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Normand F, Gajwani M, Côté DC, Allard A. NBS-SNI, an extension of the network-based statistic: Abnormal functional connections between important structural actors. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:44-80. [PMID: 38562286 PMCID: PMC10861162 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the coupling between the structure and the function of the brain and its development across maturation has attracted a lot of interest in the field of network neuroscience in the last 15 years. Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that the onset of certain brain disorders is linked with the interplay between the structural architecture of the brain and its functional processes, often accompanied with unusual connectivity features. This paper introduces a method called the network-based statistic-simultaneous node investigation (NBS-SNI) that integrates both representations into a single framework, and identifies connectivity abnormalities in case-control studies. With this method, significance is given to the properties of the nodes, as well as to their connections. This approach builds on the well-established network-based statistic (NBS) proposed in 2010. We uncover and identify the regimes in which NBS-SNI offers a gain in statistical resolution to identify a contrast of interest using synthetic data. We also apply our method on two real case-control studies, one consisting of individuals diagnosed with autism and the other consisting of individuals diagnosed with early psychosis. Using NBS-SNI and node properties such as the closeness centrality and local information dimension, we found hypo- and hyperconnected subnetworks and show that our method can offer a 9 percentage points gain in prediction power over the standard NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Normand
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire en Modélisation Mathématique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mehul Gajwani
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Côté
- Centre de Recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Allard
- Centre Interdisciplinaire en Modélisation Mathématique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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2
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Canepa E, Parodi-Rullan R, Vazquez-Torres R, Gamallo-Lana B, Guzman-Hernandez R, Lemon NL, Angiulli F, Debure L, Ilies MA, Østergaard L, Wisniewski T, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E, Mar AC, Fossati S. FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce amyloid β pathology and improve cognition, by ameliorating cerebrovascular health and glial fitness. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5048-5073. [PMID: 37186121 PMCID: PMC10600328 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebrovascular pathology is an early and causal hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in need of effective therapies. METHODS Based on the success of our previous in vitro studies, we tested for the first time in a model of AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) methazolamide and acetazolamide, Food and Drug Administration-approved against glaucoma and high-altitude sickness. RESULTS Both CAIs reduced cerebral, vascular, and glial amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and caspase activation, diminished gliosis, and ameliorated cognition in TgSwDI mice. The CAIs also improved microvascular fitness and induced protective glial pro-clearance pathways, resulting in the reduction of Aβ deposition. Notably, we unveiled that the mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase-VB (CA-VB) is upregulated in TgSwDI brains, CAA and AD+CAA human subjects, and in endothelial cells upon Aβ treatment. Strikingly, CA-VB silencing specifically reduces Aβ-mediated endothelial apoptosis. DISCUSSION This work substantiates the potential application of CAIs in clinical trials for AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Canepa
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Rebecca Parodi-Rullan
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Torres
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Begona Gamallo-Lana
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Roberto Guzman-Hernandez
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nicole L. Lemon
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Federica Angiulli
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ludovic Debure
- Department on Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marc A. Ilies
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Department on Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adam C. Mar
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Silvia Fossati
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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3
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Chen HF, Lambers H, Nagelmann N, Sandbrink M, Segelcke D, Pogatzki-Zahn E, Faber C, Pradier B. Generation of a whole-brain hemodynamic response function and sex-specific differences in cerebral processing of mechano-sensation in mice detected by BOLD fMRI. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1187328. [PMID: 37700753 PMCID: PMC10493293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1187328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BOLD fMRI has become a prevalent method to study cerebral sensory processing in rodent disease models, including pain and mechanical hypersensitivity. fMRI data analysis is frequently combined with a general-linear-model (GLM) -based analysis, which uses the convolution of a hemodynamic response function (HRF) with the stimulus paradigm. However, several studies indicated that the HRF differs across species, sexes, brain structures, and experimental factors, including stimulation modalities or anesthesia, and hence might strongly affect the outcome of BOLD analyzes. While considerable work has been done in humans and rats to understand the HRF, much less is known in mice. As a prerequisite to investigate mechano-sensory processing and BOLD fMRI data in male and female mice, we (1) designed a rotating stimulator that allows application of two different mechanical modalities, including innocuous von Frey and noxious pinprick stimuli and (2) determined and statistically compared HRFs across 30 brain structures and experimental conditions, including sex and, stimulus modalities. We found that mechanical stimulation lead to brain-wide BOLD signal changes thereby allowing extraction of HRFs from multiple brain structures. However, we did not find differences in HRFs across all brain structures and experimental conditions. Hence, we computed a whole-brain mouse HRF, which is based on 88 functional scans from 30 mice. A comparison of this mouse-specific HRF with our previously reported rat-derived HRF showed significantly slower kinetics in mice. Finally, we detected pronounced differences in cerebral BOLD activation between male and female mice with mechanical stimulation, thereby exposing divergent processing of noxious and innocuous stimuli in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Chen
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henriette Lambers
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Sandbrink
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Segelcke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Esther Pogatzki-Zahn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bruno Pradier
- Clinic of Radiology, Translational Research Imaging Center (TRIC), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Arús BA, Cosco ED, Yiu J, Balba I, Bischof TS, Sletten EM, Bruns OT. Shortwave infrared fluorescence imaging of peripheral organs in awake and freely moving mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1135494. [PMID: 37274204 PMCID: PMC10232761 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1135494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracting biological information from awake and unrestrained mice is imperative to in vivo basic and pre-clinical research. Accordingly, imaging methods which preclude invasiveness, anesthesia, and/or physical restraint enable more physiologically relevant biological data extraction by eliminating these extrinsic confounders. In this article, we discuss the recent development of shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescent imaging to visualize peripheral organs in freely-behaving mice, as well as propose potential applications of this imaging modality in the neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo A. Arús
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Emily D. Cosco
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joycelyn Yiu
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Balba
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas S. Bischof
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ellen M. Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Oliver T. Bruns
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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5
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Pan Y, Park K, Ren J, Volkow ND, Ling H, Koretsky AP, Du C. Dynamic 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake mice using self-supervised-learning-enhanced optical coherence Doppler tomography. Commun Biol 2023; 6:298. [PMID: 36944712 PMCID: PMC10030663 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is widely used to assess brain function. However, most preclinical CBF studies have been performed under anesthesia, which confounds findings. High spatiotemporal-resolution CBF imaging of awake animals is challenging due to motion artifacts and background noise, particularly for Doppler-based flow imaging. Here, we report ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence Doppler tomography (µODT) for 3D imaging of CBF velocity (CBFv) dynamics in awake mice by developing self-supervised deep-learning for effective image denoising and motion-artifact removal. We compare cortical CBFv in awake vs. anesthetized mice and their dynamic responses in arteriolar, venular and capillary networks to acute cocaine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), a highly addictive drug associated with neurovascular toxicity. Compared with awake, isoflurane (2-2.5%) induces vasodilation and increases CBFv within 2-4 min, whereas dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.) does not change vessel diameters nor flow. Acute cocaine decreases CBFv to the same extent in dexmedetomidine and awake states, whereas decreases are larger under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane-induced vasodilation might have facilitated detection of cocaine-induced vasoconstriction. Awake mice after chronic cocaine show severe vasoconstriction, CBFv decreases and vascular adaptations with extended diving arteriolar/venular vessels that prioritize blood supply to deeper cortical capillaries. The 3D imaging platform we present provides a powerful tool to study dynamic changes in vessel diameters and morphology alongside CBFv networks in the brain of awake animals that can advance our understanding of the effects of drugs and disease conditions (ischemia, tumors, wound healing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Kicheon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Ren
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20857, USA
| | - Haibin Ling
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Congwu Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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6
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Mikkelsen SH, Wied B, Dashkovskyi V, Lindhardt TB, Hirschler L, Warnking JM, Barbier EL, Postnov D, Hansen B, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E. Head holder and cranial window design for sequential magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging in awake mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926828. [PMID: 36051645 PMCID: PMC9425635 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical research as diagnostic tools to detect physiological abnormalities and assess the progression of neurovascular disease in animal models. Despite the wealth of imaging options in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), interpretation of imaging-derived parameters regarding underlying tissue properties is difficult due to technical limitations or lack of parameter specificity. To address the challenge of interpretation, we present an animal preparation protocol to achieve quantitative measures from both MRI and advanced optical techniques, including laser speckle contrast imaging and two-photon microscopy, in murine models. In this manner, non-translatable methods support and improve interpretation of less specific, translatable methods, i.e., MRI. Combining modalities for improved clinical interpretation involves satisfying the requirements of various methods. Furthermore, physiology unperturbed by anesthetics is a prerequisite for the strategy to succeed. Awake animal imaging with restraint provides an alternative to anesthesia and facilitates translatability of cerebral measurements. The method outlines design requirements for the setup and a corresponding reproducible surgical procedure for implanting a 3D printed head holder and cranial window to enable repeated multimodal imaging. We document the development, application, and validation of the method and provide examples confirming the usefulness of the design in acquiring high quality data from multiple modalities for quantification of a wide range of metrics of cerebral physiology in the same animal. The method contributes to preclinical small animal imaging, enabling sequential imaging of previously mutually exclusive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe H. Mikkelsen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Boris Wied
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vitalii Dashkovskyi
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan M. Warnking
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Emmanuel L. Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, GIN, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Dmitry Postnov
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Brian Hansen,
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez,
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7
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Zeng H, Jiang Y, Beer-Hammer S, Yu X. Awake Mouse fMRI and Pupillary Recordings in the Ultra-High Magnetic Field. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:886709. [PMID: 35903811 PMCID: PMC9318598 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.886709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Awake rodent fMRI is becoming a promising non-invasive brain imaging module when investigating large-scale brain function given behavioral tasks. Previous studies have either applied sedatives during scanning or pre-treatment of anesthetics, e.g., isoflurane, to reduce the motion of animals, which could confound the brain function of "awake" states in rodents. Here, we have established a long training awake mouse fMRI-pupillometry paradigm/setup without the initial use of anesthesia. To validate the awake mouse fMRI platform, evoked BOLD-fMRI was performed to identify brain activation in the visual cortex, dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, and superior colliculus. Furthermore, pupil signal fluctuation was investigated during scanning, showing a less dilated pupil after 5-8 weeks of intermittent training. Thus, using the awake mouse fMRI with real-time pupillometry provides a longitudinal functional mapping tool to study fully conscious mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zeng
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy, and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), University of Tüebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Guilbert J, Légaré A, De Koninck P, Desrosiers P, Desjardins M. Toward an integrative neurovascular framework for studying brain networks. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032211. [PMID: 35434179 PMCID: PMC8989057 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain functional connectivity based on the measure of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals has become one of the most widely used measurements in human neuroimaging. However, the nature of the functional networks revealed by BOLD fMRI can be ambiguous, as highlighted by a recent series of experiments that have suggested that typical resting-state networks can be replicated from purely vascular or physiologically driven BOLD signals. After going through a brief review of the key concepts of brain network analysis, we explore how the vascular and neuronal systems interact to give rise to the brain functional networks measured with BOLD fMRI. This leads us to emphasize a view of the vascular network not only as a confounding element in fMRI but also as a functionally relevant system that is entangled with the neuronal network. To study the vascular and neuronal underpinnings of BOLD functional connectivity, we consider a combination of methodological avenues based on multiscale and multimodal optical imaging in mice, used in combination with computational models that allow the integration of vascular information to explain functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Guilbert
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Légaré
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul De Koninck
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Desrosiers
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Université Laval, Department of Physics, Physical Engineering, and Optics, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Beloate LN, Zhang N. Connecting the dots between cell populations, whole-brain activity, and behavior. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032208. [PMID: 35350137 PMCID: PMC8957372 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously manipulating and monitoring both microscopic and macroscopic brain activity in vivo and identifying the linkage to behavior are powerful tools in neuroscience research. These capabilities have been realized with the recent technical advances of optogenetics and its combination with fMRI, here termed "opto-fMRI." Opto-fMRI allows for targeted brain region-, cell-type-, or projection-specific manipulation and targeted Ca 2 + activity measurement to be linked with global brain signaling and behavior. We cover the history, technical advances, applications, and important considerations of opto-fMRI in anesthetized and awake rodents and the future directions of the combined techniques in neuroscience and neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Beloate
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, United States
- Pennsylvania State University, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania, United States
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10
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Lake EMR, Higley MJ. Building bridges: simultaneous multimodal neuroimaging approaches for exploring the organization of brain networks. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032202. [PMID: 36159712 PMCID: PMC9506627 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain organization is evident across spatiotemporal scales as well as from structural and functional data. Yet, translating from micro- to macroscale (vice versa) as well as between different measures is difficult. Reconciling disparate observations from different modes is challenging because each specializes within a restricted spatiotemporal milieu, usually has bounded organ coverage, and has access to different contrasts. True intersubject biological heterogeneity, variation in experiment implementation (e.g., use of anesthesia), and true moment-to-moment variations in brain activity (maybe attributable to different brain states) also contribute to variability between studies. Ultimately, for a deeper and more actionable understanding of brain organization, an ability to translate across scales, measures, and species is needed. Simultaneous multimodal methods can contribute to bettering this understanding. We consider four modes, three optically based: multiphoton imaging, single-photon (wide-field) imaging, and fiber photometry, as well as magnetic resonance imaging. We discuss each mode as well as their pairwise combinations with regard to the definition and study of brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M. R. Lake
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Michael J. Higley
- Yale School of Medicine, Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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11
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Tournissac M, Boido D, Omnès M, Houssen YG, Ciobanu L, Charpak S. Cranial window for longitudinal and multimodal imaging of the whole mouse cortex. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:031921. [PMID: 36159711 PMCID: PMC9500537 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.031921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE All functional brain imaging methods have technical drawbacks and specific spatial and temporal resolution limitations. Unraveling brain function requires bridging the data acquired with cellular and mesoscopic functional imaging. This imposes the access to animal preparations, allowing longitudinal and multiscale investigations of brain function in anesthetized and awake animals. Such preparations are optimal to study normal and pathological brain functions while reducing the number of animals used. AIM To fulfill these needs, we developed a chronic and stable preparation for a broad set of imaging modalities and experimental design. APPROACH We describe the detailed protocol for a chronic cranial window, transparent to light and ultrasound, devoid of BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) artifact and allowing stable and longitudinal multimodal imaging of the entire mouse cortex. RESULTS The inexpensive, transparent, and curved polymethylpentene cranial window preparation gives access to the entire mouse cortex. It is compatible with standard microscopic and mesoscopic neuroimaging methods. We present examples of data on the neurovascular unit and its activation using two-photon, functional ultrasound imaging, and BOLD fMRI. CONCLUSION This preparation is ideal for multimodal imaging in the same animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
| | - Davide Boido
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
| | - Manon Omnès
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Luisa Ciobanu
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin CEA Saclay, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Serge Charpak
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Address all correspondence to Marine Tournissac, ; Davide Boido, ; Serge Charpak,
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12
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Lee SH, Thunemann M, Lee K, Cleary DR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Oh H, Azzazy F, Tchoe Y, Bourhis AM, Hossain L, Ro YG, Tanaka A, Kılıç K, Devor A, Dayeh SA. Scalable Thousand Channel Penetrating Microneedle Arrays on Flex for Multimodal and Large Area Coverage BrainMachine Interfaces. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2112045. [PMID: 36381629 PMCID: PMC9648634 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Utah array powers cutting-edge projects for restoration of neurological function, such as BrainGate, but the underlying electrode technology has itself advanced little in the last three decades. Here, advanced dual-side lithographic microfabrication processes is exploited to demonstrate a 1024-channel penetrating silicon microneedle array (SiMNA) that is scalable in its recording capabilities and cortical coverage and is suitable for clinical translation. The SiMNA is the first penetrating microneedle array with a flexible backing that affords compliancy to brain movements. In addition, the SiMNA is optically transparent permitting simultaneous optical and electrophysiological interrogation of neuronal activity. The SiMNA is used to demonstrate reliable recordings of spontaneous and evoked field potentials and of single unit activity in chronically implanted mice for up to 196 days in response to optogenetic and to whisker air-puff stimuli. Significantly, the 1024-channel SiMNA establishes detailed spatiotemporal mapping of broadband brain activity in rats. This novel scalable and biocompatible SiMNA with its multimodal capability and sensitivity to broadband brain activity will accelerate the progress in fundamental neurophysiological investigations and establishes a new milestone for penetrating and large area coverage microelectrode arrays for brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Heon Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Keundong Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel R Cleary
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hongseok Oh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Farid Azzazy
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lorraine Hossain
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Goo Ro
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Atsunori Tanaka
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shadi A Dayeh
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Graduate Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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13
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Zhang Q, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Hossain MS, Drew PJ. Behavioral and physiological monitoring for awake neurovascular coupling experiments: a how-to guide. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021905. [PMID: 35639834 PMCID: PMC8802326 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional brain imaging in awake animal models is a popular and powerful technique that allows the investigation of neurovascular coupling (NVC) under physiological conditions. However, ubiquitous facial and body motions (fidgeting) are prime drivers of spontaneous fluctuations in neural and hemodynamic signals. During periods without movement, animals can rapidly transition into sleep, and the hemodynamic signals tied to arousal state changes can be several times larger than sensory-evoked responses. Given the outsized influence of facial and body motions and arousal signals in neural and hemodynamic signals, it is imperative to detect and monitor these events in experiments with un-anesthetized animals. Aim: To cover the importance of monitoring behavioral state in imaging experiments using un-anesthetized rodents, and describe how to incorporate detailed behavioral and physiological measurements in imaging experiments. Approach: We review the effects of movements and sleep-related signals (heart rate, respiration rate, electromyography, intracranial pressure, whisking, and other body movements) on brain hemodynamics and electrophysiological signals, with a focus on head-fixed experimental setup. We summarize the measurement methods currently used in animal models for detection of those behaviors and arousal changes. We then provide a guide on how to incorporate this measurements with functional brain imaging and electrophysiology measurements. Results: We provide a how-to guide on monitoring and interpreting a variety of physiological signals and their applications to NVC experiments in awake behaving mice. Conclusion: This guide facilitates the application of neuroimaging in awake animal models and provides neuroscientists with a standard approach for monitoring behavior and other associated physiological parameters in head-fixed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin L. Turner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kyle W. Gheres
- The Pennsylvania State University, Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neurosurgery, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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14
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Şencan İ, Esipova T, Kılıç K, Li B, Desjardins M, Yaseen MA, Wang H, Porter JE, Kura S, Fu B, Secomb TW, Boas DA, Vinogradov SA, Devor A, Sakadžić S. Optical measurement of microvascular oxygenation and blood flow responses in awake mouse cortex during functional activation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:510-525. [PMID: 32515672 PMCID: PMC8985437 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20928011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex has a number of conserved morphological and functional characteristics across brain regions and species. Among them, the laminar differences in microvascular density and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase staining suggest potential laminar variability in the baseline O2 metabolism and/or laminar variability in both O2 demand and hemodynamic response. Here, we investigate the laminar profile of stimulus-induced intravascular partial pressure of O2 (pO2) transients to stimulus-induced neuronal activation in fully awake mice using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy. Our results demonstrate that stimulus-induced changes in intravascular pO2 are conserved across cortical layers I-IV, suggesting a tightly controlled neurovascular response to provide adequate O2 supply across cortical depth. In addition, we observed a larger change in venular O2 saturation (ΔsO2) compared to arterioles, a gradual increase in venular ΔsO2 response towards the cortical surface, and absence of the intravascular "initial dip" previously reported under anesthesia. This study paves the way for quantification of layer-specific cerebral O2 metabolic responses, facilitating investigation of brain energetics in health and disease and informed interpretation of laminar blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- İkbal Şencan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana Esipova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jason E Porter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Buyin Fu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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15
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Zhou A, Engelmann SA, Mihelic SA, Tomar A, Hassan AM, Dunn AK. Evaluation of resonant scanning as a high-speed imaging technique for two-photon imaging of cortical vasculature. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1374-1385. [PMID: 35414984 PMCID: PMC8973172 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple, low-cost two-photon microscope design with both galvo-galvo and resonant-galvo scanning capabilities. We quantify and compare the signal-to-noise ratios and imaging speeds of the galvo-galvo and resonant-galvo scanning modes when used for murine neurovascular imaging. The two scanning modes perform as expected under shot-noise limited detection and are found to achieve comparable signal-to-noise ratios. Resonant-galvo scanning is capable of reaching desired signal-to-noise ratios using less acquisition time when higher excitation power can be used. Given equal excitation power and total pixel dwell time between the two methods, galvo-galvo scanning outperforms resonant-galvo scanning in image quality when detection deviates from being shot-noise limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shaun A. Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Samuel A. Mihelic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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16
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Guilbert J, Desjardins M. Movement correction method for laser speckle contrast imaging of cerebral blood flow in cranial windows in rodents. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100218. [PMID: 34658168 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is used in clinical research to dynamically image blood flow. One drawback is its susceptibility to movement artifacts. We demonstrate a new, simple method to correct motion artifacts in LSCI signals measured in awake mice with cranial windows during sensory stimulation. The principle is to identify a region in the image in which speckle contrast (SC) is independent of blood flow and only varies with animal movement, then to regress out this signal from the data. We show that (1) the regressed signal correlates well with mouse head movement, (2) the corrected signal correlates better with independently measured blood volume and (3) it has a (59 ± 6)% higher signal-to-noise ratio. Compared to three alternative correction methods, ours has the best performance. Regressing out flow-independent global variations in SC is a simple and accessible way to improve the quality of LSCI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Guilbert
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Oncology Division, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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17
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Vollmer KM, Doncheck EM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Romanova EV, Bowen CW, Siegler PN, Green LM, Bobadilla AC, Trujillo-Pisanty I, Kalivas PW, Otis JM. A Novel Assay Allowing Drug Self-Administration, Extinction, and Reinstatement Testing in Head-Restrained Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:744715. [PMID: 34776891 PMCID: PMC8585999 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.744715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is one of several new technologies providing unprecedented insight into the activity dynamics and function of neural circuits. Unfortunately, some of these technologies require experimentation in head-restrained animals, limiting the behavioral repertoire that can be integrated and studied. This issue is especially evident in drug addiction research, as no laboratories have coupled multiphoton microscopy with simultaneous intravenous drug self-administration, a behavioral paradigm that has predictive validity for treatment outcomes and abuse liability. Here, we describe a new experimental assay wherein head-restrained mice will press an active lever, but not inactive lever, for intravenous delivery of heroin or cocaine. Similar to freely moving animals, we find that lever pressing is suppressed through daily extinction training and subsequently reinstated through the presentation of relapse-provoking triggers (drug-associative cues, the drug itself, and stressors). Finally, we show that head-restrained mice will show similar patterns of behavior for oral delivery of a sucrose reward, a common control used for drug self-administration experiments. Overall, these data demonstrate the feasibility of combining drug self-administration experiments with technologies that require head-restraint, such as multiphoton imaging. The assay described could be replicated by interested labs with readily available materials to aid in identifying the neural underpinnings of substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizaveta V Romanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christopher W Bowen
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Preston N Siegler
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lisa M Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | | | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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18
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Markicevic M, Savvateev I, Grimm C, Zerbi V. Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34482367 PMCID: PMC8418612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Savvateev
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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19
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Mächler P, Broggini T, Mateo C, Thunemann M, Fomin-Thunemann N, Doran PR, Sencan I, Kilic K, Desjardins M, Uhlirova H, Yaseen MA, Boas DA, Linninger AA, Vergassola M, Yu X, Lewis LD, Polimeni JR, Rosen BR, Sakadžić S, Buxton RB, Lauritzen M, Kleinfeld D, Devor A. A Suite of Neurophotonic Tools to Underpin the Contribution of Internal Brain States in fMRI. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 18:100273. [PMID: 33959688 PMCID: PMC8095678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in optical microscopy, applicable for large-scale and longitudinal imaging of cortical activity in behaving animals, open unprecedented opportunities to gain a deeper understanding of neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling during different brain states. Future studies will leverage these tools to deliver foundational knowledge about brain state-dependent regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism as well as regulation as a function of brain maturation and aging. This knowledge is of critical importance to interpret hemodynamic signals observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mächler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Celine Mateo
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Patrick R. Doran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ikbal Sencan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kivilcim Kilic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Département de Physique, de Génie Physique et d’Optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hana Uhlirova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andreas A. Linninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Département de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Laura D. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Richard B. Buxton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Section on Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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20
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Chung DY, Oka F, Jin G, Harriott A, Kura S, Aykan SA, Qin T, Edmiston WJ, Lee H, Yaseen MA, Sakadžić S, Boas DA, Whalen MJ, Ayata C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to early and persistent functional connectivity and behavioral changes in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:975-985. [PMID: 32936728 PMCID: PMC8054726 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20940152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) leads to significant long-term cognitive deficits, which can be associated with alterations in resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, modalities such as fMRI-which is commonly used to assess RSFC in humans-have practical limitations in small animals. Therefore, we used non-invasive optical intrinsic signal imaging to determine the effect of SAH on RSFC in mice up to three months after prechiasmatic blood injection. We assessed Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), Y-maze, and rotarod performance from approximately two weeks to three months after SAH. Compared to sham, we found that SAH reduced motor, retrosplenial, and visual seed-based connectivity indices. These deficits persisted in retrosplenial and visual cortex seeds at three months. Seed-to-seed analysis confirmed early attenuation of correlation coefficients in SAH mice, which persisted in predominantly posterior network connections at later time points. Seed-independent global and interhemispheric indices of connectivity revealed decreased correlations following SAH for at least one month. SAH led to MWM hidden platform and OFT deficits at two weeks, and Y-maze deficits for at least three months, without altering rotarod performance. In conclusion, experimental SAH leads to early and persistent alterations both in hemodynamically derived measures of RSFC and in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Oka
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Gina Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Harriott
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanem A Aykan
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - William J Edmiston
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Moon HS, Jiang H, Vo TT, Jung WB, Vazquez AL, Kim SG. Contribution of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neuronal Activity to BOLD fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4053-4067. [PMID: 33895810 PMCID: PMC8328221 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BOLD fMRI response in the cortex is often assumed to reflect changes in excitatory neural activity. However, the contribution of inhibitory neurons to BOLD fMRI is unclear. Here, the role of inhibitory and excitatory activity was examined using multimodal approaches: electrophysiological recording, 15.2 T fMRI, optical intrinsic signal imaging, and modeling. Inhibitory and excitatory neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex were selectively modulated by 20-s optogenetic stimulation of VGAT-ChR2 and CaMKII-ChR2 mice, respectively. Somatosensory stimulation and optogenetic stimulation of excitatory neurons induced positive BOLD responses in the somatosensory network, whereas stimulation of inhibitory neurons produced biphasic responses at the stimulation site, initial positive and later negative BOLD signals, and negative BOLD responses at downstream sites. When the stimulation duration was reduced to 5 s, the hemodynamic response of VGAT-ChR2 mice to optogenetic stimulation was only positive. Lastly, modeling performed from neuronal and hemodynamic data shows that the hemodynamic response function (HRF) of excitatory neurons is similar across different conditions, whereas the HRF of inhibitory neurons is highly sensitive to stimulation frequency and peaks earlier than that of excitatory neurons. Our study provides insights into the neurovascular coupling of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and the interpretation of BOLD fMRI signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Moon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Tan Vo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Beom Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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22
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Tang J, Kilic K, Szabo TL, Boas DA. Improved Color Doppler for Cerebral Blood Flow Axial Velocity Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:758-764. [PMID: 33156785 PMCID: PMC8098776 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3036468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional color Doppler ultrasound imaging suffers from mutual frequency cancellation when applied to quantify axial blood flow velocities in the rodent brain where inverse flows exist within an ultrasound measurement voxel. Here, we report an improved color Doppler-based functional ultrasound imaging method (iCD-fUS) for axial blood flow velocity imaging of the rodent brain. By applying a directional filter and high frequency noise thresholding, iCD-fUS is able to accurately quantify blood flow velocities within the brain as validated with the ultrasound localization microscopy velocimetry method. We show that iCD-fUS is able to image and resolve the directional axial blood flow velocity throughout the entire coronal section of the brain at a temporal frame rate of up to 10 Hz with a spatial resolution of ~100 [Formula: see text]. We further applied iCD-fUS to image the axial blood flow velocity change in response to whisker stimulation in an awake mouse, showing its potential for studying brain activation. With these capabilities, iCD-fUS provides a powerful, quantitative tool for in vivo chronic research.
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23
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Kılıç K, Desjardins M, Tang J, Thunemann M, Sunil S, Erdener ŞE, Postnov DD, Boas DA, Devor A. Chronic Cranial Windows for Long Term Multimodal Neurovascular Imaging in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 11:612678. [PMID: 33551837 PMCID: PMC7862556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.612678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cranial windows allow for longitudinal brain imaging experiments in awake, behaving mice. Different imaging technologies have their unique advantages and combining multiple imaging modalities offers measurements of a wide spectrum of neuronal, glial, vascular, and metabolic parameters needed for comprehensive investigation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we detail a suite of surgical techniques for installation of different cranial windows targeted for specific imaging technologies and their combination. Following these techniques and practices will yield higher experimental success and reproducibility of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUSTech, Shenzhen, China
| | - Martin Thunemann
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Smrithi Sunil
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Şefik Evren Erdener
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dmitry D Postnov
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Boas
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Devor
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Damseh R, Delafontaine-Martel P, Pouliot P, Cheriet F, Lesage F. Laplacian Flow Dynamics on Geometric Graphs for Anatomical Modeling of Cerebrovascular Networks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:381-394. [PMID: 32986549 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3027500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generating computational anatomical models of cerebrovascular networks is vital for improving clinical practice and understanding brain oxygen transport. This is achieved by extracting graph-based representations based on pre-mapping of vascular structures. Recent graphing methods can provide smooth vessels trajectories and well-connected vascular topology. However, they require water-tight surface meshes as inputs. Furthermore, adding vessels radii information on their graph compartments restricts their alignment along vascular centerlines. Here, we propose a novel graphing scheme that works with relaxed input requirements and intrinsically captures vessel radii information. The proposed approach is based on deforming geometric graphs constructed within vascular boundaries. Under a laplacian optimization framework, we assign affinity weights on the initial geometry that drives its iterative contraction toward vessels centerlines. We present a mechanism to decimate graph structure at each run and a convergence criterion to stop the process. A refinement technique is then introduced to obtain final vascular models. Our implementation is available on https://github.com/Damseh/VascularGraph. We benchmarked our results with that obtained using other efficient and state-of-the-art graphing schemes, validating on both synthetic and real angiograms acquired with different imaging modalities. The experiments indicate that the proposed scheme produces the lowest geometric and topological error rates on various angiograms. Furthermore, it surpasses other techniques in providing representative models that capture all anatomical aspects of vascular structures.
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25
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Lake EMR, Ge X, Shen X, Herman P, Hyder F, Cardin JA, Higley MJ, Scheinost D, Papademetris X, Crair MC, Constable RT. Simultaneous cortex-wide fluorescence Ca 2+ imaging and whole-brain fMRI. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1262-1271. [PMID: 33139894 PMCID: PMC7704940 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Achieving a comprehensive understanding of brain function requires multiple imaging modalities with complementary strengths. We present an approach for concurrent widefield optical and functional magnetic resonance imaging. By merging these modalities, we can simultaneously acquire whole-brain blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and whole-cortex calcium-sensitive fluorescent measures of brain activity. In a transgenic murine model, we show that calcium predicts the BOLD signal, using a model that optimizes a gamma-variant transfer function. We find consistent predictions across the cortex, which are best at low frequency (0.009-0.08 Hz). Furthermore, we show that the relationship between modality connectivity strengths varies by region. Our approach links cell-type-specific optical measurements of activity to the most widely used method for assessing human brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M R Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xilin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica A Cardin
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Higley
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael C Crair
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - R Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Carrier M, Robert MÈ, González Ibáñez F, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. Imaging the Neuroimmune Dynamics Across Space and Time. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:903. [PMID: 33071723 PMCID: PMC7539119 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential for maintaining homeostasis, as well as promoting growth and healing throughout the brain and body. Considering that immune cells respond rapidly to changes in their microenvironment, they are very difficult to study without affecting their structure and function. The advancement of non-invasive imaging methods greatly contributed to elucidating the physiological roles performed by immune cells in the brain across stages of the lifespan and contexts of health and disease. For instance, techniques like two-photon in vivo microscopy were pivotal for studying microglial functional dynamics in the healthy brain. Through these observations, their interactions with neurons, astrocytes, blood vessels and synapses were uncovered. High-resolution electron microscopy with immunostaining and 3D-reconstruction, as well as super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, provided complementary insights by revealing microglial interventions at synapses (phagocytosis, trogocytosis, synaptic stripping, etc.). In addition, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy has provided the first 3D reconstruction of a microglial cell at nanoscale resolution. This review will discuss the technical toolbox that currently allows to study microglia and other immune cells in the brain, as well as introduce emerging methods that were developed and could be used to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of neuroimmune imaging. A special attention will also be placed on positron emission tomography and the development of selective functional radiotracers for microglia and peripheral macrophages, considering their strong potential for research translation between animals and humans, notably when paired with other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Robert
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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27
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Kılıç K, Tang J, Erdener ŞE, Sunil S, Giblin JT, Lee BS, Postnov DD, Chen A, Boas DA. Chronic Imaging of Mouse Brain: From Optical Systems to Functional Ultrasound. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 93:e98. [PMID: 32584495 PMCID: PMC7441818 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of functional ultrasound (fUS) in cerebral vascular imaging is gaining popularity among neuroscientists. In this article, we describe a chronic surgical preparation method that allows longitudinal studies and therefore is applicable to a wide range of studies, especially on aging, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. This method can also be used with awake mice; hence, the deleterious effects of anesthesia on neurovascular responses can be avoided. In addition to fUS imaging, this surgical preparation allows researchers to take advantage of common optical imaging methods to acquire complementary datasets to help increase the technical rigor of studies. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Surgical preparation of mouse chronic cranial windows using polymethylpentene Basic Protocol 2: Imaging of mice with chronic cranial windows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
| | | | - Smrithi Sunil
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
| | - John T. Giblin
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
| | - Blaire S. Lee
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
| | | | - Anderson Chen
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University Biomedical Engineering, Neurophotonics Center
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28
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Genois É, Gagnon L, Desjardins M. Modeling of vascular space occupancy and BOLD functional MRI from first principles using real microvascular angiograms. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:456-468. [PMID: 32726489 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The vascular space occupancy (VASO) is a functional MRI technique for probing cerebral blood volume changes noninvasively, including during neuronal activation in humans. An important consideration when implementing VASO is the BOLD effect in the signal. Assessing the physical origin of this BOLD contamination and the capabilities of correction methods could improve the quantification of cerebral blood volume changes with VASO. METHODS Given the heterogeneity of cerebral microvascular architecture, the vascular geometry within an MRI voxel can influence both BOLD and VASO signals. To investigate this effect, 3D high-resolution images of mouse cerebral vasculature measured with two-photon microscopy were used to model BOLD and VASO signals from first principles using Monte Carlo diffusion of water protons. Quantitative plots of VASO together with intravascular and extravascular BOLD signals as a function of TE at B0 fields 1.5 T to 14 T were obtained. RESULTS The BOLD contamination of the VASO response was on the order of 50% for gradient echo and 5% for spin echo at 7 T and TE = 6 ms and significantly increased with TE and B0 . Two currently used correction schemes were shown to account for most of this contamination and recover accurate relative signal changes, with optimal correction obtained using TEs as short as possible. CONCLUSION These results may provide useful information for optimizing sequence parameters in VASO and BOLD functional MRI, leading the way to a wider application of these techniques in healthy and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élie Genois
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Gagnon
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Oncology Division, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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29
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Mc Larney B, Hutter MA, Degtyaruk O, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Monitoring of Stimulus Evoked Murine Somatosensory Cortex Hemodynamic Activity With Volumetric Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536. [PMID: 32581686 PMCID: PMC7283916 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory stimulation is an attractive paradigm for studying brain activity using various optical-, ultrasound- and MRI-based functional neuroimaging methods. Optoacoustics has been recently suggested as a powerful new tool for scalable mapping of multiple hemodynamic parameters with rich contrast and previously unachievable spatio-temporal resolution. Yet, its utility for studying the processing of peripheral inputs at the whole brain level has so far not been quantified. We employed volumetric multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (vMSOT) to non-invasively monitor the HbO, HbR, and HbT dynamics across the mouse somatosensory cortex evoked by electrical paw stimuli. We show that elevated contralateral activation is preserved in the HbO map (invisible to MRI) under isoflurane anesthesia. Brain activation is shown to be predominantly confined to the somatosensory cortex, with strongest activation in the hindpaw region of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Furthermore, vMSOT detected the presence of an initial dip in the contralateral hindpaw region in the delta HbO channel. Sensorimotor cortical activity was identified over all other regions in HbT and HbO but not in HbR. Pearson’s correlation mapping enabled localizing the response to the sensorimotor cortex further highlighting the ability of vMSOT to bridge over imaging performance deficiencies of other functional neuroimaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mc Larney
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Oleksiy Degtyaruk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Li Y, Rakymzhan A, Tang P, Wang RK. Procedure and protocols for optical imaging of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in awake mice. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3288-3300. [PMID: 32637255 PMCID: PMC7316002 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a method and procedure that allows for the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and intrinsic optical signal imaging (IOSI) of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in fully awake mice. We detail the procedure of chronic cranial window preparation, the use of an air-lift mobile homecage to achieve stable optical recording in the head-restrained awake mouse, and the imaging methods to achieve multiparametric hemodynamic measurements. The results show that by using a collection of OCTA algorithms, the high-resolution cerebral vasculature can be reliably mapped at a fully awake state, including flow velocity measurements in penetrating arterioles and capillary bed. Lastly, we demonstrate how the awake imaging paradigm is used to study cortical hemodynamics in the mouse barrel cortex during whisker stimulation. The method presented here will facilitate optical recording in the awake, active mice and open the door to many projects that can bridge the hemodynamics in neurovascular units to naturalistic behavior.
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31
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Ji H, Han C. LarvaSPA, A Method for Mounting Drosophila Larva for Long-Term Time-Lapse Imaging. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32176208 DOI: 10.3791/60792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Live imaging is a valuable approach for investigating cell biology questions. The Drosophila larva is particularly suited for in vivo live imaging because the larval body wall and most internal organs are transparent. However, continuous live imaging of intact Drosophila larvae for longer than 30 min has been challenging because it is difficult to noninvasively immobilizeimmobilizing larvae for a long time. Here we present a larval mounting method called LarvaSPA that allows for continuous imaging of live Drosophila larvae with high temporal and spatial resolution for longer than 10 hours. This method involves partially attaching larvae to the coverslip using a UV-reactive glue and additionally restraining larval movement using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block. This method is compatible with larvae at developmental stages from second instar to wandering third instar. We demonstrate applications of this method in studying dynamic processes of Drosophila somatosensory neurons, including dendrite growth and injury-induced dendrite degeneration. This method can also be applied to study many other cellular processes that happen near the larval body wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ji
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University
| | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University;
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32
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Sunil S, Erdener SE, Lee BS, Postnov D, Tang J, Kura S, Cheng X, Chen IA, Boas DA, Kılıç K. Awake chronic mouse model of targeted pial vessel occlusion via photothrombosis. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:015005. [PMID: 32042854 PMCID: PMC6992450 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.1.015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of stroke are used extensively to study the mechanisms involved in the acute and chronic phases of recovery following stroke. A translatable animal model that closely mimics the mechanisms of a human stroke is essential in understanding recovery processes as well as developing therapies that improve functional outcomes. We describe a photothrombosis stroke model that is capable of targeting a single distal pial branch of the middle cerebral artery with minimal damage to the surrounding parenchyma in awake head-fixed mice. Mice are implanted with chronic cranial windows above one hemisphere of the brain that allow optical access to study recovery mechanisms for over a month following occlusion. Additionally, we study the effect of laser spot size used for occlusion and demonstrate that a spot size with small axial and lateral resolution has the advantage of minimizing unwanted photodamage while still monitoring macroscopic changes to cerebral blood flow during photothrombosis. We show that temporally guiding illumination using real-time feedback of blood flow dynamics also minimized unwanted photodamage to the vascular network. Finally, through quantifiable behavior deficits and chronic imaging we show that this model can be used to study recovery mechanisms or the effects of therapeutics longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Sunil
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Smrithi Sunil, E-mail:
| | - Sefik Evren Erdener
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Hacettepe University, Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Blaire S. Lee
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dmitry Postnov
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Copenhagen University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianbo Tang
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaojun Cheng
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ichun Anderson Chen
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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33
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Grosenick L, Shi TC, Gunning FM, Dubin MJ, Downar J, Liston C. Functional and Optogenetic Approaches to Discovering Stable Subtype-Specific Circuit Mechanisms in Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:554-566. [PMID: 31176387 PMCID: PMC6788795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we identified four depression subtypes defined by distinct functional connectivity alterations in depression-related brain networks, which in turn predicted clinical symptoms and treatment response. Optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging offers a promising approach for testing how dysfunction in specific circuits gives rise to subtype-specific, depression-related behaviors. However, this approach assumes that there are robust, reproducible correlations between functional connectivity and depressive symptoms-an assumption that was not extensively tested in previous work. METHODS First, we comprehensively reevaluated the stability of canonical correlations between functional connectivity and symptoms (N = 220 subjects) using optimized approaches for large-scale statistical hypothesis testing, and we validated methods for improving estimation of latent variables driving brain-behavior correlations. Having confirmed this necessary condition, we reviewed recent advances in optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging and illustrated one approach to formulating hypotheses regarding latent subtype-specific circuit mechanisms and testing them in animal models. RESULTS Correlations between connectivity features and clinical symptoms were robustly significant, and canonical correlation analysis solutions tested repeatedly on held-out data generalized. However, they were sensitive to data quality, preprocessing, and clinical heterogeneity, which can reduce effect sizes. Generalization could be markedly improved by adding L2 regularization, which decreased estimator variance, increased canonical correlations in left-out data, and stabilized feature selection. These improvements were useful for identifying candidate circuits for optogenetic interrogation in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Multiview, latent-variable approaches such as canonical correlation analysis offer a conceptually useful framework for discovering stable patient subtypes by synthesizing multiple clinical and functional measures. Optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging holds promise for testing hypotheses regarding latent, subtype-specific mechanisms driving depressive symptoms and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Grosenick
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, New York; Simons Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Tracey C Shi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Marc J Dubin
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Downar
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor Liston
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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Desjardins M. Causality as a New Paradigm in Brain Science. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:506-507. [PMID: 31176385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Desjardins
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique and Axe oncologie, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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