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Kaushal JB, Takkar S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Diverse landscape of genetically engineered mouse models: Genomic and molecular insights into prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216954. [PMID: 38735382 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health concern for men worldwide and is particularly prevalent in the United States. It is a complex disease presenting different molecular subtypes and varying degrees of aggressiveness. Transgenic/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) greatly enhanced our understanding of the intricate molecular processes that underlie PCa progression and have offered valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for this disease. The integration of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, along with expression profiling, has played a pivotal role in advancing GEMMs by facilitating the identification of genetic alterations driving PCa development. This review focuses on genetically modified mice classified into the first and second generations of PCa models. We summarize whether models created by manipulating the function of specific genes replicate the consequences of genomic alterations observed in human PCa, including early and later disease stages. We discuss cases where GEMMs did not fully exhibit the expected human PCa phenotypes and possible causes of the failure. Here, we summarize the comprehensive understanding, recent advances, strengths and limitations of the GEMMs in advancing our insights into PCa, offering genetic and molecular perspectives for developing novel GEMM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Simran Takkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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Turpin A, Delliaux C, Parent P, Chevalier H, Escudero-Iriarte C, Bonardi F, Vanpouille N, Flourens A, Querol J, Carnot A, Leroy X, Herranz N, Lanel T, Villers A, Olivier J, Touzet H, de Launoit Y, Tian TV, Duterque-Coquillaud M. Fascin-1 expression is associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer and directly suppressed by androgen receptor. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1903-1914. [PMID: 37875732 PMCID: PMC10703930 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive form of prostate cancer, arising from resistance to androgen-deprivation therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with NEPC development and invasiveness are still poorly understood. Here we investigated the expression and functional significance of Fascin-1 (FSCN1), a pro-metastasis actin-bundling protein associated with poor prognosis of several cancers, in neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. METHODS Differential expression analyses using Genome Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, clinical samples and cell lines were performed. Androgen or antagonist's cellular treatments and knockdown experiments were used to detect changes in cell morphology, molecular markers, migration properties and in vivo tumour growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data and ChIP assays were analysed to decipher androgen receptor (AR) binding. RESULTS We demonstrated that FSCN1 is upregulated during neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer in vitro, leading to phenotypic changes and NEPC marker expression. In human prostate cancer samples, FSCN1 expression is restricted to NEPC tumours. We showed that the androgen-activated AR downregulates FSCN1 expression and works as a transcriptional repressor to directly suppress FSCN1 expression. AR antagonists alleviate this repression. In addition, FSCN1 silencing further impairs in vivo tumour growth. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings identify FSCN1 as an AR-repressed gene. Particularly, it is involved in NEPC aggressiveness. Our results provide the rationale for the future clinical development of FSCN1 inhibitors in NEPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Turpin
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lille University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Carine Delliaux
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Parent
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lille University Hospital, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Hortense Chevalier
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3, rue Frederic Combemale, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Franck Bonardi
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Vanpouille
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne Flourens
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jessica Querol
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurélien Carnot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Oscar Lambret, 3, rue Frederic Combemale, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leroy
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut de Pathologie, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolás Herranz
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tristan Lanel
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut de Pathologie, CHU Lille, Avenue Oscar Lambret, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Arnauld Villers
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Urology, Hospital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Olivier
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
- Department of Urology, Hospital Claude Huriez, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Touzet
- University Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Tian V Tian
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Li M, Ding C, Zhang D, Chen W, Yan Z, Chen Z, Guo Z, Guo L, Huang Y. Distinguishable Colorimetric Biosensor for Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303159. [PMID: 37840414 PMCID: PMC10646272 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) causes severe bone metastasis (BM), which significantly increases mortality in men with PCa. Imaging tests and radiometric scanning require long analysis times, expensive equipment, specialized personnel, and a slow turnaround. New visualization technologies are expected to solve the above problems. Nonetheless, existing visualization techniques barely meet the urgency for precise diagnosis because the human eyes cannot recognize and capture even slight variations in visual information. By using dye differentiated superposition enhancement colorimetric biosensors, an effective method to diagnose prostate cancer bone metastases (PCa-BM) with excellent accuracy for naked-eye quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is developed. The biomarker ALP specific hydrolytic product ascorbic acid can be detected by rhodamine derivatives (Rd) as gold nanobipyramids (Au NBPs) are deposited and grown. Color-recombining enhancement effects between Rd and Au NBPs significantly improved abundance. The 150 U L-1 threshold between normal and abnormal can be identified by color. And with color enhancement effect and double signal response, the ALP index is visually measured to diagnose PCa-BM and provide handy treatment recommendations. Additionally, the proposed colorimetric sensing strategy can be used to diagnose other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Urology & NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University59 Liuting StreetNingboZhejiang315010China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Caiping Ding
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology & NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University59 Liuting StreetNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Zejun Yan
- Department of Urology & NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University59 Liuting StreetNingboZhejiang315010China
| | - Zikang Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsState Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation ScienceSchool of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingboZhejiang315211China
| | - Longhua Guo
- College of BiologicalChemical Sciences and EngineeringJiaxing UniversityJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Youju Huang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouZhejiang311121China
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Wang Q, Chen J, Singh S, Xie Z, Qin F, Shi X, Cornelison R, Li H, Huang H. Profile of chimeric RNAs and TMPRSS2-ERG e2e4 isoform in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:153. [PMID: 36088396 PMCID: PMC9463804 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Specific gene fusions and their fusion products (chimeric RNA and protein) have served as ideal diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cancer. However, few systematic studies for chimeric RNAs have been conducted in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). In this study, we explored the landscape of chimeric RNAs in different types of prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and aimed to identify chimeric RNAs specifically expressed in NEPC. Methods To do so, we employed the RNA-seq data of eight prostate related cell lines from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) for chimeric RNA identification. Multiple filtering criteria were used and the candidate chimeric RNAs were characterized at multiple levels and from various angles. We then performed experimental validation on all 80 candidates, and focused on the ones that are specific to NEPC. Lastly, we studied the clinical relevance and effect of one chimera in neuroendocrine process. Results Out of 80 candidates, 15 were confirmed to be expressed preferentially in NEPC lines. Among them, 13 of the 15 were found to be specifically expressed in NEPC, and four were further validated in another NEPC cell line. Importantly, in silico analysis showed that tumor malignancy may be correlated to the level of these chimeric RNAs. Clinically, the expression of TMPRSS2-ERG (e2e4) was elevated in tumor tissues and indicated poor clinical prognosis, whereas the parental wild type transcripts had no such association. Furthermore, compared to the most frequently detected TMPRSS2-ERG form (e1e4), e2e4 encodes 31 more amino acids and accelerated neuroendocrine process of prostate cancer. Conclusions In summary, these findings painted the landscape of chimeric RNA in NEPC and supported the idea that some chimeric RNAs may represent additional biomarkers and/or treatment targets independent of parental gene transcripts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00893-5.
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Liu AJ, Kosiorek HE, Ueberroth BE, Jaeger E, Ledet E, Kendi AT, Tzou K, Quevedo F, Choo R, Moore CN, Ho TH, Singh P, Keole SR, Wong WW, Sartor O, Bryce AH. The impact of genetic aberrations on response to radium-223 treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Prostate 2022; 82:1202-1209. [PMID: 35652618 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radium (Ra)-223 is an established treatment option for patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have symptomatic bone metastases without soft tissue disease. Studies have indicated genetic aberrations that regulate DNA damage response (DDR) in prostate cancer can increase susceptibility to treatments such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors and platinum-based therapies. This study aims to evaluate mCRPC response to Ra-223 stratified by tumor genomics. METHODS This is a retrospective study of mCRPC patients who received Ra-223 and genetic testing within the Mayo Clinic database (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) and Tulane Cancer Center. Patient demographics, genetic aberrations, treatment responses in terms of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and survival were assessed. Primary end points were ALP and PSA response. Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from time of first radium treatment. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven mCRPC patients treated with Ra-223 had germline and/or somatic genetic sequencing. The median age at time of diagnosis and Ra-223 treatment was 61.0 and 68.6 years, respectively. Seventy-nine (62.2%) had Gleason score ≥ 8 at time of diagnosis. 50.4% received prior docetaxel, and 12.6% received prior cabazitaxel. Notable alterations include TP53 (51.7%), BRCA 1/2 (15.0%), PTEN (13.4%), ATM (11.7%), TMPRSS2-ERG (8.2%), RB deletion (3.4%), and CDK12 (1.9%). There was no significant difference in ALP or PSA response among the different genetic aberrations. Patients with a TMPRSS2-ERG mutation exhibited a trend toward lower OS 15.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0-NR) versus 26.8 months (95% CI 20.9-35.1). Patients with an RB deletion had a lower PFS 6.0 months (95% CI 1.28-NR) versus 9.0 months (95% CI 7.3-11.1) and a lower OS 13.9 months (95% CI 5.2-NR) versus 26.5 months (95% CI 19.8-33.8). CONCLUSIONS Among mCRPC patients treated with Ra-223 at Mayo Clinic and Tulane Cancer Center, we did not find any clear negative predictors of biochemical response or survival to treatment. TMPRSS2-ERG and RB mutations were associated with a worse OS. Prospective studies and larger sample sizes are needed to determine the impact of genetic aberrations in response to Ra-223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Liu
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidi E Kosiorek
- Mayo Clinic Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Ellen Jaeger
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elisa Ledet
- Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ayse T Kendi
- Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Richard Choo
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Thai H Ho
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan H Bryce
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Veronesi F, Contartese D, Martini L, Visani A, Fini M. Speculation on the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal injury with COVID-19 infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:930789. [PMID: 35911401 PMCID: PMC9329661 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.930789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the respiratory tract, but also many other organs and tissues, leading to different pathological pictures, such as those of the musculoskeletal tissues. The present study should be considered as a speculation on the relationship between COVID-19 infection and some frequent musculoskeletal pathologies, in particular sarcopenia, bone loss/osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risk and osteoarthritis (OA), to hypothesize how the virus acts on these pathologies and consequently on the tissue regeneration/healing potential. The study focuses in particular on the modalities of interaction of COVID-19 with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and on the “cytokine storm.” Knowing the effects of COVID-19 on musculoskeletal tissues could be important also to understand if tissue regenerative/reparative capacity is compromised, especially in elderly and frail patients. We speculate that ACE2 and serine proteases together with an intense inflammation, immobilization and malnutrition could be the responsible for muscle weakness, altered bone remodeling, increase in bone fracture risk and inflammatory joint pathologies. Future preclinical and clinical studies may focus on the regenerative/reparative properties of the musculoskeletal tissues after COVID-19 infection, toward a personalized treatment usually based on scaffolds, cells, and growth factors.
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Antagonizing exosomal miR-18a-5p derived from prostate cancer cells ameliorates metastasis-induced osteoblastic lesions by targeting Hist1h2bc and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Guo J, Jiang R, Mao A, Liu GE, Zhan S, Li L, Zhong T, Wang L, Cao J, Chen Y, Zhang G, Zhang H. Genome-wide association study reveals 14 new SNPs and confirms two structural variants highly associated with the horned/polled phenotype in goats. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:769. [PMID: 34706644 PMCID: PMC8555091 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a long-term interest in investigating the genetic basis of the horned/polled phenotype in domestic goats. Here, we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect the genetic loci affecting the polled phenotype in goats. Results We obtained a total of 13,980,209 biallelic SNPs, using the genotyping-by-sequencing data from 45 Jintang Black (JT) goats, which included 32 female and nine male goats, and four individuals with the polled intersex syndrome (PIS). Using a mixed-model based GWAS, we identified two association signals, which were located at 150,334,857–150,817,260 bp (P = 5.15 × 10− 119) and 128,286,704–131,306,537 bp (P = 2.74 × 10− 15) on chromosome 1. The genotype distributions of the 14 most significantly associated SNPs were completely correlated with horn status in goats, based on the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from JT and two other Chinese horned breeds. However, variant annotation suggested that none of the detected SNPs within the associated regions were plausible causal mutations. Via additional read-depth analyses and visual inspections of WGS data, we found a 10.1-kb deletion (CHI1:g. 129424781_129434939del) and a 480-kb duplication (CHI1:150,334,286–150,818,098 bp) encompassing two genes KCNJ15 and ERG in the associated regions of polled and PIS-affected goats. Notably, the 10.1-kb deletion also served as the insertion site for the 480-kb duplication, as validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Our WGS genotyping showed that all horned goats were homozygous for the reference alleles without either the structural variants (SVs), whereas the PIS-affected goats were homozygous for both the SVs. We also demonstrated that horned, polled, and PIS-affected individuals among 333 goats from JT and three other Chinese horned breeds can be accurately classified via PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis of two fragments in both SVs. Conclusion Our results revealed that two genomic regions on chromosome 1 are major loci affecting the polled phenotypes in goats. We provided a diagnostic PCR to accurately classify horned, polled, and PIS-affected goats, which will enable a reliable genetic test for the early-in-life prediction of horn status in goats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08089-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ayi Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, BARC, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Nanjiang Yellow Goat Scientific Research Institute, Bazhong, 635600, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Nanjiang Yellow Goat Scientific Research Institute, Bazhong, 635600, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Cheng J, Zhou J, Fu S, Fu J, Zhou B, Chen H, Fu J, Wei C. Prostate adenocarcinoma and COVID-19: The possible impacts of TMPRSS2 expressions in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4157-4165. [PMID: 33609069 PMCID: PMC8013364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS2 (OMIM: 602060) is a cellular protease involved in many physiological and pathological processes, and it facilitates entry of viruses such as SARS‐CoV‐2 into host cells. It is important to predict the prostate's susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in cancer patients and the disease outcome by assessing TMPRSS2 expression in cancer tissues. In this study, we conducted the expression profiles of the TMPRSS2 gene for COVID‐19 in different normal tissues and PRAD (prostate adenocarcinoma) tumour tissues. TMPRSS2 is highly expressed in normal tissues including the small intestine, prostate, pancreas, salivary gland, colon, stomach, seminal vesicle and lung, and is increased in PRAD tissues, indicating that SARS‐CoV‐2 might attack not only the lungs and other normal organs, but also in PRAD cancer tissues. Hypomethylation of TMPRSS2 promoter may not be the mechanism for TMPRSS2 overexpression in PRAD tissues and PRAD pathogenesis. TMPRSS2 expresses eleven isoforms in PRAD tissues, with the TMPRSS2‐001 isoform expressed highest and followed by TMPRSS2‐201. Further isoform structures prediction showed that these two highly expressed isoforms have both SRCR_2 and Trypsin (Tryp_SPc) domains, which may be essential for TMPRSS2 functional roles for tumorigenesis and entry for SARS‐CoV‐2 in PRAD patients. Analyses of functional annotation and enrichment in TMPRSS2 showed that TMPRSS2 is mostly enriched in regulation of viral entry into host cells, protein processing and serine‐type peptidase activity. TMPRSS2 is also associated with prostate gland cancer cell expression, different complex(es) formation, human influenza and carcinoma, pathways in prostate cancer, influenza A, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Altogether, even though high expression of TMPRSS2 may not be favourable for PRAD patient's survival, increased expression in these patients should play roles in susceptibility of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and clinical severity for COVID‐19, highlighting the value of protective actions of PRAD cases by targeting or androgen‐mediated therapeutic strategies in the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baixu Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanchun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Scaravilli M, Koivukoski S, Latonen L. Androgen-Driven Fusion Genes and Chimeric Transcripts in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:623809. [PMID: 33634124 PMCID: PMC7900491 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are steroid hormones governing the male reproductive development and function. As such, androgens and the key mediator of their effects, androgen receptor (AR), have a leading role in many diseases. Prostate cancer is a major disease where AR and its transcription factor function affect a significant number of patients worldwide. While disease-related AR-driven transcriptional programs are connected to the presence and activity of the receptor itself, also novel modes of transcriptional regulation by androgens are exploited by cancer cells. One of the most intriguing and ingenious mechanisms is to bring previously unconnected genes under the control of AR. Most often this occurs through genetic rearrangements resulting in fusion genes where an androgen-regulated promoter area is combined to a protein-coding area of a previously androgen-unaffected gene. These gene fusions are distinctly frequent in prostate cancer compared to other common solid tumors, a phenomenon still requiring an explanation. Interestingly, also another mode of connecting androgen regulation to a previously unaffected gene product exists via transcriptional read-through mechanisms. Furthermore, androgen regulation of fusion genes and transcripts is not linked to only protein-coding genes. Pseudogenes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can also be affected by androgens and de novo functions produced. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, molecular mechanisms, and functional evidence for androgen-regulated prostate cancer fusion genes and transcripts. We also discuss the clinical relevance of especially the most common prostate cancer fusion gene TMPRSS2-ERG, as well as present open questions of prostate cancer fusions requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Scaravilli
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Koivukoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Clézardin P, Coleman R, Puppo M, Ottewell P, Bonnelye E, Paycha F, Confavreux CB, Holen I. Bone metastasis: mechanisms, therapies, and biomarkers. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:797-855. [PMID: 33356915 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastases are frequent complications of many cancers, causing bone complications (fractures, bone pain, disability) that negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Here, we first discuss the burden of skeletal complications in cancer bone metastasis. We then describe the pathophysiology of bone metastasis. Bone metastasis is a multistage process: long before the development of clinically detectable metastases, circulating tumor cells settle and enter a dormant state in normal vascular and endosteal niches present in the bone marrow, which provide immediate attachment and shelter, and only become active years later as they proliferate and alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, promoting skeletal destruction. The molecular mechanisms involved in mediating each of these steps are described, and we also explain how tumor cells interact with a myriad of interconnected cell populations in the bone marrow, including a rich vascular network, immune cells, adipocytes, and nerves. We discuss metabolic programs that tumor cells could engage with to specifically grow in bone. We also describe the progress and future directions of existing bone-targeted agents and report emerging therapies that have arisen from recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastases. Finally, we discuss the value of bone turnover biomarkers in detection and monitoring of progression and therapeutic effects in patients with bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Coleman
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Ottewell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Paycha
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Cyrille B Confavreux
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Service de Rhumatologie Sud, CEMOS-Centre Expert des Métastases Osseuses, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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12
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Xu C, Luo J, Wang M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Cao Y, Hong Y, Xu X, Yang J. Detection of tmprss2-erg and tmprss2-egr1 gene fusion in prostate cancer from a Chinese population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
TMPRSS2: ETS gene fusion occurs recurrently in a high proportion of prostate cancer (PCa) patients in Western countries. However, for Chinese PCa patients, no solid conclusion could be drawn from the present studies, as the results varied considerably between the limited reports.
Results
In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of such gene rearrangements in a small number of Chinese PCa patients and discovered that 6 out of 27 (22.2%) were found to harbor the TMPRSS2: ERG fusion, the ratio was much lower than that in Western countries. Furthermore, we first identified TMPRSS2: EGR1 gene fusion, suggesting other chromosome rearrangements besides ETS gene family harbor in prostate cancer. The hybrid transcript was predicted to encode a truncated EGR1 protein by ORF finder, which might play a key role in prostate cancer.
Conclusions
We reported that the total occurrence rate of TMPRSS2: ERG fusion gene in this small group of Chinese patients was lower than the reported frequencies in European descent patients but comparable to other reported frequencies in Asian populations. The occurrence of TMPRSS2: EGR1 gene fusion suggested other chromosome rearrangements in prostate cancer.
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13
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Dubuissez M, Paget S, Abdelfettah S, Spruyt N, Dehennaut V, Boulay G, Loison I, de Schutter C, Rood BR, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Leroy X, Leprince D. HIC1 (Hypermethylated in Cancer 1) modulates the contractile activity of prostate stromal fibroblasts and directly regulates CXCL12 expression. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4138-4154. [PMID: 33227080 PMCID: PMC7665237 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIC1 (Hypermethylated In Cancer 1) a tumor suppressor gene located at 17p13.3, is frequently deleted or epigenetically silenced in many human tumors. HIC1 encodes a transcriptional repressor involved in various aspects of the DNA damage response and in complex regulatory loops with P53 and SIRT1. HIC1 expression in normal prostate tissues has not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that detectable HIC1 expression is restricted to the stroma of both normal and tumor prostate tissues. By RT-qPCR, we showed that HIC1 is poorly expressed in all tested prostate epithelial lineage cell types: primary (PrEC), immortalized (RWPE1) or transformed androgen-dependent (LnCAP) or androgen-independent (PC3 and DU145) prostate epithelial cells. By contrast, HIC1 is strongly expressed in primary PrSMC and immortalized (WMPY-1) prostate myofibroblastic cells. HIC1 depletion in WPMY-1 cells induced decreases in α-SMA expression and contractile capability. In addition to SLUG, we identified stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (SDF1/CXCL12) as a new HIC1 direct target-gene. Thus, our results identify HIC1 as a tumor suppressor gene which is poorly expressed in the epithelial cells targeted by the tumorigenic process. HIC1 is expressed in stromal myofibroblasts and regulates CXCL12/SDF1 expression, thereby highlighting a complex interplay mediating the tumor promoting activity of the tumor microenvironment. Our studies provide new insights into the role of HIC1 in normal prostatic epithelial-stromal interactions through direct repression of CXCL12 and new mechanistic clues on how its loss of function through promoter hypermethylation during aging could contribute to prostatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Dubuissez
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,Present Address: Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sonia Paget
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Souhila Abdelfettah
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nathalie Spruyt
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid Loison
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Clementine de Schutter
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Brian R Rood
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leroy
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.,Department of Pathology, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Leprince
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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14
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Li L, Hobson L, Perry L, Clark B, Heavey S, Haider A, Sridhar A, Shaw G, Kelly J, Freeman A, Wilson I, Whitaker H, Nurmemmedov E, Oltean S, Porazinski S, Ladomery M. Targeting the ERG oncogene with splice-switching oligonucleotides as a novel therapeutic strategy in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1024-1032. [PMID: 32581342 PMCID: PMC7493922 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ERG oncogene, a member of the ETS family of transcription factor encoding genes, is a genetic driver of prostate cancer. It is activated through a fusion with the androgen-responsive TMPRSS2 promoter in 50% of cases. There is therefore significant interest in developing novel therapeutic agents that target ERG. We have taken an antisense approach and designed morpholino-based oligonucleotides that target ERG by inducing skipping of its constitutive exon 4. METHODS We designed antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (splice-switching oligonucleotides, SSOs) that target both the 5' and 3' splice sites of ERG's exon 4. We tested their efficacy in terms of inducing exon 4 skipping in two ERG-positive cell lines, VCaP prostate cancer cells and MG63 osteosarcoma cells. We measured their effect on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. We also tested their effect on xenograft tumour growth in mice and on ERG protein expression in a human prostate cancer radical prostatectomy sample ex vivo. RESULTS In VCaP cells, both SSOs were effective at inducing exon 4 skipping, which resulted in a reduction of overall ERG protein levels up to 96 h following a single transfection. SSO-induced ERG reduction decreased cell proliferation, cell migration and significantly increased apoptosis. We observed a concomitant reduction in protein levels for cyclin D1, c-Myc and the Wnt signalling pathway member β-catenin as well as a marker of activated Wnt signalling, p-LRP6. We tested the 3' splice site SSO in MG63 xenografts in mice and observed a reduction in tumour growth. We also demonstrated that the 3' splice site SSO caused a reduction in ERG expression in a patient-derived prostate tumour tissue cultured ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully designed and tested morpholino-based SSOs that cause a marked reduction in ERG expression, resulting in decreased cell proliferation, a reduced migratory phenotype and increased apoptosis. Our initial tests on mouse xenografts and a human prostate cancer radical prostatectomy specimen indicate that SSOs can be effective for oncogene targeting in vivo. As such, this study encourages further in vivo therapeutic studies using SSOs targeting the ERG oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Hobson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Perry
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Bethany Clark
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan Heavey
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aiman Haider
- Department of Pathology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ashwin Sridhar
- Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Greg Shaw
- Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Kelly
- Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Pathology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Hayley Whitaker
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Group, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, USA
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sean Porazinski
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Michael Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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15
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Hong Z, Zhang W, Ding D, Huang Z, Yan Y, Cao W, Pan Y, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Karnes RJ, Wang D, Wu Q, Wu D, Huang H. DNA Damage Promotes TMPRSS2-ERG Oncoprotein Destruction and Prostate Cancer Suppression via Signaling Converged by GSK3β and WEE1. Mol Cell 2020; 79:1008-1023.e4. [PMID: 32871104 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion occurs in approximately 50% of cases of prostate cancer (PCa), and the fusion product is a key driver of prostate oncogenesis. However, how to leverage cellular signaling to ablate TMPRSS2-ERG oncoprotein for PCa treatment remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that DNA damage induces proteasomal degradation of wild-type ERG and TMPRSS2-ERG oncoprotein through ERG threonine-187 and tyrosine-190 phosphorylation mediated by GSK3β and WEE1, respectively. The dual phosphorylation triggers ERG recognition and degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBW7 in a manner independent of a canonical degron. DNA damage-induced TMPRSS2-ERG degradation was abolished by cancer-associated PTEN deletion or GSK3β inactivation. Blockade of DNA damage-induced TMPRSS2-ERG oncoprotein degradation causes chemotherapy-resistant growth of fusion-positive PCa cells in culture and in mice. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized TMPRSS2-ERG protein destruction mechanism and demonstrate that intact PTEN and GSK3β signaling are essential for effective targeting of ERG protein by genotoxic therapeutics in fusion-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Basic Medical College, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Donglin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - William Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Saravut J Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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16
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Borkowetz A, Froehner M, Rauner M, Conrad S, Erdmann K, Mayr T, Datta K, Hofbauer LC, Baretton GB, Wirth M, Fuessel S, Toma M, Muders MH. Neuropilin‐2 is an independent prognostic factor for shorter cancer‐specific survival in patients with acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2619-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Stefanie Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Kaustubh Datta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Marietta Toma
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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17
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Gao Y, Bado I, Wang H, Zhang W, Rosen JM, Zhang XHF. Metastasis Organotropism: Redefining the Congenial Soil. Dev Cell 2019; 49:375-391. [PMID: 31063756 PMCID: PMC6506189 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the most devastating stage of cancer progression and causes the majority of cancer-related deaths. Clinical observations suggest that most cancers metastasize to specific organs, a process known as "organotropism." Elucidating the underlying mechanisms may help identify targets and treatment strategies to benefit patients. This review summarizes recent findings on tumor-intrinsic properties and their interaction with unique features of host organs, which together determine organ-specific metastatic behaviors. Emerging insights related to the roles of metabolic changes, the immune landscapes of target organs, and variation in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions open avenues for future studies of metastasis organotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Vargas G, Bouchet M, Bouazza L, Reboul P, Boyault C, Gervais M, Kan C, Benetollo C, Brevet M, Croset M, Mazel M, Cayrefourcq L, Geraci S, Vacher S, Pantano F, Filipits M, Driouch K, Bieche I, Gnant M, Jacot W, Aubin JE, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Alix-Panabières C, Clézardin P, Bonnelye E. ERRα promotes breast cancer cell dissemination to bone by increasing RANK expression in primary breast tumors. Oncogene 2019; 38:950-964. [PMID: 30478447 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is the most common metastatic site for breast cancer. Estrogen-related-receptor alpha (ERRα) has been implicated in cancer cell invasiveness. Here, we established that ERRα promotes spontaneous metastatic dissemination of breast cancer cells from primary mammary tumors to the skeleton. We carried out cohort studies, pharmacological inhibition, gain-of-function analyses in vivo and cellular and molecular studies in vitro to identify new biomarkers in breast cancer metastases. Meta-analysis of human primary breast tumors revealed that high ERRα expression levels were associated with bone but not lung metastases. ERRα expression was also detected in circulating tumor cells from metastatic breast cancer patients. ERRα overexpression in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells promoted spontaneous bone micro-metastases formation when tumor cells were inoculated orthotopically, whereas lung metastases occurred irrespective of ERRα expression level. In vivo, Rank was identified as a target for ERRα. That was confirmed in vitro in Rankl stimulated tumor cell invasion, in mTOR/pS6K phosphorylation, by transactivation assay, ChIP and bioinformatics analyses. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of ERRα reduced primary tumor growth, bone micro-metastases formation and Rank expression in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic studies and meta-analysis confirmed a positive association between metastases and ERRα/RANK in breast cancer patients and also revealed a positive correlation between ERRα and BRCA1mut carriers. Taken together, our results reveal a novel ERRα/RANK axis by which ERRα in primary breast cancer promotes early dissemination of cancer cells to bone. These findings suggest that ERRα may be a useful therapeutic target to prevent bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vargas
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - M Bouchet
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
- IGFL, Lyon, France
| | - L Bouazza
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - P Reboul
- UMR7365-CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - C Boyault
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - M Gervais
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - C Kan
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Benetollo
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
- INSERM-U1028-CNRS-UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | - M Brevet
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Bron, France
| | - M Croset
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - M Mazel
- EA2415-Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - L Cayrefourcq
- EA2415-Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - S Geraci
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - S Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut-Curie, Paris, France
| | - F Pantano
- University-Campus-Bio-Medico, Rome, 00128, Italy
| | - M Filipits
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical-University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Driouch
- Department of Genetics, Institut-Curie, Paris, France
| | - I Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Institut-Curie, Paris, France
| | - M Gnant
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical-University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Jacot
- Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - J E Aubin
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - C Alix-Panabières
- EA2415-Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - P Clézardin
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - E Bonnelye
- INSERM-UMR1033, Lyon, France.
- University of Lyon1, Lyon, France.
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19
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Quiroz-Munoz M, Izadmehr S, Arumugam D, Wong B, Kirschenbaum A, Levine AC. Mechanisms of Osteoblastic Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer: Role of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:655-664. [PMID: 30842989 PMCID: PMC6397422 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) preferentially metastasizes to bone, leading to complications including severe pain, fractures, spinal cord compression, bone marrow suppression, and a mortality of ∼70%. In spite of recent advances in chemo-, hormonal, and radiation therapies, bone-metastatic, castrate-resistant PCa is incurable. PCa is somewhat unique among the solid tumors in its tendency to produce osteoblastic lesions composed of hypermineralized bone with multiple layers of poorly organized type I collagen fibrils that have reduced mechanical strength. Many of the signaling pathways that control normal bone homeostasis are at play in pathologic PCa bone metastases, including the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin system. A number of PCa-derived soluble factors have been shown to induce the dysfunctional osteoblastic phenotype. However, therapies directed at these osteoblastic-stimulating proteins have yielded disappointing clinical results to date. One of the soluble factors expressed by PCa cells, particularly in bone metastases, is prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). Human PAP is a prostate epithelium-specific secretory protein that was the first tumor marker ever described. Biologically, PAP exhibits both phosphatase activity and ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity, generating extracellular phosphate and adenosine as the final products. Accumulating evidence indicates that PAP plays a causal role in the osteoblastic phenotype and aberrant bone mineralization seen in bone-metastatic, castrate-resistant PCa. Targeting PAP may represent a therapeutic approach to improve morbidity and mortality from PCa osteoblastic bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Quiroz-Munoz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dushyanthy Arumugam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Beatrice Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Alice C Levine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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