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Yuan R, Zhang J, Song P, Qin L. The relationship between screen time and gross motor movement: A cross-sectional study of pre-school aged left-behind children in China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296862. [PMID: 38578800 PMCID: PMC10997071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of screen time and gross motor movement level and the correlation between them in left-behind children aged 3 to 6 years old in China. METHODS A randomized whole-group sampling method was used to study 817 left-behind children aged 3-6 years in 15 kindergartens in Xiangcheng city, Henan province. The third version of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) was used to test the children's gross motor movement level, and the screen time questionnaire was used to test the children's screen time level. The relationship between the two and the indicators was explored using Pearson's two-sided correlation and multilevel regression. RESULTS The average daily screen time of left-behind children aged 3-6 years old increased with age, and the reporting rate of >2 h/d ranged from 22.43% to 33.73%; gross motor movement of left-behind children aged 3-6 years old increased with age, with significant differences between age (p<0.05). There was a low to moderate negative correlation (r = -0.133 to -0.354, p<0.05) between screen time and gross motor movement in children aged 3-6 years, and multiple regression analysis showed that screen time was predictive of gross motor movement in children (p<0.05), with an explanation rate of 21.4%. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between screen time and gross motor movement development in children aged 3-6 years old left behind, and the gross motor movement ability of children aged 3-6 years old can be developed by reducing screen time and increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Department of Physical Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengwei Song
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
| | - Long Qin
- School of Physical Education, Guangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Laibin, Guangxi, China
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Celik HI, Yildiz A, Yildiz R, Mutlu A, Soylu R, Gucuyener K, Duyan-Camurdan A, Koc E, Onal EE, Elbasan B. Using the center of pressure movement analysis in evaluating spontaneous movements in infants: a comparative study with general movements assessment. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:165. [PMID: 38124131 PMCID: PMC10731817 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have attempted to automate the spontaneous movement assessment and have sought quantitative and objective methods over the past decade. The purpose of the study was to present a quantitative assessment method of spontaneous movement using center-of-pressure (COP) movement analysis. METHODS A total of 101 infants were included in the study. The infants were placed in the supine position on the force plate with the cranial-caudal orientation. In this position, the recording of video and COP movement data were made simultaneously for 3 min. Video recordings were used to observe global and detailed general movement assessment (GMA), and COP time series data were used to obtain quantitative movement parameters. RESULTS According to the global GMA, 13 infants displayed absent fidgety movements (FMs) and 88 infants displayed normal FMs. The binary logistic regression model indicated significant association between global GMA and COP movement parameters (chi-square = 20.817, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of this model were 85% (95% CI: 55-98), 83% (95% CI: 73-90), and 83% (95% CI: 74-90), respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed a significant association between detailed GMA (motor optimality score-revised/MOS-R) and COP movement parameters (F = 10.349, p < 0.001). The MOS-R total score was predicted with a standard error of approximately 1.8 points (6%). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the possible avenues for using COP movement analysis to objectively detect the absent FMs and MOS-R total score in clinical settings. Although the method presented in this study requires further validation, it may complement observational GMA and be clinically useful for infant screening purposes, particularly in clinical settings where access to expertise in observational GMA is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahim Celik
- Bilge Çocuk Special Education and Rehabilitation Center, Beysukent, Çankaya, s06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Yildiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Akmer Mutlu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Developmental and Early Physiotherapy Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Soylu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kivilcim Gucuyener
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysu Duyan-Camurdan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Social Pediatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Koc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eray Esra Onal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elbasan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Deng W, Marmelat V, Vanderbilt DL, Gennaro F, Smith BA. Barcoding, linear and nonlinear analysis of full-day leg movements in infants with typical development and infants at risk of developmental disabilities: Cross-sectional study. INFANCY 2023; 28:650-666. [PMID: 36921012 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods do not capture the multidimensional domains and dynamic nature of infant behavioral patterns. We aim to compare full-day, in-home leg movement data between infants with typical development (TD) and infants at risk of developmental disabilities (AR) using barcoding and nonlinear analysis. Eleven infants with TD (2-10 months) and nine infants AR (adjusted age: 2-14 months) wore a sensor on each ankle for 7 days. We calculated the standard deviation for linear variability and sample entropy (SampEn) of leg acceleration and angular velocity for nonlinear variability. Movements were also categorized into 16 barcoding states, and we calculated the SampEn and proportions of the barcoding. All variables were compared between the two groups using independent-samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. The AR group had larger linear variability compared to the TD group. SampEn was lower in the AR group compared to TD group for both acceleration and angular velocity. Two barcoding states' proportions were significantly different between the two groups. The results showed that nonlinear analysis and barcoding could be used to identify the difference of dynamic multidimensional movement patterns between infants AR and infants with TD. This information may help early diagnosis of developmental disabilities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Deng
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivien Marmelat
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Douglas L Vanderbilt
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Federico Gennaro
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beth A Smith
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
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TwinEDA: a sustainable deep-learning approach for limb-position estimation in preterm infants' depth images. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:387-397. [PMID: 36441288 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-022-02696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants is currently based on the visual analysis of newborns' motion patterns by trained operators. To help automatize this time-consuming and qualitative procedure, we propose a sustainable deep-learning algorithm for accurate limb-pose estimation from depth images. The algorithm consists of a convolutional neural network (TwinEDA) relying on architectural blocks that require limited computation while ensuring high performance in prediction. To ascertain its low computational costs and assess its application in on-the-edge computing, TwinEDA was additionally deployed on a cost-effective single-board computer. The network was validated on a dataset of 27,000 depth video frames collected during the actual clinical practice from 27 preterm infants. When compared to the main state-of-the-art competitor, TwinEDA is twice as fast to predict a single depth frame and four times as light in terms of memory, while performing similarly in terms of Dice similarity coefficient (0.88). This result suggests that the pursuit of efficiency does not imply the detriment of performance. This work is among the first to propose an automatic and sustainable limb-position estimation approach for preterm infants. This represents a significant step towards the development of broadly accessible clinical monitoring applications.
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Jiang Q, Liu R, Liu T, Liang J, Wu Y, Feng B, Liu S, Li H, Pan D, Qiu X, Huang D. Relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52954-52963. [PMID: 35274207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenols are a type of endocrine disruptors, which are commonly found in personal care products, food, and water and are more harmful to the human body. To investigate the relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, a total of 2035 healthy pregnant women and their neonates were recruited in the birth cohort of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi from 2015 to 2018. The peripheral venous blood samples were collected from pregnant women in early pregnancy; the concentrations of nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenol (4-N-NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-T-OP), and 4-n-octylphenol (4-N-OP) in serum were detected by ultra-performance liquid performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Binary logistic regression showed that NP [OR = 1.40 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.94)] was positively associated with preterm birth. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that logNP and log4-T-OP had non-linearity associations with preterm birth (logNP: Poverall = 0.006, Pnon-linear = 0.003; log4-T-OP: Poverall = 0.004, Pnon-linear = 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal serum concentration of NP was negatively associated with birth weight of perinatal infants (β = -14.68, 95% CI: -29.18, -0.19), which may be sensitive in male neonates (β = -26.18, 95% CI: -47.33, -5.02). The findings demonstrate that nonylphenol is a risk factor of preterm birth, and nonylphenol is negatively associated with the birth weight in male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunjiao Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Runfeng Liu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- Medical Administration Division, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebe, 075000, China
| | - Baoying Feng
- Department of Nutrition, RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530011, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Spatial, But Not Temporal, Kinematics of Spontaneous Upper Extremity Movements Are Related to Gross and Fine Motor Skill Attainment in Infancy. JOURNAL OF MOTOR LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jmld.2020-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spontaneous upper extremity movements in infancy provide insight on neuromotor development. Spatiotemporal kinematics have been used to evaluate typical development of reaching, a foundational motor skill in infancy. This study evaluates the relationship between spontaneous upper extremity movements, not elicited by a toy, and motor skill attainment. Methods: N = 12 healthy infants (2–8 months) participated in this longitudinal study (one to four sessions). Motor skills were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition: gross motor subtest (GM) and fine motor subtest. Spontaneous upper extremity movements were collected using 3D motion capture technology. Infants were placed in supine for three to twelve 30-s trials, and their movements were recorded. Repeated measure correlation coefficients (Rmcorr) were used to evaluate relationships between variables. Results: There were significant, moderate, positive relationships between the straight distance from start to end of a movement and (a) fine motor score (Rmcorr = .55, p = .03), (b) GM score (Rmcorr = .63, p = .01), and (c) age (Rmcorr = .56, p = .02). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between straightness ratio and GM score (Rmcorr = −.52, p = .047). Discussion: Fine and GM skills are related to the straight distance from start to end of a movement and the straightness ratio of underlying spontaneous upper extremity movements.
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Zuccarini M, Guarini A, Savini S, Faldella G, Sansavini A. Do 6-Month Motor Skills Have Cascading Effects on 12-Month Motor and Cognitive Development in Extremely Preterm and Full-Term Infants? Front Psychol 2020; 11:1297. [PMID: 32670158 PMCID: PMC7332837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed whether 6-month gross and fine motor skills were related to 12-month gross and fine motor skills and cognitive development, controlling for 6-month cognitive skills, and neonatal status (extremely low gestational age ELGA ≤ 28 weeks vs. full-term FT ≥ 37 weeks). We also investigated, at 6 months, predictive indexes for motor and cognitive delay at 12-months. We assessed 40 infants (20 ELGA and 20 FT) at 6 and 12 months (corrected age for the ELGA infants). Six-month gross motor skills were related to 12-month gross motor, fine motor, and cognitive skills and predicted 12-month gross motor delay. Six-month cognitive skills explained an additional amount of variance of 12-month gross motor skills, whereas neonatal status explained an additional amount of variance of 12-month cognitive skills. Considering the intradomain and cross-domain cascading effects of early gross motor skills on later motor and cognitive development, these skills should be repeatedly assessed in ELGA infants in the first year of life for early identification of infants with delayed gross motor skills and implementation of customized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Savini
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Faldella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Gima H, Teshima M, Tagami E, Sato T, Ohta H. The shape of disposable diaper affects spontaneous movements of lower limbs in young infants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16176. [PMID: 31700099 PMCID: PMC6838332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the characteristics of young infants' lower limb spontaneous movements based on differences in shape of diapers. Twenty-seven healthy infants (103 ± 16.3 days old) were enrolled in this study. We measured the spontaneous movements of their lower limbs in four conditions (Naked, wearing Normal type diapers, wearing Type A diapers, and wearing Type B diapers). The Normal diaper has a wider waist belt than the Type A diaper, and the Type B diaper has a narrower crotch area than the Type A diaper. We observed them in seven indices (the velocity of lower limb movements, the trajectory area of knee movement in the sagittal plane and the frontal plane, the distance between both knees and between side of abdomen and knee, and correlation of velocities between side of abdomen and knee and between left and right ankles). The results showed that the velocity of the lower limb movements in the Naked condition was higher than when wearing Normal diapers. The value for the trajectory area of knee movement in sagittal plane, which reflects the range of lower leg lifting movements and closeness of such movements to the trunk, for the Type B diaper condition was higher than that for the Normal diaper condition. This result indicates that the shape of the diaper affects the spontaneous movements of the lower limbs of young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Gima
- Child Developmental and Learning Research Center, Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8551, Japan
| | - Midori Teshima
- Global Research & Development Division, Unicharm Corporation, 1531-7 Wadahama, Toyohama-cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 769-1602, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tagami
- Global Research & Development Division, Unicharm Corporation, 1531-7 Wadahama, Toyohama-cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 769-1602, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Global Research & Development Division, Unicharm Corporation, 1531-7 Wadahama, Toyohama-cho, Kanonji, Kagawa, 769-1602, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Ohta
- Department of Pyschophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry, Asai Hospital, 38-1 Togane, Chiba, 283-0062, Japan. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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Bultmann CS, Orlikowsky T, Häusler M, Trepels-Kottek S, Disselhorst-Klug C, Schoberer M. Spontaneous movements in the first four months of life: An accelerometric study in moderate and late preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2019; 130:1-9. [PMID: 30639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate preterm infants (MPI) and late preterm infants (LPI) account for the majority of children born preterm. Up to 5% of MPI and LPI are estimated to manifest neurodevelopmental impairments. However, information about normal early motor development in these patients is lacking. AIM To find characteristic patterns for motor development in the first four months of life among MPI and LPI without risk factors for developmental impairment by using accelerometry of spontaneous movements. STUDY DESIGN Prospective and observational study. SUBJECTS Twenty-three MPI and LPI (9 female, 14 male) without known risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment were included in this study. Spontaneous movements were measured by accelerometry at the time of hospital discharge (mean: 36.6wks postmenstrual age (PMA)) and at the corrected age of three months (mean: 53.0wks PMA). OUTCOME MEASURES Motor development was described by analyzing 36 parameters calculated from the acceleration signal. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome was confirmed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development at the corrected age of two years. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two measurements could be shown in 26 out of the 36 parameters. Striking changes in motor development were an increase in acceleration and variability of the spontaneous movements, the main criterion for analyzing spontaneous movements. Furthermore, the regularity of spontaneous movements increased significantly. CONCLUSION Characteristic patterns of normal motor development in MPI and LPI can be identified and provide a basis for future investigations aiming at the early detection of abnormal motor development for this specific patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla-Sophie Bultmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Orlikowsky
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Trepels-Kottek
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Catherine Disselhorst-Klug
- Department of Rehabilitation and Prevention Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Schoberer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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