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He X, Lan H, Jin K, Liu F. Can immunotherapy reinforce chemotherapy efficacy? a new perspective on colorectal cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1237764. [PMID: 37790928 PMCID: PMC10543914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1237764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the main threats to human life (the fourth most dangerous and prevalent cancer), colorectal cancer affects many people yearly, decreases patients' quality of life, and causes irreparable financial and social damages. In addition, this type of cancer can metastasize and involve the liver in advanced stages. However, current treatments can't completely eradicate this disease. Chemotherapy and subsequent surgery can be mentioned among the current main treatments for this disease. Chemotherapy has many side effects, and regarding the treatment of this type of tumor, chemotherapy can lead to liver damage, such as steatohepatitis, steatosis, and sinus damage. These damages can eventually lead to liver failure and loss of its functions. Therefore, it seems that other treatments can be used in addition to chemotherapy to increase its efficiency and reduce its side effects. Biological therapies and immunotherapy are one of the leading suggestions for combined treatment. Antibodies (immune checkpoint blockers) and cell therapy (DC and CAR-T cells) are among the immune system-based treatments used to treat tumors. Immunotherapy targets various aspects of the tumor that may lead to 1) the recruitment of immune cells, 2) increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, and 3) leading to the elimination of inhibitory mechanisms established by the tumor. Therefore, immunotherapy can be used as a complementary treatment along with chemotherapy. This review will discuss different chemotherapy and immunotherapy methods for colorectal cancer. Then we will talk about the studies that have dealt with combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Wenrong Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Identification and validation of a pyroptosis-related prognostic model for colorectal cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:21. [PMID: 36564624 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the pyroptosis-related biomarkers and signatures of colorectal cancer (CRC). Gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COADREAD and were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs in CRC‒pyroptosis-related genes (CRC‒PRGs) were obtained by intersecting DEGs associated with CRC and PRGs. The CRC‒PRGs were verified; functional enrichment analysis was performed with Gene Ontology (GO) followed by cluster analysis. Cox analyses and LASSO regression were used in TCGA dataset to construct a prognostic model for patients with CRC. A prognostic risk assessment model was constructed and efficacy was evaluated. Decision curve analysis was utilized to assess the role of the Lasso-Cox regression prognostic model for clinical utility at 1, 3, and 5 years. Twelve CRC‒PRGs were identified as prognostic pyroptosis-related DEGs. CXCL8, IL13RA2, MELK, and POP1 were selected as prognostic genes to construct features with a good prognostic performance in GEO and TCGA. Functional enrichment indicated that the 4-gene signature might be involved in CRC tumorigenesis and development through various pathways by playing a prognostic role in CRC. Furthermore, the results of the immune landscape analysis showed that the expression of CXCL8 and IL13RA2 in TCGA-COADREAD dataset was positively correlated with significant differential enrichment of most immune cells. A novel prognostic model consisting of four key genes, CXCL8, IL13RA2, MELK, and POP1, can accurately predict the survival of patients with CRC. This finding may provide a new perspective for the treatment of pyroptosis-related CRC.
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Zhu G, Cheng Z, Wang Q, Lin C, Lin P, He R, Chen H, Hoffman RM, Ye J. TRAF6 regulates the signaling pathway influencing colorectal cancer function by ubiquitination mechanisms. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1393-1405. [PMID: 35179811 PMCID: PMC8990288 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor‐6 (TRAF6) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase. TRAF6 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the specific mechanism by which TRAF6 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is incompletely understood. This study aimed to determine whether TRAF6 affects the LPS‐NF‐κB‐VEGF‐C signaling pathway through ubiquitination, which plays a role in colorectal cancer metastasis. Here, our results showed that TRAF6 affected lymphangiogenesis through the LPS‐NF‐κB‐VEGF‐C signaling pathway. Using ubiquitination experiments, we found that TRAF6 was mainly ubiquitinated with the K63‐linked chains, and LPS promoted ubiquitination of TRAF6 and K63‐linked chains. More importantly, TRAF6 124mut is the main ubiquitination site of TRAF6 interacting with K63‐linked chains. TRAF6 affected the migration, invasion, and lymphatic metastasis of colorectal cancer through its ubiquitination. In subcutaneous xenograft models, TRAF6 124mut inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, our results provide new insight for studying the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer to promote cancer metastasis, which may provide new ideas for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Chunlin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Penghang Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Ruofan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Section, Institute of Abdominal Surgery, Key Laboratory of accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
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Lai PS, Chang WM, Chen YY, Lin Y, Liao HF, Chen CY. Circulating microRNA-762 upregulates colorectal cancer may be accompanied by Wnt-1/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:111-122. [PMID: 34092606 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. CRC occurs because of abnormal growth of cells that can invade other tissues and cause distant metastases. Researchers have suggested that aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression is involved in the initiation and progression of cancers. However, the key miRNAs that regulate the growth and metastasis of CRC remain unclear. The circulating miRNAs from BALB/c mice with CRC CT26 cell implantation were assayed by microarray. Then, Mus musculus (house mouse) mmu-miR-762 mimic and inhibitor were transfected to CT26 cells for analysis of cell viability, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle, and regulatory molecule expression. Human subjects were included for comparison the circulating Homo sapiens (human) has-miR-762 levels in CRC patients and control donors, as well as the patients with and without distant metastasis. The result for miRNA levels in mice with CRC cell implantation indicated that plasma mmu-miR-762 was upregulated. Transfection of mmu-miR-762 mimic to CT26 cells increased cell viability, invasion, and EMT, whereas transfection of mmu-miR-762 inhibitor decreased the above abilities. Cells treated with high-concentration mmu-miR-762 inhibitor induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. However, mmu-miR-762 did not cause apoptosis of cells. Western blot analysis showed that mmu-miR-762 mimic transfection upregulated the expression of Wnt-1 and β-catenin, as well as increased the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Further analysis was performed to demonstrate the correlation of miR-762 with CRC, and blood samples were collected from CRC patients and control donors. The results showed that serum has-miR-762 levels in CRC patients were higher than in control donors. Among the CRC patients (n= 20), six patients with distant metastasis showed higher serum has-miR-762 levels than patients without distant metastasis. Conclusions, the present study suggests that circulating miR-762 might be a potential biomarker for upregulation of CRC cell growth and invasion, and may be accompanied by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Sheng Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - YiFeng Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Fan X, Liu L, Shi Y, Guo F, Wang H, Zhao X, Zhong D, Li G. Integrated analysis of RNA-binding proteins in human colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:222. [PMID: 32828126 PMCID: PMC7443297 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although RNA-binding proteins play an essential role in a variety of different tumours, there are still limited efforts made to systematically analyse the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in the survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Analysis of CRC transcriptome data collected from the TCGA database was conducted, and RBPs were extracted from CRC. R software was applied to analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RBPs. To identify related pathways and perform functional annotation of RBP DEGs, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of these DEGs were analysed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and visualized by Cytoscape software. Based on the Cox regression analysis of the prognostic value of RBPs (from the PPI network) with survival time, the RBPs related to survival were identified, and a prognostic model was constructed. To verify the model, the data stored in the TCGA database were designated as the training set, while the chip data obtained from the GEO database were treated as the test set. Then, both survival analysis and ROC curve verification were conducted. Finally, the risk curves and nomograms of the two groups were generated to predict the survival period. Results Among RBP DEGs, 314 genes were upregulated while 155 were downregulated, of which twelve RBPs (NOP14, MRPS23, MAK16, TDRD6, POP1, TDRD5, TDRD7, PPARGC1A, LIN28B, CELF4, LRRFIP2, MSI2) with prognostic value were obtained. Conclusions The twelve identified genes may be promising predictors of CRC and play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CRC. However, further investigation of the underlying mechanism is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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The Impact of Comorbid Diabetes on Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes in Stage I/II Colon Cancer Patients Undergoing Open Colectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2716395. [PMID: 32802836 PMCID: PMC7426756 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2716395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed at evaluating the impact of comorbid diabetes on short-term postoperative outcomes in patients with stage I/II colon cancer after open colectomy. Methods The data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample database (2005-2010). Short-term surgical outcomes included in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, and hospital length of stay. Results A total of 49,064 stage I/II colon cancer patients undergoing open surgery were included, with a mean age of 70.35 years. Of them, 21.94% had comorbid diabetes. Multivariable analyses revealed that comorbid diabetes was significantly associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications. Compared to patients without diabetes, patients with uncomplicated diabetes had lower percentages of in-hospital mortality and postoperative complications, but patients with complicated diabetes had a higher percentage of postoperative complications. In addition, patients with diabetes only, but not patients with diabetes and hypertension only, had a lower percentage of in-hospital mortality than patients without any comorbidity. Conclusion The present results suggested the protective effects of uncomplicated diabetes on short-term surgical outcomes in stage I/II colon cancer patients after open colectomy. Further studies are warranted to confirm these unexpected findings and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms.
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7
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He Y, Zhang L, Tan F, Wang LF, Liu DH, Wang RJ, Yin XZ. MiR-153-5p promotes sensibility of colorectal cancer cells to oxaliplatin via targeting Bcl-2-mediated autophagy pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1645-1651. [PMID: 32380907 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1760784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is one of the effective chemotherapeutic drugs for colorectal cancer (CRC). Further investigation into the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance could improve outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer. Recently, microRNAs have been reported as a key in drug resistance of tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR-153-5p in L-OHP-resistant CRC cells, and its underlying mechanism. Downregulation of miR-153-5p was observed in CRC cells, while upregulation of miR-153-5p enhances the chemosensitivity of CRC/L-OHP cells. The autophagy of CRC/L-OHP cells was markedly increased after exposure to L-OHP but abolished by the upregulation of miR-153-5p. Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated that Bcl-2 was a direct target of miR-153-5p. In conclusion, our data suggested that miR-153-5p was a mediator of cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer by affecting Bcl-2-mediated autophagy, indicating a new therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Intravenous drugs dispensing center, Ganzhou People's Hospital , Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The FirstPeople's Hospital of Xiantao , Xiantao, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Intravenous drugs dispensing center, Ganzhou People's Hospital , Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Intravenous drugs dispensing center, Ganzhou People's Hospital , Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - De-Hui Liu
- Intravenous drugs dispensing center, Ganzhou People's Hospital , Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong-Juan Wang
- Intravenous drugs dispensing center, Ganzhou People's Hospital , Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiong-Zhang Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Ren L, Zhou T, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xu H, Liu J, Dong X, Yi F, Guo Q, Wang Z, Li X, Bai N, Guo W, Guo M, Jiang B, Wu X, Feng Y, Song X, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Cao L, Han S, Xing C. RNF8 induces β-catenin-mediated c-Myc expression and promotes colon cancer proliferation. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2051-2062. [PMID: 32549753 PMCID: PMC7294952 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage signals transducer RING finger protein 8 (RNF8) is involved in maintaining genomic stability by facilitating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) via ubiquitin signaling. By analyzing the TCGA database and colon cancer tissue microarrays, we found that the expression level of RNF8 was positively correlated with that of c-Myc in colon cancer, which were closely associated with poor survival of colon cancer patients. Furthermore, overexpressing and knocking down RNF8 increased and decreased the expression of c-Myc in colon cancer cells, respectively. In addition, RNF8 interacted with β-catenin and facilitated its nuclear translocation by conjugating K63 polyubiquitination on it. These observations suggested a de novo role of RNF8 in promoting the progression of colon cancer by inducing β-catenin-mediated c-Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ren
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, RP China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Yang Wang
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem FLower Hospital, Panjin 7650036, RP China
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem FLower Hospital, Panjin 7650036, RP China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, RP China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Ning Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Wendong Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Min Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, RP China
| | - Shuai Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, RP China
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, RP China
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Li SQ, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Sun YP, Li XX, Su N. The Role of Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms in Human Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3580-3587. [PMID: 32284754 PMCID: PMC7150440 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) belongs to G protein-coupled receptors expressed mainly in phagocytic leukocytes. The gene encoding FPR1 is highly polymorphic and related to inflammation. In this study, we investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Fpr1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and analyzed the association of Fpr1 SNPs with clinicopathological parameters and some specific diagnostic markers of CRC. Although the allele and genotype frequencies of Fpr1 SNPs in CRC tissues were not significantly different from that in whole blood cells derived from healthy Chinese subjects. Significant associations were observed between genotypes of c.289C>A and distant metastasis (P=0.001), and between genotypes of c.306T>C and tumor size (P=0.016). Genotypes of c.546C>A was closer to tumor size and lymphatic invasion (P=0.012 and P=0.043, respectively). Meanwhile, genotypes of c.1037C>A was related with tumor location and differentiation (P=0.000 and P=0.005, respectively). Besides, genotypes of c.576T>C>G was related with pathological type (P=0.000). Furthermore, several Fpr1 SNP positions including c.289 (C>A) and c.576 (G>C>T) were related to the expression of P53 (P=0.004 and P=0.008, respectively), and similar results were observed between other Fpr1 SNP positions and CEA, HER2 and Ki-67 (P<0.05). Our data demonstrate that Fpr1 SNPs may play the important role in the progression and metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road (No.2), Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xin-Xing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
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10
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Bylsma LC, Gillezeau C, Garawin TA, Kelsh MA, Fryzek JP, Sangaré L, Lowe KA. Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1044-1057. [PMID: 31856410 PMCID: PMC6997095 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations may differ by tumor sidedness among metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Both mutation status and tumor sidedness may impact survival and disease progression and RAS mutation status has been shown to predict response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations by tumor sidedness in studies of mCRC patients. Forty‐four studies comprising 15 981 mCRC patients tested for RAS and/or BRAF mutations were included in the meta‐analyses. The prevalence of RAS mutations differed significantly by tumor side (32.4% among left‐sided tumors, 41.3% among right‐sided tumors; P = .017), as did the prevalence of KRAS mutations (35.8% among left‐sided tumors, 46.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001) and BRAF mutations (4.3% among left‐sided tumors, 16.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001). Among right‐sided tumors, the prevalence of RAS and KRAS mutations varied significantly by study design, with higher prevalence among observational studies than clinical trials, and there was significant variation by study location for the prevalence of KRAS mutations in left‐sided tumors and the prevalence of BRAF mutations in right‐sided tumors. These results help to better characterize the mCRC population to better inform clinicians and researchers. Few of the included studies reported overall or progression‐free survival (PFS) by both tumor sidedness and mutation status. As both of these factors may have prognostic impact, future studies should consider evaluating survival by these variables.
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11
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Lu S, Zhu ZG, Lu WC. Inferring novel genes related to colorectal cancer via random walk with restart algorithm. Gene Ther 2019; 26:373-385. [PMID: 31308477 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer. In recent decades, genomic analysis has played an increasingly important role in understanding the molecular mechanisms of CRC. However, its pathogenesis has not been fully uncovered. Identification of genes related to CRC as complete as possible is an important way to investigate its pathogenesis. Therefore, we proposed a new computational method for the identification of novel CRC-associated genes. The proposed method is based on existing proven CRC-associated genes, human protein-protein interaction networks, and random walk with restart algorithm. The utility of the method is indicated by comparing it to the methods based on Guilt-by-association or shortest path algorithm. Using the proposed method, we successfully identified 298 novel CRC-associated genes. Previous studies have validated the involvement of the majority of these 298 novel genes in CRC-associated biological processes, thus suggesting the efficacy and accuracy of our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Cong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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12
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Ren YL, Zhang W. Propofol promotes apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells via alleviating the suppression of lncRNA HOXA11-AS on miRNA let-7i. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:90-98. [PMID: 31013434 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, surgical resection is the mainstay for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), one of the most commonly used intravenous anaesthetic agents, has been reported to be involved in modulating the malignancy of a variety of human cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, using a cell counting kit (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and caspase-3 cleavage assays, we found that propofol promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in both Colo205 and SW620 cells, through the down-regulation of HOXA11-AS and up-regulation of let-7i. Moreover, gain-of-function studies of HOXA11-AS or loss-of-function studies of let-7i also revealed a negative correlation between HOXA11-AS and let-7i in propofol-mediated biological functions of CRC cells. Furthermore, our mechanistic experiments revealed that HOXA11-AS acts as a molecular sponge for let-7i, thereby regulating the expression of ABCC10. We investigate the theory that propofol suppresses colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by modulating the HOXA11-AS-let-7i-ABCC10 regulatory network, indicating the potential for propofol to control CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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13
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Zhang J, Ren P, Xu D, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang L, Du X, Xing B. Human UTP14a promotes colorectal cancer progression by forming a positive regulation loop with c-Myc. Cancer Lett 2019; 440-441:106-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Zhao J, Cao J, Zhou L, Du Y, Zhang X, Yang B, Gao Y, Wang Y, Ma N, Yang W. MiR-1260b inhibitor enhances the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to fluorouracil by targeting PDCD4/IGF1. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5131-5139. [PMID: 30250581 PMCID: PMC6144919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumor type and has become resistant to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in recent decades, which is one of the most popular therapies. Recently, microRNA (miRNA or miR) has been investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC. However, there has been little investigation of the underlying mechanism of the association between expression of miRNA and chemosensitivity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-1260b inhibitor on CRC cells, and their chemosensitivity to 5-FU, by treating them with the miR-1260b inhibitor. miR-1260b inhibitor was demonstrated to significantly promote the proliferation and invasion of the CRC cell line, HCT116, and to increase the apoptotic rate. Furthermore, it was validated that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) was a direct target of miR-1260b inhibitor in CRC with bioinformatics tools and a luciferase assay. Western blot analysis revealed that miR-1260b inhibitor could significantly decrease PDCD4 expression, and downregulate the expression of phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In conclusion, it was confirmed that the anti-tumor effect of the miR-1260b inhibitor was conducted by blocking the phosphorylated 3-kinase/Akt pathway as dysregulated protein expression induced by miR-1260b inhibitor was rescued by insulin-like growth factor. Notably, miR-1260b inhibitor could significantly enhanced the chemoresponse of HCT116 cells to 5-FU via reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and downregulation of PDCD4, p-Akt and p-ERK protein expression. In summary, the present study may provide a novel direction for future clinical therapy to enhance the chemosensitivity of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lurong Zhou
- Medical Department, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yunyi Du
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Changzhi People's Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
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15
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Gao G, Bian Y, Qian H, Yang M, Hu J, Li L, Yu L, Liu B, Qian X. Gambogic acid regulates the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer via microRNA-21-mediated activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1758-1765. [PMID: 30186399 PMCID: PMC6122420 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) has been reported to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and migration and enhance apoptosis. Several signaling pathways were identified to be involved in GA function, including PI3K/Akt, caspase-3 apoptosis and TNF-α/NF-κB. However, to the best of our knowledge, the association between miRNA and GA has not been explored. The present study initially demonstrated that GA could inhibit HT-29 cancer cell proliferation using an MTT assay. In addition, a Transwell assay and a wound-healing assay respectively indicated that GA inhibited HT-29 cancer cell invasion and migration, which was also confirmed by the increased MMP-9 protein expression. Furthermore, GA induced the apoptosis of HT-29 cancer cells in an Annexin V and PI double staining assay. Moreover, treatment with GA significantly decreased miR-21 expression in these cells. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that GA treatment enhanced the activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) along with the suppression of PI3K and p-Akt. Furthermore, miR-21 mimics reversed all the aforementioned activities of GA, which indicated that miR-21 was the effector of GA and blocked PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via enhancing PTEN activity. In summary, GA induced HT-29 cancer cell apoptosis via decreasing miR-21 expression and blocking PI3K/Akt, which may be a useful novel insight for future CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Gao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Yinzhu Bian
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, P.R. China
| | - Hanqing Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qian
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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16
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Zhao Y, Ren Q, Zhu K. WITHDRAWN: Serum miR-106b upregulation predicts poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2018:CBM181246. [PMID: 29865041 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhao
- Health Check Center of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Digestive Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kongxi Zhu
- Digestive Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Ji B, Wang S, Sun Y, Zhu C, Zhang D, Sun Y. Gli1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis in a Foxm1-dependent manner by activating EMT and PI3K-AKT signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86134-86147. [PMID: 27863385 PMCID: PMC5349902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in human beings and metastasis is the main death reason. Recently, Gli1 has been reported to be a key regulator of various cancer biologies and genes expressions. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of Gli1 in CRC metastasis remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of Gli1 in CRC metastasis. We used qRT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot to test the expression levels of Gli1, Foxm1 and other target genes in the tissues and cells; Lentivirus stable transfection to change the expression levels of Gli1 and Foxm1; Wound-healing, cell invasion, migration assays and tail vein metastatic assay to test the role of Gli1 in CRC metastasis in vitro and vivo. We demonstrated that Gli1 was significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. Foxm1 level had a positive correlation with Gli1. Furthermore, we found that Gli1 promotes colorectal cancer cells metastasis in a Foxm1-dependent manner by activating EMT and PI3K-AKT signaling. Thus, we proved that Gli1 plays important role in CRC metastasis and provided a new visual field on the therapy of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Yong Wang
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - YiFei Feng
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Yue Zhang
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Bing Ji
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Sen Wang
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Ye Sun
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
| | - Yueming Sun
- Colorectal Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA, 210029
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18
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Sun X, Huang T, Cheng F, Huang K, Liu M, He W, Li M, Zhang X, Xu M, Chen S, Xia L. Monitoring colorectal cancer following surgery using plasma circulating tumor DNA. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541205 PMCID: PMC5835910 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative monitoring for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) requires sensitive biomarkers that are associated with medical response and adjuvant therapy following surgery. Conventional tumor biomarkers [including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and CA125] are widely used, but none of the markers provide high sensitivity or specificity. Previous studies indicated that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is useful for postoperative monitoring of patients with cancer. However, the majority of previous studies involved patients with lung cancer, and therefore further studies are required which investigate patients with CRC. The present study enrolled 11 patients with CRC. All patients underwent surgery, and a number of patients were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. Tumor tissues and serial blood samples were collected from each patient, and somatic mutations of each sample were obtained using next-generation sequencing. The mutation landscape and dynamic changes in mutations for each patient were analyzed, and these results were compared with the changes of CEA levels. A number of driver genes were selected, including tumor protein P53 (TP53), APC and KRAS, to monitor the postoperative outcome of the 11 patients with CRC. Driver mutations were detected in preoperative plasma in 7 patients, with markedly decreased mutation rates detected in postoperative plasma compared with preoperative plasma. Driver mutations were not detected in 4 patients in the preoperative or postoperative plasma. In 1 patient with metastatic rectal cancer, the rate of TP53 mutation increased from 8.95 (preoperative) to 71.4% (postoperative), and a new phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α mutation emerged. This patient succumbed to mortality six months following surgery, however there were no marked changes in CEA levels during periodic detection of CEA levels. In summary, ctDNA has a high sensitivity and specificity in prediction of the prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Tanxiao Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Fangsheng Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Kaibing Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Shifu Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX BioTechnology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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19
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Deng Z, Wang X, Long X, Liu W, Xiang C, Bao F, Wang D. Sirtuin 7 promotes colorectal carcinoma proliferation and invasion through the inhibition of E-cadherin. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:2333-2342. [PMID: 29467843 PMCID: PMC5792759 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 7 (Sirt7) is a member of the sirtuin protein family and is implicated in various carcinomas; however, the function of Sirt7 in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the biological function of Sirt7 in CRC tissues and cell lines, and to investigate the potential underlying mechanism by performing reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses, western blot analyses, luciferase reporter assays, cell proliferation and invasion assays. It was demonstrated that Sirt7 presented a higher expression in CRC tissues and cell lines compared with that in normal tissues and cells, and this higher expression was correlated with the tumor size, the tumor, node and metastasis stage and distant metastasis. Knockdown of Sirt7 repressed the proliferation ability of SW620 and HCT116 cells in vitro, while ectopic expression of Sirt7 increased the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in HT29 and SW480 cells. Notably, these functional effects of Sirt7 were exerted through the repression of E-cadherin. Thus, the data of the present study indicated a novel mechanistic role for Sirt7 as an oncogene in CRC malignancy, and Sirt7 may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Xingbiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Long
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Wanzhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
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20
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Shi X, Zhao W, Yang Y, Wu S, Lv B. Salidroside could enhance the cytotoxic effect of L‑OHP on colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:51-58. [PMID: 29115408 PMCID: PMC5780144 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that salidroside inhibits the proliferation and invasion of renal clear cell, lung, breast, and colon cancer. However, effect of salidroside on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells against oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance remains unclear. In the present study, the CRC HT-29 cell line and L-OHP resistance HT-29/L-OHP cell line were used to evaluate the effect, and mechanism of salidroside on L-OHP resistance. The results demonstrated that the activity of HT-29 cells was lower compared with that of HT-29/L-OHP cells following L-OHP intervention, and was accompanied with varied expression levels of drug resistant proteins. The combination of salidroside and L-OHP weakened cell activity significantly compared single utilization. Compared with the control group, salidroside intervention resulted in a higher percentage of HT-29/L-OHP cells in the G0/G1 stage, and reduced percentage in the G2/M stage, but no significant variation in the S stage. The HT-29/L-OHP cells exhibited increased apoptosis rates and caspase-3 activity, but decreased metastatic, and invasive abilities following salidroside intervention. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis detected variations in the expression levels of associated genes in HT-29/L-OHP cells following salidroside intervention. In all, the results of the present study revealed that salidroside is able to decrease the activity and invasive capacity of HT-29/L-OHP cells, and treatment with salidroside is associated with increased apoptosis of cancer cells through the regulation of certain genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Shengchun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Bonan Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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21
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Charlton ME, Karlitz JJ, Schlichting JA, Chen VW, Lynch CF. Factors Associated With Guideline-recommended KRAS Testing in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Population-based Study. Am J Clin Oncol 2017; 40:498-506. [PMID: 25844824 PMCID: PMC4591083 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Response to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors is poorer among stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with KRAS mutations; thus KRAS testing is recommended before treatment. KRAS testing was collected by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries for 2010 CRC cases, and our goal was to provide the first population-based estimates of testing in the United States. METHODS SEER CRC cases diagnosed in 2010 were evaluated (n=30,351). χ tests and logistic regression were conducted to determine patient characteristics associated with KRAS testing, stratified by stages I-III versus stage IV. Log-rank tests were used to examine survival by testing status. RESULTS KRAS testing among stage IV cases ranged from 39% in New Mexico to 15% in Louisiana. In the model, younger age, being married, living in a metropolitan area, and having primary site surgery were associated with greater odds of receiving KRAS testing. Those who received testing had significantly better survival than those who did not (P<0.0001). Among those who received testing, there was no significant difference in survival by mutated versus wild-type KRAS. Five percent of stage I-III cases received testing. CONCLUSIONS Wide variation in documented KRAS testing for stage IV CRC patients exists among SEER registries. Age remained highly significant in multivariate models, suggesting that it plays an independent role in the patient and/or provider decision to be tested. Further research is needed to determine drivers of variation in testing, as well as reasons for testing in stage I-III cases where it is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Charlton
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jordan J. Karlitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Vivien W. Chen
- Louisiana Tumor Registry and Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Charles F. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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22
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Colorectal Cancer Surveillance: What Is the Optimal Frequency of Follow-up and Which Tools Best Predict Recurrence? CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-017-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Pérez-Báez W, García-Latorre EA, Maldonado-Martínez HA, Coronado-Martínez I, Flores-García L, Taja-Chayeb L. Impact of fixation artifacts and threshold selection on high resolution melting analysis for KRAS mutation screening. Mol Cell Probes 2017. [PMID: 28627450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has expanded with monoclonal antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, but is restricted to patients with a wild-type (WT) KRAS mutational status. The most sensitive assays for KRAS mutation detection in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues are based on real-time PCR. Among them, high resolution melting analysis (HRMA), is a simple, fast, highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective method, proposed as adjunct for KRAS mutation detection. However the method to categorize WT vs mutant sequences in HRMA is not clearly specified in available studies, besides the impact of FFPE artifacts on HRMA performance hasn't been addressed either. METHODS Avowedly adequate samples from 104 consecutive mCRC patients were tested for KRAS mutations by Therascreen™ (FDA Validated test), HRMA, and HRMA with UDG pre-treatment to reverse FFPE fixation artifacts. Comparisons of KRAS status allocation among the three methods were done. Focusing on HRMA as screening test, ROC curve analyses were performed for HRMA and HMRA-UDG against Therascreen™, in order to evaluate their discriminative power and to determine the threshold of profile concordance between WT control and sample for KRAS status determination. RESULTS Comparing HRMA and HRMA-UDG against Therascreen™ as surrogate gold standard, sensitivity was 1 for both HRMA and HRMA-UDG; and specificity and positive predictive values were respectively 0.838 and 0.939; and 0.777 and 0.913. As evaluated by the McNemar test, HRMA-UDG allocated samples to a WT/mutated genotype in a significatively different way from HRMA (p > 0.001). On the other hand HRMA-UDG did not differ from Therascreen™ (p = 0.125). ROC-curve analysis showed a significant discriminative power for both HRMA and HRMA-UDG against Therascreen™ (respectively, AUC of 0.978, p > 0.0001, CI 95% 0.957-0.999; and AUC of 0.98, p > 0.0001, CI 95% 0.000-1.0). For HRMA as a screening tool, the best threshold (degree of concordance between sample curves and WT control) was attained at 92.14% for HRMA (specificity of 0.887), and at 92.55% for HRMA-UDG (specificity of 0.952). CONCLUSIONS HRMA is a highly sensitive method for KRAS mutation detection, with apparently adequate and statistically significant discriminative power. FFPE sample fixation artifacts have an impact on HRMA results, so for HRMA on FFPE samples pre-treatment with UDG should be strongly suggested. The choice of the threshold for melting curve concordance has also great impact on HRMA performance. A threshold of 93% or greater might be adequate if using HRMA as a screening tool. Further validation of this threshold is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Pérez-Báez
- Immunology Department and CQB Post-graduate Program, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 11340, México; Molecular Pathology and Immunopathology Department, Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 2 piso 1, Colonia Barrio del Niño Jesús, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 14080, México
| | - Ethel A García-Latorre
- Immunology Department and CQB Post-graduate Program, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Colonia Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 11340, México.
| | - Héctor Aquiles Maldonado-Martínez
- Molecular Pathology and Immunopathology Department, Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 2 piso 1, Colonia Barrio del Niño Jesús, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 14080, México
| | - Iris Coronado-Martínez
- Molecular Pathology and Immunopathology Department, Pathology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 2 piso 1, Colonia Barrio del Niño Jesús, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 14080, México
| | - Leonardo Flores-García
- Blood Bank, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 14080, México
| | - Lucía Taja-Chayeb
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando 22, Colonia Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, CP 14080, México
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Li C, Zhao Z, Zhou J, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao X. Relationship between the TERT, TNIP1 and OBFC1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56932-56941. [PMID: 28915643 PMCID: PMC5593614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, and telomere length has been reported correlate with CRC. This study aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms of telomere length related genes are associated with susceptibility to CRC in Chinese Han population. 11 SNPs from TERT, TNIP1 and OBFC1 genes were selected and genotyped, in addition odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate association between the SNPs and CRC risk in 247 patients clinically and 300 controls in a Chinese Han population. Our results showed that minor allele "G" of rs7708392 and minor allele "C" of rs10036748 in TNIP1 gene were significantly associated with an increased the CRC risk in genotype model, dominant model and additive model after Bonferroni's multiple adjusted (P<0.0011). Moreover, the two SNPs rs7708392 and rs10036748 were in strong linkage disequilibrium. We observed that the haplotype "G-C" was more frequent among CRC patients and associated with a 1.58-fold increased CRC risk (95%CI=1.17-2.13, P=0.003). Contrarily, haplotype "C-T" was associated with a 0.63-fold reduced CRC risk (95%CI=0.47-0.86, P=0.003). Additionally, SNPs in this study except rs7708392 and rs10036748 were found a modest connection with CRC risk. In conclusion, our study firstly provides evidence for a novel association between polymorphisms of telomere length related TNIP1 gene and CRC susceptibility in Chinese Han population, and the results need a further identification in a large sample size and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.,Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Elite Property Management Ltd, Saskatoon, SK S7H 0S6, Canada
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Abstract
The PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a crucial role in stem cell proliferation, embryogenesis, growth, and development, as well as differentiation and maturation in multiple organisms. The relationships between PIWIL1 expression and clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were analyzed by us. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model. The high expression rate of PIWIL1 in the cancer tissue was obviously higher than that in the corresponding adjacent tissue. The expression of PIWIL1 was closely related to the tumor differentiation degree, infiltration depth, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. The Kaplan-Meier survival model suggested that the survival time of CRC patients in the high PIWIL1 expression group was notably lower than that in the low PIWIL1 expression group. High PIWIL1 expression suggests a poor prognosis for CRC patients, and PIWIL1 can serve as an important molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Qin M, Zhang J, Xu C, Peng P, Tan L, Liu S, Huang J. Knockdown of NIK and IKKβ-Binding Protein (NIBP) Reduces Colorectal Cancer Metastasis through Down-Regulation of the Canonical NF-κΒ Signaling Pathway and Suppression of MAPK Signaling Mediated through ERK and JNK. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170595. [PMID: 28125661 PMCID: PMC5268490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the identification of many signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis, metastatic CRC still remains one of the major causes of cancer related death. NIK and IKKβ-binding protein (NIBP) is one of the key regulators of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which has been implicated in CRC metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of NIBP in CRC metastasis through its regulation of NF-κΒ and extracellular regulated kinase/c-Janus kinase (ERK/JNK) signaling pathways. METHODS In this study NIBP, phosphorylated (p)-p65, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK1/2 expression was examined in 130 CRC, and 25 adenoma tissue samples were studied by immunohistochemistry. NIBP shRNA knockdown was performed in HCT116 cells, and NF-κB and ERK/JNK pathway activity was measured after TNF-α stimulation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that NIBP, p-p65, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK1/2 expression was higher in late stages of CRC compared to early stages or adenomas. Expression of p-p65, p-IκBα, p-IκBβ, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK1/2 was inhibited in TNF-α stimulated HCT116 cells following NIBP knockdown. Nevertheless, p-ERK1/2 expression in un-transfected and NIBP knockdown HCT116 cells remained the same in the absence of TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, cell motility and invasion were reduced in HCT116 cells following NIBP knockdown even after TNF-α treatment. Finally, primary tumor weight and liver metastasis were reduced in nude mice with orthotopically transplanted NIBP knockdown of HCT116 cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we demonstrated that NIBP knockdown reduces colorectal cancer metastasis through down-regulation of canonical NF-κΒ signaling and suppression of ERK and JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbin Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiquan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * E-mail:
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Application of Circulating Tumor DNA as a Non-Invasive Tool for Monitoring the Progression of Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159708. [PMID: 27459628 PMCID: PMC4961398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy has been proposed to be a promising noninvasive tool to obtain information on tumor progression. Through a clinical observation of a case series of 6 consecutive patients, we aim to determine the value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for monitoring the tumor burden during the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used capture sequencing of 545 genes to identify somatic alternations in primary tumor tissues of the six CRC patients who underwent radical surgery and in 23 plasma samples collected at serial time points. We compared the mutation patterns and variant allele frequencies (VAFs) between the matched tissue and the plasma samples and evaluated the potential advantage of using ctDNA as a better tumor load indicator to detect disease relapse over carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 19-9 and imaging studies. RESULTS We identified low-frequency mutations with a mean VAF of 0.88% (corresponding to a mean tumor burden of 0.20ng/mL) in the preoperative plasmas of four patients with locally advanced CRC and a subset of mutations shared by their primary tumors. The tumor loads appeared a sudden decrease upon surgery or other adjuvant treatments and then generally maintained at low levels (0.092ng/mL) until disease recurred. ctDNA increased by 13-fold when disease relapsed in one patient while the CEA and CA 19-9 levels remained normal. In this patient, all six somatic mutations identified in the preoperative plasma were detected in the recrudescent plasma again, with five mutations showing allele fraction increase. CONCLUSIONS We described a multi-time-point profile of ctDNA of CRC patients during the course of comprehensive treatment and observed a correlation of ctDNA level with the clinically evaluated tumor progression. This demonstrated a new strategy by analyzing the heterogeneous ctDNA to evaluate and monitor the tumor burden in the treatment and follow-up of CRC patients, with potentially better potency than conventional biomarkers.
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28
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Liu DR, Guan QL, Gao MT, Jiang L, Kang HX. miR-1260b is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2417-23. [PMID: 27399918 PMCID: PMC4954162 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) mainly refers to colon and rectum cancer, which is the most common gastrointestinal malignant tumor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in tumors participate in multiple processes of malignancy development, including cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this study we explored the relationship of miR-1260b abnormal expression with clinical pathological features in CRC patients. Material/Methods The expression of miR-1260b was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in 120 cases of CRC tissues. The correlation of miR-1260b expression with the clinicopathologic features of CRC was analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine whether miR-1260b was an independent predictor of survival for CRC patients. Results The miR-1260b expression in CRC was significantly higher than the expression levels in the corresponding para-carcinoma tissues (P<0.001). According to the expression levels of miR-1260b, 120 cases of CRC patients were classified into either the miR-1260b high expression group or the miR-1260b low expression group. The high expression levels of miR-1260b in CRC patients was associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and venous invasion (P<0.001). However, the high miR-1260b expression had no significant correlation with other clinical parameters (P>0.05). The high miR-1260b expression patients survived for shorter times than those CRC patients with low miR-1260b expression (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that high miR-1260b means poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Conclusions The high expression level of miR-1260b is an independent prognostic biomarker that indicates a worse prognosis for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Rui Liu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Quan-Lin Guan
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Tai Gao
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Xia Kang
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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Choi YW, Song YS, Lee H, Yi K, Kim YB, Suh KW, Lee D. MicroRNA Expression Signatures Associated With BRAF-Mutated Versus KRAS-Mutated Colorectal Cancers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3321. [PMID: 27082577 PMCID: PMC4839821 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF and KRAS genes are known to play a similar role in the activation of RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway in colorectal tumorigenesis. However, BRAF-mutated colorectal cancers (CRCs) have distinct clinicopathologic characteristics different from those of the KRAS mutated ones as in comparison the BRAF-mutated CRCs are associated with a much worse prognosis for the afflicted patients. This study aimed to determine the different miRNA expression signatures associated with BRAF-mutated CRCs in comparison to KRAS-mutated ones, and to identify the specific miRNAs possibly mediating the aggressive phenotype of the BRAF-mutated CRCs. We screened 535 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC tissue samples for the BRAF V600E mutation, and selected 7 BRAF-mutated and 7 KRAS-mutated CRCs that were tumor size, stage, and microsatellite status-matched. Affymetrix GeneChip® miRNA 4.0 Array was used for detection of miRNA expression differences in the selected samples. We validated the array results by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for selected miRNAs. A total of 10 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs associated with BRAF-mutated CRCs were obtained, including miR-31-5p, miR-877-5p, miR-362-5p, and miR-425-3p. miR-31-5p showed the highest fold change (8.3-fold) among all of the miRNAs analyzed. From the analyses of GO biological processes, the DE-miRNAs were functionally relevant to cellular proliferation such as positive regulation of gene expression (P = 1.26 × 10(-10)), transcription (P = 9.70 × 10(-10)), and RNA metabolic process (P = 1.97 × 10(-9)). Bioinformatics analysis showed that the DE-miRNAs were significantly enriched in cancer-associated pathways including neutrophin signaling (P = 6.84 × 10(-5)), pathways in cancer (P = 0.0016), Wnt signaling (P = 0.0027), and MAPK signaling pathway (P = 0.0036). Our results suggest that the DE-miRNAs in BRAF-mutated CRCs in comparison to KRAS-mutated CRCs are implicated in the aggressive phenotype of the BRAF-mutated CRCs. Further experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Choi
- From the Department of Oncology and Haematology (YWC, HL), Department of Pathology (Y-BK, DL), Department of Surgery (KWS), Ajou University School of Medicine; Department of Pathology (YSS, KY), College of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Informatics (YSS), Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cheng F, Su L, Yao C, Liu L, Shen J, Liu C, Chen X, Luo Y, Jiang L, Shan J, Chen J, Zhu W, Shao J, Qian C. SIRT1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in colorectal cancer by regulating Fra-1 expression. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:274-283. [PMID: 26975631 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis is urgently required for targeted therapy and prognosis of metastatic CRC. In this study, we explored potential effects of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) on CRC metastasis. Our data showed that ectopic expression of SIRT1 markedly increased the migration and invasion of CRC cells. In contrast, silencing SIRT1 repressed this behavior in aggressive CRC cells. Tumor xenograft experiments revealed that knockdown of SIRT1 impaired CRC metastasis in vivo. Silencing SIRT1 in CRC cells induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), which is the reverse process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and characterized by a gain of epithelial and loss of mesenchymal markers. We provided a mechanistic insight toward regulation of Fra-1 by SIRT1 and demonstrated a direct link between the SIRT1-Fra-1 axis and EMT. Moreover, SIRT1 expression correlated positively with Fra-1 expression, metastasis and overall survival in patients with CRC. Taken together, our data provide a novel mechanistic role of SIRT1 in CRC metastasis, suggesting that SIRT1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongli Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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31
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Wang W, Qu A, Liu W, Liu Y, Zheng G, Du L, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang C, Chen X. Circulating miR-210 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016; 26. [PMID: 26898324 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
microRNA-210 (miR-210), the master hypoxamir, is overexpressed and generally exhibits oncogenic properties in most human solid tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the status of circulating miR-210 in CRC is still unknown. This study aims to assess the clinical significance of circulating miR-210 in CRC. Using (reverse transcription quantitative PCR) RT-qPCR analysis, we compared the expression levels of circulating miR-210 in serum of 268 CRC patients and 102 healthy controls, and found that serum miR-210 was significantly higher in CRC than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of circulating miR-210 to detect CRC was 0.821, with a sensitivity of 74.6% and a specificity of 73.5%. The AUC of circulating miR-210 showed significantly higher detection capability than that of carcinoembryogenic antigen (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that increased serum miR-210 level correlated with reduced overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.008 and P = 0.008 respectively). Cox analysis indicated circulating miR-210 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Taken together, our data suggested that circulating miR-210 could be a potential non-invasive marker for diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Humanistic Medicine Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - A Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - G Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - L Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Chen
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Humanistic Medicine Research Center of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Zong Z, Zhou T, Rao L, Jiang Z, Li Y, Hou Z, Yang B, Han F, Chen S. Musashi2 as a novel predictive biomarker for liver metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:623-30. [PMID: 26775684 PMCID: PMC4831280 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of musashi2 (MSI-2) has been detected in several malignancies. However, its role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. Our study was designed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of MSI-2 protein in patients with colorectal cancer. The expression of MSI-2 was detected in 164 patients' colorectal cancer and control specimens by the tissue microarray technique and immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between MSI-2 expression and clinicopathological variables including overall survival were analyzed. The prognostic value of liver metastasis is evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. MSI-2 was highly expressed in 32.9% (54/164) of the colorectal cancer. Overexpression of MSI-2 was associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, liver metastasis, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) clinical stage, and Carcinoembryonicantigen (CEA) level (P = 0.040, 0.014, <0.001, <0.001, 0.003, and 0.002, respectively). In the Cox multivariate test, MSI-2 overexpression, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were found to be the independent prognostic factors (P = 0.027, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). Further logistic regression suggested that TNM stage and MSI-2 high expression were related to liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusively, our study indicates that MSI-2 overexpression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and may be a potential biomarker for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taicheng Zhou
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Rao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Jiang
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingru Li
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehui Hou
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghai Han
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery and Hernia Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan D, Li K, Zhu K, Yan R, Dang C. Plasma miR-183 predicts recurrence and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:268-75. [PMID: 25629978 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2014.1002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The prognosis for this cancer is poor, and the development of novel biomarkers, particularly non-invasive surrogate biomarkers, is urgently needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably detectable in the blood and can serve as useful biomarkers for various types of cancer. In this study, the miR-183 expression levels were found to be significantly overexpressed in plasma samples from CRC patients compared with controls, and the postoperative plasma miR-183 levels were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative levels. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained for miR-183 was 0.829, which was higher than those for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). High plasma miR-183 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, higher pTNM stage (III-IV), and tumor recurrence. CRC patients with elevated miR-183 expression in plasma displayed shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and lower overall survival (OS). More importantly, plasma miR-183 was independently correlated with tumor recurrence and a lower OS. Collectively, our results suggested that the elevated miR-183 in the plasma could be a promising biomarker for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence and poor survival in CRC patients.
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Key Words
- AUC, area under curve
- CA19–9, carbohydrate antigen 19–9
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CI, confidence interval
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- DFS, disease-free survival
- HR, hazard ratio
- MiR-183
- MiRNAs, microRNAs
- MicroRNA
- OS, overall survival
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- biomarker
- colorectal cancer
- pTNM, pathological tumor-node-metastasis
- plasma
- prognosis
- recurrence
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yuan
- a Department of Surgical Oncology ; First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University ; Xi'an , China
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NIK- and IKKβ-binding protein promotes colon cancer metastasis by activating the classical NF-κB pathway and MMPs. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5979-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Jiang QH, Peng HX, Zhang Y, Tian P, Xi ZL, Chen H. rs712 polymorphism within let-7 microRNA-binding site might be involved in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer in Chinese population. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3041-5. [PMID: 26543374 PMCID: PMC4622418 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s89746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
rs712 within 3'-untranslated region of KRAS can affect the specific binding between the mRNA and its targeted microRNAs, leading to the activation of KRAS oncogene. However, the possible association between the locus and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We investigated genotypes of the locus in 586 cases and 476 controls to explore the possible association between them. Results of our case-control study showed that genotypes TT (6.5% vs 2.5%, P=0.002, adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.810, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.342-5.488) and GT/TT (36.5% vs 30.5%, P=0.038, adjusted OR =1.342, 95% CI =1.030-1.712) and allele T (21.5% vs 6.5%, P=0.004, adjusted OR =1.328, 95% CI =1.105-1.722) of rs712 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the significant association was also observed in the recessive model (TT vs GG/GT, 6.5% vs 2.5%, P=0.003, adjusted OR =0.372, 95% CI =0.191-0.725). However, there was no association between genotype GT and risk of CRC (30.0% vs 28.0%, P=0.235, adjusted OR =1.210, 95% CI =0.903-1.548). Furthermore, genotype GT (P=0.003) and allele T (P=0.003) were significantly associated with poor differentiation, and genotypes GT and TT and allele T were significantly associated with tumor-node-metastases stage III (P=0.001 for GT vs GG, P<0.001 for TT vs GG, and P<0.001 for T vs G) and node metastasis (P<0.001 for GT vs GG, P=0.001 for TT vs GG, and P<0.001 for T vs G), respectively. These findings indicated that allele T and genotypes TT and GT/TT of rs712 might be susceptible factors for CRC, and mutated allele and genotypes of the locus might predict a poor clinical outcome in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Hua Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Dongyang People’s Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Peng
- Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zu-Lian Xi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Yichang Yiling Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Investigations focused on the interplay between the human microbiome and cancer development, herein termed the 'oncobiome', have been growing at a rapid rate. However, these studies to date have primarily demonstrated associative relationships rather than causative ones. We pose the question of whether this emerging field of research is a 'mirage' without a clear picture, or truly represents a paradigm shift for cancer research. We propose the necessary steps needed to answer crucial questions and push the field forward to bring the mirage into a tangible reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Thomas
- Department of Surgery, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Donnelly CJ, Grima JC, Sattler R. Aberrant RNA homeostasis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: potential for new therapeutic targets? Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 4:417-37. [PMID: 25531686 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. The disease pathogenesis is multifaceted in that multiple cellular and molecular pathways have been identified as contributors to the disease progression. Consequently, numerous therapeutic targets have been pursued for clinical development, unfortunately with little success. The recent discovery of mutations in RNA modulating genes such as TARDBP/TDP-43, FUS/TLS or C9ORF72 changed our understanding of neurodegenerative mechanisms in ALS and introduced the role of dysfunctional RNA processing as a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis. This article discusses the latest findings on such RNA toxicity pathways in ALS and potential novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Donnelly
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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38
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Genetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 and clinical outcomes of FOLFIRI chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7691-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, the two most frequent cancers within the gastrointestinal tract, account for a large proportion of human malignancies worldwide. The initiation and progression of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic events. Epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, specific histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNA-mediated gene silencing, are potentially reversible and heritable. SUMMARY In this article, we summarize the current advances in epigenetic biomarkers as potential substrates for GIC detection. The combined screening of a panel of methylated genes, hyperacetylated histones, microRNAs or other noncoding RNAs is currently under evaluation to improve sensitivity. KEY MESSAGE Current studies concentrated on the development of cost-effective epigenetic diagnostic biomarkers for GIC based on noninvasive blood or stool samples. The combined blood or stool test with a relatively high sensitivity could be a cost-effective screening tool for the detection of patients with asymptomatic cancers who could therefore choose whether or not to go for further examinations, such as endoscopy or colonoscopy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS A better understanding of epigenetic mechanisms has not only offered new insights into a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis, but has also allowed identification of clinically relevant putative biomarkers for the early detection, disease monitoring, prognosis and risk assessment of GIC. In particular, noninvasive biomarkers in serum or fecal samples for the detection of GIC could have potential for better compliance and can be incorporated into routine clinical practice in the foreseeable future, pending their validation in large-scale prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, China ; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yua Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, China ; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai, China
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40
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Liang RY, Tu HF, Tan X, Yeh YS, Chueh PJ, Chuang SM. A gene signature for gold nanoparticle-exposed human cell lines. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique four-gene signature for AuNP exposure was identified using the cDNA microarray and evaluated by qPCR and biological assays in mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yue Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Xiaotong Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Yeh
- Center for Measurement Standards (CMS)
- Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Pin Ju Chueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
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41
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Peer D. Precision medicine – Delivering the goods? Cancer Lett 2014; 352:2-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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42
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High expression of CASK correlates with progression and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9185-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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43
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Leto SM, Trusolino L. Primary and acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in colorectal cancer: impact on future treatment strategies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:709-22. [PMID: 24811491 PMCID: PMC4055851 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Only approximately 10 % of genetically unselected patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer experience tumor regression when treated with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies cetuximab or panitumumab (“primary” or “de novo” resistance). Moreover, nearly all patients whose tumors initially respond inevitably become refractory (“secondary” or “acquired” resistance). An ever-increasing number of predictors of both primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies have been described, and it is now evident that most of the underlying mechanisms significantly overlap. By trying to extrapolate a unifying perspective out of many idiosyncratic details, here, we discuss the molecular underpinnings of therapeutic resistance, summarize research efforts aimed to improve patient selection, and present alternative therapeutic strategies that are now under development to increase response and combat relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta M Leto
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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