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Hou W, Xu XL, Huang LJ, Zhang ZY, Zhou ZN, Wang JY, Ouyang X, Xin SY, Zhang ZY, Xiong Y, Huang H, Lan JX. Bioactivities and Action Mechanisms of Ellipticine Derivatives Reported Prior to 2023. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400210. [PMID: 38433548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Currently, natural products are one of the priceless options for finding novel chemical pharmaceutical entities. Ellipticine is a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Ochrosia elliptica Labill. Ellipticine and its derivatives are characterized by multiple biological activities. The purpose of this review was to provide a critical and systematic assessment of ellipticine and its derivatives as bioactive molecules over the last 60 years. Publications focused mainly on the total synthesis of alkaloids of this type without any evaluation of bioactivity have been excluded. We have reviewed papers dealing with the synthesis, bioactivity evaluation and mechanism of action of ellipticine and its derivatives. It was found that ellipticine and its derivatives showed cytotoxicity, antimicrobial ability, and anti-inflammatory activity, among which cytotoxicity toward cancer cell lines was the most investigated aspect. The inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II was the most relevant mechanism for cytotoxicity. The PI3K/AKT pathway, p53 pathway, and MAPK pathway were also closely related to the antiproliferative ability of these compounds. In addition, the structure-activity relationship was deduced, and future prospects were outlined. We are confident that these findings will lay a scientific foundation for ellipticine-based drug development, especially for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Liang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xingguo People's Hospital, Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 342400, P. R. China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Nuo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xi Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ya Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
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Ngoc Toan V, Dinh Thanh N, Minh Tri N. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoline−coumarin hybrid compounds containing D-glucose/D-galactose moieties: Synthesis and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Lin SB, Wang WW, Meng JP, Li XW, Wu J, Sun XL. A transition metal-free approach to a regioselective total synthesis of the natural product derivative 6-methylellipticine, a potent anticancer agent. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ellipticine-loaded apoferritin nanocarrier retains DNA adduct-based cytochrome P450-facilitated toxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Toxicology 2019; 419:40-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lichota A, Gwozdzinski K. Anticancer Activity of Natural Compounds from Plant and Marine Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3533. [PMID: 30423952 PMCID: PMC6275022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the substances of plant and marine origin that have anticancer properties. The chemical structure of the molecules of these substances, their properties, mechanisms of action, their structure⁻activity relationships, along with their anticancer properties and their potential as chemotherapeutic drugs are discussed in this paper. This paper presents natural substances from plants, animals, and their aquatic environments. These substances include the vinca alkaloids, mistletoe plant extracts, podophyllotoxin derivatives, taxanes, camptothecin, combretastatin, and others including geniposide, colchicine, artesunate, homoharringtonine, salvicine, ellipticine, roscovitine, maytanasin, tapsigargin, and bruceantin. Compounds (psammaplin, didemnin, dolastin, ecteinascidin, and halichondrin) isolated from the marine plants and animals such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, invertebrates (e.g., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) as well as certain other substances that have been tested on cells and experimental animals and used in human chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid Exerts a Synergistic Cytotoxicity with the DNA-Damaging Drug Ellipticine in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010164. [PMID: 29304031 PMCID: PMC5796113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) originates from undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Chemotherapy is judged to be suitable for successful treatment of this disease. Here, the influence of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA) combined with DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic, ellipticine, on UKF-NB-4 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was investigated. Treatment of these cells with ellipticine in combination with VPA led to the synergism of their anticancer efficacy. The effect is more pronounced in the UKF-NB-4 cell line, the line with N-myc amplification, than in SH-SY5Y cells. This was associated with caspase-3-dependent induction of apoptosis in UKF-NB-4 cells. The increase in cytotoxicity of ellipticine in UKF-NB-4 by VPA is dictated by the sequence of drug administration; the increased cytotoxicity was seen only after either simultaneous exposure to these drugs or after pretreatment of cells with ellipticine before their treatment with VPA. The synergism of treatment of cells with VPA and ellipticine seems to be connected with increased acetylation of histones H3 and H4. Further, co-treatment of cells with ellipticine and VPA increased the formation of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, which indicates an easier accessibility of ellipticine to DNA in cells by its co-treatment with VPA and also resulted in higher ellipticine cytotoxicity. The results are promising for in vivo studies and perhaps later for clinical studies of combined treatment of children suffering from high-risk NBL.
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Frei E, Kopečková K, Schmeiser HH, Eckschlager T, Adam V, Heger Z, Arlt VM, Martínek V. Cytochrome b5 plays a dual role in the reaction cycle of cytochrome P450 3A4 during oxidation of the anticancer drug ellipticine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017; 148:1983-1991. [PMID: 29104319 PMCID: PMC5653753 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Ellipticine is an anticancer agent that forms covalent DNA adducts after enzymatic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly by CYP3A4. This process is one of the most important ellipticine DNA-damaging mechanisms for its antitumor action. Here, we investigated the efficiencies of human hepatic microsomes and human recombinant CYP3A4 expressed with its reductase, NADPH:CYP oxidoreductase (POR), NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase and/or cytochrome b5 in Supersomes™ to oxidize this drug. We also evaluated the effectiveness of coenzymes of two of the microsomal reductases, NADPH as a coenzyme of POR, and NADH as a coenzyme of NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, to mediate ellipticine oxidation in these enzyme systems. Using HPLC analysis we detected up to five ellipticine metabolites, which were formed by human hepatic microsomes and human CYP3A4 in the presence of NADPH or NADH. Among ellipticine metabolites, 9-hydroxy-, 12-hydroxy-, and 13-hydroxyellipticine were formed by hepatic microsomes as the major metabolites, while 7-hydroxyellipticine and the ellipticine N2-oxide were the minor ones. Human CYP3A4 in Supersomes™ generated only three metabolic products, 9-hydroxy-, 12-hydroxy-, and 13-hydroxyellipticine. Using the 32P-postlabeling method two ellipticine-derived DNA adducts were generated by microsomes and the CYP3A4-Supersome system, both in the presence of NADPH and NADH. These adducts were derived from the reaction of 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine with deoxyguanosine in DNA. In the presence of NADPH or NADH, cytochrome b5 stimulated the CYP3A4-mediated oxidation of ellipticine, but the stimulation effect differed for individual ellipticine metabolites. This heme protein also stimulated the formation of both ellipticine-DNA adducts. The results demonstrate that cytochrome b5 plays a dual role in the CYP3A4-catalyzed oxidation of ellipticine: (1) cytochrome b5 mediates CYP3A4 catalytic activities by donating the first and second electron to this enzyme in its catalytic cycle, indicating that NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase can substitute NADPH-dependent POR in this enzymatic reaction and (2) cytochrome b5 can act as an allosteric modifier of the CYP3A4 oxygenase. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Mrízová I, Moserová M, Milichovský J, Šulc M, Kizek R, Kubáčková K, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Heterologous expression of human cytochrome P450 2S1 in Escherichia coli and investigation of its role in metabolism of benzo[ a]pyrene and ellipticine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:881-888. [PMID: 27110039 PMCID: PMC4828499 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2S1 is "orphan" CYP that is overexpressed in several epithelial tissues and many human tumors. The pure enzyme is required for better understanding of its biological functions. Therefore, human CYP2S1 was considered to be prepared by the gene manipulations and heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. Here, the conditions suitable for efficient expression of human CYP2S1 protein from plasmid pCW containing the human CYP2S1 gene were optimized and the enzyme purified to homogeneity. The identity of CYP2S1 as the product of heterologous expression was confirmed by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry. To confirm the presence of the enzymatically active CYP2S1, the CO spectrum of purified CYP2S1 was recorded. Since CYP2S1 was shown to catalyze oxidation of compounds having polycyclic aromatic structures, the prepared enzyme has been tested to metabolize the compounds having this structural character; namely, the human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), its 7,8-dihydrodiol derivative, and an anticancer drug ellipticine. Reaction mixtures contained besides the test compounds the CYP2S1 enzyme reconstituted with NADPH:CYP reductase (POR) in liposomes, and/or this CYP in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide. High performance liquid chromatography was employed for separation of BaP, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, and ellipticine metabolites. The results found in this study demonstrate that CYP2S1 in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide catalyzes oxidation of two of the test xenobiotics, a metabolite of BaP, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, and ellipticine. Whereas BaP-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol was formed as a product of BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol oxidation, ellipticine was oxidized to 12-hydroxyellipticine, 13-hydroxyellipticine, and the ellipticine N2-oxide. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Mrízová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Milichovský
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- />Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubáčková
- />Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- />Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
| | - Marie Stiborová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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HRABETA JAN, GROH TOMAS, KHALIL MOHAMEDASHRAF, POLJAKOVA JITKA, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE, UHLIK JIRI, DOKTOROVA HELENA, CERNA TEREZA, FREI EVA, STIBOROVA MARIE, ECKSCHLAGER TOMAS. Vacuolar-ATPase-mediated intracellular sequestration of ellipticine contributes to drug resistance in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:971-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Stiborová M, Černá V, Moserová M, Mrízová I, Arlt VM, Frei E. The anticancer drug ellipticine activated with cytochrome P450 mediates DNA damage determining its pharmacological efficiencies: studies with rats, Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase Null (HRN™) mice and pure enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:284-306. [PMID: 25547492 PMCID: PMC4307247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticine is a DNA-damaging agent acting as a prodrug whose pharmacological efficiencies and genotoxic side effects are dictated by activation with cytochrome P450 (CYP). Over the last decade we have gained extensive experience in using pure enzymes and various animal models that helped to identify CYPs metabolizing ellipticine. In this review we focus on comparison between the in vitro and in vivo studies and show a necessity of both approaches to obtain valid information on CYP enzymes contributing to ellipticine metabolism. Discrepancies were found between the CYP enzymes activating ellipticine to 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine generating covalent DNA adducts and those detoxifying this drug to 9-hydroxy- and 7-hydroellipticine in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, formation of ellipticine-DNA adducts is dependent not only on expression levels of CYP3A, catalyzing ellipticine activation in vitro, but also on those of CYP1A that oxidize ellipticine in vitro mainly to the detoxification products. The finding showing that cytochrome b5 alters the ratio of ellipticine metabolites generated by CYP1A1/2 and 3A4 explained this paradox. Whereas the detoxification of ellipticine by CYP1A and 3A is either decreased or not changed by cytochrome b5, activation leading to ellipticine-DNA adducts increased considerably. We show that (I) the pharmacological effects of ellipticine mediated by covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts are dictated by expression levels of CYP1A, 3A and cytochrome b5, and its own potency to induce these enzymes in tumor tissues, (II) animal models, where levels of CYPs are either knocked out or induced are appropriate to identify CYPs metabolizing ellipticine in vivo, and (III) extrapolation from in vitro data to the situation in vivo is not always possible, confirming the need for these animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Mrízová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Eva Frei
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Formation of DNA adducts by ellipticine and its micellar form in rats - a comparative study. SENSORS 2014; 14:22982-97. [PMID: 25479328 PMCID: PMC4299049 DOI: 10.3390/s141222982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The requirements for early diagnostics as well as effective treatment of cancer diseases have increased the pressure on development of efficient methods for targeted drug delivery as well as imaging of the treatment success. One of the most recent approaches covering the drug delivery aspects is benefitting from the unique properties of nanomaterials. Ellipticine and its derivatives are efficient anticancer compounds that function through multiple mechanisms. Formation of covalent DNA adducts after ellipticine enzymatic activation is one of the most important mechanisms of its pharmacological action. In this study, we investigated whether ellipticine might be released from its micellar (encapsulated) form to generate covalent adducts analogous to those formed by free ellipticine. The 32P-postlabeling technique was used as a useful imaging method to detect and quantify covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts. We compared the efficiencies of free ellipticine and its micellar form (the poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(allyl glycidyl ether) (PAGE-PEO) block copolymer, P 119 nanoparticles) to form ellipticine-DNA adducts in rats in vivo. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment of rats with ellipticine in micelles resulted in formation of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts in vivo and suggest that a gradual release of ellipticine from its micellar form might produce the enhanced permeation and retention effect of this ellipticine-micellar delivery system.
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Savorani C, Manfé V, Biskup E, Gniadecki R. Ellipticine induces apoptosis in T-cell lymphoma via oxidative DNA damage. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:739-47. [PMID: 24898668 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.929673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is often mutated in human cancers. Restoring its antitumor activity has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Here we analyzed the activity and mechanism of a p53 reactivator, ellipticine, in a cellular model of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a disease that is progressive, chemoresistant and refractory to treatment. We tested the effect of ellipticine in three cell lines with different p53 status: MyLa2000 (p53(wt/wt)), SeAx ((G245S)p53) and Hut-78 ((R196Stop)p53). Ellipticine caused apoptosis in MyLa2000 and SeAx and restored the transcriptional activity of (G245S)p53 in SeAx. However, p53 siRNA knockdown experiments revealed that p53 was not required for ellipticine-induced apoptosis in CTCL. The lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol inhibited ellipticine-dependent apoptosis and we linked the apoptotic response to the oxidative DNA damage. Our results provide evidence that ellipticine-induced apoptosis is exerted through DNA damage and does not require p53 activation in T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Savorani
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Effects of ellipticine on ALDH1A1-expressing breast cancer stem cells--an in vitro and in silico study. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:723-37. [PMID: 23982874 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) offers a promising strategy for breast cancer treatment. We examined the plant alkaloid ellipticine for its efficacy to inhibit the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 class A1 (ALDH1A1)-positive BCSCs by in vitro and in silico methods. At 3 mM concentration, ellipticine decreased the expression of ALDH1A1-positive BCSCs by 62% (p = 0.073) in the MCF7 cell line and by 53% (p = 0.024) in the SUM159 cell line compared to vehicle-treated cultures. Ellipticine significantly reduced the formation of mammospheres, whereas paclitaxel enhanced mammosphere formation in both the treated cell lines. Interestingly, when treated with a combination of ellipticine and paclitaxel, the percentage of ALDH1A1-positive BCSCs dropped by several fold in vitro. A homology model of Homo sapiens ALDH1A1 was built using the crystal structure of NAD-bound sheep liver class I aldehyde dehydrogenase [PDB ID: 1BXS] as a template. Molecular simulation and docking studies revealed that the amino acids Asn-117 and Asn-121, Glu-249, Cys-302, and Gln-350, present in the active site of human ALDH1A1, played a vital role in interacting with the drug. The present study suggests that ellipticine reduces the proliferation and self-renewal ability of ALDH1A1-positive BCSCs and can be used in combination with a cytotoxic drug like paclitaxel for potential targeting of BCSCs.
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O'Sullivan EC, Miller CM, Deane FM, McCarthy FO. Emerging Targets in the Bioactivity of Ellipticines and Derivatives. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62615-8.00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Černá V, Rupertová M, Martínek V, Eckschlager T, Kizek R, Frei E. Cytochrome b5 Increases Cytochrome P450 3A4-Mediated Activation of Anticancer Drug Ellipticine to 13-Hydroxyellipticine Whose Covalent Binding to DNA Is Elevated by Sulfotransferases and N,O-Acetyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1075-85. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rupertová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University,
Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Division
of Preventive Oncology,
National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Miller CM, McCarthy FO. Isolation, biological activity and synthesis of the natural product ellipticine and related pyridocarbazoles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kizek R, Adam V, Hrabeta J, Eckschlager T, Smutny S, Burda JV, Frei E, Stiborova M. Anthracyclines and ellipticines as DNA-damaging anticancer drugs: Recent advances. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 133:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Kim JY, Lee SG, Chung JY, Kim YJ, Park JE, Koh H, Han MS, Park YC, Yoo YH, Kim JM. Ellipticine induces apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cells: The potential involvement of reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Toxicology 2011; 289:91-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Passemar C, Saléry M, Soh PN, Linas MD, Ahond A, Poupat C, Benoit-Vical F. Indole and aminoimidazole moieties appear as key structural units in antiplasmodial molecules. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1118-1125. [PMID: 21612900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
From a library of compounds of natural sources, a big series of molecules was chosen by random sampling to evaluate their in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and their antifungal activity against Candida sp. From 184 molecules tested, no molecules were active against Candida sp. (MIC>10μg/ml) whereas 13 clearly showed high antiplasmodial activity in vitro, with an IC(50) less than 1μg/ml against the chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum FcM29-Cameroon. The molecules with the best antiplasmodial efficacy were 10-hydroxy-ellipticin (IC(50): 0.08μg/ml), tchibangensin (IC(50): 0.13μg/ml), ellipticin hydrochloride (IC(50): 0.17μg/ml), usambarensin (IC(50): 0.23μg/ml), 7S,3S-ochropposinine oxindole (IC(50): 0.25μg/ml), 3,14-dihydro-ellipticin (IC(50): 0.25μg/ml), tetrahydro-4',5',6'17-usambarensin 17S (IC(50): 0.26μg/ml), ellipticine (IC(50): 0.28μg/ml), aricin (IC(50): 0.3μg/ml), 10-methoxy-ellipticin (IC(50): 0.32μg/ml), aplysinopsin (IC(50): 0.43μg/ml), descarbomethoxydihydrogambirtannin (IC(50): 0.46μg/ml) and ochrolifuanin A (IC(50): 0.47μg/ml). Among these 13 promising molecules, all except descarbomethoxydihydrogambirtannin, ochrolifuanine A and usambarensine presented here novel biological activities since they had never been described in the literature for their antiplasmodial activity. In spite of the large diversity of the molecules which have been tested, it is interesting to note that the ones active against Plasmodium are all indole derivatives (and one is both indolic and aminoimidazolic). To find new antiplasmodial compounds, ethnopharmacological approaches studying traditional medicine treatments for malaria is largely used but random research produced here an interesting yield (7%) of new antiplasmodial hits and appears therefore complementary to the traditional medicine way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Passemar
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPR8241, 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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Cytochrome b5 shifts oxidation of the anticancer drug ellipticine by cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2 from its detoxication to activation, thereby modulating its pharmacological efficacy. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:669-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Ellipticine cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines - a comparative study. Interdiscip Toxicol 2011; 4:98-105. [PMID: 21753906 PMCID: PMC3131681 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-011-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticine is a potent antineoplastic agent exhibiting multiple mechanisms of action. This anticancer agent should be considered a pro-drug, whose pharmacological efficiency and/or genotoxic side effects are dependent on its cytochrome P450 (CYP)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation to species forming covalent DNA adducts. Ellipticine can also act as an inhibitor or inducer of biotransformation enzymes, thereby modulating its own metabolism leading to its genotoxic and pharmacological effects. Here, a comparison of the toxicity of ellipticine to human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells, leukemia HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, neuroblastoma IMR-32, UKF-NB-3 and UKF-NB-4 cells and U87MG glioblastoma cells and mechanisms of its action to these cells were evaluated. Treatment of all cells tested with ellipticine resulted in inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. This effect was associated with formation of two covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, identical to those formed by 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine, the ellipticine metabolites generated by CYP and peroxidase enzymes, in MCF-7, HL-60, CCRF-CEM, UKF-NB-3, UKF-NB-4 and U87MG cells, but not in neuroblastoma UKF-NB-3 cells. Therefore, DNA adduct formation in most cancer cell lines tested in this comparative study might be the predominant cause of their sensitivity to ellipticine treatment, whereas other mechanisms of ellipticine action also contribute to its cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma UKF-NB-3 cells.
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Stiborová M, Rupertová M, Frei E. Cytochrome P450- and peroxidase-mediated oxidation of anticancer alkaloid ellipticine dictates its anti-tumor efficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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The mechanism of cytotoxicity and DNA adduct formation by the anticancer drug ellipticine in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1466-79. [PMID: 19426684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent, whose mode of action is based mainly on DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II and formation of covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. Here, the molecular mechanism of DNA-mediated ellipticine action in human neuroblastoma IMR-32, UKF-NB-3 and UKF-NB-4 cancer cell lines was investigated. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells with ellipticine resulted in apoptosis induction, which was verified by the appearance of DNA fragmentation, and in inhibition of cell growth. These effects were associated with formation of two covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts, identical to those formed by the cytochrome P450- and peroxidase-mediated ellipticine metabolites, 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine. The expression of these enzymes at mRNA and protein levels and their ability to generate ellipticine-DNA adducts in neuroblastoma cells were proven, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analyses and by analyzing ellipticine-DNA adducts in incubations of this drug with neuroblastoma S9 fractions, enzyme cofactors and DNA. The levels of DNA adducts correlated with toxicity of ellipticine to IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 cells, but not with that to UKF-NB-3 cells. In addition, hypoxic cell culture conditions resulted in a decrease in ellipticine toxicity to IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 cells and this correlated with lower levels of DNA adducts. Both these cell lines accumulated in S phase, suggesting that ellipticine-DNA adducts interfere with DNA replication. The results demonstrate that among the multiple modes of ellipticine antitumor action, formation of covalent DNA adducts by ellipticine is the predominant mechanism of cytotoxicity to IMR-32 and UKF-NB-4 neuroblastoma cells.
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Aimová D, Poljaková J, Kotrbová V, Moserová M, Frei E, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Ellipticine and benzo(a)pyrene increase their own metabolic activation via modulation of expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2. Interdiscip Toxicol 2008; 1:160-8. [PMID: 21218107 PMCID: PMC2993483 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-010-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two compounds known to covalently bind to DNA after their activation with cytochromes P450 (CYPs), carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and an antineoplastic agent ellipticine, were investigated for their potential to induce CYP and NADPH:CYP reductase (POR) enzymes in rodent livers, the main target organ for DNA adduct formation. Two animal models were used in the study: (i) rats as animals mimicking the fate of ellipticine in humans and (ii) mice, especially wild-type (WT) and hepatic POR null (HRN™) mouse lines. Ellipticine and BaP induce expression of CYP1A enzymes in livers of experimental models, which leads to increase in their enzymatic activity. In addition, both compounds are capable of generating DNA adducts, predominantly in livers of studied organisms. As determined by (32)P postlabelling analysis, levels of ellipticine-derived DNA adducts formed in vivo in the livers of HRN™ mice were reduced (by up to 65%) relative to levels in WT mice, indicating that POR mediated CYP enzyme activity is important for the activation of ellipticine. In contrast to these results, 6.4 fold higher DNA binding of BaP was observed in the livers of HRN™ mice than in WT mice. This finding suggests a detoxication role of CYP1A in BaP metabolism in vivo. In in vitro experiments, DNA adduct formation in calf thymus DNA was up to 25 fold higher in incubations of ellipticine or BaP with microsomes from pretreated animals than with controls. This stimulation effect was attributed to induction of CYP1A1/2 enzymes, which are responsible for oxidative activation of both compounds to the metabolites generating major DNA adducts in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that by inducing CYP1A1/2, ellipticine and BaP modulate their own enzymatic metabolic activation and detoxication, thereby modulating their either pharmacological (ellipticine) and/or genotoxic potential (both compounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Aimová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Jitka Poljaková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Věra Kotrbová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Eva Frei
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, CZECH REPUBLIC
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Efficient and simple synthesis of 6-aryl-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazoles. Molecules 2008; 13:1312-20. [PMID: 18596657 PMCID: PMC6244965 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic method for the preparation of 6-aryl-1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazoles involving a palladium catalyzed coupling reaction of 1,4-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-6-boronic acids and (hetero)aryl halides is described.
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Stiborová M, Arlt VM, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR, Kotrbová V, Moserová M, Hudeček J, Phillips DH, Frei E. Role of hepatic cytochromes P450 in bioactivation of the anticancer drug ellipticine: Studies with the hepatic NADPH:Cytochrome P450 reductase null mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 226:318-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Aimová D, Svobodová L, Kotrbová V, Mrázová B, Hodek P, Hudecek J, Václavíková R, Frei E, Stiborová M. The Anticancer Drug Ellipticine Is a Potent Inducer of Rat Cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2, Thereby Modulating Its Own Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:1926-34. [PMID: 17656468 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent whose mode of action is based mainly on DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II, and formation of covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 (P450s) and peroxidases. Here, this drug was found to induce CYP1A1 and/or 1A2 enzymes and their enzymatic activities in livers, lungs, and kidneys of rats treated (i.p.) with ellipticine. The induction is transient. In the absence of repeated administration of ellipticine, the levels and activities of the induced CYP1A decreased almost to the basal level 2 weeks after treatment. The ellipticine-mediated CYP1A induction increases the DNA adduct formation by the compound. When microsomal fractions from livers, kidneys, and lungs of rats treated with ellipticine were incubated with ellipticine, DNA adduct formation, measured by (32)P-postlabeling analysis, was up to 3.8-fold higher in incubations with microsomes from pretreated rats than with controls. The observed stimulation of DNA adduct formation by ellipticine was attributed to induction of CYP1A1 and/or 1A2-mediated increase in ellipticine oxidative activation to 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine, the metabolites generating two major DNA adducts in human and rat livers. In addition to these metabolites, increased formation of the excretion products 9-hydroxy- and 7-hydroxyellipticine was also observed in microsomes of rats treated with ellipticine. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that by inducing CYP1A1/2, ellipticine increases its own metabolism, leading both to an activation of this drug to reactive species-forming DNA adducts and to detoxication metabolites, thereby modulating to some extent its pharmacological and/or genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Aimová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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28
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Stiborová M, Rupertová M, Aimová D, Ryslavá H, Frei E. Formation and persistence of DNA adducts of anticancer drug ellipticine in rats. Toxicology 2007; 236:50-60. [PMID: 17482743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ellipticine is an antineoplastic agent, whose mode of antitumor and/or toxic side effects is based on DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II and formation of DNA adducts mediated by cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. We investigated the formation and persistence of DNA adducts generated in rat, the animal model mimicking the bioactivation of ellipticine in human. Using (32)P-postlabeling, ellipticine-DNA adducts were found in liver, kidney, lung, spleen, heart and brain of female and male rats exposed to ellipticine (4, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). The two major adducts were identical to the deoxyguanosine adducts generated in DNA by 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine in vitro as confirmed by HPLC of the isolated adducts. At four post-treatment times (2 days, 2, 10 and 32 weeks) DNA adducts in rats treated with 80 mg/kg of ellipticine were analyzed in each tissue to study their long-term persistence. In all organs maximal adduct levels were found 2 days after administration. At all time points highest total adduct levels were in liver (402 adducts/10(8) nucleotides after 2 days and 3.6 adducts/10(8) nucleotides after 32 weeks), kidney and lung followed by spleen, heart and brain. Total adduct levels decreased over time to 0.8-8.3% of the initial levels till the latest time point and showed a biphasic profile, a rapid loss during the first 2 weeks was followed by a much slower decline till 32 weeks. These results, the first characterization of persistence of ellipticine-DNA adducts in vivo, are necessary to evaluate genotoxic side effects of ellipticine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Stiborová M, Dračínská H, Aimová D, Hodek P, Hudeček J, Ryšlavá H, Schmeiser HH, Frei E. The Anticancer Drug Ellipticine is an Inducer of Rat NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc20071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic agent ellipticine was investigated for its ability to induce the biotransformation enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase, EC 1.6.99.2) in male Wistar rats. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction, the levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase mRNA were determined in livers, kidneys and lungs of rats treated intraperitoneally with ellipticine (40 mg/kg body weight) and of control (untreated) rats. Cytosolic fractions were isolated from the same tissues of control and ellipticine-treated rats and tested for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase protein expression and its enzymatic activity. The results demonstrate that ellipticine is a potent inducer of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase in rat livers and kidneys, while no induction of this enzyme was detectable in rat lungs. The increase in levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase mRNA correlates with the increase in expression of its protein and enzymatic activity, measured with menadione and 3-nitrobenzanthrone as substrates. The results, the identification of the potential of ellipticine to induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, suggest that this drug is capable of modulating biological efficiencies of the toxicants and/or drugs that are reductively metabolized by this enzyme.
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