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Castilla-Llorente C, Bonnin A, Lansiaux P, Tudesq JJ, Beuvon C, Fabreguettes JR, Pers YM, Pugnet G, Maria ATJ, Puyade M, Urbain F, Terriou L, Poindron V, Jachiet M, Cacciatore C, Lescoat A, Prata PH, Munia I, Madelaine I, Thieblemont C, Tarte K, Yakoub-Agha I, Magro L, Farge D, Marjanovic Z. [Prerequisite and organisation of health-care pathways for Cell and Gene therapies, using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) or Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, in patients with autoimmune systemic diseases]. Bull Cancer 2024:S0007-4551(24)00267-4. [PMID: 39242251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
First-line treatments of autoimmune systemic diseases (ARD) are based on the use of various types of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs, either alone or in association, according to standardized reference protocols. Prolonged use of these drugs in severe or refractory ARD is associated with high morbidity and increased mortality. Innovative cell therapies represent a new promising approach for patients with ARDs, with the recent clinical use of: a) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), based on their immunomodulatory, antifibrotic and pro-angiogenic properties and b) Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) T cell therapies T lymphocytes, where genetically modified expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells). Therapeutic use of MSC or CAR-T cells, remains indications of exception in patients with severe ARDs resistant to prior standard therapies with new prerequisite and organisation of health-care pathways as compared to traditional drugs, not only for the Cell and Gene Therapy (CGT) product definition and delivery process, but also for the patient clinical management before and after administration of the CGT product. The aim of this workshop under the auspices of the French Speaking Society of Bone Marrow and Cell transplantation (SFGM-TC) working group on autoimmune diseases (MATHEC) is to describe: a) the prerequisite for French hospitals to set-up the specific health-care pathways for MSC or CART therapy in ARDs patients, in accordance with regulatory and safety needs to perform academic or industry sponsored clinical trials, and b) the care-pathway for ARD patients treated with CGT, highlighting the importance of working in tandem between the ARD and the CAR-T cell specialist all along the indication, procedures and follow-up of ARDs. Patient safety considerations are central to guidance on patient selection to be validated collectively at the multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM) based on recent (less than 3 months) thorough patient evaluation. MSC and CAR-T procedural aspects and follow-up are then carried out within appropriately experienced and SFGM-TC accredited centres in close collaboration with the ADs specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnès Bonnin
- Service d'hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Lansiaux
- Unité de médecine interne (UF04) : CRMR MATHEC, maladies auto-immunes et thérapie cellulaire, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Île-de-France, AP-HP, hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; URP3518, IRSL, recherche clinique en hématologie, immunologie et transplantation, université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Tudesq
- Service d'hématologie clinique, CHU de Montpellier, université de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Beuvon
- Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Roch Fabreguettes
- Agence générale des équipements et produits de santé (AGEPS), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- Inserm UMR 1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France; Inserm, Clinical immunology and osteoarticular diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, IRMB, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Pugnet
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU de Toulouse Rangueil, 2, rue Viguerie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Thibault Jacques Maria
- Médecine interne et immuno-oncologie (MedI20), CHU de Montpellier, hôpital Saint-Eloi, université de Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Puyade
- Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CIC-1402, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, 9, rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Fanny Urbain
- Service de médecine interne 2, Sorbonne Université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), groupement hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence pour le lupus, le syndrome des anti-phospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes rares, Paris, France
| | - Louis Terriou
- Département de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes et auto-inflammatoires rares (CERAINO), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Poindron
- Service d'immunologie clinique et médecine interne, centre de références des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares (CNR RESO), hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Jachiet
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carlotta Cacciatore
- Unité de médecine interne (UF04) : CRMR MATHEC, maladies auto-immunes et thérapie cellulaire, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Île-de-France, AP-HP, hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; URP3518, IRSL, recherche clinique en hématologie, immunologie et transplantation, université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Alain Lescoat
- Department of Internal Medicine & Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Ingrid Munia
- Unité de médecine interne (UF04) : CRMR MATHEC, maladies auto-immunes et thérapie cellulaire, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Île-de-France, AP-HP, hôpital St-Louis, 75010 Paris, France; URP3518, IRSL, recherche clinique en hématologie, immunologie et transplantation, université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Madelaine
- Pharmacie, hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France; Société française de pharmacie oncologique (SFPO), Paris, France
| | | | - Karin Tarte
- Équipe labellisée Ligue, UMR_ S 1236, Inserm, Université de Rennes, EFS Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | | | - Leonardo Magro
- Unité d'allogreffe, maladies du sang, CHRU, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Farge
- Service d'hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; URP3518, IRSL, recherche clinique en hématologie, immunologie et transplantation, université Paris Cité, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Medicine, McGill University, H3A 1A1 Montreal, Canada
| | - Zora Marjanovic
- Service d'hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.
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2
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Yakoub-Agha I, Greco R, Onida F, de la Cámara R, Ciceri F, Corbacioglu S, Dolstra H, Glass B, Kenyon M, McLornan DP, Neven B, de Latour RP, Peric Z, Ruggeri A, Snowden JA, Sureda A, Sánchez-Ortega I. Practice harmonization workshops of EBMT: an expert-based approach to generate practical and contemporary guidelines within the arena of hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023:10.1038/s41409-023-01958-w. [PMID: 36973515 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-01958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and cellular therapy (CT), clinical patient care is localized, and practices may differ between countries and from center to center even within the same country. Historically, international guidelines were not always adapted to the changing daily clinical practice and practical topics there were not always addressed. In the absence of well-established guidelines, centers tended to develop local procedures/policies, frequently with limited communication with other centers. To try to harmonize localized clinical practices for malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders within EBMT scope, the practice harmonization and guidelines (PH&G) committee of the EBMT will co-ordinate workshops with topic-specific experts from interested centers. Each workshop will discuss a specific issue and write guidelines/recommendations that practically addresses the topic under review. To provide clear, practical and user-friendly guidelines when international consensus is lacking, the EBMT PH&G committee plans to develop European guidelines by HCT and CT physicians for peers’ use. Here, we define how workshops will be conducted and guidelines/recommendations produced, approved and published. Ultimately, there is an aspiration for some topics, where there is sufficient evidence base to be considered for systematic reviews, which are a more robust and future-proofed basis for guidelines/recommendations than consensus opinion.
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Systematic Review on CAR-T Cell Clinical Trials Up to 2022: Academic Center Input. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041003. [PMID: 36831349 PMCID: PMC9954171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells therapy initiated by the United States and China is still currently led by these two countries with a high number of clinical trials, with Europe lagging in launching its first trials. In this systematic review, we wanted to establish an overview of the production of CAR-T cells in clinical trials around the world, and to understand the causes of this delay in Europe. We particularly focused on the academic centers that are at the heart of research and development of this therapy. We counted 1087 CAR-T cells clinical trials on ClinicalTrials.gov (Research registry ID: reviewregistry1542) on the date of 25 January 2023. We performed a global analysis, before analyzing the 58 European trials, 34 of which sponsored by academic centers. Collaboration between an academic and an industrial player seems to be necessary for the successful development and application for marketing authorization of a CAR-T cell, and this collaboration is still cruelly lacking in European trials, unlike in the leading countries. Europe, still far behind the two leading countries, is trying to establish measures to lighten the regulations surrounding ATMPs and to encourage, through the addition of fundings, clinical trials involving these treatments.
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4
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[CAR-T CELLS: How does the EBMT registry monitor European activities, identify hurdles and prepare for changes in regulations]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:S155-S161. [PMID: 34920798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CAR-T Cells are gene therapy medicinal products, a subcategory of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as defined in the EC Regulation 1394/2007. They may represent the first example of such medicinal products that are industry-manufactured and commercialized on a large scale. Their very nature, their manufacturing processes, pricing and conditions upon which they were approved by regulatory agencies, all lead the latter to require long-term follow-up after marketing approval with a view for a better definition of CAR-T Cells safety profile and efficacy profile in real world conditions. Collection and analysis of data over a 15-year period of time represents a technical and political challenge. So does the a priori definition of data to be collected for a wealth of forthcoming analyses that focus on the interests of a variety of stakeholders. EBMT has been collecting and analyzing data on hematopoietic cell transplants for decades. EBMT currently works with many interested parties to collect data on patients treated with CAR-T Cells.
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5
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Rubio MT, Varlet P, Allain V, Ballot C, Cuffel A, Deschamps M, Ferrand C, Foguenne J, Forcade E, Huynh A, Guihot A, Latouche JB, Lemarie C, Martinroche G, Morin F, Nguyen S, Schmit K, Servais S, Simonetta F, Yakoub-Agha I, Caillat Zucman S. [Immunomonitoring of patients treated with CAR-T cells for hematological malignancy: Guidelines from the CARTi group and the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:S53-S64. [PMID: 34253335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CAR-T cells represent a new anti-tumor immunotherapy which has shown its clinical efficacy in B-cell malignancies. The results of clinical trials carried out in this context have shown that certain immunological characteristics of patients before (at the time of apheresis) and after the administration of the treatment, or of the CAR-T cells themselves, are correlated with the response to the treatment or to its toxicity. However, to date, there are no recommendations on the immunological monitoring of patients treated in real life. The objectives of this workshop were to determine, based on data from the literature and the experience of the centers, the immunological analyses to be carried out in patients treated with CAR-T cells. The recommendations relate to the characterization of the patient's immune cells at the time of apheresis, the characterization of the injected CAR-T cells, as well as the monitoring of the CAR-T cells and other parameters of immune reconstitution in the patient after administration of the treatment. Harmonization of practices will allow clinical-biological correlation studies to be carried out in patients treated in real life with the aim of identifying factors predictive of response and toxicity. Such data could have a major medico-economic impact by making it possible to identify the patients who will optimally benefit from these expensive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Thérèse Rubio
- CHRU Nancy, Hopital Brabois, Biopole de l'Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7563 IMoPa, Service d'hématologie, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Varlet
- Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, LIRIC, INSERM U995, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Allain
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, France
| | - Caroline Ballot
- Établissement Français du Sang Hauts-de-France, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire EFS site de Lille, Normandie, France
| | - Alexis Cuffel
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- Ets Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1098, 25020 Besançon, France
| | | | - Jacques Foguenne
- CHU de Liège, domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman B35, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, Unilab Lg, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Edouard Forcade
- CHU Bordeaux, service d'hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Huynh
- IUCT Oncopole, service d'hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Amélie Guihot
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, département d'immunologie, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Latouche
- CHU de Rouen, UMR Université/Inserm U1234, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Biothérapies, France
| | - Claude Lemarie
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, and Inserm CBT 1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapie, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Martinroche
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Morin
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, France
| | - Stéphanie Nguyen
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, service d'hématologie 75013, Paris, France
| | - Kathleen Schmit
- CHU de Liège, domaine universitaire du Sart-Tilman B35, Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, Unilab Lg, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Sophie Servais
- Université de Liège, CHU de Liège, service d'hématologie, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | - Federico Simonetta
- University of Geneva, Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine and Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva, Suisse
| | | | - Sophie Caillat Zucman
- Université de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP Nord, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, France
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Carnoy S, Beaumont JL, Kanouni T, Parquet N, Beauvais D, Hequet O, Kanold J, Ballot C, Mialou V, Reppel L, Damaj G, Yakoub-Agha I, Chabannon C. [How to perform leukapheresis for procurement of the staring material used for commercial CAR T-cell manufacturing: A consensus from experts convened by the SFGM-TC]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:295-303. [PMID: 33610284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are a new class of cancer treatments manufactured through autologous or allogeneic T cells genetic engineering to induce CAR expression directed against a membrane antigen present at the surface of malignant cells. In Europe, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) has a marketing authorization for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults and for the relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The marketing authorization for axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) is the treatment of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Both products are "living drugs" and genetically modified autologous T cells directed against CD19 which is an antigen expressed throughout B lymphoid differentiation and on many B malignancies. This collaborative work - part of a series of expert works on the topic - aims to provide practical advice to assist collection facilities that procure the starting material i.e. blood mononuclear cells for autologous CAR T-cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Carnoy
- EFS Nord de France, site de Lille, 38-42, avenue Charles-Saint-Venant, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Beaumont
- CHU de Henri-Mondor CRETEIL-UPEC, unité d'aphérèses thérapeutiques, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Tarik Kanouni
- CHU de Montpellier, service d'hématologie, unité d'hémaphrèse, 19, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Parquet
- AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, service aphérèse thérapeutique, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - David Beauvais
- University Lille, CHU de Lille, Department of Hematology, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Olivier Hequet
- Hospices civils de Lyon, établissement français du sang, Departement of Apheresis, Inserm U1111, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Justina Kanold
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, CIC Inserm 501, 1, rue Lucie-et-Raymond-Aubrac, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Ballot
- EFS Nord de France, laboratoire de thérapie cellulaire et banque de sang placentaire, site de Lille-Belfort, 10, boulevard de Belfort, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Mialou
- Hôpital E.-Herriot, banque de tissus et cellules, établissement français du sang, 5, place d'Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Reppel
- CHRU de Nancy, unité de thérapie cellulaire et banque de tissus, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Gandhi Damaj
- Université de Caen-Normandie, CHU de Caen, institut d'hématologie, avenue de la Côte-de-Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- Université Lille, CHU de Lille, Infinite, U1286, Inserm, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Aix-Marseille University, institut Paoli-Calmettes Comprehensive Cancer Center, centre de thérapie cellulaire, Inserm CBT-1409, 232, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France
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7
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Beauvais D, Andrianne C, Aubrun C, Berquier M, Bole S, Caulier A, Courbon C, Delorme J, Fournier I, François G, Jaivenois MF, Le Bars L, Mussot I, Vercasson M, Wallart Brejaud A, Yakoub-Agha I, Lacroix D. Le parcours de soins du patient dans le cadre des CAR T-cell : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC). Bull Cancer 2020; 107:S170-S177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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[Quality assessment of CAR T-cell activity: Recommendations of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:S193-S201. [PMID: 33187683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CAR T-cells are anti-cancer immunocellular therapy drugs that involve reprogramming the patient's T-cells using a transgene encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Although CAR T-cells are cellular therapies, the organization for manufacturing and delivering these medicinal products is in many ways different from the one for hematopoietic cell grafts or donor lymphocyte infusions. The implementation of this innovative therapy is recent and requires close coordination between clinical teams, the therapeutic apheresis unit, the cell therapy unit, the pharmaceutical laboratory, and pharmacy. Apart from the regulatory texts, which are regularly modified, and the specific requirements of each pharmaceutical laboratory, there is currently no guide to help the centers initiating their activity and there is no specific indicator to assess the quality of the CAR T-cell activity in each center. The purpose of the current harmonization workshop is to clarify the regulatory prerequisites warranted for a center to have a CAR T-cell activity and to propose recommendations for implementing quality tools, in particular indicators, and allowing their sharing.
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Demaret J, Varlet P, Trauet J, Beauvais D, Grossemy A, Hégo F, Yakoub-Agha I, Labalette M. Monitoring CAR T-cells using flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:218-224. [PMID: 32841511 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is considered as a major scientific breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. The success of adoptive CAR T-cell therapy for cancer has inspired researchers to expand indications into the area of solid tumors, autoimmune and infectious diseases. The most important factors influencing outcome and durability of the response after infusion of CAR T-cell are proliferation and persistence of this cell subset. It becomes therefore important to detect easily and monitor circulating CAR T-cells into blood samples. Approaches such as quantitative PCR (qPCR) or flow cytometry have been developed. The aim of this study was to set up and optimize a reachable flow cytometry technique using labeled CD19 protein for the measurement of CAR T-cells in infusion bag and patient's blood. METHODS Patients receiving Yescarta in Cell Therapy Unit (Department of hematology, Lille university hospital, France) between April and October 2019 and healthy volunteers were included to set up the flow cytometry technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We assessed feasibility in clinic and suitability to routine workload of a flow cytometry technique to follow CAR T-cells in infusion bag and patient's blood. With only a few manual steps, the present protocol allows the technician to perform this technique among other routine tasks, meaning a time to results of <2 hr after sample reception. We were also able to assess CAR T-cell heterogenity in terms of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes within the subset. Moreover, this technique allows monitoring of both authority approved CD19 CAR T-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Demaret
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Varlet
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Trauet
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - David Beauvais
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.,Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Grossemy
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Florent Hégo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.,Department of Hematology, CHU Lille, Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
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Yakoub-Agha I, Chabannon C, Bader P, Basak GW, Bonig H, Ciceri F, Corbacioglu S, Duarte RF, Einsele H, Hudecek M, Kersten MJ, Köhl U, Kuball J, Mielke S, Mohty M, Murray J, Nagler A, Robinson S, Saccardi R, Sanchez-Guijo F, Snowden JA, Srour M, Styczynski J, Urbano-Ispizua A, Hayden PJ, Kröger N. Management of adults and children undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: best practice recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE). Haematologica 2020; 105:297-316. [PMID: 31753925 PMCID: PMC7012497 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.229781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a novel class of anti-cancer therapy in which autologous or allogeneic T cells are engineered to express a CAR targeting a membrane antigen. In Europe, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) is approved for the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults as well as relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, while axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) is approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory high-grade B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. Both agents are genetically engineered autologous T cells targeting CD19. These practical recommendations, prepared under the auspices of the European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, relate to patient care and supply chain management under the following headings: patient eligibility, screening laboratory tests and imaging and work-up prior to leukapheresis, how to perform leukapheresis, bridging therapy, lymphodepleting conditioning, product receipt and thawing, infusion of CAR T cells, short-term complications including cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, antibiotic prophylaxis, medium-term complications including cytopenias and B-cell aplasia, nursing and psychological support for patients, long-term follow-up, post-authorization safety surveillance, and regulatory issues. These recommendations are not prescriptive and are intended as guidance in the use of this novel therapeutic class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Chabannon
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes & Module Biothérapies, INSERM CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Bader
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Grzegorz W Basak
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of Goethe University and German Red Cross Blood Service, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Selim Corbacioglu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rafael F Duarte
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinikund Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinikund Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cellular Therapeutics and Immunology (IZI) and Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig as well as Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine/Department of Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 938, Paris, France
| | | | - Arnon Nagler
- The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Fermin Sanchez-Guijo
- IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, CIC, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Micha Srour
- Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Patrick J Hayden
- Department. of Hematology, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Vasseur A, Karam M, Chaillou D, Colonnese E, Dantin C, Latiere C, Meziane Y, Pereira M, Yakoub-Agha I, Chabannon C, Raus N. [Reporting data of patients receiving CAR T cell therapy into the EBMT registry: Guidelines of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2019; 107:S178-S184. [PMID: 31831153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah™) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta™) are the first two approved drug products that belong to of a new class of therapies manufactured through an industrial process that includes the ex vivo genetic modification of human autologous T lymphocytes with viral vectors. Since CAR-T Cells qualify as gene therapy medicinal products, there is a requirement for long-term (15 years) follow-up of treated patients. As part of a global initiative aiming at a better use of continental registries to study the outcome of homogeneous groups of patients, EMA issued a positive opinion on the use of the EBMT registry to capture LTFU of patients treated with CAR-T Cell in EU Member states. The use of a European registry will provide a global view of this new field across EU countries and across diverse indications, and bears advantages over the use of registries dedicated to specific categories of diseases, or national registries. This is an important asset to fully measure the medical value of these innovative therapies in real-life conditions, and assess whether pricing is fully justified. To fulfill EMA requirements, as well as requirements from Pharma companies, EBMT has designed a new Cellular Therapy Med-A form that allows to capture the essential information on the administered drug product, disease and patient. Registering patients and capturing follow-up data is already possible in Promise, and will be made easier when the full migration of the EBMT database from Promise to MACRO is completed in the forthcoming weeks. Negotiations are ongoing with all interested parties including patients to define in which conditions data will be accessed and analyzed; the underlying principle is to favor rather than restrict the use of data, with a view to build cooperative projects involving relevant cooperative groups and professional associations. Here, we present practical recommendations issued by SFGM-TC to help data managers capture information related to patients treated with CAR-T Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyette Vasseur
- CHU de Lille, Hôpital HURIEZ, service des maladies du sang, 1, rue Michel-Polonowsky, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Micheline Karam
- CHU de Lille, Hôpital HURIEZ, service des maladies du sang, 1, rue Michel-Polonowsky, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Delphine Chaillou
- Hôpital Robert-Debré, service d'hémato-immunologie, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 79395 Paris cedex 19, France
| | - Elodie Colonnese
- Service hématologie hautement protégé IUCT Oncopole Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Dantin
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, service d'hématologie, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Genève 14, Suisse
| | - Christelle Latiere
- CHU d'Estaing, service d'hématologie clinique adultes et de thérapie cellulaire, 1, place Lucie et Raymond-Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youcef Meziane
- CHU de Hautepierre, service d'hématologie, 1, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maguy Pereira
- CHU de domaine du Sart-Tilman B35, service d'hématologie, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | | | - Christian Chabannon
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, centre de thérapie cellulaire, institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm CBT-1409, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13273 Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Nicole Raus
- Hôpital Lyon Sud, service d'hématologie, société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire, 165, chemin du grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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12
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Deschamps M, Decot V, Giverne C, Pinturaud M, Vaissié A, Parquet N, Olivero S, Anne-Claire M, Bay JO, Yakoub-Agha I, Ferrand C. [Requirements for academic production of CAR-T cells in accordance with Good Pharmaceutical Practice (GMP). Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2019; 107:S85-S93. [PMID: 31547937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extraordinary and unexpected success of cellular immunotherapy using genetically engineered T-cells to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19, in the treatment of refractory or relapsing B-hematological malignancies, has provided a real therapeutic hope. Indeed, remission rates reach more than 80 % in patients at a stage, without any other possibilities of treatment, notably in the child's acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These results, initially resulting from academic research, led to Food and Drug accreditation for market access of two innovative autologous therapy drugs, Kimryah® and Yescarta®. Based on the impressive clinical results, mainly so far in hematological malignancies (LAL, MM, LBDGC, etc.), the development of several types of cells expressing a CAR receptor suggests a wide range of future applications, particularly in the field of solid tumors. However, while the development of CAR-T cells now appears to be in the hands of private pharmaceuticals companies, the logistical constraints, the cryopreservation and the very high cost of these personalized medicines may ultimately limit their use. The development of academic productions by CAR-T cells could bypass some of these disadvantages. The strong innovation capacity of healthcare institutions associated with research units allows them to identify the ideal tumor target and efficient performing cells. Thus, authorized production platforms could allow for shorter administration times and reasonable production costs for national health systems. The aim of this workshop is to identify the requirements for the academic production of CAR-T cells, while respecting the research standards useful to establish proof of concept, but also at the preclinical development stage, leading in fine to the manufacture, through an authorized pharmaceutical establishment, of the innovative therapy drug, and in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The ultimate goal is to make these innovative and high-performance medicines available to as many patients as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Véronique Decot
- Unité de thérapie cellulaire et banque de tissus, BSP, UMR CNRS UL7365, 54000 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Camille Giverne
- CHU de Rouen, service d'immunologie et biothérapies, Normandie université, UNIROUEN, IRIB Inserm U1234, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Alix Vaissié
- CHRU de Lille, unité d'allogreffe de CSH, maladies du sang, 59037 Lille, France; CHRU de Lille, plateforme de biothérapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Parquet
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, unité d'aphérèse thérapeutique, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Olivero
- CHU de Nice, hôpital Pasteur, unité de thérapie cellulaire et génique, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Mamez Anne-Claire
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, laboratoire de thérapie cellulaire en hémato-oncologie, 1205 Genève, Suisse
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, site Estaing, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- CHRU de Lille, unité d'allogreffe de CSH, maladies du sang, 59037 Lille, France; Université de Lille 2, Inserm U995, LIRIC, 59000 Lille, France
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13
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Cornillon J, Hadhoum N, Roth-Guepin G, Quessar A, Platon L, Ouachée-Chardin M, Nicolas-Virelizier E, Naudin J, Moreau AS, Masouridi-Levrat S, Borel C, Ahmad I, Beauvais D, Baruchel A, Yakoub-Agha I. [Management of CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome in adult and pediatric patients: Recommendations of the French Society of Bone Marrow transplantation and cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2019; 107:S12-S17. [PMID: 31202556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CAR-T cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES) reflects the potential neurotoxicity of this therapeutic approach and must be considered in the presence of any neurological symptom after the infusion of the CAR-T. This is the second most common adverse event under this therapy and its incidence varies between 12 and 55%. The median time of the onset of the first neurologic symptoms is 4days after CAR-T infusion. The duration of CRES symptoms is generally between 2 and 4days, but late CRES may occur. Monitoring and diagnosis of CERS includes clinical exam, magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. In addition to symptomatic treatments, corticosteroids represent the cornerstone of the high-grade CERS treatment. Drugs targeting IL-6 should be restricted to severe forms, especially those associated with cytokine release syndrome. The purpose of this workshop is to provide practical help in dealing with this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cornillon
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département d'hématologie clinique, 108 Bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42271 St-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Nawal Hadhoum
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Roger-Salengro, neurologie D, pathologies neuro-inflammatoires, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | | | - Asmaa Quessar
- CHU Ibn Rochd, hôpital 20-Août, service d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique, rue Lahcen Al Arjoun, Casablanca 20000, Maroc
| | - Lara Platon
- CHU Lapeyronie, service de réanimation médicale et médecine intensive, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Ouachée-Chardin
- IHOPe, service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrie, 1, place Joseph-Renault, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Jérôme Naudin
- AP-HP, hôpital Robert-Debré, service de réanimation et surveillance continue pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Moreau
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Salengro, centre de réanimation, 1, rue Émile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, service d'hématologie, département d'oncologie, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Genève, Suisse
| | - Cécile Borel
- Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, service d'hématologie, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Université de Montréal, hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, service d'hématologie et d'oncologie médicale, 5415, boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - David Beauvais
- CHU de Lille, maladies du sang, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - André Baruchel
- AP-HP, université Paris Diderot, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, hématologie-immunologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75935 Paris cedex 19, France
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Chabannon C, Larghero J. Réglementations applicables aux CAR-T cells : comment les établissements de santé français peuvent-ils s’organiser pour participer à la production et permettre la délivrance de ces immunothérapies innovantes ? Bull Cancer 2019; 105 Suppl 2:S198-S204. [PMID: 30686358 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(19)30050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR CAR-T CELLS HOW CAN FRENCH HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS ADAPT THEIR ORGANIZATION TO REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURING AND DELIVERY OF THESE INNOVATIVE CELL-BASED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS?: More than five years after the first US publications reporting a significant rate of clinical responses in patients with high-risk or advanced CD19+ lymphoid malignancies, access to treatment with CAR-T Cells at European hospitals in general and at French hospitals in particular remains limited. One - and not the least - hurdle lay in the need to set up a complex and unprecedented organization that complies with European regulations on Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products as well as with national (French) regulations. We here review the organizational framework for two situations: delivery and administration of industry-manufactured CAR-T Cells as well as engineering and distribution of CAR-T Cells produced as investigational drugs to be evaluated in the context of clinical research protocols. Cet article fait partie du numéro supplément Les cellules CAR-T : une révolution thérapeutique ? réalisé avec le soutien institutionnel des partenaires Gilead : Kite et Celgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chabannon
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire & Inserm CBT-1409, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire & Inserm CBT-501, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapies, 75010 Paris, France
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15
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Le Bourgeois A. Gestion des toxicités des lymphocytes T exprimant un récepteur à l’antigène chimérique (CAR-T cells). Bull Cancer 2019; 105 Suppl 2:S188-S197. [PMID: 30686357 DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(19)30049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
TOXICITY MANAGEMENT OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELLS Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR T-cells) represent a very promising treatment for both hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Many clinical trials are currently on-going to establish the role of this emerging therapy. The toxicities observed after CAR T-cells infusion are mostly represented by a cytokine release syndrome and neurological symptoms. Athough reversible, these adverse events remain associated with morbidity and mortality in patients. The objective of this review is to describe these adverse events, also discussing their physiopathology and management, based on the recent recommendations published by the CARTOX working group (CAR T-cell-therapy-associated TOXicity working group) in the US. Cet article fait partie du numéro supplément Les cellules CAR-T : une révolution thérapeutique ? réalisé avec le soutien institutionnel des partenaires Gilead : Kite et Celgene.
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[CAR-T cells: Lymphocytes that express a chimeric antigen receptor]. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:545-552. [PMID: 30686549 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CAR-T cells are genetically modified human lymphocytes and gene therapy medicinal products. They are developed to treat cancers that express a membrane antigen targeted by the CAR. The FDA approved the two first-in-class medicinal products in 2017 and EMA in August 2018; both are autologous CAR-T cells targeting CD19 that is expressed at the surface of normal B-cells throughout their differentiation, and on B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Clinical efficacy was demonstrated for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, although the marketing authorizations are less liberal in terms of indications. Manufacturing of these personalized treatments necessitates that a novel organization and supply chain be set in place, to ensure product preservation, patient safety and compliance with complex regulatory requirements. Side effects are commensurate with clinical efficacy and can be life-threatening: proper management imposes tight coordination between various specialists, particularly between hematologists and intensive care practitioners. High pricing for these treatments is part of a long-term trend for increasing costs of innovations in hematology and oncology; it questions the ability of healthcare systems to sustain their reimbursement.
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Yakoub-Agha I, Moreau AS, Ahmad I, Borel C, Hadhoum N, Masouridi-Levrat S, Naudin J, Nicolas-Virelizier E, Ouachée-Chardin M, Platon L, Quessar A, Roth-Guepin G, Beauvais D, Baruchel A, Cornillon J. [Management of cytokine release syndrome in adult and pediatric patients undergoing CAR-T cell therapy for hematological malignancies: Recommendation of the French Society of Bone Marrow and cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)]. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:S102-S109. [PMID: 30661749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is the most common complication after adoptive immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). The incidence varies from 30 to 100% depending on the CAR-T construct, cell doses and the underlying disease. Severe cases may involve 10 to 30% of patients. The triggering event is the activation of the CAR-T, after meeting with their target. The T cell activation leads to the release of effector cytokines, such as IFNγ, TNFα and IL2, that are responsible for the activating of monocyte/macrophage system, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, (including IL6, IFN-γ, IL10, MCP1) and associated with a significant elevation of CRP and ferritin. The CRS usually appears between 1 and 14days after the infusion of the cells and can last from 1 to 10days. Rare fatal cases have been reported in the literature. The first symptom is often a fever, sometimes very high, which must alert and reinforce the surveillance. In moderate forms, one can find fatigue, headache, rash, arthralgia and myalgia. T cell-related encephalopathy (CRES) syndrome may occur concomitantly. In case of aggravation, a vasoplegic shock associating capillary leakage and respiratory distress can occur. Close clinical monitoring is essential right from the injection to quickly detect the first symptoms. The treatment of severe forms, in addition to symptomatic management involves monoclonal antibodies targeting the IL6 or IL6 receptor, and sometimes steroids. Close cooperation with intensive care units is essential since 20 to 50% of patients require intensive care unit transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Sophie Moreau
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Salengro, centre de réanimation, 1, rue Émile-Laine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Université de Montréal, hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, service d'hématologie et d'oncologie médicale, 5415, boulevard de l'Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Cécile Borel
- Institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, service d'hématologie, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Nawal Hadhoum
- CHU de Lille, hôpital Roger-Salengro, neurologie D/pathologies neuro-inflammatoires, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - Stavroula Masouridi-Levrat
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, département d'oncologie, service d'hématologie, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Genève, Suisse
| | - Jérôme Naudin
- AP-HP, hôpital Robert-Debré, service de réanimation et surveillance continue pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Serrurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Marie Ouachée-Chardin
- IHOPe, service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrie, 1, place Joseph-Renault, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lara Platon
- CHU Lapeyronie, service de réanimation médicale et médecine intensive, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Asmaa Quessar
- CHU Ibn Rochd, hôpital 20-Août, service d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique, rue Lahcen Al Arjoun, Casablanca 20000, Maroc
| | | | - Davis Beauvais
- CHU de Lille, maladies du sang, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille, France
| | - André Baruchel
- AP-HP, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, hématologie-immunologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75935 Paris cedex 19, France
| | - Jérôme Cornillon
- Institut de cancérologie Lucien-Neuwirth, département d'hématologie clinique, 108 Bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
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18
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Dourthe MÉ, Yakouben K, Chaillou D, Lesprit E, Dalle JH, Baruchel A. CAR-T cells : indications actuelles en pédiatrie et perspectives de développement. Bull Cancer 2018; 105 Suppl 2:S147-S157. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-4551(19)30045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Dourthe MÉ, Yakouben K, Chaillou D, Lesprit E, Dalle JH, Baruchel A. WITHDRAWN: CAR T cells : indications actuelles en pédiatrie et perspectives de développement. Bull Cancer 2018:S0007-4551(18)30223-6. [PMID: 30236479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Émilie Dourthe
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Karima Yakouben
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Chaillou
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lesprit
- Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, établissement français du sang, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France; UMR 1149, 75890 Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, service d'hématologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75010 Paris, France; Institut universitaire d'hématologie, EA 3518, 75010 Paris, France.
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Croizier C, Douge A, Bay JO, Lemal R. [The CAR-T cells are here]. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:743-745. [PMID: 30119830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to immunotherapy, a new era of treatment is opening up for the treatment of solid cancers and hematological tumors. T cells genetically modified with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T cells) have recently been proved efficient in hematological malignancies expressing CD19. On June 20th 2018, the European Medicines Agency gave a favorable opinion on two types of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells - tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagène ciloleucel - in the management of malignant hemopathies B after two lines of treatment. Their remarkable efficacy has been demonstrated in the first clinical trials conducted in the United States, but they present new and potentially serious side effects (cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, among others). However, this new class of gene therapy raises practical problems regarding its production circuit, its delivery conditions and its high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Croizier
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurore Douge
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Lemal
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, service de thérapie cellulaire et d'hématologie clinique adulte, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Yakoub-Agha I. Clinical units to set up chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T-cells): Based on the recommendations of the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC). Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 66:57-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cancer Immunotherapy 2017 (Paris, France). Progress and challenges. Bull Cancer 2018; 105:537-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chabannon C, Larghero J. Considerations pertaining to cell collection and administration of industry-manufactured autologous CAR-T cells, in relation to French healthcare organization and regulations. Curr Res Transl Med 2018; 66:59-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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