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Chen T, Ma W, Wang X, Ye Q, Hou X, Wang Y, Jiang C, Meng X, Sun Y, Cai J. Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00315-1. [PMID: 39097088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the gradual understanding of glioma development and the immune microenvironment, many immune cells have been discovered. Despite the growing comprehension of immune cell functions and the clinical application of immunotherapy, the precise roles and characteristics of immune cell subtypes, how glioma induces subtype transformation of immune cells and its impact on glioma progression have yet to be understood. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, we comprehensively center on the four major immune cells within the glioma microenvironment, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and other significant immune cells. We discuss (1) immune cell subtype markers, (2) glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, (3) the mechanisms of each subtype influencing chemotherapy resistance, (4) therapies targeting immune cells, and (5) immune cell-associated single-cell sequencing. Eventually, we identified the characteristics of immune cell subtypes in glioma, comprehensively summarized the exact mechanism of glioma-induced immune cell subtype transformation, and concluded the progress of single-cell sequencing in exploring immune cell subtypes in glioma. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In conclusion, we have analyzed the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance detailly, and have discovered prospective immunotherapy targets, excavating the potential of novel immunotherapies approach that synergistically combines radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, thereby paving the way for improved immunotherapeutic strategies against glioma and enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qile Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Six Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Afzal A, Afzal Z, Bizink S, Davis A, Makahleh S, Mohamed Y, Coniglio SJ. Phagocytosis Checkpoints in Glioblastoma: CD47 and Beyond. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7795-7811. [PMID: 39194679 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers with very limited treatment options available. The malignant behavior of GBM is manifested in a tumor which is highly invasive, resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, and strongly immunosuppressive. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been introduced in the clinic and have yielded promising results in certain cancers. GBM, however, is largely refractory to these treatments. The immune checkpoint CD47 has recently gained attention as a potential target for intervention as it conveys a "don't eat me" signal to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via the inhibitory SIRP alpha protein. In preclinical models, the administration of anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies has shown impressive results with GBM and other tumor models. Several well-characterized oncogenic pathways have recently been shown to regulate CD47 expression in GBM cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs) including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) beta catenin. Other macrophage pathways involved in regulating phagocytosis including TREM2 and glycan binding proteins are discussed as well. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) could be leveraged for greatly enhancing the phagocytosis of GBM and repolarization of the microenvironment in general. Here, we comprehensively review the mechanisms that regulate the macrophage phagocytosis of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Zobia Afzal
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sophia Bizink
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Amanda Davis
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Sara Makahleh
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Yara Mohamed
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Salvatore J Coniglio
- School of Integrative Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
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3
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Xu ZJ, Li JA, Cao ZY, Xu HX, Ying Y, Xu ZH, Liu RJ, Guo Y, Zhang ZX, Wang WQ, Liu L. Construction of S100 family members prognosis prediction model and analysis of immune microenvironment landscape at single-cell level in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a tumor marker prognostic study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3591-3605. [PMID: 38498399 PMCID: PMC11175822 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma characterized by a mere 10% 5-year survival rate, poses a formidable challenge due to its specific anatomical location, making tumor tissue acquisition difficult. This limitation underscores the critical need for novel biomarkers to stratify this patient population. Accordingly, this study aimed to construct a prognosis prediction model centered on S100 family members. Leveraging six S100 genes and their corresponding coefficients, an S100 score was calculated to predict survival outcomes. The present study provided comprehensive internal and external validation along with power evaluation results, substantiating the efficacy of the proposed model. Additionally, the study explored the S100-driven potential mechanisms underlying malignant progression. By comparing immune cell infiltration proportions in distinct patient groups with varying prognoses, the research identified differences driven by S100 expression. Furthermore, the analysis explored significant ligand-receptor pairs between malignant cells and immune cells influenced by S100 genes, uncovering crucial insights. Notably, the study identified a novel biomarker capable of predicting the sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, offering promising avenues for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- Department of General Surgery, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Jian-ang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Ze-yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Zhi-hang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Run-jie Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Yuquan Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Zi-xin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Wen-quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
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4
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Zhang I, Liu S, Zhang L, Liang R, Fang Q, Zhao J, Ren L, Medina E, Filippov A, Bonjoc KJ, Chaudhry A, Dayyani M, Bild A, Badie B. RAGE ablation attenuates glioma progression and enhances tumor immune responses by suppressing galectin-3 expression. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:886-898. [PMID: 36394567 PMCID: PMC10158202 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas consist of heterogeneous cellular components that have adopted multiple overlapping escape mechanisms that overcome both targeted and immune-based therapies. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is activated by diverse proinflammatory ligands present in the tumor microenvironment. Activation of RAGE by its ligands stimulates multiple signaling pathways that are important in tumor growth and invasion. However, treatment strategies that only target the interaction of RAGE with its ligands are ineffective as cancer therapies due to the abundance and diversity of exogenous RAGE ligands in gliomas. METHODS As an alternative approach to RAGE ligand inhibition, we evaluated the genetic ablation of RAGE on the tumorigenicity of 2 syngeneic murine glioma models. RAGE expression was inhibited in the GL261 and K-Luc gliomas by shRNA and CRSPR/Cas9 techniques prior to intracranial implantation. Tumor growth, invasion, and inflammatory responses were examined by histology, survival, Nanostring, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Intracellular RAGE ablation abrogated glioma growth and invasion by suppressing AKT and ERK1/2 activities and by downregulating MMP9 expression. Interestingly, RAGE inhibition in both glioma models enhanced tumor inflammatory responses by downregulating the expression of galectin-3 and potentiated immunotherapy responses to immune checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that intracellular RAGE ablation suppresses multiple cellular pathways that are important in glioma progression, invasion, and immune escape. These findings strongly support the development of RAGE ablation as a treatment strategy for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pharmacy School of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Rongrui Liang
- Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingxiao Fang
- Colorectal Cancer Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Tianjin Union Medicine Center, Tianjin, 300123, P.R. China
| | - Lyuzhi Ren
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Eric F Medina
- Graduate Education Progr-BRI, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Aleksandr Filippov
- Graduate Education Progr-BRI, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kimberley-Jane Bonjoc
- Imaging Administration, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ammar Chaudhry
- Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mojtaba Dayyani
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Medical Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
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Luo H, Zhang H, Mao J, Cao H, Tao Y, Zhao G, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z, Cheng Q, Liu G. Exosome-based nanoimmunotherapy targeting TAMs, a promising strategy for glioma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:235. [PMID: 37012233 PMCID: PMC10070666 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose, and metabolites. With great potential to be developed as targeted drug carriers, cancer vaccines and noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response evaluation, prognosis prediction, exosomes show extensive advantages of relatively high drug loading capacity, adjustable therapeutic agents release, enhanced permeation and retention effect, striking biodegradability, excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, etc. With the rapid progression of basic exosome research, exosome-based therapeutics are gaining increasing attention in recent years. Glioma, the standard primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor, is still up against significant challenges as current traditional therapies of surgery resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and numerous efforts into new drugs showed little clinical curative effect. The emerging immunotherapy strategy presents convincing results in many tumors and is driving researchers to exert its potential in glioma. As the crucial component of the glioma microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and strongly influence glioma progression via various signaling molecules, simultaneously providing new insight into therapeutic strategies. Exosomes would substantially assist the TAMs-centered treatment as drug delivery vehicles and liquid biopsy biomarkers. Here we review the current potential exosome-mediated immunotherapeutics targeting TAMs in glioma and conclude the recent investigation on the fundamental mechanisms of diversiform molecular signaling events by TAMs that promote glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health management center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanjian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Valiente M, Sepúlveda JM, Pérez A. Emerging targets for cancer treatment: S100A9/RAGE. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100751. [PMID: 36652782 PMCID: PMC9860424 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing better treatments that work for the majority of patients with brain metastasis (BM) is highly necessary. Complementarily, avoiding those therapeutic procedures that will not benefit a specific patient is also very relevant. In general, existing therapies for patients with BM could be improved in terms of molecular stratification and therapeutic efficacy. By questioning the benefit of whole brain radiotherapy as provided nowadays and the lack of biomarkers detecting radioresistance, we identified S100A9 and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) as a liquid biopsy biomarker and a potential target for a radiosensitizer, respectively. Both of them are being clinically tested as part of the first comprehensive molecular strategy to personalized radiotherapy in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Sepúlveda
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid.
| | - A Pérez
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid; Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid; Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Faruqui T, Singh G, Khan S, Khan MS, Akhter Y. Differential gene expression analysis of RAGE-S100A6 complex for target selection and the design of novel inhibitors for anticancer drug discovery. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:205-220. [PMID: 36502516 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a member of the immunoglobulin family, interactions with its ligands trigger downstream signaling and induce an inflammatory response linked to diabetes, inflammation, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disease, and a variety of other human disorders. The interaction of RAGE and S100A6 has been associated with a variety of malignancies. For the control of RAGE-related illnesses, there is a great demand for more specialized drug options. To identify the most effective target for combating human malignancies associated with RAGE-S100A6 complex, we conducted single and differential gene expression analyses of S100A6 and RAGE, comparing normal and malignant tissues. Further, a structure-based virtual screening was conducted using the ZINC15 database. The chosen compounds were then subjected to a molecular docking investigation on the RAGE active site region, recognized by the various cancer-related RAGE ligands. An optimized RAGE structure was screened against a library of drug-like molecules. The screening results suggested that three promising compounds were presented as the top acceptable drug-like molecules with a high binding affinity at the RAGE V-domain catalytic region. We depicted that these compounds may be potential RAGE inhibitors and could be used to produce a successful medication against human cancer and other RAGE-related diseases based on their various assorted parameters, binding energy, hydrogen bonding, ADMET characteristics, etc. MD simulation on a time scale of 50 ns was used to test the stability of the RAGE-inhibitor complexes. Therefore, targeting RAGE and its ligands using these drug-like molecules may be an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabrez Faruqui
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Zhao L, Xu DG, Hu YH. The Regulation of Microglial Cell Polarization in the Tumor Microenvironment: A New Potential Strategy for Auxiliary Treatment of Glioma-A Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:193-204. [PMID: 35137327 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system and normally should be treated by synthetic therapy, mainly with surgical operation assisted by radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, the therapeutic effect has not been satisfactory, and the 5-year survival rates of anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma are 29.7% and 5.5%, respectively. To identify a more efficient strategy to treat glioma, in recent years, the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment on the progression of glioma has been studied. Various immunophenotypes exist in microglial cells, each of which has a different functional property. In this review, references about the phenotypic conversion of microglial cell polarity in the microenvironment were briefly summarized, and the differences in polarized state and function, their influences on glioma progression under different physiological and pathological conditions, and the interactive effects between the two were mainly discussed. Certain signaling molecules and regulatory pathways involved in the microglial cell polarization process were investigated, and the feasibility of targeted regulation of microglial cell conversion to an antitumor phenotype was analyzed to provide new clues for the efficient auxiliary treatment of neural glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Gang Xu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Science, Research Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Anagnostakis F, Piperi C. Targeting Options of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Activity in Gliomas. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:457-470. [PMID: 35048810 PMCID: PMC10207914 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220120120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most plastic cells of the hematopoietic system, exhibit increased tumor-infiltrating properties and functional heterogeneity depending on tumor type and associated microenvironment. TAMs constitute a major cell type of cancer-related inflammation, commonly enhancing tumor growth. They are profoundly involved in glioma pathogenesis, contributing to many cancer hallmarks such as angiogenesis, survival, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Efficient targeting of TAMs presents a promising approach to tackle glioma progression. Several targeting options involve chemokine signaling axes inhibitors and antibodies, antiangiogenic factors, immunomodulatory molecules, surface immunoglobulins blockers, receptor and transcription factor inhibitors, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), administered either as standalone or in combination with other conventional therapies. Herein, we provide a critical overview of current therapeutic approaches targeting TAMs in gliomas with the promising outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
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10
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RAGE Inhibitors for Targeted Therapy of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010266. [PMID: 36613714 PMCID: PMC9820344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed in the lung, and its expression increases proportionally at the site of inflammation. This receptor can bind a variety of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, adhesion molecules, complement components, advanced lipoxidation end products, lipopolysaccharides, and other molecules that mediate cellular responses related to acute and chronic inflammation. RAGE serves as an important node for the initiation and stimulation of cell stress and growth signaling mechanisms that promote carcinogenesis, tumor propagation, and metastatic potential. In this review, we discuss different aspects of RAGE and its prominent ligands implicated in cancer pathogenesis and describe current findings that provide insights into the significant role played by RAGE in cancer. Cancer development can be hindered by inhibiting the interaction of RAGE with its ligands, and this could provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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11
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Wang H, Mao X, Ye L, Cheng H, Dai X. The Role of the S100 Protein Family in Glioma. J Cancer 2022; 13:3022-3030. [PMID: 36046652 PMCID: PMC9414020 DOI: 10.7150/jca.73365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of 25 members and share a common structure defined in part by the Ca2+ binding EF-hand motif. Multiple members' dysregulated expression is associated with progression, diagnosis and prognosis in a broad range of diseases, especially in tumors. They could exert wide range of functions both in intracellular and extracellular, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility, enzyme activities, immune responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, Ca2+ homeostasis and angiogenesis. Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumors of the brain and spinal cord with multiple subtypes that are diagnosed and classified based on histopathology. Up to now the role of several S100 proteins in gliomas have been explored. S100A8, S100A9 and S100B were highly expression in serum and may present as a marker correlated with survival and prognosis of glioma patients. Individual member was confirmed as a new regulator of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and a mediator of mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma (GBM). Additionally, several members up- or downregulation have been reported to involve in the development of glioma by interacting with signaling pathways and target proteins. Here we detail S100 proteins that are associated with glioma, and discuss their potential effects on progression, diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
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12
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Liu X, Liu Y, Qi Y, Huang Y, Hu F, Dong F, Shu K, Lei T. Signal Pathways Involved in the Interaction Between Tumor-Associated Macrophages/TAMs and Glioblastoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:822085. [PMID: 35600367 PMCID: PMC9114701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.822085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly recognized, that glioblastoma is a large complex composed of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Tumor-associated macrophages account for the majority of tumor bulk and play pivotal roles in tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. There are sophisticated interactions between malignant cells and tumor associated-macrophages. Tumor cells release a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that subsequently lead to the recruitment of TAMs, which in return released a plethora of factors to construct an immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive microenvironment. In this article, we have reviewed the biological characteristics of glioblastoma-associated macrophages and microglia, highlighting the emerging molecular targets and related signal pathways involved in the interaction between TAMs and glioblastoma cells, as well as the potential TAMs-associated therapeutic targets for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Qi
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyong Dong
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Alarm Signal S100-Related Signature Is Correlated with Tumor Microenvironment and Predicts Prognosis in Glioma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4968555. [PMID: 35592707 PMCID: PMC9113871 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4968555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioma are the most common malignant central nervous system tumor and are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to therapy. Dysregulation of S100 proteins may augment tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis by modulating immune response. However, the comprehensive function and prognostic value of S100 proteins in glioma remain unclear. Here, we explored the expression profiles of 17 S100 family genes and constructed a high-efficient prediction model for glioma based on CGGA and TCGA datasets. Immune landscape analysis displayed that the distribution of immune scores, ESTIMATE scores, and stromal scores, as well as infiltrating immune cells (macrophages M0/M1/M2, T cell CD4+ naïve, Tregs, monocyte, neutrophil, and NK activated), were significant different between risk-score subgroups. Overall, we demonstrated the value of S100 protein-related signature in the prediction of glioma patients’ prognosis and determined its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in glioma.
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14
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Wu D, Liu X, Mu J, Yang J, Wu F, Zhou H. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Proteins in Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Their Applications in Cancers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030392. [PMID: 35327584 PMCID: PMC8945446 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, stemness, therapeutic resistance, and immune tolerance in a protein-dependent manner. Therefore, the traditional target paradigms are often insufficient to exterminate tumor cells. These pro-tumoral functions are mediated by the subsets of macrophages that exhibit canonical protein markers, while simultaneously having unique transcriptional features, which makes the proteins expressed on TAMs promising targets during anti-tumor therapy. Herein, TAM-associated protein-dependent target strategies were developed with the aim of either reducing the numbers of TAMs or inhibiting the pro-tumoral functions of TAMs. Furthermore, the recent advances in TAMs associated with tumor metabolism and immunity were extensively exploited to repolarize these TAMs to become anti-tumor elements and reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we systematically summarize these current studies to fully illustrate the TAM-associated protein targets and their inhibitors, and we highlight the potential clinical applications of targeting the crosstalk among TAMs, tumor cells, and immune cells in anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jingtian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (J.M.); (J.Y.)
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (J.M.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Frontier Innovation Center for Dental Medicine Plus, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.W.); (J.M.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (H.Z.)
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15
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Nykamp MJ, Zorumski CF, Reiersen AM, Nicol GE, Cirrito J, Lenze EJ. Opportunities for Drug Repurposing of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Potential Uses in Inflammation, Infection, Cancer, Neuroprotection, and Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2021; 55:24-29. [PMID: 34875696 DOI: 10.1055/a-1686-9620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are safe and widely used for a variety of indications including depressive disorders, anxiety, and chronic pain. Besides inhibiting the serotonin transporter, these medications have broad-spectrum properties in many systems. Their roles have been studied in cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and infectious processes. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of drug repurposing of medications already in use. We conducted a narrative review of current evidence and ongoing research on drug repurposing of SRIs, with a focus on immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and neuroprotective activity. SRIs may have clinical use as repurposed agents for a wide variety of conditions including but not limited to COVID-19, Alzheimer's disease, and neoplastic processes. Further research, particularly randomized controlled trials, will be necessary to confirm the utility of SRIs for new indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Nykamp
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angela M Reiersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ginger E Nicol
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Cirrito
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Yang H, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Zhang G, Hou J, Yang J. Circ_MUC16 attenuates the effects of Propofol to promote the aggressive behaviors of ovarian cancer by mediating the miR-1182/S100B signaling pathway. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:297. [PMID: 34837947 PMCID: PMC8626908 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Propofol is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and has been demonstrated to inhibit cancer development, which is shown to be associated with deregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The objective of this study was to explore the role of circular RNA mucin 16 (circ_MUC16) in Propofol-mediated inhibition of ovarian cancer. Methods The expression of circ_MUC16, microRNA-1182 (miR-1182) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) mRNA was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of S100B protein was checked by western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4, 5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay. Glycolysis metabolism was assessed by glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP level. Cell migration and cell invasion were assessed by transwell assay. Cell migration was also assessed by wound healing assay. Animal study was conducted in nude mice to determine the role of circ_MUC16 in vivo. The relationship between miR-1182 and circ_MUC16 or S100B was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results Propofol inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion, which were partly recovered by circ_MUC16 overexpression. Circ_MUC16 was downregulated in Propofol-treated ovarian cancer cells. Besides, circ_MUC16 knockdown enhanced the effects of Propofol to further inhibit tumor growth in vivo. MiR-1182 was a target of circ_MUC16, and circ_MUC16 knockdown-inhibited cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion were partly restored by miR-1182 inhibition. In addition, S100B was a target of miR-1182, and miR-1182-suppressed cell proliferation, glycolysis metabolism, migration and invasion were partly restored by S100B overexpression. Conclusion Circ_MUC16 overexpression alleviated the effects of Propofol to promote the aggressive behaviors of ovarian cancer by targeting the miR-1182/S100B network. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01517-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunrui Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yecai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiali Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming College, No. 871, Longquan Road, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China.
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17
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Kinoshita T, Tomita H, Okada H, Niwa A, Hyodo F, Kanayama T, Matsuo M, Imaizumi Y, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Miyai M, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Sugie S, Matsumoto K, Yamaguchi Y, Matsuo M, Hara H, Iwama T, Hara A. Endothelial cell-specific reduction of heparan sulfate suppresses glioma growth in mice. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 34790962 PMCID: PMC8585801 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the factors that has been suggested to be associated with angiogenesis and invasion of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive and fast-growing brain tumor. However, it remains unclear how HS of endothelial cells is involved in angiogenesis in glioblastoma and its prognosis. Thus, we investigated the effect of endothelial cell HS on GBM development. METHODS We generated endothelial cell-specific knockout of Ext1, a gene encoding a glycosyltransferase and essential for HS synthesis, and murine GL261 glioblastoma cells were orthotopically transplanted. Two weeks after transplantation, we examined the tumor progression and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The endothelial cell-specific Ext1 knockout (Ext1 CKO ) mice exhibited reduced HS expression specifically in the vascular endothelium of the brain capillaries compared with the control wild-type (WT) mice. GBM growth was significantly suppressed in Ext1 CKO mice compared with that in WT mice. After GBM transplantation, the survival rate was significantly higher in Ext1 CKO mice than in WT mice. We investigated how the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which is known as an angiogenesis-promoting factor, differs between Ext1 CKO and WT mice by using an in vivo Matrigel assay and demonstrated that endothelial cell-specific HS reduction attenuated the effect of FGF2 on angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS HS reduction in the vascular endothelium of the brain suppressed GBM growth and neovascularization in mice. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-021-00444-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ogaki Tokusyukai Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu 503-0015 Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, 500-8523 Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196 Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
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18
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Basheer AS, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Macrophages, and Neutrophils in Glioma Maintenance and Progression: Mechanistic Understanding and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4226. [PMID: 34439380 PMCID: PMC8393628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common, highly malignant, and deadliest forms of brain tumors. These intra-cranial solid tumors are comprised of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells, which contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to the therapeutic regimen. A variety of soluble inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and chemotactic factors) are secreted by these cells, which help in creating an inflammatory microenvironment and contribute to the various stages of cancer development, maintenance, and progression. The major tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tumor microenvironment include TAMs and TANs, which are either recruited peripherally or present as brain-resident macrophages (microglia) and support stroma for cancer cell expansion and invasion. These cells are highly plastic in nature and can be polarized into different phenotypes depending upon different types of stimuli. During neuroinflammation, glioma cells interact with TAMs and TANs, facilitating tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Targeting inflammatory mediators along with the reprogramming of TAMs and TANs could be of great importance in glioma treatment and may delay disease progression. In addition, an inhibition of the key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and TLRs, which are activated during neuroinflammation and have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), can exert more pronounced anti-glioma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Basheer
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 434000, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
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Michetti F, Di Sante G, Clementi ME, Sampaolese B, Casalbore P, Volonté C, Romano Spica V, Parnigotto PP, Di Liddo R, Amadio S, Ria F. Growing role of S100B protein as a putative therapeutic target for neurological- and nonneurological-disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:446-458. [PMID: 33971224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein mainly expressed by astrocytes, but also localized in other definite neural and extra-neural cell types. While its presence in biological fluids is widely recognized as a reliable biomarker of active injury, growing evidence now indicates that high levels of S100B are suggestive of pathogenic processes in different neural, but also extra-neural, disorders. Indeed, modulation of S100B levels correlates with the occurrence of clinical and/or toxic parameters in experimental models of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, acute neural injury, inflammatory bowel disease, uveal and retinal disorders, obesity, diabetes and cancer, thus directly linking the levels of S100B to pathogenic mechanisms. In general, deletion/inactivation of the protein causes the improvement of the disease, whereas its over-expression/administration induces a worse clinical presentation. This scenario reasonably proposes S100B as a common therapeutic target for several different disorders, also offering new clues to individuate possible unexpected connections among these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Michetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casalbore
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science, IASI-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, Padua, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Cellular Neurobiology Unit, Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1-8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C. Emerging role of S100B protein implication in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1445-1453. [PMID: 33052436 PMCID: PMC11073186 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, lacking effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In search of novel molecular factors that may contribute to PD pathogenesis, emerging evidence highlights the multifunctional role of the calcium-binding protein S100B that is widely expressed in the brain and predominantly in astrocytes. Preclinical evidence points towards the possible time-specific contributing role of S100B in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including PD, mainly by regulating neuroinflammation and dopamine metabolism. Although existing clinical evidence presents some contradictions, estimation of S100B in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid seems to hold a great promise as a potential PD biomarker, particularly regarding the severity of motor and non-motor PD symptoms. Furthermore, given the recent development of S100B inhibitors that are able to cross the blood brain barrier, novel opportunities are arising in the research field of PD therapeutics. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in the implication of S100B protein in the pathogenesis of PD and discuss relevant studies investigating the biomarker potential of S100B in PD, aiming to shed more light on clinical targeting approaches related to this incurable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Beeraka NM, Bovilla VR, Doreswamy SH, Puttalingaiah S, Srinivasan A, Madhunapantula SV. The Taming of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) Deglycation by Fructosamine-3-Kinase (FN3K)-Inhibitors-A Novel Strategy to Combat Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020281. [PMID: 33466626 PMCID: PMC7828646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aim of this review is to provide an overview on (a) Fructosamine-3-Kinase (FN3K) and its role in regulating Nuclear Factor Erythorid-2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2); (b) the role of glycation and deglycation mechanisms in modulating the functional properties of proteins, in particular, the Nrf2; (c) the dual role of Nrf2 in the prevention and treatment of cancers. Since controlling the glycation of Nrf2 is one of the key mechanisms determining the fate of a cell; whether to get transformed into a cancerous one or to stay as a normal one, it is important to regulate Nrf2 and deglycating FN3K using pharmacological agents. Inhibitors of FN3K are being explored currently to modulate Nrf2 activity thereby control the cancers. Abstract Glycated stress is mediated by the advanced glycation end products (AGE) and the binding of AGEs to the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) in cancer cells. RAGEs are involved in mediating tumorigenesis of multiple cancers through the modulation of several downstream signaling cascades. Glycated stress modulates various signaling pathways that include p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa–B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, etc., which further foster the uncontrolled proliferation, growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and evasion of apoptosis in several cancers. In this review, a balanced overview on the role of glycation and deglycation in modulating several signaling cascades that are involved in the progression of cancers was discussed. Further, we have highlighted the functional role of deglycating enzyme fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) on Nrf2-driven cancers. The activity of FN3K is attributed to its ability to deglycate Nrf2, a master regulator of oxidative stress in cells. FN3K is a unique protein that mediates deglycation by phosphorylating basic amino acids lysine and arginine in various proteins such as Nrf2. Deglycated Nrf2 is stable and binds to small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (sMAF) proteins, thereby activating cellular antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative stress. This cellular protection offered by Nrf2 activation, in one way, prevents the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell; however, in the other way, it helps a cancer cell not only to survive under hypoxic conditions but also, to stay protected from various chemo- and radio-therapeutic treatments. Therefore, the activation of Nrf2 is similar to a double-edged sword and, if not controlled properly, can lead to the development of many solid tumors. Hence, there is a need to develop novel small molecule modulators/phytochemicals that can regulate FN3K activity, thereby maintaining Nrf2 in a controlled activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India; (N.M.B.); (V.R.B.); (S.H.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Venugopal R. Bovilla
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India; (N.M.B.); (V.R.B.); (S.H.D.); (S.P.)
- Public Health Research Institute of India (PHRII), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Shalini H. Doreswamy
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India; (N.M.B.); (V.R.B.); (S.H.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sujatha Puttalingaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India; (N.M.B.); (V.R.B.); (S.H.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India;
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India; (N.M.B.); (V.R.B.); (S.H.D.); (S.P.)
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-810-527-8621
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Ge S, Shi Y, Zhu G, Li S, Cai Y, Ji P, Liu J, Guo W, Gong L, Lou M, Feng F, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Qu Y, Wang L. Molecular Pathological Markers Correlated With the Recurrence Patterns of Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:565045. [PMID: 33585189 PMCID: PMC7873968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioma is one of the most common tumors of the central nervous system, and many patients suffer from recurrence even after standard comprehensive treatment. However, little is known about the molecular markers that predict the recurrence patterns of glioma. This study aimed to demonstrate the correlations between molecular markers and glioma recurrence patterns, which included local/nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular/nonparaventricular recurrence. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the molecular markers of 88 glioma tissues following surgical resection. The recurrence patterns were divided into local recurrence, marginal recurrence, distant recurrence, multirecurrence, and subarachniod recurrence, with the last four recurrence patterns being collectively called nonlocal recurrence. According to whether the recurrence invaded ventricles, the nonlocal recurrence patterns were divided into paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence. Then, we compared the different recurrence patterns and their clinical characteristics, focusing on the expression of molecular markers. Results More patients in the nonlocal recurrence group received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy than patients in the local recurrence group (p=0.019). Sex, age, extent of surgery, time to recurrence, tumor location, size, and WHO grade were not different in the defined groups (P>0.05). Recurrent tumor volume and WHO grade were significantly different between the paraventricular and nonparaventricular recurrence groups (p=0.046 and 0.033). The expression of Ki-67, P53, and PCNA in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015, 0.009, and 0.037), while the expression of S-100 in the nonlocal recurrence group was significantly lower than that in the local recurrence group (p=0.015). Cox regression indicated hazard ratio (HR) for high expression level of PCNA associated with non-local recurrence was 3.43 (95% CI, 1.15, 10.24), and HR for high expression level of MGMT associated with paraventricular recurrence was 2.64 (95% CI, 1.15,6.08). Conclusions Ki-67, P53, PCNA, and MGMT might be important clinical markers for nonlocal recurrence and paraventricular recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songlun Li
- Medical Department of Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaning Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peigang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yulong Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Otazu GK, Dayyani M, Badie B. Role of RAGE and Its Ligands on Inflammatory Responses to Brain Tumors. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770472. [PMID: 34975408 PMCID: PMC8716782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, the most common form of brain cancer, can range from relatively slow-growing low-grade to highly aggressive glioblastoma that has a median overall survival of only 15 months despite multimodal standard therapy. Although immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved patient survival for some cancers, to date, these agents have not shown consistent efficacy against malignant gliomas. Therefore, there is a pressing need to better understand the impact of host inflammatory responses on the efficacy of emerging immunotherapy approaches for these resistant tumors. RAGE is a multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor that is activated in various inflammatory states such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, and cancer. Low levels of RAGE can be found under normal physiological conditions in neurons, immune cells, activated endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle cells, but it is over-expressed under chronic inflammation due to the accumulation of its ligands. RAGE binds to a range of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) including AGEs, HMGB1, S100s, and DNA which mediate downstream cellular responses that promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that inhibition of RAGE signaling can disrupt inflammation and cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we will review our current understanding of the role of RAGE pathway on glioma progression and how it could be exploited to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffith Kyle Otazu
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mojtaba Dayyani
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute and Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an immunoglobulin-like receptor present on cell surface. RAGE binds to an array of structurally diverse ligands, acts as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and is expressed on cells of different origin performing different functions. RAGE ligation leads to the initiation of a cascade of signaling events and is implicated in diseases, such as inflammation, cancer, diabetes, vascular dysfunctions, retinopathy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Because of the significant involvement of RAGE in the progression of numerous diseases, RAGE signaling has been targeted through use of inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies as a treatment strategy and therapy. Here in this review, we have summarized the physical and physiological aspects of RAGE biology in mammalian system and the importance of targeting this molecule in the treatment of various RAGE mediated pathologies. Highlights Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors and involved in many pathophysiological conditions. RAGE ligation with its ligands leads to initiation of distinct signaling cascades and activation of numerous transcription factors. Targeting RAGE signaling through inhibitors and anti-RAGE antibodies can be promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Jangde
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rashmi Ray
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivek Rai
- Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Abstract
Purpose of review This review focuses on the development and progression of glioblastoma through the brain and glioma microenvironment. Specifically we highlight how the tumor microenvironment contributes to the hallmarks of cancer in hopes of offering novel therapeutic options and tools to target this microenvironment. Recent findings The hallmarks of cancer, which represent elements of cancers that contribute to the disease's malignancy, yet elements within the brain tumor microenvironment, such as other cellular types as well as biochemical and biophysical cues that can each uniquely affect tumor cells, have not been well-described in this context and serve as potential targets for modulation. Summary Here, we highlight how the brain tumor microenvironment contributes to the progression and therapeutic response of tumor cells. Specifically, we examine these contributions through the lens of Hanahan & Weinberg's Hallmarks of Cancer in order to identify potential novel targets within the brain that may offer a means to treat brain cancers, including the deadliest brain cancer, glioblastoma.
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Allgöwer C, Kretz AL, von Karstedt S, Wittau M, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. Friend or Foe: S100 Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082037. [PMID: 32722137 PMCID: PMC7465620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are widely expressed small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding proteins of vertebrates, which are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation. Although the complex network of S100 signalling is by far not fully deciphered, several S100 family members could be linked to a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory disorders, neurological diseases, and also cancer. The research of the past decades revealed that S100 proteins play a crucial role in the development and progression of many cancer types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. Hence, S100 family members have also been shown to be promising diagnostic markers and possible novel targets for therapy. However, the current knowledge of S100 proteins is limited and more attention to this unique group of proteins is needed. Therefore, this review article summarises S100 proteins and their relation in different cancer types, while also providing an overview of novel therapeutic strategies for targeting S100 proteins for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Allgöwer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Wittau
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-53691
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Pouliquen DL, Boissard A, Coqueret O, Guette C. Biomarkers of tumor invasiveness in proteomics (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:409-432. [PMID: 32468071 PMCID: PMC7307599 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, quantitative proteomics has emerged as an important tool for deciphering the complex molecular events involved in cancers. The number of references involving studies on the cancer metastatic process has doubled since 2010, while the last 5 years have seen the development of novel technologies combining deep proteome coverage capabilities with quantitative consistency and accuracy. To highlight key findings within this huge amount of information, the present review identified a list of tumor invasive biomarkers based on both the literature and data collected on a biocollection of experimental cell lines, tumor models of increasing invasiveness and tumor samples from patients with colorectal or breast cancer. Crossing these different data sources led to 76 proteins of interest out of 1,245 mentioned in the literature. Information on these proteins can potentially be translated into clinical prospects, since they represent potential targets for the development and evaluation of innovative therapies, alone or in combination. Herein, a systematical review of the biology of each of these proteins, including their specific subcellular/extracellular or multiple localizations is presented. Finally, as an important advantage of quantitative proteomics is the ability to provide data on all these molecules simultaneously in cell pellets, body fluids or paraffin‑embedded sections of tumors/invaded tissues, the significance of some of their interconnections is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Boissard
- Paul Papin ICO Cancer Center, CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, F‑44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Catherine Guette
- Paul Papin ICO Cancer Center, CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, F‑44000 Nantes, France
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29
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El-Far AH, Sroga G, Al Jaouni SK, Mousa SA. Role and Mechanisms of RAGE-Ligand Complexes and RAGE-Inhibitors in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103613. [PMID: 32443845 PMCID: PMC7279268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of the receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and its ligands in the context of their role in diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. This review focuses on the role of RAGE-ligands and anti-RAGE drugs capable of controlling cancer progression. Different studies have demonstrated interaction of RAGE with a diverse range of acidic (negatively charged) ligands such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and S100s, and their importance to cancer progression. Some RAGE-ligands displayed effects on anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins through upregulation of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, while downregulating p53 in cancer progression. In addition, RAGE may undergo ligand-driven multimodal dimerization or oligomerization mediated through self-association of some of its subunits. We conclude our review by proposing possible future lines of study that could result in control of cancer progression through RAGE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Grazyna Sroga
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY (RPI), Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, King Abdulaziz University, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
- Correspondence:
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30
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Le Bagge S, Fotheringham AK, Leung SS, Forbes JM. Targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in type 1 diabetes. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1200-1219. [PMID: 32112452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases manifesting in early life, with the prevalence increasing worldwide at a rate of approximately 3% per annum. The prolonged hyperglycaemia characteristic of T1D upregulates the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and accelerates the formation of RAGE ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high-mobility group protein B1, S100 calcium-binding proteins, and amyloid-beta. Interestingly, changes in the expression of RAGE and these ligands are evident in patients before the onset of T1D. RAGE signals via various proinflammatory cascades, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines. A large number of proinflammatory ligands that can signal via RAGE have been implicated in several chronic diseases, including T1D. Therefore, it is unsurprising that RAGE has become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prevention of disease. In this review, we will explore how RAGE might be targeted to prevent the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Le Bagge
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia K Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sherman S Leung
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland (MRI-UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhang IY, Zhou H, Liu H, Zhang L, Gao H, Liu S, Song Y, Alizadeh D, Yin HH, Pillai R, Badie B. Local and Systemic Immune Dysregulation Alters Glioma Growth in Hyperglycemic Mice. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2740-2753. [PMID: 32019861 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unlike most cancers, no clear epidemiological correlation between diabetes (Db) and malignant glioma progression exists. Because hyperglycemia activates proinflammatory pathways through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), we hypothesized that Db can also promote malignant glioma progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared the growth of two phenotypically diverse syngeneic glioma models in control and diabetic mice. Tumor growth and antitumor immune responses were evaluated in orthotopic and heterotopic models and correlated to RAGE and RAGE ligand expression. RESULTS Irrespective of tumor implantation site, growth of a "classical" glioma model, GL261, increased in hyperglycemic mice and was mediated by upregulation of RAGE and its ligand, HMGB1. However, growth of a "mesenchymal" glioma subtype, K-Luc, depended on tumor implantation site. Whereas heterotopic K-Luc tumors progressed rapidly in Db mice, intracranial K-Luc tumors grew slower. We further showed that hyperglycemia inhibited the innate antitumor inflammatory responses in both models. Although this contributed to the accelerated growth of heterotopic tumors, suppression of tumor inflammatory responses dampened the growth of orthotopic K-Luc gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia may enhance glioma growth through promotion of RAGE expression and suppression of antitumor immune responses. However, abrogation of the proinflammatory milieu in tumors may also dampen the growth of inflammatory glioma subtypes in the brains of diabetic mice. This dichotomy in glioma growth response to hyperglycemia may partly explain why conflicting epidemiological studies show both an increased risk and a protective effect of Db in patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huili Liu
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Leying Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Shunan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pharmacy School of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Hongwei Holly Yin
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California. .,Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
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Sreejit G, Flynn MC, Patil M, Krishnamurthy P, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. S100 family proteins in inflammation and beyond. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 98:173-231. [PMID: 32564786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The S100 family proteins possess a variety of intracellular and extracellular functions. They interact with multiple receptors and signal transducers to regulate pathways that govern inflammation, cell differentiation, proliferation, energy metabolism, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, cell cytoskeleton and microbial resistance. S100 proteins are also emerging as novel diagnostic markers for identifying and monitoring various diseases. Strategies aimed at targeting S100-mediated signaling pathways hold a great potential in developing novel therapeutics for multiple diseases. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the role of S100 family proteins in health and disease with a major focus on their role in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mallikarjun Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Wang J, Liu J, Sun G, Meng H, Wang J, Guan Y, Yin Y, Zhao Z, Dong X, Yin S, Li H, Cheng Y, Wu H, Wu A, Yu X, Chen L. Glioblastoma extracellular vesicles induce the tumour-promoting transformation of neural stem cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 466:1-12. [PMID: 31521694 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastomas are frequently found near subventricular zone (SVZ) areas of the brain where neural stem cells (NSCs) reside, and glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reported to play important roles in tumour micro-environment, but the details are not clear. Here, we investigated the possibility that NSCs are involved in glioblastoma relapse mediated by glioblastoma-derived EVs. We studied changes to NSCs by adding glioblastoma-derived EVs into a culture system of NSCs, and found that NSCs differentiated into a type of tumour-promoting cell. These transformed cells had distinguished proliferation activity, a high migration rate, and clone-forming ability revealed by CCK-8, wound healing and soft agar clone formation assays, respectively. In vivo assays indicated that these cells could accelerate tumour formation by Ln229 cells in nude mice. Moreover, to explore the mechanisms underlying NSC transformation, single cell transcriptome sequencing was performed; our results suggest that several key genes such as S100B, CXCL14, EFEMP1, SCRG1, GLIPR1, HMGA1 and CD44 and dysregulated signalling may be important for the transformation of NSCs. It is also indicated that NSCs may be involved in glioblastoma recurrence through EV release by glioblastoma in this work. This could help to illuminate the mechanism of glioblastoma relapse, which occurs in a brief period after surgical excision, and contribute to finding new ways to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Eighty-first Army Group of Chinese PLA, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guochen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hengxing Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Department of Cell Biology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiying Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shangjiong Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Eighty-first Army Group of Chinese PLA, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Eighty-first Army Group of Chinese PLA, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, China
| | - Yuefei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Eighty-first Army Group of Chinese PLA, Zhang Jiakou, 075000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Xinguang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Institute of Neurosurgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Eser Ocak P, Ocak U, Tang J, Zhang JH. The role of caveolin-1 in tumors of the brain - functional and clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:423-447. [PMID: 30993541 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is the major structural protein of caveolae, the flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane mainly involved in cell signaling. Today, cav-1 is believed to play a role in a variety of disease processes including cancer, owing to the variations of its expression in association with tumor progression, invasive behavior, metastasis and therapy resistance. Since first detected in the brain, a number of studies has particularly focused on the role of cav-1 in the various steps of brain tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the different roles of cav-1 and its contributions to the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathobiology and natural behavior of brain tumors including glial, non-glial and metastatic subtypes. These contributions could be attributed to its co-localization with important players in tumorigenesis within the lipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane. In that regard, the ability of cav-1 to interact with various cell signaling molecules as well as the impact of caveolae depletion on important pathways acting in brain tumor pathogenesis are noteworthy. We also discuss conversant causes hampering the treatment of malignant glial tumors such as limited transport of chemotherapeutics across the blood tumor barrier and resistance to chemoradiotherapy, by focusing on the molecular fundamentals involving cav-1 participation. CONCLUSIONS Cav-1 has the potential to pivot the molecular basis underlying the pathobiology of brain tumors, particularly the malignant glial subtype. In addition, the regulatory effect of cav-1-dependent and caveola-mediated transcellular transport on the permeability of the blood tumor barrier could be of benefit to overcome the restricted transport across brain barriers when applying chemotherapeutics. The association of cav-1 with tumors of the brain other than malignant gliomas deserves to be underlined, as well given the evidence suggesting its potential in predicting tumor grade and recurrence rates together with determining patient prognosis in oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, vestibular schwannomas and brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Eser Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Umut Ocak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Holst CB, Brøchner CB, Vitting-Seerup K, Møllgård K. Astrogliogenesis in human fetal brain: complex spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns of GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL-40. J Anat 2019; 235:590-615. [PMID: 30901080 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The astroglial lineage consists of heterogeneous cells instrumental for normal brain development, function and repair. Unfortunately, this heterogeneity complicates research in the field, which suffers from lack of truly specific and sensitive astroglial markers. Nevertheless, single astroglial markers are often used to describe astrocytes in different settings. We therefore investigated and compared spatiotemporal patterns of immunoreactivity in developing human brain from 12 to 21 weeks post conception and publicly available RNA expression data for four established and potential astroglial markers - GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL-40. In the hippocampal region, we also screened for C3, a complement component highly expressed in A1-reactive astrocytes. We found diverging partly overlapping patterns of the established astroglial markers GFAP, S100 and AQP4, confirming that none of these markers can fully describe and discriminate different developmental forms and subpopulations of astrocytes in human developing brain, although AQP4 seems to be the most sensitive and specific marker for the astroglial lineage at midgestation. AQP4 characterizes a brain-wide water transport system in cerebral cortex with regional differences in immunoreactivity at midgestation. AQP4 distinguishes a vast proportion of astrocytes and subpopulations of radial glial cells destined for the astroglial lineage, including astrocytes determined for the future glia limitans and apical truncated radial glial cells in ganglionic eminences, devoid of GFAP and S100. YKL-40 and C3d, previously found in reactive astrocytes, stain different subpopulations of astrocytes/astroglial progenitors in developing hippocampus at midgestation and may characterize specific subpopulations of 'developmental astrocytes'. Our results clearly reflect that lack of pan-astrocytic markers necessitates the consideration of time, region, context and aim when choosing appropriate astroglial markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bjørnbak Holst
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Radiation Biology, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Beltoft Brøchner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Vitting-Seerup
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bresnick AR. S100 proteins as therapeutic targets. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1617-1629. [PMID: 30382555 PMCID: PMC6297089 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome codes for 21 S100 protein family members, which exhibit cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Despite sharing a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, the S100 proteins bind a diverse range of protein targets and contribute to a broad array of intracellular and extracellular functions. Consequently, the S100 proteins regulate multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and/or invasion, and differentiation, and play important roles in a variety of cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on the development of S100 neutralizing antibodies and small molecule inhibitors and their potential therapeutic use in controlling disease progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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