1
|
Mao J, Guo Y, Li H, Ge H, Zhang C, Feng H, Zhong J, Hu R, Wang X. Modulation of GPER1 alleviates early brain injury via inhibition of A1 reactive astrocytes activation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26909. [PMID: 38439827 PMCID: PMC10909704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early brain injury (EBI) caused by inflammatory responses in acute phase of Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) plays a vital role in the pathological progression of ICH. Increasing evidences demonstrate A1 reactive astrocytes are associated with the severity of EBI. G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) has been proved mediating the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in central nervous system (CNS) disease. However, whether GPER1 plays a protective effect on ICH and A1 reactive astrocytes activation is not well studied. Methods ICH model was established by infused the autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia in wild type and GPER1 knockout mice. GPER1 specific agonist G1 and antagonist G15 were administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 h or 0.5 h after ICH. Neurological function was detected on day 1 and day 3 by open field test and corner turn test following ICH. Besides, A1 reactive astrocytes were determined by immunofluorescence staining after ICH on day 3. To further identify the possible mechanism of GPER1 mediated neuroprotective effect, Western blot assays was performed after ICH on day 3. Results After ICH, G1 treatment alleviated mice neurobehavior deficits on day 1 and day 3. Meanwhile, G1 treatment also significantly reduced the GFAP positive astrocytes and the C3 positive cells after ICH. Interestingly, G15 reversed the protective effect of G1 on the neurobehavior of ICH mice. Meanwhile, the expression of GFAP+C3+ A1 reactive astrocytes were also reduced by activation of GPER1. Mechanistic studies indicated TLR4 and NF-κB mediated the neuroprotective effect of GPER1. Conclusion Generally, activation of GPER1 alleviated the EBI through inhibiting A1 reactive astrocytes activation via TLR4/NF-κB pathway after ICH in mice. Additionally, GPER1may be a promising target for ICH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongkun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Chen J, Sun M, Zhang L, Yu Y, Mi W, Ma Y, Wang G. Protection of Ndrg2 deficiency on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00971. [PMID: 38407220 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion (R-I/R) injury is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury, with high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) in R-I/R injury. METHODS We examined the expression of Ndrg2 in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and after R-I/R injury by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We then detected R-I/R injury in Ndrg2-deficient (Ndrg2-/-) mice and wild type (Ndrg2+/+) littermates in vivo, and detected oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion injury (OGD-R) in HK-2 cells. We further conducted transcriptomic sequencing to investigate the role of Ndrg2 in R-I/R injury and detected levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by dihydroethidium staining, biochemical assays, and western blot. Finally, we measured the levels of mitophagy in Ndrg2+/+ and Ndrg2-/- mice after R-I/R injury or HK-2 cells in OGD-R injury. RESULTS We found that Ndrg2 was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules and significantly decreased its expression 24 h after R-I/R injury. Ndrg2-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated R-I/R injury compared to Ndrg2+/+ mice. Transcriptomics profiling showed that Ndrg2 deficiency induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, downregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and increased autophagy following R-I/R injury. Further studies revealed that Ndrg2 deficiency reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Notably, Ndrg2 deficiency significantly activated phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The downregulation of NDRG2 expression significantly increased cell viability after OGD-R injury, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1, decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and increased the expression of the PINK1/Parkin pathway. CONCLUSION Ndrg2 deficiency might become a therapy target for R-I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong H, Wen X, Zhang BW, Wu Z, Zou W. Astrocytes in intracerebral hemorrhage: impact and therapeutic objectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1327472. [PMID: 38419793 PMCID: PMC10899346 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1327472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) manifests precipitously and profoundly impairs the neurological function in patients who are affected. The etiology of subsequent injury post-ICH is multifaceted, characterized by the intricate interplay of various factors, rendering therapeutic interventions challenging. Astrocytes, a distinct class of glial cells, interact with neurons and microglia, and are implicated in a series of pathophysiological alterations following ICH. A comprehensive examination of the functions and mechanisms associated with astrocytic proteins may shed light on the role of astrocytes in ICH pathology and proffer innovative therapeutic avenues for ICH management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Wen Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The Third Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li M, Yu J, Deng H, Xie S, Li Q, Zhao Y, Yin S, Ji YF. Upregulation of glutamate transporter 1 by mTOR/Akt pathway in astrocyte culture during oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:201-209. [PMID: 36436003 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-specific glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) plays an important role in influencing glutamate excitatory toxicity and preventing the death of excitatory toxic neurons. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/protein kinase B(Akt)/nuclear factor kappa B signaling cascade is involved in the upregulation of astrocytic GLT-1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), it is unclear whether the mTOR/Akt pathway is involved in astrocytic GLT-1 upregulation in OGD and reoxygenation (OGD/R). In this study, we found that the treatment of cultured astrocytes with rapamycin and triciribine led to the decreased astrocytes' protrusions, smaller nuclei, and an increased apoptotic rate. The inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 significantly increased the expression levels of phosphorylated Akt-Ser473 (p-Akt), phosphorylated Akt-Thr308(p-Akt), and GLT-1, while Akt-specific inhibitors blocked GLT-1 expression, suggesting that the mTOR/Akt pathway is involved in GLT-1 upregulation. We further demonstrated that astrocytes under OGD/R adapted to environmental changes through the mTOR/Akt pathway, mainly by altering cell morphology and apoptosis and upregulating the expression levels of p-Akt and GLT-1. Our results suggested that astrocytes may adapt to short-term ischemic-reperfusion injury by regulating cell morphology, apoptosis and GLT-1 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Yilong County People's Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shansha Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubin Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fei Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Clinical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guang Z, Min Z, Jun-Tan L, Tian-Xu D, Xiang G. Single-cell protein activity analysis reveals a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes and the corresponding key master regulator proteins associated with anti-senescence and OA progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1077003. [PMID: 37033917 PMCID: PMC10077735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1077003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent senescence-related disease with substantial joint pain, loss of joint function, and cartilage degeneration. Because of the paucity of single-cell studies of OA and the gene dropout problem of single-cell RNA sequencing, it is difficult to acquire an in-depth understanding of the molecular characteristics of various chondrocyte clusters. Methods Here, we aimed to provide new insights into chondrocyte senescence and a rationale for the development of effective intervention strategies for OA by using published single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets and the metaVIPER algorithm (Virtual Inference of Protein activity by Enriched Regulon). This algorithm was employed to present a proteome catalog of 62,449 chondrocytes from the cartilage of healthy individuals and OA patients at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, histopathologic analysis was carried out in cartilage samples from clinical patients and experimental mouse models of OA to validate above results. Results We identified 16 protein-activity-based chondrocyte clusters as well as the underlying master regulators in each cluster. By assessing the enrichment score of each cluster in bulk RNA-sequencing data, followed by gene-set variation analysis, we preliminarily identified a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes (cluster 3). This clinically relevant cluster was predicted to be the main chondrocyte cluster responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis and anti-senescence. Specifically, we uncovered a set of the key leading-edge proteins of cluster 3 by validating the robustness of the above results using another human chondrocyte single-cell RNA-sequencing data set, consisting of 24,675 chondrocytes. Furthermore, cartilage samples from clinical patients and experimental mouse models of OA were used to evaluate the expression patterns of these leading-edge proteins, and the results indicated that NDRG2, TSPYL2, JMJD6 and HMGB2 are closely associated with OA pathogenesis and might play critical roles in modulating cellular homeostasis and anti-senescence in chondrocytes. Conclusion Our study revealed a novel subpopulation of chondrocytes that are critical for anti-progression of OA and the corresponding master regulator proteins, which might serve as therapeutic targets in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Guang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang Min
- Department of Obstetrics, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Jun-Tan
- Department of Sport Medicine and Joint Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dou Tian-Xu
- Department of Sport Medicine and Joint Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gao Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Gao Xiang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng D, Zhou J, Liu H, Wu X, Li F, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Chao M, Wang Q, Qin H, Ge S, Liu Q, Zhang J, Qu Y. Astrocytic NDRG2-PPM1A interaction exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2423. [PMID: 36179025 PMCID: PMC9524825 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury critically exacerbates the poor prognosis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The massively increased matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) plays a deleterious role in BBB. However, the main source and mechanism of MMP-9 production after SAH remain unclear. We reported that the increased MMP-9 was mainly derived from reactive astrocytes after SAH. Ndrg2 knockout in astrocytes inhibited MMP-9 expression after SAH and attenuated BBB damage. Astrocytic Ndrg2 knockout decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and the transcription of MMP-9. Notably, cytoplasmic NDRG2 bound to the protein phosphatase PPM1A and restricted the dephosphorylation of Smad2/3. Accordingly, TAT-QFNP12, a novel engineered peptide that could block the NDRG2-PPM1A binding and reduce Smad2/3 dephosphorylation, decreased astrocytic MMP-9 production and BBB disruption after SAH. In conclusion, this study identified NDRG2-PPM1A signaling in reactive astrocytes as a key switch for MMP-9 production and provided a novel therapeutic avenue for BBB protection after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Min Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Huaizhou Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, International Cooperation Platform for Encephalopathy of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen S, Li L, Peng C, Bian C, Ocak PE, Zhang JH, Yang Y, Zhou D, Chen G, Luo Y. Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response for Blood-Brain Barrier Protection in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:115-134. [PMID: 35383484 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a major pathological change after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is both the cause and result of oxidative stress and of the immune response post-ICH. These processes contribute to ICH-induced brain injury. Recent Advances: After the breakdown of cerebral vessels, blood components, including erythrocytes and their metabolites, thrombin, and fibrinogen, can access the cerebral parenchyma through the compromised BBB, triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades. These aggravate BBB disruption and contribute to further infiltration of blood components, resulting in a vicious cycle that exacerbates brain edema and neurological injury after ICH. Experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the role of BBB disruption in ICH-induced brain injury. Critical Issues: In this review, we focus on the strategies to protect the BBB in ICH. Specifically, we summarize the evidence and the underlying mechanisms, including the ICH-induced process of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and we highlight the potential therapeutic targets to protect BBB integrity after ICH. Future Directions: Future studies should probe the mechanism of ferroptosis as well as oxidative stress-inflammation coupling in BBB disruption after ICH and investigate the effects of antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents in more ICH clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 115-134.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunjing Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinar Eser Ocak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Institute of Neuroscience, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 2 (Ndrg2): A Critical Mediator of Estrogen-Induced Neuroprotection Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4793-4804. [PMID: 35622273 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that estrogen plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia, but the molecular mechanism of this protection is still elusive. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2), an estrogen-targeted gene, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia in male mice. However, the role of Ndrg2 in the neuroprotective effect of estrogen remains unknown. In this study, we first detected NDRG2 expression levels in the cortex and striatum in both female and male mice with western blot analyses. We then detected cerebral ischemic injury by constructing middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R) models in Ndrg2 knockout or conditional knockdown female mice. We further implemented estrogen, ERα, or ERβ agonist replacement in the ovariectomized (OVX) Ndrg2 knockout or conditional knockdown female mice, then tested for NDRG2 expression, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and extent of cerebral ischemic injury. We found that NDRG2 expression was significantly higher in female than in male mice in both the cortex and striatum. Ndrg2 knockouts and conditional knockdowns showed significantly aggravated cerebral ischemic injury in female mice. Estrogen and ERβ replacement treatment (DPN) led to NDRG2 upregulation in both the cortex and striatum of OVX mice. Estrogen and DPN also led to GFAP upregulation in OVX mice. However, the effect of estrogen and DPN in activating astrocytes was lost in Ndrg2 knockout OVX mice and primary cultured astrocytes, but partially retained in conditional knockdown OVX mice. Most importantly, we found that the neuroprotective effects of E2 and DPN against cerebral ischemic injury were lost in Ndrg2 knockout OVX mice but partially retained in conditional knockdown OVX mice. These findings demonstrate that estrogen alleviated cerebral ischemic injury via ERβ upregulation of Ndrg2, which could activate astrocytes, indicating that Ndrg2 is a critical mediator of E2-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury.
Collapse
|
9
|
TNF-α induces AQP4 overexpression in astrocytes through the NF-κB pathway causing cellular edema and apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230993. [PMID: 35260880 PMCID: PMC8935387 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is highly expressed on astrocytes and is critical for controlling brain water transport in neurological diseases. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a common cytokine found in disease microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine whether TNF-α can regulate the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of TNF-α and the cell viability was assessed through cell counting kit-8 assay and AQP4 expression was detected by qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence assays. The activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway was detected by western blot. Further, dual-luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to detect the transcriptional regulation of AQP4 by p65. These experiments demonstrated that treatment with TNF-α can lead to astrocyte edema and an increase in AQP4 expression. Following TNF-α treatment, the expression levels of P-IKKα/β-IκBα and P-p65 increased significantly over time. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p65 protein and AQP4 promoter had a robust binding effect after TNF-α treatment, and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 could inhibit these effects of TNF-α. The expression level of AQP4 was significantly decreased upon p65 interference, while the astrocyte viability was significantly increased compared to that in the TNF-α only group. In conclusion, TNF-α activated NF-κB pathway, which promoted the binding of p65 to the AQP4 gene promoter region, and enhanced AQP4 expression, ultimately reducing astrocyte viability and causing cell edema.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Z, Zhao B, Mao J, Sun Z. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 protects against intracerebral hemorrhage through microRNA-146a-mediated inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3969-3980. [PMID: 35113000 PMCID: PMC8974162 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and participants in ICH pathogenesis. We designed this study to probe the potential functions and mechanisms of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in ICH. The ICH model was established and the rats were treated with MALAT1-shRNA or MALAT1-shRNA+miR-146a inhibitor 1 h after ICH induction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to examine the relationship between MALAT1 and miR-146a. In addition, rat neurobehavioral changes, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis were measured in this study. Furthermore, the pro‑inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), while the oxidative stress factors, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were also evaluated. Lastly, a Western blot assay was employed to examine the protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-p65 and p65. First, we found that MALAT1 was expressed at higher levels in ICH rats. miR-146a is a target gene of MALAT1 and is downregulated in ICH rats. Downregulation of MALAT1 inhibited the neurological scores, brain water content, and neuronal apoptosis, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevented oxidative stress in ICH rats. In addition, the protein level of p-p65 and the ratio of p-p65/p65 were decreased in the MALAT1-shRNA group. All the effects of MALAT1-shRNA on ICH rats were reversed by miR-146a inhibitor co-treatment. In conclusion, downregulation of MALAT1 protected against ICH by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress by upregulating miR-146a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui China
| | - Baoshuai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui China
| | - Jianhui Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui China
| | - Zhaosheng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hengshui People's Hospital, Hengshui China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Khan S, Liu Y, Zhang R, Li H, Wu G, Tang Z, Xue M, Yong VW. Modes of Brain Cell Death Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:799753. [PMID: 35185473 PMCID: PMC8851202 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.799753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high rates of mortality and morbidity. It induces cell death that is responsible for neurological deficits postinjury. There are no therapies that effectively mitigate cell death to treat ICH. This review aims to summarize our knowledge of ICH-induced cell death with a focus on apoptosis and necrosis. We also discuss the involvement of ICH in recently described modes of cell death including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and parthanatos. We summarize treatment strategies to mitigate brain injury based on particular cell death pathways after ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhou Xue,
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- V. Wee Yong,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Takarada-Iemata M, Hori O. [Astrocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:230-234. [PMID: 34193702 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and is designated as an intractable disease in Japan. It is characterized by dissemination of plaque-like sclerosis in space and time, accompanied with various symptoms corresponding to the CNS lesion site. Typically, neurological symptoms chronically progress accompanied with relapses and remissions, and there is still no curative therapy. A number of studies using MS specimen and the animal MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have shown that MS is an autoimmune disease that targets myelin sheath in the CNS. Autoreactive T cells and B cells play a central role in pathogenesis of MS. MS comprise relapsing-remitting MS and progressive MS, the latter accumulates clinical disability without relapse. Based on the importance of adaptive immunity, various disease-modifying drugs have been developed to treat relapsing-remitting MS. On the other hand, an effective treatment for progressive MS has not yet been established. Increasing evidence have been recognized glial cells as key components of MS immunopathology, in addition to innate immunity and adaptive immunity. However, molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between immune cells, glial cells and neurons remain to be elucidated. Here, we review MS pathology and recent advances in the disease-modifying therapy that efficiently reduce disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS and introduce an update of recent evidence that astrocyte is involved in the MS pathology with including our research analyzed in mouse EAE model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhu L. Upregulation of P53 promotes nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration through upregulating NDRG2. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1966-1975. [PMID: 34051015 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
P53 is an apoptosis marker which is involved in determining nucleus pulposus (NP) cell fate. Little is known about P53 interaction with N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Here, we studied the role of the P53-NDRG2 axis in IVDD. We found that NDRG2 was expressed in NP tissue obtained from patients with IVDD. The level of NDRG2 was positively related to the severity of IVDD, as determined by Pfirrmann grading. Subsequently, we overexpressed NDRG2 in human NP cells by adenoviral transfection and studied the effects of increased levels of NDRG2 on the viability and apoptosis of these cells. NDRG2 overexpression induced NP cell apoptosis and reduced viability in NP cells obtained from patient with IVDD. We also found that the level of P53 was elevated in NP cells from patients with IVDD and treatment with exogenous P53 upregulated NDRG2 in NP cells. Last, IVDD model was established in P53 knockout mice and the pathological changes in the intervertebral discs and NDRG2 expression were examined. P53 knockout can reduce the damage of NP tissues after IVDD surgery to some extent. Restoration of NDRG2 antagonized the effect of P53 knockout on IVDD. Collectively, this study suggests that elevated P53 in NP cells stimulates apoptosis of the cells by upregulating NDRG2 expression, thereby exacerbating IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuyang Orthopaedics and Traumatology Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuyang Orthopaedics and Traumatology Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuyang Orthopaedics and Traumatology Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Limin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuyang Orthopaedics and Traumatology Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Takarada-Iemata M. Roles of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in the central nervous system: molecular basis and relevance to pathophysiology. Anat Sci Int 2020; 96:1-12. [PMID: 33174183 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a member of the NDRG family, whose members have multiple functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress responses. NDRG2 is widely distributed in the central nervous system and is uniquely expressed by astrocytes; however, its role in brain function remains elusive. The clinical relevance of NDRG2 and the molecular mechanisms in which it participates have been reported by studies using cultured cells and specimens of patients with neurological disorders. In recent years, genetic tools, including several lines of Ndrg2-knockout mice and virus-mediated gene transfer, have improved understanding of the roles of NDRG2 in vivo. This review aims to provide an update of recent growing in vivo evidence that NDRG2 is involved in brain function, focusing on research of Ndrg2-knockout mice with neurological disorders such as brain tumors, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and acute brain insults including brain injury and cerebral stroke. These studies demonstrate that NDRG2 plays diverse roles in the regulation of astrocyte reactivity, blood-brain barrier integrity, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Further elucidation of the roles of NDRG2 and their molecular basis may provide novel therapeutic approaches for various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tao K, Cai Q, Zhang X, Zhu L, Liu Z, Li F, Wang Q, Liu L, Feng D. Astrocytic histone deacetylase 2 facilitates delayed depression and memory impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage by negatively regulating glutamate transporter-1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:691. [PMID: 32617311 PMCID: PMC7327310 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Delayed cognitive impairment (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most common sequelae in patients. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the course and glutamatergic pathogenesis of DCI after SAH in mice. Methods A SAH mouse model of internal carotid puncture was used. Depressive and cognitive behaviors were detected by forced swimming and sucrose preference tests and Morris water maze test, respectively. Microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to detect the interstitial glutamate. The expressions of histone deacetylases (HDACs), glutamate transporters, and glutamate receptors were examined. Primary astrocytes magnetically sorted from adult mice were cultured for glutamate uptake assay and protein and mRNA detection. Selective HDAC2 inhibitor and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) inhibitor administered via were intraperitoneal injection to evaluate their effects on DCI in SAH mice. Results Depression and memory impairment lasted for more than 12 weeks and peaked at 8 weeks after SAH. Interstitial glutamate accumulation in the hippocampus and impaired glutamate uptake in astrocytes of the SAH mice were found during DCI, which could be explained by there being a significant decrease in GLT-1 expression but not in glutamate and aspartate transporter (GLAST) in hippocampal astrocytes. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation level of excitatory glutamate receptors (GluN2B and GluA1) in the hippocampus was significantly reduced, although there was no significant change in the expression of the receptors. Importantly, the expression of HDAC2 increased most significantly in astrocytes after SAH compared with that of other subtypes of HDACs. Inhibition of HDAC2 markedly rescued the decrease in GLT-1 expression after SAH through transcriptional regulation. Behavioral results showed that a selective HDAC2 inhibitor effectively improved DCI in SAH mice, but this effect could be weakened by GLT-1 inhibition. Conclusions In summary, our study suggests that the dysfunction of GLT-1-mediated glutamate uptake in astrocytes may be a key pathological mechanism of DCI after SAH, and that a specific inhibitor of HDAC2 may exert a potential therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- China-Nepal Friendship Medical Research Center of Rajiv Kumar Jha, School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenru Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute for Functional Brain Disorders, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|