. Early Age-Related Functional Connectivity Decline in High-Order Cognitive Networks. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28119599 PMCID: PMC5223363 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world ages, it becomes urgent to unravel the mechanisms underlying brain aging and find ways of intervening with them. While for decades cognitive aging has been related to localized brain changes, growing attention is now being paid to alterations in distributed brain networks. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) has become a particularly useful tool to explore large-scale brain networks; yet, the temporal course of connectivity lifetime changes has not been established. Here, an extensive cross-sectional sample (21-85 years old, N = 887) from a public fcMRI database was used to characterize adult lifespan connectivity dynamics within and between seven brain networks: the default mode, salience, dorsal attention, fronto-parietal control, auditory, visual and motor networks. The entire cohort was divided into young (21-40 years, mean ± SD: 25.5 ± 4.8, n = 543); middle-aged (41-60 years, 50.6 ± 5.4, n = 238); and old (61 years and above, 69.0 ± 6.3, n = 106) subgroups. Correlation matrices as well as a mixed model analysis of covariance indicated that within high-order cognitive networks a considerable connectivity decline is already evident by middle adulthood. In contrast, a motor network shows increased connectivity in middle adulthood and a subsequent decline. Additionally, alterations in inter-network interactions are noticeable primarily in the transition between young and middle adulthood. These results provide evidence that aging-related neural changes start early in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Siman-Tov
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Bosak
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Elliot Sprecher
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - Rotem Paz
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Eran
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rambam Health Care Campus Haifa, Israel
| | - Judith Aharon-Peretz
- Cognitive Neurology Institute, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
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17
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Zaaroor M, Sinai A, Goldsher D, Eran A, Nassar M, Schlesinger I, Parker J, Ravikumar V, Ghanouni P, Stein S, Halpern C, Krishna V, Hargrove A, Agrawal P, Changizi B, Bourekas E, Knopp M, Rezai A, Mead B, Kim N, Mastorakos P, Suk JS, Miller W, Klibanov A, Hanes J, Price R, Wang S, Olumolade O, Kugelman T, Jackson-Lewis V, Karakatsani ME, Han Y, Przedborski S, Konofagou E, Hynynen K, Aubert I, Leinenga G, Nisbet R, Hatch R, Van der Jeugd A, Evans H, Götz J, Götz J, Nisbet R, Van der Jeugd A, Evans H, Leinenga G, Fishman P, Yarowsky P, Frenkel V, Wei-Bin S, Nguyen B, Sanchez CS, Acosta C, Chen C, Wu SY, Karakatsani ME, Konofagou E, Aryal M, Papademetriou IT, Zhang YZ, Power C, McDannold N, Porter T, Kovacs Z, Kim S, Jikaria N, Qureshi F, Bresler M, Frank J, Odéen H, Chiou G, Snell J, Todd N, Madore B, Parker D, Pauly KB, Marx M, Ghanouni P, Jonathan S, Grissom W, Arvanitis C, McDannold N, Clement G, Parker D, de Bever J, Odéen H, Payne A, Christensen D, Maimbourg G, Santin MD, Houdouin A, Lehericy S, Tanter M, Aubry JF, Pauly KB, Federau C, Werner B, Halpern C, Ghanouni P, Preusser T, McLeod H, Abraham C, Pichardo S, Curiel L, Ramaekers P, de Greef M, Berriet R, Moonen C, Ries M, Paeng DG, Dillon C, Janát-Amsbury M, Payne A, Corea J, Ye PP, Arias AC, Pauly KB, Lustig M, Svedin B, Payne A, Xu Z, Parker D, Snell J, Quigg A, Eames M, Jin C, Everstine A, Sheehan J, Lopes MB, Kassell N, Snell J, Quigg A, Drake J, Price K, Lustgarten L, Sin V, Mougenot C, Donner E, Tam E, Hodaie M, Waspe A, Looi T, Pichardo S, Lee W, Chung YA, Jung Y, Song IU, Yoo SS, Lee W, Kim HC, Jung Y, Chung YA, Song IU, Lee JH, Yoo SS, Caskey C, Zinke W, Cosman J, Shuman J, Schall J, Aurup C, Wang S, Chen H, Acosta C, Konofagou E, Kamimura H, Carneiro A, Todd N, Sun T, Zhang YZ, Power C, Nazai N, Patz S, Livingstone M, McDannold N, Mainprize T, Huang Y, Alkins R, Chapman M, Perry J, Lipsman N, Bethune A, Sahgal A, Trudeau M, Hynynen K, Liu HL, Hsu PH, Wei KC, Sun T, Power C, Zhang YZ, Sutton J, Alexander P, Aryal M, Miller E, McDannold N, Kobus T, Zhang YZ, McDannold N, Carpentier A, Canney M, Vignot A, Beccaria K, Leclercq D, Lafon C, Chapelon JY, Hoang-Xuan K, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Xu Z, Moore D, Xu A, Schmitt P, Snell J, Foley J, Eames M, Sheehan J, Kassell N, Sukovich J, Cain C, Xu Z, Pandey A, Snell J, Chaudhary N, Camelo-Piragua S, Allen S, Paeng DG, Cannata J, Teofilovic D, Bertolina J, Kassell N, Hall T, Xu Z, Wu SY, Karakatsani ME, Grondin J, Sanchez CS, Ferrera V, Konofagou E, ter Haar G, Mouratidis P, Repasky E, Timbie K, Badr L, Campbell B, McMichael J, Buckner A, Prince J, Stevens A, Bullock T, Price R, Skalina K, Guha C, Orsi F, Bonomo G, Vigna PD, Mauri G, Varano G, Schade G, Wang YN, Pillarisetty V, Hwang JH, Khokhlova V, Bailey M, Khokhlova T, Khokhlova V, Sinilshchikov I, Yuldashev P, Andriyakhina Y, Kreider W, Maxwell A, Khokhlova T, Sapozhnikov O, Partanen A, Lundt J, Allen S, Sukovich J, Hall T, Cain C, Xu Z, Preusser T, Haase S, Bezzi M, Jenne J, Langø T, Midiri M, Mueller M, Sat G, Tanner C, Zangos S, Guenther M, Melzer A, Menciassi A, Tognarelli S, Cafarelli A, Diodato A, Ciuti G, Rothluebbers S, Schwaab J, Strehlow J, Mihcin S, Tanner C, Tretbar S, Preusser T, Guenther M, Jenne J, Payen T, Palermo C, Sastra S, Chen H, Han Y, Olive K, Konofagou E, Adams M, Salgaonkar V, Scott S, Sommer G, Diederich C, Vidal-Jove J, Perich E, Ruiz A, Velat M, Melodelima D, Dupre A, Vincenot J, Yao C, Perol D, Rivoire M, Tucci S, Mahakian L, Fite B, Ingham E, Tam S, Hwang CI, Tuveson D, Ferrara K, Scionti S, Chen L, Cvetkovic D, Chen X, Gupta R, Wang B, Ma C, Bader K, Haworth K, Maxwell A, Holland C, Sanghvi N, Carlson R, Chen W, Chaussy C, Thueroff S, Cesana C, Bellorofonte C, Wang Q, Wang H, Wang S, Zhang J, Bazzocchi A, Napoli A, Staruch R, Bing C, Shaikh S, Nofiele J, Szczepanski D, Staruch MW, Williams N, Laetsch T, Chopra R, Ghanouni P, Rosenberg J, Bitton R, Napoli A, LeBlang S, Meyer J, Hurwitz M, Pauly KB, Partanen A, Yarmolenko P, Partanen A, Celik H, Eranki A, Beskin V, Santos D, Patel J, Oetgen M, Kim A, Kim P, Sharma K, Chisholm A, Drake J, Aleman D, Waspe A, Looi T, Pichardo S, Napoli A, Bazzocchi A, Scipione R, Temple M, Waspe A, Amaral JG, Huang Y, Endre R, Lamberti-Pasculli M, de Ruiter J, Campbell F, Stimec J, Gupta S, Singh M, Mougenot C, Hopyan S, Hynynen K, Czarnota G, Drake J, Brenin D, Rochman C, Kovatcheva R, Vlahov J, Zaletel K, Stoinov J, Han Y, Wang S, Konofagou E, Bucknor M, Rieke V, Shim J, Staruch R, Koral K, Chopra R, Laetsch T, Lang B, Wong C, Lam H, Kovatcheva R, Vlahov J, Zaletel K, Stoinov J, Shinkov A, Hu J, Sharma K, Zhang X, Macoskey J, Ives K, Owens G, Gurm H, Shi J, Pizzuto M, Cain C, Xu Z, Payne A, Dillon C, Christofferson I, Hilas E, Shea J, Greillier P, Ankou B, Bessière F, Zorgani A, Pioche M, Kwiecinski W, Magat J, Melot-Dusseau S, Lacoste R, Quesson B, Pernot M, Catheline S, Chevalier P, Lafon C, Marquet F, Bour P, Vaillant F, Amraoui S, Dubois R, Ritter P, Haïssaguerre M, Hocini M, Bernus O, Quesson B, Tebebi P, Burks S, Kim S, Milo B, Frank J, Gertner M, Zhang J, Wong A, Fite B, Liu Y, Kheirolomoom A, Seo J, Watson K, Mahakian L, Tam S, Zhang H, Foiret J, Borowsky A, Ferrara K, Xu D, Melzer A, Thanou M, Centelles M, Wright M, Amrahli M, So PW, Gedroyc W, Centelles M, Wright M, Gedroyc W, Thanou M, Kneepkens E, Heijman E, Keupp J, Weiss S, Nicolay K, Grüll H, Fite B, Wong A, Liu Y, Kheirolomoom A, Mahakian L, Tam S, Foiret J, Ferrara K, Burks S, Nagle M, Kim S, Milo B, Frank J, Sapozhnikov O, Nikolaeva AV, Terzi ME, Tsysar SA, Maxwell A, Cunitz B, Bailey M, Mourad P, Downs M, Yang G, Wang Q, Konofagou E, Burks S, Nagle M, Nguyen B, Bresler M, Kim S, Milo B, Frank J, Burks S, Nagle M, Kim S, Milo B, Frank J, Chen J, Farry J, Dixon A, Du Z, Dhanaliwala A, Hossack J, Klibanov A, Ranjan A, Maples D, Chopra R, Bing C, Staruch R, Wardlow R, Staruch MW, Malayer J, Ramachandran A, Nofiele J, Namba H, Kawasaki M, Izumi M, Kiyasu K, Takemasa R, Ikeuchi M, Ushida T, Crake C, Papademetriou IT, Zhang YZ, Porter T, McDannold N, Kothapalli SVVN, Leighton W, Wang Z, Partanen A, Gach HM, Straube W, Altman M, Chen H, Kim YS, Lim HK, Rhim H, Kim YS, Lim HK, Rhim H, van Breugel J, Braat M, Moonen C, van den Bosch M, Ries M, Marrocchio C, Dababou S, Bitton R, Pauly KB, Ghanouni P, Lee JY, Lee JY, Chung HH, Kang SY, Kang KJ, Son KH, Zhang D, Adams M, Salgaonkar V, Plata J, Jones P, Pascal-Tenorio A, Bouley D, Sommer G, Pauly KB, Diederich C, Bond A, Dallapiazza R, Huss D, Warren A, Sperling S, Gwinn R, Shah B, Elias WJ, Curley C, Zhang Y, Negron K, Miller W, Klibanov A, Abounader R, Suk JS, Hanes J, Price R, Karakatsani ME, Samiotaki G, Wang S, Kugelman T, Acosta C, Konofagou E, Kovacs Z, Tu TW, Papadakis G, Hammoud D, Frank J, Silvestrini M, Wolfram F, Güllmar D, Reichenbach J, Hofmann D, Böttcher J, Schubert H, Lesser TG, Almquist S, Parker D, Christensen D, Camarena F, Jiménez-Gambín S, Jiménez N, Konofagou E, Chang JW, Chaplin V, Griesenauer R, Miga M, Caskey C, Ellens N, Airan R, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Farahani K, Partanen A, Feng X, Fielden S, Zhao L, Miller W, Wintermark M, Pauly KB, Meyer C, Guo S, Lu X, Zhuo J, Xu S, Gullapalli R, Gandhi D, Jin C, Brokman O, Eames M, Snell J, Paeng DG, Baek H, Kim H, Leung S, Webb T, Pauly KB, McDannold N, Zhang YZ, Vykhodtseva N, Nguyen TS, Sukovich J, Hall T, Xu Z, Cain C, Park CK, Park SM, Jung NY, Kim MS, Chang WS, Jung HH, Chang JW, Pichardo S, Hynynen K, Plaksin M, Weissler Y, Shoham S, Kimmel E, Quigg A, Snell J, Paeng DG, Eames M, Sapozhnikov O, Rosnitskiy PB, Khokhlova V, Shoham S, Krupa S, Hazan E, Naor O, Levy Y, Maimon N, Brosh I, Kimmel E, Kahn I, Sukovich J, Xu Z, Hall T, Allen S, Cain C, Cahill J, Sun T, Zhang YZ, Power C, Livingstone M, McDannold N, Todd N, Colas EC, Wydra A, Waspe A, Looi T, Maev R, Pichardo S, Drake J, Aly A, Sun T, Zhang YZ, Sesenoglu-Laird O, Padegimas L, Cooper M, McDannold N, Waszczak B, Tehrani S, Miller W, Slingluff C, Larner J, Andarawewa K, Bucknor M, Ozhinsky E, Shah R, Krug R, Rieke V, Deckers R, Linn S, Suelmann B, Braat M, Witkamp A, Vaessen P, van Diest P, Bartels LW, Bos C, van den Bosch M, Borys N, Storm G, Van der Wall E, Moonen C, Farr N, Alnazeer M, Yarmolenko P, Katti P, Partanen A, Eranki A, Kim P, Wood B, Farrer A, Almquist S, Dillon C, Parker D, Christensen D, Payne A, Ferrer C, Bartels LW, de Senneville BD, van Stralen M, Moonen C, Bos C, Liu Y, Liu J, Fite B, Foiret J, Leach JK, Ferrara K, Gupta R, Cvetkovic D, Ma C, Chen L, Haase S, Zidowitz S, Melzer A, Preusser T, Lee HL, Hsu FC, Kuo CC, Jeng SC, Chen TH, Yang NY, Chiou JF, Jeng SC, Kao YT, Pan CH, Wu JF, Chen TH, Hsu FC, Lee HL, Chiou JF, Hsu FC, Tsai YC, Lee HL, Chiou JF, Johnson S, Parker D, Payne A, Li D, He Y, Mihcin S, Karakitsios I, Strehlow J, Schwenke M, Haase S, Demedts D, Levy Y, Preusser T, Melzer A, Mihcin S, Rothluebbers S, Karakitsios I, Xiao X, Strehlow J, Demedts D, Cavin I, Sat G, Preusser T, Melzer A, Minalga E, Payne A, Merrill R, Parker D, Hadley R, Ramaekers P, Ries M, Moonen C, de Greef M, Shahriari K, Parvizi MH, Asadnia K, Chamanara M, Kamrava SK, Chabok HR, Schwenke M, Strehlow J, Demedts D, Tanner C, Rothluebbers S, Preusser T, Strehlow J, Stein R, Demedts D, Schwenke M, Rothluebbers S, Preusser T, Demedts D, Haase S, Muller S, Strehlow J, Langø T, Preusser T, Tan J, Zachiu C, Ramaekers P, Moonen C, Ries M, Wolfram F, Güllmar D, Schubert H, Lesser TG, Erasmus HP, Colas EC, Waspe A, Mougenot C, Looi T, Van Arsdell G, Benson L, Drake J, Jang KW, Tu TW, Jikaria N, Nagle M, Angstadt M, Lewis B, Qureshi F, Burks S, Frank J, McLean H, Payne A, Hoogenboom M, Eikelenboom D, den Brok M, Wesseling P, Heerschap A, Fütterer J, Adema G, Wang K, Zhang Y, Zhong P, Xiao X, Joy J, McLeod H, Melzer A, Bing C, Staruch R, Nofiele J, Szczepanski D, Staruch MW, Laetsch T, Chopra R, Bing C, Staruch R, Yarmolenko P, Celik H, Nofiele J, Szczepanski D, Kim P, Kim H, Lewis M, Chopra R, Shah R, Ozhinsky E, Rieke V, Bucknor M, Diederich C, Salgaonkar V, Jones P, Adams M, Ozilgen A, Zahos P, Coughlin D, Tang X, Lotz J, Jedruszczuk K, Gulati A, Solomon S, Kaye E, Fielden S, Mugler J, Miller W, Pauly KB, Meyer C, Barbato G, Scoarughi GL, Corso C, Gorgone A, Migliore IG, Larrabee Z, Hananel A, Eames M, Aubry JF, Eranki A, Farr N, Partanen A, Sharma K, Yarmolenko P, Wood B, Kim P, Farr N, Kothapalli SVVN, Eranki A, Negussie A, Wilson E, Seifabadi R, Kim P, Chen H, Wood B, Partanen A, Moon H, Kang J, Sim C, Chang JH, Kim H, Lee HJ, Sasaki N, Takiguchi M, Sebeke L, Luo X, de Jager B, Heemels M, Heijman E, Grüll H, Strehlow J, Schwenke M, Demedts D. 5th International Symposium on Focused Ultrasound. J Ther Ultrasound 2016. [PMCID: PMC5123388 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bergmann E, Zur G, Bershadsky G, Kahn I. The Organization of Mouse and Human Cortico-Hippocampal Networks Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:4497-4512. [PMID: 27797832 PMCID: PMC5193145 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the hippocampal memory system has been relatively conserved across mammals, the cerebral cortex has undergone massive expansion. A central question in brain evolution is how cortical development affected the nature of cortical inputs to the hippocampus. To address this question, we compared cortico-hippocampal connectivity using intrinsic functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in awake mice and humans. We found that fcMRI recapitulates anatomical connectivity, demonstrating sensory mapping within the mouse parahippocampal region. Moreover, we identified a similar topographical modality-specific organization along the longitudinal axis of the mouse hippocampus, indicating that sensory information arriving at the hippocampus is only partly integrated. Finally, comparing cortico-hippocampal connectivity across species, we discovered preferential hippocampal connectivity of sensory cortical networks in mice compared with preferential connectivity of association cortical networks in humans. Supporting this observation in humans but not in mice, sensory and association cortical networks are connected to spatially distinct subregions within the parahippocampal region. Collectively, these findings indicate that sensory cortical networks are coupled to the mouse but not the human hippocampal memory system, suggesting that the emergence of expanded and new association areas in humans resulted in the rerouting of cortical information flow and dissociation of primary sensory cortices from the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Bergmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Gil Zur
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Guy Bershadsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Farah N, Levinsky A, Brosh I, Kahn I, Shoham S. Holographic fiber bundle system for patterned optogenetic activation of large-scale neuronal networks. Neurophotonics 2015; 2:045002. [PMID: 26793741 PMCID: PMC4717229 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.4.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic perturbation has become a fundamental tool in controlling activity in neurons. Used to control activity in cell cultures, slice preparations, anesthetized and awake behaving animals, optical control of cell-type specific activity enables the interrogation of complex systems. A remaining challenge in developing optical control tools is the ability to produce defined light patterns such that power-efficient, precise control of neuronal populations is obtained. Here, we describe a system for patterned stimulation that enables the generation of structured activity in neurons by transmitting optical patterns from computer-generated holograms through an optical fiber bundle. The system couples the optical system to versatile fiber bundle configurations, including coherent or incoherent bundles composed of hundreds of up to several meters long fibers. We describe the components of the system, a method for calibration, and a detailed power efficiency and spatial specificity quantification. Next, we use the system to precisely control single-cell activity as measured by extracellular electrophysiological recordings in ChR2-expressing cortical cell cultures. The described system complements recent descriptions of optical control systems, presenting a system suitable for high-resolution spatiotemporal optical control of wide-area neural networks in vitro and in vivo, yielding a tool for precise neural system interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairouz Farah
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Bar Ilan University, Optometry Department, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexandra Levinsky
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion Autonomous Systems Program, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbar Brosh
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Shy Shoham, E-mail:
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Moore C, Kahn I. Causal Control of Biological Systems with Light. Neurophotonics 2015; 2:031201. [PMID: 26504888 PMCID: PMC4617376 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.3.031201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Moore
- Department of Neuroscience and Brown Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Box GL-NProvidence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Haifa, Israel 32000
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Gerraty RT, Davidow JY, Wimmer GE, Kahn I, Shohamy D. Transfer of learning relates to intrinsic connectivity between hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and large-scale networks. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11297-303. [PMID: 25143610 PMCID: PMC4138340 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0185-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An important aspect of adaptive learning is the ability to flexibly use past experiences to guide new decisions. When facing a new decision, some people automatically leverage previously learned associations, while others do not. This variability in transfer of learning across individuals has been demonstrated repeatedly and has important implications for understanding adaptive behavior, yet the source of these individual differences remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unknown why such variability in transfer emerges even among homogeneous groups of young healthy participants who do not vary on other learning-related measures. Here we hypothesized that individual differences in the transfer of learning could be related to relatively stable differences in intrinsic brain connectivity, which could constrain how individuals learn. To test this, we obtained a behavioral measure of memory-based transfer outside of the scanner and on a separate day acquired resting-state functional MRI images in 42 participants. We then analyzed connectivity across independent component analysis-derived brain networks during rest, and tested whether intrinsic connectivity in learning-related networks was associated with transfer. We found that individual differences in transfer were related to intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and between these regions and large-scale functional brain networks. Together, the findings demonstrate a novel role for intrinsic brain dynamics in flexible learning-guided behavior, both within a set of functionally specific regions known to be important for learning, as well as between these regions and the default and frontoparietal networks, which are thought to serve more general cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael T Gerraty
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027
| | - G Elliott Wimmer
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University New York, New York 10027,
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Pluciniczak J, Kahn I, Ayers J. Anti-Mullerian Hormone levels and blastocyst quality in young women with ‘‘unexplained infertility’’. Fertil Steril 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kahn I, Knoblich U, Desai M, Bernstein J, Graybiel AM, Boyden ES, Buckner RL, Moore CI. Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI signals that are correlated with spiking activity. Brain Res 2013; 1511:33-45. [PMID: 23523914 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Local fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal serve as the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Understanding the correlation between distinct aspects of neural activity and the BOLD response is fundamental to the interpretation of this widely used mapping signal. Analysis of this question requires the ability to precisely manipulate the activity of defined neurons. To achieve such control, we combined optogenetic drive of neocortical neurons with high-resolution (9.4 T) rodent fMRI and detailed analysis of neurophysiological data. Light-driven activation of pyramidal neurons resulted in a positive BOLD response at the stimulated site. To help differentiate the neurophysiological correlate(s) of the BOLD response, we employed light trains of the same average frequency, but with periodic and Poisson distributed pulse times. These different types of pulse trains generated dissociable patterns of single-unit, multi-unit and local field potential (LFP) activity, and of BOLD signals. The BOLD activity exhibited the strongest correlation to spiking activity with increasing rates of stimulation, and, to a first approximation, was linear with pulse delivery rate, while LFP activity showed a weaker correlation. These data provide an example of a strong correlation between spike rate and the BOLD response. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Optogenetics (7th BRES).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kahn
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Kahn I, Shohamy D. Intrinsic connectivity between the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area in humans. Hippocampus 2012; 23:187-92. [PMID: 23129267 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that memory formation in the hippocampus is modulated by the motivational significance of events, allowing past experience to adaptively guide behavior. The effects of motivation on memory are thought to depend on interactions between the hippocampus, the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Indeed, animal studies reveal anatomical pathways for circuit-level interaction between these regions. However, a homologue circuit connectivity in humans remains to be shown. We characterized this circuitry in humans by exploiting spontaneous low-frequency modulations in the fMRI signal (termed resting-state functional connectivity), which are thought to reflect functionally related regions and their organization into functional networks in the brain. We examined connectivity in this network across two datasets (hi-resolution, n = 100; standard resolution, n = 894). Results reveal convergent connectivity between the hippocampus, and both the NAcc and the VTA centered on ventral regions in the body of the hippocampus. Additionally, we found individual differences in the strength of connectivity within this network. Together, these results provide a novel task-independent characterization of circuitry underlying interactions between the hippocampus, NAcc, and VTA and provide a framework with which to understand how connectivity might reflect and constrain the effects of motivation on memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kahn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Rappaport Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Admon R, Lubin G, Rosenblatt JD, Stern O, Kahn I, Assaf M, Hendler T. Imbalanced Neural Responsivity to Risk and Reward Indicates Stress Vulnerability in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:28-35. [PMID: 22291028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roee Admon
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
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Stevens WD, Kahn I, Wig GS, Schacter DL. Hemispheric asymmetry of visual scene processing in the human brain: evidence from repetition priming and intrinsic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:1935-49. [PMID: 21968568 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical specialization of cognitive processes across the cerebral hemispheres is a hallmark of healthy brain development and an important evolutionary trait underlying higher cognition in humans. While previous research, including studies of priming, divided visual field presentation, and split-brain patients, demonstrates a general pattern of right/left asymmetry of form-specific versus form-abstract visual processing, little is known about brain organization underlying this dissociation. Here, using repetition priming of complex visual scenes and high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we demonstrate asymmetrical form specificity of visual processing between the right and left hemispheres within a region known to be critical for processing of visual spatial scenes (parahippocampal place area [PPA]). Next, we use resting-state functional connectivity MRI analyses to demonstrate that this functional asymmetry is associated with differential intrinsic activity correlations of the right versus left PPA with regions critically involved in perceptual versus conceptual processing, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the PPA comprises lateralized subregions across the cerebral hemispheres that are engaged in functionally dissociable yet complementary components of visual scene analysis. Furthermore, this functional asymmetry is associated with differential intrinsic functional connectivity of the PPA with distinct brain areas known to mediate dissociable cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dale Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Desai M, Kahn I, Knoblich U, Bernstein J, Atallah H, Yang A, Kopell N, Buckner RL, Graybiel AM, Moore CI, Boyden ES. Mapping brain networks in awake mice using combined optical neural control and fMRI. J Neurophysiol 2010; 105:1393-405. [PMID: 21160013 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00828.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviors and brain disorders involve neural circuits that are widely distributed in the brain. The ability to map the functional connectivity of distributed circuits, and to assess how this connectivity evolves over time, will be facilitated by methods for characterizing the network impact of activating a specific subcircuit, cell type, or projection pathway. We describe here an approach using high-resolution blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) of the awake mouse brain-to measure the distributed BOLD response evoked by optical activation of a local, defined cell class expressing the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). The utility of this opto-fMRI approach was explored by identifying known cortical and subcortical targets of pyramidal cells of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and by analyzing how the set of regions recruited by optogenetically driven SI activity differs between the awake and anesthetized states. Results showed positive BOLD responses in a distributed network that included secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), primary motor cortex (MI), caudoputamen (CP), and contralateral SI (c-SI). Measures in awake compared with anesthetized mice (0.7% isoflurane) showed significantly increased BOLD response in the local region (SI) and indirectly stimulated regions (SII, MI, CP, and c-SI), as well as increased BOLD signal temporal correlations between pairs of regions. These collective results suggest opto-fMRI can provide a controlled means for characterizing the distributed network downstream of a defined cell class in the awake brain. Opto-fMRI may find use in examining causal links between defined circuit elements in diverse behaviors and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Desai
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Neuroimaging experiments in humans suggest that regions in parietal cortex and along the posterior midline are functionally connected to the medial temporal lobe and are active during memory retrieval. It is unknown whether macaques have a similar network. We examined functional connectivity in isoflurane-anesthetized macaques to identify a network associated with posterior parahippocampal cortex (PPHC). Functional connectivity was observed between the PPHC and retrosplenial, posterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex. PPHC correlations were distinct from regions in parietal and temporal cortex activated by an oculomotor task. Comparison of macaque and human PPHC correlations revealed similarities that suggest the temporal-parietal region identified in the macaque may share a common lineage with human Brodmann area 39, a region thought to be involved in recollection. These results suggest that macaques and humans may have homologous PPHC-parietal pathways. By specifying the location of the putative macaque homologue in parietal cortex, we provide a target for future physiological exploration of this area's role in mnemonic or alternative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Vincent
- 1Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Vincent JL, Kahn I, Snyder AZ, Raichle ME, Buckner RL. Evidence for a frontoparietal control system revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:3328-42. [PMID: 18799601 PMCID: PMC2604839 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90355.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1271] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two functionally distinct, and potentially competing, brain networks have been recently identified that can be broadly distinguished by their contrasting roles in attention to the external world versus internally directed mentation involving long-term memory. At the core of these two networks are the dorsal attention system and the hippocampal-cortical memory system, a component of the brain's default network. Here spontaneous blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlations were used in three separate functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets (n = 105) to define a third system, the frontoparietal control system, which is spatially interposed between these two previously defined systems. The frontoparietal control system includes many regions identified as supporting cognitive control and decision-making processes including lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. Detailed analysis of frontal and parietal cortex, including use of high-resolution data, revealed clear evidence for contiguous but distinct regions: in general, the regions associated with the frontoparietal control system are situated between components of the dorsal attention and hippocampal-cortical memory systems. The frontoparietal control system is therefore anatomically positioned to integrate information from these two opposing brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Vincent
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Assaf M, Kahn I, Pearlson GD, Johnson MR, Yeshurun Y, Calhoun VD, Hendler T. Brain Activity Dissociates Mentalization from Motivation During an Interpersonal Competitive Game. Brain Imaging Behav 2008; 3:24-37. [PMID: 20072709 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-008-9047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrating selective brain networks subserving motivation and mentalization (i.e. attributing states of mind to others) during social interactions have not investigated their mutual independence. We report the results of two fMRI studies using a competitive game requiring players to use implicit 'on-line' mentalization simultaneously with motivational processes of gains and losses in playing against a human or a computer opponent. We delineate a network, consisting of bilateral temporoparietal junction, temporal pole (TP), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and right fusiform gyrus, which is sensitive to the opponent's response (challenging>not challenging the player) and opponent type (human>computer). This network is similar to a known explicit 'off-line' mentalization circuit, suggesting its additional involvement in implicit 'on-line' mentalization, a process more applicable to real-life social interactions. Importantly, only MPFC and TP were selective to mentalization compared to motivation, highlighting their specific operation in attributing states of mind to others during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Ave., Hartford, CT 06106, USA
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Kahn I, Andrews-Hanna JR, Vincent JL, Snyder AZ, Buckner RL. Distinct cortical anatomy linked to subregions of the medial temporal lobe revealed by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol 2008; 100:129-39. [PMID: 18385483 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00077.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus and adjacent cortical structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribute to memory through interactions with distributed brain areas. Studies of monkey and rodent anatomy suggest that parallel pathways converge on distinct subregions of the MTL. To explore the cortical areas linked to subregions of the MTL in humans, we examined cortico-cortical and hippocampal-cortical correlations using high-resolution, functional connectivity analysis in 100 individuals. MTL seed regions extended along the anterior to posterior axis and included hippocampus and adjacent structures. Results revealed two separate brain pathways that correlated with distinct subregions within the MTL. The body of the hippocampus and posterior parahippocampal cortex correlated with lateral parietal cortex, regions along the posterior midline including posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, and ventral medial prefrontal cortex. By contrast, anterior hippocampus and the perirhinal/entorhinal cortices correlated with distinct regions in the lateral temporal cortex extending into the temporal pole. The present results are largely consistent with known connectivity in the monkey and provide a novel task-independent dissociation of the parallel pathways supporting the MTL memory system in humans. The cortical pathways include regions that have undergone considerable areal expansion in humans, providing insight into how the MTL memory system has evolved to support a diverse array of cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Kahn
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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Kuhl BA, Dudukovic NM, Kahn I, Wagner AD. Decreased demands on cognitive control reveal the neural processing benefits of forgetting. Nat Neurosci 2007; 10:908-14. [PMID: 17558403 DOI: 10.1038/nn1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Remembering often requires the selection of goal-relevant memories in the face of competition from irrelevant memories. Although there is a cost of selecting target memories over competing memories (increased forgetting of the competing memories), here we report neural evidence for the adaptive benefits of forgetting--namely, reduced demands on cognitive control during future acts of remembering. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during selective retrieval showed that repeated retrieval of target memories was accompanied by dynamic reductions in the engagement of functionally coupled cognitive control mechanisms that detect (anterior cingulate cortex) and resolve (dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) mnemonic competition. Strikingly, regression analyses revealed that this prefrontal disengagement tracked the extent to which competing memories were forgotten; greater forgetting of competing memories was associated with a greater decline in demands on prefrontal cortex during target remembering. These findings indicate that, although forgetting can be frustrating, memory might be adaptive because forgetting confers neural processing benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A Kuhl
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Jordan Hall, Building 420, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Gonsalves BD, Kahn I, Curran T, Norman KA, Wagner AD. Memory strength and repetition suppression: multimodal imaging of medial temporal cortical contributions to recognition. Neuron 2005; 47:751-61. [PMID: 16129403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Declarative memory permits an organism to recognize stimuli that have been previously encountered, discriminating them from those that are novel. One basis for recognition is item memory strength, which may support the perception of stimulus familiarity. Though the medial temporal lobes are known to be critical for declarative memory, at present the neural mechanisms supporting perceived differences in memory strength remain poorly specified. Here, functional MRI (fMRI) and anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography (MEG) indexed correlates of graded memory strength in the human brain, focusing on medial temporal cortex. fMRI revealed a decrease in medial temporal cortical activation that tracked parametric levels of perceived memory strength. Anatomically constrained MEG current estimates revealed that strength-dependent signal reductions onset within 150-300 ms. Memory strength appears to be rapidly signaled by medial temporal cortex through repetition suppression (activation reductions), providing a basis for the subjective perception of stimulus familiarity or novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Gonsalves
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Wagner AD, Shannon BJ, Kahn I, Buckner RL. Parietal lobe contributions to episodic memory retrieval. Trends Cogn Sci 2005; 9:445-53. [PMID: 16054861 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 06/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the parietal lobe is not traditionally thought to support declarative memory, recent event-related fMRI studies of episodic retrieval have consistently revealed a range of memory-related influences on activation in lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and precuneus extending into posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. This article surveys the fMRI literature on PPC activation during remembering, a literature that complements earlier electroencephalography data. We consider these recent memory-related fMRI responses within the context of classical ideas about parietal function that emphasize space-based attention and motor intention. We conclude by proposing three hypotheses concerning how parietal cortex might contribute to memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Wagner
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kahn I, Pascual-Leone A, Theoret H, Fregni F, Clark D, Wagner AD. Transient disruption of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during verbal encoding affects subsequent memory performance. J Neurophysiol 2005; 94:688-98. [PMID: 15758048 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01335.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory supports conscious remembrance of everyday experience. Prior functional neuroimaging data indicate that episodic encoding during phonological task performance is correlated with activation in bilateral posterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (pVLPFC), although uncertainty remains regarding whether these prefrontal regions make necessary contributions to episodic memory formation. Using functional MRI data to guide application of single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS), this study examined the necessity of left and right pVLPFC for episodic encoding (as expressed through subsequent memory performance). To assess the timing of critical computations, pVLPFC function was transiently disrupted at different poststimulus onset times while subjects made syllable decisions about visually presented familiar and unfamiliar words; subsequent memory for these stimuli was measured. Results revealed that left pVLPFC disruption during encoding of familiar words impaired subsequent memory, expressed as a decline in recognition confidence, with disruption being maximal at 380 ms after stimulus onset. In contrast, right pVLPFC disruption facilitated subsequent memory for familiar words, expressed as an increase in medium confidence recognition, with this facilitation being maximal at 380 ms. Finally, phonological (syllable) decision accuracy was facilitated by right pVLPFC disruption, with this effect being maximal at 340 ms, but was unaffected by left pVLPFC disruption. These findings suggest that left pVLPFC mechanisms onset between 300 and 400 ms during phonological processing of words, with these mechanisms appearing necessary for effective episodic encoding. In contrast, disruption of correlated mechanisms in right pVLPFC facilitates encoding, perhaps by inducing a functional shift in the mechanisms engaged during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Kahn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, California, USA.
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Abstract
Recognition decisions can be based on familiarity, the sense that an item was encountered previously (item memory), and on recollection, the conscious recovery of contextual information surrounding a previous encounter with the item (e.g., source memory). Recognition with recollection is thought to depend on multiple mechanisms, including prefrontal "control" processes that guide retrieval and recapitulation mechanisms that reactivate posterior neocortical representations that were present at encoding. However, uncertainty remains regarding the precise nature of prefrontal contributions to recollection and the selectivity of recapitulation to veridical recollection. The present event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study sought to examine whether regions showing "old-new" effects support processes sensitive to recollection success or recollection attempt and whether recapitulation of neocortical representations emerge during veridical recollection as well as during false recognition (i.e., false alarms) or whether false recognition resembles familiarity-based responding. Results revealed that multiple left prefrontal cortical regions were engaged during attempts to recollect previous contextual (source) details, regardless of the nature of the to-be-recollected details and of source recollection outcome (successful vs unsuccessful). Recapitulation effects were observed in regions sensitive to the encoding task, suggesting that veridical recollection entails the reactivation of processes or representations present during encoding. Importantly, in contrast to leading models of recognition memory, false alarms also appeared to be based partially on recollection, as revealed through false recapitulation effects. Implications for neural and cognitive models of recognition are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Kahn
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2130, USA.
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Abstract
Behavior is often governed by abstract rules or instructions for behavior that can be abstracted from one context and applied to another. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to be important for representing rules, although the contributions of ventrolateral (VLPFC) and dorsolateral (DLPFC) regions remain under-specified. In the present study, event-related fMRI was used to examine abstract rule representation in humans. Prior to scanning, subjects learned to associate unfamiliar shapes and nonwords with particular rules. During each fMRI trial, presentation of one of these cues was followed by a delay and then by sample and probe stimuli. Match and non-match rules required subjects to indicate whether or not the sample and probe matched; go rules required subjects to make a response that was not contingent on the sample/probe relation. Left VLPFC, parietal cortex, and pre-SMA exhibited sensitivity to rule type during the cue and delay periods. Delay-period activation in these regions, but not DLPFC, was greater when subjects had to maintain response contingencies (match, non-match) relative to when the cue signaled a specific response (go). In contrast, left middle temporal cortex exhibited rule sensitivity during the cue but not delay period. These results support the hypothesis that VLPFC interacts with temporal cortex to retrieve semantic information associated with a cue and with parietal cortex to retrieve and maintain relevant response contingencies across delays. Future investigations of cross-regional interactions will enable full assessment of this account. Collectively, these results demonstrate that multiple, neurally separable processes are recruited during abstract rule representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Bunge
- Psychology Department and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Ben-Shachar M, Hendler T, Kahn I, Ben-Bashat D, Grodzinsky Y. The neural reality of syntactic transformations: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Psychol Sci 2003; 14:433-40. [PMID: 12930473 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9280.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional anatomy of syntactic transformations, a major computational operation invoked in sentence processing, was identified through a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. A grammaticality judgment task was used, presented through a novel hidden-blocks design. Subjects listened to transformational and nontransformational sentences in which a host of other complexity generators (number of words, prepositions, embeddings, etc.) were kept constant. A series of analyses revealed that the neural processing of transformations is localizable, evoking a highly lateralized and localized activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's region) and bilateral activation in the posterior superior temporal sulcus. The pattern of activation associated with transformational analysis was distinct from the one observed in neighboring regions, and anatomically separable from the effects of verb complexity, which yielded significant activation in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus. Taken together with neuropsychological evidence, these results uncover the neural reality of syntactic transformations.
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Hendler T, Rotshtein P, Yeshurun Y, Weizmann T, Kahn I, Ben-Bashat D, Malach R, Bleich A. Sensing the invisible: differential sensitivity of visual cortex and amygdala to traumatic context. Neuroimage 2003; 19:587-600. [PMID: 12880790 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To what extent does emotional traumatic context affect sensory processing in the brain? A striking example of emotional impact on sensation is manifested in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which a severe emotional trauma produces recurrent and vivid unpleasant sensory recollections. Here we report on an fMRI study exploring the sensory processing of trauma-related pictures in the visual cortex and amygdala in respect to PTSD. The impact of traumatic experience on brain responses was tested in relation to stimuli content and its level of recognition in a parametric factorial design. Twenty combat veterans, 10 with and 10 without PTSD, viewed backward-masked images of combat and noncombat content, presented at below, near, and above recognition thresholds. The response to combat content evoked more activation in the visual cortex in PTSD subjects than in non-PTSD subjects, only when images were presented at below recognition threshold. By contrast, the amygdala demonstrated increased activation in PTSD subjects irrespective of content and recognition threshold of the images. These intriguing findings are compatible with the notion that in PTSD, emotional traumatic experience could modify visual processing already at the preattentive level. On the other hand, lack of content specificity in the amygdala point to a possible predisposed mechanism for pathological processing of traumatic experience. The differential sensitivity of the amygdala and visual cortex to traumatic context implies distinct roles of limbic and sensory regions in the registration and recollection of emotional experience in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talma Hendler
- Functional Brain Imaging Laboratory, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
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Abstract
Can brain activity reveal a covert choice? Making a choice often evokes distinct emotions that accompany decision processes. Amygdala has been implicated in choice behavior that is guided by a prospective negative outcome. However, its specific involvement in emotional versus cognitive processing of choice behavior has been a subject of controversy. In this study, the human amygdala was monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects were playing in a naturalistic choice paradigm against the experimenter. In order to win, players had to occasionally choose to bluff their opponent, risk "getting caught," and suffer a loss. A critical period, when choice has been made but outcome was still unknown, activated the amygdala preferentially following the choice that entailed risk of loss. Thus, the response of the amygdala differentiated between subject's covert choice of either playing fair or foul. These results support a role of the amygdala in choice behavior, both in the appraisal of inherent value of choice and the signaling of prospective negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Kahn
- Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hendler T, Rotshtein P, Yeshurun Y, Weizmann T, Bashat DB, Kahn I, Malach R, Bleich A. The effect of perceptual threshold on brain processing of combat related visual stimuli in veterans. Neuroimage 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
In two studies, one involving a lower-division psychology course and the other involving an upper-division psychology course, students who missed required examinations had lower test scores, quiz scores, comprehensive final test scores, and attendance than students who did not miss required examinations. In addition, students in the upper-division psychology course who missed required examinations had a lower mean makeup examination test score than on their required examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kahn
- Social Sciences Department, Ferris State University, 820 Campus Drive, ASC 2108, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA.
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Kahn I, Hendler T, Fried I, Ben-Bashat D, Yeshurun Y. Playing it safe or taking a risk: evoking the human amygdala. Neuroimage 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
Blunted responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation have been found consistently in depressed patients, and have been reported in other affective disorders as well. In a smaller number of schizophrenic subjects, TRH tests have generally been normal. Thus, it has been suggested that this test may have diagnostic utility in distinguishing schizophrenia from affective disorders. In the present study the TRH test was performed upon a sample of 51 subjects that included 17 schizophrenics in order to further study the diagnostic or symptom specificity of this endocrine test. Abnormal TRH tests were present in both schizophrenic and affectively disturbed patients. There were no correlations with ratings of depression or other aspects of psychopathology. Factors which may have previously obscured abnormal TRH tests in schizophrenia are discussed.
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Abstract
The authors describe the case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with parkinsonian syndrome associated with chronic subdural hematoma. Gradual disappearance of the symptomatology followed removal of the hematoma. Chronic subdural hematoma may in rare instances cause a parkinsonian syndrome, probably by a pressure effect on basal ganglia structures or by altering the function of neurotransmitters.
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Abstract
The 83-year-old woman in this case report developed paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations in association with toxic serum levels of digoxin, while remaining alert, unagitated, and coherent in thinking. No cardiovascular or metabolic abnormalities were discovered to account for her psychiatric symptoms. Her mental status rapidly returned to normal as serum digoxin declined to therapeutic levels.
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Abstract
Following a labeled case of a group conversion reaction, the authors attempted to re-investigate the plausibility of an hysterical personality. 96 students, including those who manifested the symptoms, were administered 100 items from the MMPI, including the Hysteria scale (No. 3). Chi square analysis showed significactly more females manifested hysterical physical symptoms than males, while the over-all analysis of variance, although in the expected direction for females, indicated no significant sources. Results supported the traditional view of hysteria being a “female syndrome” but were equivocal concerning “personality view” that a particular personality leads to a specific set of symptoms.
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Azulay RD, Kahn I. Comparative experimental study of sensitivity to tuberculin and lepromin in guinea-pigs previously inoculated with BCG by oral and intradermal routes. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1970; 38:373-8. [PMID: 5534492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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