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Tian T, Fang J, Liu D, Qin Y, Zhu H, Li J, Li Y, Zhu W. Long-term effects of childhood single-parent family structure on brain connectivity and psychological well-being. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00887-6. [PMID: 38809332 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The high and increasing proportion of single-parent families is considered a risk factor associated with various childhood trauma experiences. Consequently, concerns have been raised regarding the potential long-term effects of the childhood single-parent family structure. In this study, we employed advanced magnetic resonance imaging technology, including morphometric similarity mapping, functional connectivity density, and network-based analysis, to investigate brain connectivity and behavioral differences among young adults who were raised in single-parent families. Our study also aimed to explore the relationship between these differences and childhood trauma experiences. The results showed that individuals who grew up in single-parent families exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and harm-avoidant personality. The multimodal MRI analysis further showed differences in regional and network-based connectivity properties in the single-parent family group, including increased functional connectivity density in the left inferior parietal lobule, enhanced cortical structural connectivity between the left isthmus cingulate cortex and peri-calcarine cortex, and an increase in temporal functional connectivity. Moreover, elevated levels of anxiety and depression, along with heightened functional connectivity density in the left inferior parietal lobule and increased temporal functional connectivity, were found to be correlated with a greater number of childhood trauma experiences. Through analyzing multiple data patterns, our study provides objective neuropsychobiological evidence for the enduring impact of childhood single-parent family structure on psychiatric vulnerability in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Heyn SA, Herringa RJ, Ersig AL. Differential Cortical Volume and Surface Morphometry in Youth With Chronic Health Conditions. Biol Res Nurs 2024; 26:115-124. [PMID: 37579190 PMCID: PMC10850874 DOI: 10.1177/10998004231195294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Up to 1 in 3 youth in the United States have a childhood-onset chronic health condition (CHC), which can lead to neurodevelopmental disruptions in cognitive functioning and brain structure. However, the nature and extent of structural neurobiomarkers that may be consistent across a broad spectrum of CHCs are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify potential differences in brain structure in youth with and without chronic physical health conditions (e.g., diabetes, hemophilia). Here, 49 T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were obtained from youth with (n = 26) and without (n = 23) CHCs. Images were preprocessed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to generate whole-brain voxel-wise gray matter volume maps and whole-brain extracted estimates of cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Multi-scanner harmonization was implemented on surface-based estimates and linear models were used to estimate significant main effects of the group. We detected widespread decreases in brain structure in youth with CHCs as compared to controls in regions of the prefrontal, cingulate, and visual association areas. The insula exhibited the opposite effect, with cases having increased surface area as compared to controls. To our knowledge, these findings identify a novel structural biomarker of childhood-onset CHCs, with consistent alterations identified in gray matter of regions in the prefrontal cortex and insula involved in emotion regulation and executive function. These findings, while exploratory, may reflect an impact of chronic health stress in the adolescent brain, and suggest that more comprehensive assessment of stress and neurodevelopment in youth with CHCs may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan J. Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne L. Ersig
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Russell JD, Heyn SA, Herringa RJ. Through a Developmental Lens: Emerging Insights to Understand and Treat Pediatric PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 2023; 180:636-644. [PMID: 37654114 PMCID: PMC10636806 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Sara A Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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4
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Zhou CH, Xue F, Shi QQ, Xue SS, Zhang T, Ma XX, Yu LS, Liu C, Wang HN, Peng ZW. The Impact of Electroacupuncture Early Intervention on the Brain Lipidome in a Mouse Model of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:812479. [PMID: 35221914 PMCID: PMC8866946 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.812479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been well studied; growing evidence suggests that changes in lipid composition may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may be a target for treatment. However, the influence of early EA intervention on brain lipid composition in patients with PTSD has never been investigated. Using a modified single prolonged stress (mSPS) model in mice, we assessed the anti-PTSD-like effects of early intervention using EA and evaluated changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach. mSPS induced changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, notably in the content of sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acyls. These lipid changes were more robust than those observed in the PFC. Early intervention with EA after mSPS ameliorated PTSD-like behaviors and partly normalized mSPS-induced lipid changes, notably in the hippocampus. Cumulatively, our data suggest that EA may reverse mSPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors due to region-specific regulation of the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing-Qing Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shan-Shan Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin-Xu Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yu
- Department of General Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua-Ning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hua-Ning Wang,
| | - Zheng-Wu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Zheng-Wu Peng,
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5
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George GC, Keding TJ, Heyn SA, Herringa RJ. Longitudinal hippocampal circuit change differentiates persistence and remission of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:8-18. [PMID: 34843625 PMCID: PMC8763137 DOI: 10.1002/da.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified functional brain abnormalities in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (pPTSD) suggesting altered frontoparietal-subcortical function during emotion processing. However, little is known about how the brain functionally changes over time in recovery versus the persistence of pPTSD. METHODS This longitudinal study recruited 23 youth with PTSD and 28 typically developing (TD) youth (ages: 8.07-17.99). Within the PTSD group, nine remitted by the 1-year follow-up (Remit) while the remaining 14 persisted (PTSD). At each visit, youth completed an emotional processing task in which they viewed threat and neutral images during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Voxelwise activation analyses using linear mixed-effects regression were conducted using a group (TD, Remit, PTSD) by time (baseline, follow-up) by valence (threat, neutral) design. Based on activation findings, a subsequent analysis of hippocampal functional connectivity was performed using a similar model. RESULTS PTSD youth showed significantly increasing hippocampal activation to threatening images compared to TD youth, while the Remit group showed more similar patterns to TD youth. Subsequent hippocampal functional connectivity analyses reveal the Remit group showed increasing functional connectivity between the hippocampus and visual cortex (V4) while viewing threat stimuli. CONCLUSIONS These findings represent one of the first preliminary reports of functional brain substrates of persistence and remission in pPTSD. Notably, increased hippocampal activation to threat and decreased connectivity in the hippocampal-V4 network over time may contribute to persistence in pPTSD. These findings suggest potential biomarkers that could be utilized to advance the treatment of pediatric PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. George
- Neuroscience & Public Policy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Taylor J. Keding
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Sara A. Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Ryan J. Herringa
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
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6
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Deutschmann AU, Kirkland JM, Briand LA. Adolescent social isolation induced alterations in nucleus accumbens glutamate signalling. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13077. [PMID: 34278652 PMCID: PMC9206853 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adversity during early childhood and adolescence increases an individual's vulnerability to developing substance use disorder. Despite the knowledge of this vulnerability, the mechanisms underlying it are still poorly understood. Excitatory afferents to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) mediate responses to both stressful and rewarding stimuli. Understanding how adolescent social isolation alters these afferents could inform the development of targeted interventions both before and after drug use. Here, we used social isolation rearing as a model of early life adversity which we have previously demonstrated increases vulnerability to cocaine addiction-like behaviour. The current study examined the effect of social isolation rearing on presynaptic glutamatergic transmission in NAc medium spiny neurons in both male and female mice. We show that social isolation rearing alters presynaptic plasticity in the NAc by decreasing the paired-pulse ratio and the size of the readily releasable pool of glutamate. Optogenetically activating the glutamatergic input from the ventral hippocampus to the NAc is sufficient to recapitulate the decreases in paired-pulse ratio and readily releasable pool size seen following electrical stimulation of all NAc afferents. Further, optogenetically inhibiting the ventral hippocampal afferent during electrical stimulation eliminates the effect of early life adversity on the paired-pulse ratio or readily releasable pool size. In summary, we demonstrate that social isolation rearing leads to alterations in glutamate transmission driven by projections from the ventral hippocampus. These data suggest that targeting the circuit from the ventral hippocampus to the nucleus accumbens could provide a means to reverse stress-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa A. Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University,Neuroscience Program, Temple University
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7
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Bustamante D, Amstadter AB, Pritikin JN, Brick TR, Neale MC. Associations Between Traumatic Stress, Brain Volumes and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Children: Data from the ABCD Study. Behav Genet 2021; 52:75-91. [PMID: 34860306 PMCID: PMC8860798 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduced volumes in brain regions of interest (ROIs), primarily from adult samples, are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We extended this work to children using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (N = 11,848; Mage = 9.92). Structural equation modeling and an elastic-net (EN) machine-learning approach were used to identify potential effects of traumatic events (TEs) on PTSD symptoms (PTSDsx) directly, and indirectly via the volumes 300 subcortical and cortical ROIs. We then estimated the genetic and environmental variation in the phenotypes. TEs were directly associated with PTSDsx (r = 0.92) in children, but their indirect effects (r < 0.0004)-via the volumes of EN-identified subcortical and cortical ROIs-were negligible at this age. Additive genetic factors explained a modest proportion of the variance in TEs (23.4%) and PTSDsx (21.3%), and accounted for most of the variance of EN-identified volumes of four of the five subcortical (52.4-61.8%) three of the nine cortical ROIs (46.4-53.3%) and cerebral white matter in the left hemisphere (57.4%). Environmental factors explained most of the variance in TEs (C = 61.6%, E = 15.1%), PTSDsx (residual-C = 18.4%, residual-E = 21.8%), right lateral ventricle (C = 15.2%, E = 43.1%) and six of the nine EN-identified cortical ROIs (C = 4.0-13.6%, E = 56.7-74.8%). There is negligible evidence that the volumes of brain ROIs are associated with the indirect effects of TEs on PTSDsx at this age. Overall, environmental factors accounted for more of the variation in TEs and PTSDsx. Whereas additive genetic factors accounted for most of the variability in the volumes of a minority of cortical and in most of subcortical ROIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bustamante
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joshua N Pritikin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Timothy R Brick
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, and Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, 800 E Leigh Street, Biotech One, Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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8
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Keding TJ, Heyn SA, Russell JD, Zhu X, Cisler J, McLaughlin KA, Herringa RJ. Differential Patterns of Delayed Emotion Circuit Maturation in Abused Girls With and Without Internalizing Psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:1026-1036. [PMID: 34407623 PMCID: PMC8570983 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.20081192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood abuse represents one of the most potent risk factors for developing psychopathology, especially in females. Evidence suggests that exposure to early-life adversity may be related to advanced maturation of emotion processing neural circuits. However, it remains unknown whether abuse is related to early circuit maturation and whether maturation patterns depend on the presence of psychopathology. METHODS A multisite sample of 234 girls (ages 8-18 years) completed clinical assessment, maltreatment histories, and high-resolution T1-weighted structural MRI. Girls were stratified by abuse history and internalizing disorder diagnosis into typically developing (no abuse/no diagnosis), resilient (abuse/no diagnosis), and susceptible (abuse/current diagnosis) groups. Machine learning models of normative brain development were aggregated in a stacked generalization framework trained to predict chronological age using gray matter volume in whole-brain, emotion, and language circuit parcellations. Brain age gap estimations (BrainAGEs; predicted age minus true chronological age) were calculated as indices of relative circuit maturation. RESULTS Childhood abuse was related to reduced BrainAGE (delayed maturation) specific to emotion circuits. Delayed emotion circuit BrainAGE was further related to increased hyperarousal symptoms. Childhood physical neglect was associated with increased whole-brain BrainAGE (advanced maturation). Neural contributors to emotion circuit BrainAGE differed in girls with and without an internalizing diagnosis, especially in the lateral prefrontal, parietal, and insular cortices and the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Abuse exposure in girls is associated with a delayed structural maturation pattern specific to emotion circuitry, a potentially adaptive mechanism enhancing threat generalization. Physical neglect, on the other hand, is associated with a broader brain-wide pattern of advanced structural maturation. The differential influence of fronto-parietal cortices and the hippocampus on emotion circuit maturity in resilient girls may represent neurodevelopmental markers of reduced psychiatric risk following abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J. Keding
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sara A. Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin D. Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
| | - Josh Cisler
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Herringa
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health; Madison, WI, USA
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9
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Russell JD, Heyn SA, Dean DC, Herringa RJ. Pediatric PTSD is characterized by age- and sex-related abnormalities in structural connectivity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2217-2223. [PMID: 34285368 PMCID: PMC8505403 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (pPTSD) is a prevalent and pervasive form of mental illness comprising a disparate constellation of psychiatric symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that pPTSD may be characterized by alterations in functional networks traversing the brain. Yet, little is known about pathological changes in the structural tracts underlying functional connectivity. In adults, PTSD is linked to widespread change in white matter integrity throughout the brain, yet similar studies with youth populations have yet to be conducted. Current understanding of the nature and treatment of pPTSD may be enhanced by examining alterations in white matter, while further untangling effects of age and sex. Here, we assess the microstructure of 12 major white matter tracts in a sample of well-phenotyped youth with PTSD. Measures of fractional anisotropy were derived from diffusion tensor images acquired from 82 unmediated youth (ages 8-18), of whom 39 met criteria for pPTSD. Diagnosis of pPTSD was linked to remarkable age- and sex-linked differences in the microstructure of major white matter tracts including the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In each case, youth with PTSD show an absence of increased white matter integrity with age, suggesting an altered pattern of neurodevelopment that may contribute to persistence or worsening of illness. Broadly, our results suggest abnormal white matter development in pediatric PTSD, a finding which may contribute to illness persistence, comorbidity with other disorders, and poorer prognosis across time. Critically, these findings further speak to the nature of pPTSD as a 'whole-brain' disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, USA
| | - Sara A Heyn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, USA
| | - Doug C Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, USA.
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10
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Roeckner AR, Oliver KI, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Stevens JS. Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:508. [PMID: 34611129 PMCID: PMC8492865 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience in the face of major life stressors is changeable over time and with experience. Accordingly, differing sets of neurobiological factors may contribute to an adaptive stress response before, during, and after the stressor. Longitudinal studies are therefore particularly effective in answering questions about the determinants of resilience. Here we provide an overview of the rapidly-growing body of longitudinal neuroimaging research on stress resilience. Despite lingering gaps and limitations, these studies are beginning to reveal individual differences in neural circuit structure and function that appear protective against the emergence of future psychopathology following a major life stressor. Here we outline a neural circuit model of resilience to trauma. Specifically, pre-trauma biomarkers of resilience show that an ability to modulate activity within threat and salience networks predicts fewer stress-related symptoms. In contrast, early post-trauma biomarkers of subsequent resilience or recovery show a more complex pattern, spanning a number of major circuits including attention and cognitive control networks as well as primary sensory cortices. This novel synthesis suggests stress resilience may be scaffolded by stable individual differences in the processing of threat cues, and further buttressed by post-trauma adaptations to the stressor that encompass multiple mechanisms and circuits. More attention and resources supporting this work will inform the targets and timing of mechanistic resilience-boosting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Roeckner
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn I. Oliver
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Lauren A. M. Lebois
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XDivision of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sanne J. H. van Rooij
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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11
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Garrett AS, Abazid L, Cohen JA, van der Kooij A, Carrion V, Zhang W, Jo B, Franklin C, Blader J, Zack S, Reiss AL, Agras WS. Changes in Brain Volume Associated with Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Youth with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:744-756. [PMID: 33881197 PMCID: PMC9676083 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated group differences and longitudinal changes in brain volume before and after trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) in 20 unmedicated youth with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 20 non-trauma-exposed healthy control (HC) participants. We collected MRI scans of brain anatomy before and after 5 months of TF-CBT or the same time interval for the HC group. FreeSurfer software was used to segment brain images into 95 cortical and subcortical volumes, which were submitted to optimal scaling regression with lasso variable selection. The resulting model of group differences at baseline included larger right medial orbital frontal and left posterior cingulate corticies and smaller right midcingulate and right precuneus corticies in the PTSD relative to the HC group, R2 = .67. The model of group differences in pre- to posttreatment change included greater longitudinal changes in right rostral middle frontal, left pars triangularis, right entorhinal, and left cuneus corticies in the PTSD relative to the HC group, R2 = .69. Within the PTSD group, pre- to posttreatment symptom improvement was modeled by longitudinal decreases in the left posterior cingulate cortex, R2 = .45, and predicted by baseline measures of a smaller right isthmus (retrosplenial) cingulate and larger left caudate, R2 = .77. In sum, treatment was associated with longitudinal changes in brain regions that support executive functioning but not those that discriminated PTSD from HC participants at baseline. Additionally, results confirm a role for the posterior/retrosplenial cingulate as a correlate of PTSD symptom improvement and predictor of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Garrett
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA,Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leen Abazid
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Judith A. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anita van der Kooij
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Methodology and Statistics, University of Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Crystal Franklin
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Blader
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sanno Zack
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allan L. Reiss
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - W. Stewart Agras
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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12
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Grasser LR, Jovanovic T. Safety learning during development: Implications for development of psychopathology. Behav Brain Res 2021; 408:113297. [PMID: 33862062 PMCID: PMC8102395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fear and safety learning are necessary adaptive behaviors that develop over the course of maturation. While there is a large body of literature regarding the neurobiology of fear and safety learning in adults, less is known regarding safety learning during development. Given developmental changes in the brain, there are corresponding changes in safety learning that are quantifiable; these may serve to predict risk and point to treatment targets for fear and anxiety-related disorders in children and adolescents. For healthy, typically developing youth, the main developmental variation observed is reduced discrimination between threat and safety cues in children compared to adolescents and adults, while lower expression of extinction learning is exhibited in adolescents compared to adults. Such distinctions may be related to faster maturation of the amygdala relative to the prefrontal cortex, as well as incompletely developed functional circuits between the two. Fear and anxiety-related disorders, childhood maltreatment, and behavioral problems are all associated with alterations in safety learning for youth, and this dysfunction may proceed into adulthood with corresponding abnormalities in brain structure and function-including amygdala hypertrophy and hyperreactivity. As impaired inhibition of fear to safety may reflect abnormalities in the developing brain and subsequent psychopathology, impaired safety learning may be considered as both a predictor of risk and a treatment target. Longitudinal neuroimaging studies over the course of development, and studies that query change with interventions are needed in order to improve outcomes for individuals and reduce long-term impact of developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ruvolo Grasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Dr, Tolan Park Suite 2C Room 273, Detroit, MI 48201 United States.
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Dr, Tolan Park Suite 2C, Detroit, MI 48201 United States.
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13
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Hilberdink CE, van Zuiden M, Schrantee A, Korosi A, Kaiser A, Zhutovsky P, Ginty AT, Ensink JBM, Lindauer RJL, Vrijkotte TGM, de Rooij SR. Dysregulated functional brain connectivity in response to acute social-evaluative stress in adolescents with PTSD symptoms. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1880727. [PMID: 33968316 PMCID: PMC8075091 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1880727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysregulated neural, cortisol, and cardiac stress reactivity and recovery. This understanding is predominantly based on studies in adults applying emotional-cognitive and trauma-related stimuli inducing negative emotions or perceived threat. Despite large numbers of adolescents with PTSD, few studies are available on neurobiological stress reactivity in this population. Moreover, no previous studies investigated neural reactivity to social-evaluative stress. Objective: To investigate functional brain connectivity, cortisol and cardiac reactivity to acute social-evaluative stress, and additional cortisol measures in trauma-exposed adolescents with and without high PTSD symptoms. Method: A speech preparation task to induce acute social-evaluative stress elicited by anticipatory threat, was used in a subsample of the Amsterdam Born Child and their Development (ABCD) birth cohort, consisting of trauma-exposed adolescents with (n = 20) and without (n = 29) high PTSD symptoms. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were performed to assess group differences in functional connectivity of the hippocampus, mPFC and amygdala during social-evaluative stress and recovery, measured by fMRI. Additionally, perceived stress, heart rate and cortisol stress reactivity and recovery, cortisol awakening response and day curve were compared. Results: The stressor evoked significant changes in heart rate and perceived stress, but not cortisol. The PTSD symptom and control groups differed in functional connectivity between the hippocampus and cerebellum, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, and the mPFC and inferior frontal gyrus during social-evaluative stress versus baseline. Mostly, the same patterns were found during recovery versus baseline. We observed no significant group differences in amygdala connectivity, and cortisol and cardiac measures. Conclusions: Our findings suggest threat processing in response to social-evaluative stress is disrupted in adolescents with PTSD symptoms. Our findings are mainly but not entirely in line with findings in adults with PTSD, which denotes the importance to investigate adolescents with PTSD as a separate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Hilberdink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonia Kaiser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Zhutovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Judith B M Ensink
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JBME, RJLL), Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon J L Lindauer
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JBME, RJLL), Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Cisler JM, Herringa RJ. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Developing Adolescent Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:144-151. [PMID: 32709416 PMCID: PMC7725977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adolescents is common and debilitating. In contrast to adult PTSD, relatively little is known about the neurobiology of adolescent PTSD, nor about how current treatments may alter adolescent neurodevelopment to allow recovery from PTSD. Improving our understanding of biological mechanisms of adolescent PTSD, taken in the context of neurodevelopment, is crucial for developing novel and personalized treatment approaches. In this review, we highlight prevailing constructs of PTSD and current findings on these domains in adolescent PTSD. Notably, little data exist in adolescent PTSD for prominent adult PTSD constructs, including threat learning and attentional threat bias. Most work to date has examined general threat processing, emotion regulation, and their neural substrates. These studies suggest that adolescent PTSD, while phenomenologically similar to adult PTSD, shows unique neurodevelopmental substrates that may impair recovery but could also be targeted in the context of adolescent neuroplasticity to improve outcomes. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal data suggest abnormal frontolimbic development compared with typically developing youths, a pattern that may differ from resilient youths. Whether current treatments such as trauma-focused psychotherapy engage these targets and restore healthy neurodevelopment remains an open question. We end our review by highlighting emerging areas and knowledge gaps that could be addressed to better characterize the biology underlying adolescent PTSD. Emerging studies in computational modeling of decision making, caregiver-related transmission of traumatic stress, and other areas may offer new targets that could harness adolescent neurobehavioral plasticity to improve resilience and recovery for some of our most vulnerable youths.
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15
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Lou T, Ma J, Wang Z, Terakoshi Y, Lee CY, Asher G, Cao L, Chen Z, Sakurai K, Liu Q. Hyper-Activation of mPFC Underlies Specific Traumatic Stress-Induced Sleep-Wake EEG Disturbances. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:883. [PMID: 32973436 PMCID: PMC7461881 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances have been recognized as a core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). However, the neural basis of PTSD-related sleep disturbances remains unclear. It has been challenging to establish the causality link between a specific brain region and traumatic stress-induced sleep abnormalities. Here, we found that single prolonged stress (SPS) could induce acute changes in sleep/wake duration as well as short- and long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in the isogenic mouse model. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) showed persistent high number of c-fos expressing neurons, of which more than 95% are excitatory neurons, during and immediately after SPS. Chemogenetic inhibition of the prelimbic region of mPFC during SPS could specifically reverse the SPS-induced acute suppression of delta power (1–4 Hz EEG) of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) as well as most of long-term EEG abnormalities. These findings suggest a causality link between hyper-activation of mPFC neurons and traumatic stress-induced specific sleep–wake EEG disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lou
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jing Ma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuka Terakoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Greg Asher
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Liqin Cao
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qinghua Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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16
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Ross MC, Cisler JM. Altered large-scale functional brain organization in posttraumatic stress disorder: A comprehensive review of univariate and network-level neurocircuitry models of PTSD. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102319. [PMID: 32622316 PMCID: PMC7334481 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Classical neural circuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are largely derived from univariate activation studies and implicate the fronto-limbic circuit as a main neural correlate of PTSD symptoms. Though well-supported by human neuroimaging literature, these models are limited in their ability to explain the widely distributed neural and behavioral deficits in PTSD. Emerging interest in the application of large-scale network methods to functional neuroimaging provides a new opportunity to overcome such limitations and conceptualize the neural circuitry of PTSD in the context of network patterns. This review aims to evaluate both the classical neural circuitry model and a new, network-based model of PTSD neural circuitry using a breadth of functional brain organization research in subjects with PTSD. Taken together, this literature suggests global patterns of reduced functional connectivity (FC) in PTSD groups as well as altered FC targets that reside disproportionately in canonical functional networks, especially the default mode network. This provides evidence for an integrative model that includes elements of both the classical models and network-based models to characterize the neural circuitry of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C Ross
- Neuroscience and Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Neuroscience and Public Policy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
| | - Josh M Cisler
- Neuroscience and Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, United States
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17
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Cohodes EM, Kitt ER, Baskin-Sommers A, Gee DG. Influences of early-life stress on frontolimbic circuitry: Harnessing a dimensional approach to elucidate the effects of heterogeneity in stress exposure. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:153-172. [PMID: 32227350 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early-life stress confers profound and lasting risk for developing cognitive, social, emotional, and physical health problems. The effects of stress on the developing brain contribute to this risk, with frontolimbic circuitry particularly susceptible to early experiences, possibly due to its innervation with glucocorticoid receptors and the timing of frontolimbic circuit maturation. To date, the majority of studies on stress and frontolimbic circuitry have employed a categorical approach, comparing stress-exposed versus non-stress-exposed youth. However, there is vast heterogeneity in the nature of stress exposure and in outcomes. Recent forays into understanding the psychobiological effects of stress have employed a dimensional approach focused on experiential, environmental, and temporal factors that influence the association between stress and subsequent vulnerability. This review highlights empirical findings that inform a dimensional approach to understanding the effects of stress on frontolimbic circuitry. We identify the timing, type, severity, controllability, and predictability of stress, and the degree to which a caregiver is involved, as specific features of stress that may play a substantial role in differential outcomes. We propose a framework for the effects of these features of stress on frontolimbic development that may partially determine how heterogeneity in stress exposure influences this circuitry and, ultimately, mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Cohodes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Niu X, Zhang F, Kounios J, Liang H. Improved prediction of brain age using multimodal neuroimaging data. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1626-1643. [PMID: 31837193 PMCID: PMC7267976 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain age prediction based on imaging data and machine learning (ML) methods has great potential to provide insights into the development of cognition and mental disorders. Though different ML models have been proposed, a systematic comparison of ML models in combination with imaging features derived from different modalities is still needed. In this study, we evaluate the prediction performance of 36 combinations of imaging features and ML models including deep learning. We utilize single and multimodal brain imaging data including MRI, DTI, and rs‐fMRI from a large data set with 839 subjects. Our study is a follow‐up to the initial work (Liang et al., 2019. Human Brain Mapping) to investigate different analytic strategies to combine data from MRI, DTI, and rs‐fMRI with the goal to improve brain age prediction accuracy. Additionally, the traditional approach to predicting the brain age gap has been shown to have a systematic bias. The potential nonlinear relationship between the brain age gap and chronological age has not been thoroughly tested. Here we propose a new method to correct the systematic bias of brain age gap by taking gender, chronological age, and their interactions into consideration. As the true brain age is unknown and may deviate from chronological age, we further examine whether various levels of behavioral performance across subjects predict their brain age estimated from neuroimaging data. This is an important step to quantify the practical implication of brain age prediction. Our findings are helpful to advance the practice of optimizing different analytic methodologies in brain age prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hualou Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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Heyn SA, Herringa RJ. Longitudinal cortical markers of persistence and remission of pediatric PTSD. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102028. [PMID: 31670153 PMCID: PMC6831901 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neural correlates of clinical outcomes in pediatric PTSD are poorly understood. Remission and persistence show unique patterns of cortical development over time. Nonremitters exhibit atypical decreases in prefrontal, parietal, and occipital CSA. PTSD remission was associated with cortical expansion in the prefrontal cortex.
Background Previous studies have identified structural brain abnormalities in pediatric PTSD. However, little is known about what structural brain substrates may confer recovery versus persistence of PTSD in the context of the developing brain. Methods This naturalistic longitudinal study used T1-weighted MRI to evaluate cortical thickness and surface area in youth with a PTSD diagnosis (n = 28) and typically developing healthy youth (TD; n = 27) at baseline and one-year follow-up. Of the PTSD group, 10 youth were remitters at one-year follow up while 18 had persistent PTSD. Whole-brain estimates of cortical thickness and surface area were extracted to identify differences in cortical architecture associated with PTSD remission and persistence as compared to typical development. Results Youth who achieved PTSD remission entered the study with significantly lower trauma exposure and reduced symptom severity as compared to nonremitters. PTSD persistence was associated with decreased surface area over time in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) as compared to both remitters and TD youth. In contrast, PTSD remission was associated with expansion of frontal pole surface area and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) thickness over time. Across clinical groups, vmPFC thickness was further inversely associated with symptom severity. Conclusions To our knowledge, these findings represent the first report of cortical substrates underlying persistence versus remission in pediatric PTSD. Together, these findings suggest active structural developmental processes unique to both remission and nonremission in youth with PTSD. In particular, expansion of prefrontal regions implicated in emotion regulation may facilitate recovery from PTSD in youth and would warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Heyn
- Neuroscience & Public Policy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, BRAVE Youth Lab, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
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20
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Marusak HA, Harper FW, Taub JW, Rabinak CA. Pediatric cancer, posttraumatic stress and fear-related neural circuitry. Int J Hematol Oncol 2019; 8:IJH17. [PMID: 31467663 PMCID: PMC6714068 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the neurobiological effects of pediatric cancer-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We first consider studies on prevalence and predictors of childhood cancer-related PTSS and compare these studies to those in typically developing (i.e., noncancer) populations. Then, we briefly introduce the brain regions implicated in PTSS and review neuroimaging studies examining the neural correlates of PTSS in noncancer populations. Next, we present a framework and recommendations for future research. In particular, concurrent evaluation of PTSS and neuroimaging, as well as sociodemographic, medical, family factors, and other life events, are needed to uncover mechanisms leading to cancer-related PTSS. We review findings from neuroimaging studies on childhood cancer and one recent study on cancer-related PTSS as a starting point in this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Population Studies & Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Felicity W Harper
- Population Studies & Disparities Research Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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21
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Finding the Neural Basis of Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:103-104. [PMID: 30736913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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