1
|
Muñoz S, Blanco-Romero E, González-Acosta D, Rodriguez-Acebes S, Megías D, Lopes M, Méndez J. RAD51 restricts DNA over-replication from re-activated origins. EMBO J 2024; 43:1043-1064. [PMID: 38360996 PMCID: PMC10942984 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on several mechanisms to ensure that the genome is duplicated precisely once in each cell division cycle, preventing DNA over-replication and genomic instability. Most of these mechanisms limit the activity of origin licensing proteins to prevent the reactivation of origins that have already been used. Here, we have investigated whether additional controls restrict the extension of re-replicated DNA in the event of origin re-activation. In a genetic screening in cells forced to re-activate origins, we found that re-replication is limited by RAD51 and enhanced by FBH1, a RAD51 antagonist. In the presence of chromatin-bound RAD51, forks stemming from re-fired origins are slowed down, leading to frequent events of fork reversal. Eventual re-initiation of DNA synthesis mediated by PRIMPOL creates ssDNA gaps that facilitate the partial elimination of re-duplicated DNA by MRE11 exonuclease. In the absence of RAD51, these controls are abrogated and re-replication forks progress much longer than in normal conditions. Our study uncovers a safeguard mechanism to protect genome stability in the event of origin reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Muñoz
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Romero
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Acosta
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Acebes
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, Central Core Facilities, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Méndez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Hu H, He J, Hu Y, Liu M, Cao B, Chen D, Ye X, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Long W, Lian H, Chen D, Chen L, Yang L, Zhang Z. Effective sequential combined therapy with carboplatin and a CDC7 inhibitor in ovarian cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101825. [PMID: 37992591 PMCID: PMC10687335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enhancement of DNA damage repair is one of the important mechanisms of platinum resistance. Protein cell division cycle 7 (CDC7) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the initiation of DNA replication and is associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. However, whether the CDC7 inhibitor XL413 has antitumor activity against ovarian cancer and its relationship with chemosensitivity remain poorly elucidated. METHODS We evaluated the antitumor effects of carboplatin combined with XL413 for ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability inhibition, colony formation and apoptosis were assessed. The molecules related to DNA repair and damage were investigated. The antitumor effects of carboplatin combined with XL413 were also evaluated in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 xenografts in subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumor models. RESULTS Sequential administration of XL413 after carboplatin (CBP) prevented cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis in ovarian cancer (OC) cells. Compared with the CBP group, the expression level of RAD51 was significantly decreased and the expression level of γH2AX was significantly increased in the sequential combination treatment group. The equential combination treatment could significantly inhibit tumor growth in the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumor models, with the expression of RAD51 and Ki67 significantly decreased and the expression of γH2AX increased. CONCLUSIONS Sequential administration of CDC7 inhibitor XL413 after carboplatin can enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of carboplatin on ovarian cancer cells. The mechanism may be that CDC7 inhibitor XL413 increases the accumulation of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage by inhibiting homologous recombination repair activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junping Li
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Radiology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Jinping He
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yuling Hu
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Manting Liu
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Bihui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Dongni Chen
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaodie Ye
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhiru Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wen Long
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Deji Chen
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510200, China.
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Medicine Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nano-Biomedical Technology for Diagnosis and Therapy & Guangdong Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immunoregulation Tumour Microenvironment, Central Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong L, Jiang H, Kang Z, Guan M. Biomarkers for chemotherapy and drug resistance in the mismatch repair pathway. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 544:117338. [PMID: 37060988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Drugs targeting DNA repair have developed rapidly in cancer therapy, and numerous inhibitors have already been utilized in preclinical and clinical stages. To optimize the selection of patients for treatment, it is essential to discover biomarkers to anticipate chemotherapy response. The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway is closely correlated with cancer susceptibility and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancers. Here, we give a concise introduction of the MMR genes and focus on the potential biomarkers of chemotherapeutic response and resistance. It has been clarified that the status of MMR may affect the outcome of chemotherapy. However, the specific underlying mechanisms as well as contradictory results continue to raise considerable controversy and concern. In this review, we summarize the current literature to provide a general overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Genome-wide CRISPR screen identified Rad18 as a determinant of doxorubicin sensitivity in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:154. [PMID: 35459258 PMCID: PMC9034549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor mostly occurring in children and adolescents, while chemotherapy resistance often develops and the mechanisms involved remain challenging to be fully investigated. Methods Genome-wide CRISPR screening combined with transcriptomic sequencing were used to identify the critical genes of doxorubicin resistance. Analysis of clinical samples and datasets, and in vitro and in vivo experiments (including CCK-8, apoptosis, western blot, qRT-PCR and mouse models) were applied to confirm the function of these genes. The bioinformatics and IP-MS assays were utilized to further verify the downstream pathway. RGD peptide-directed and exosome-delivered siRNA were developed for the novel therapy strategy. Results We identified that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rad18 (Rad18) contributed to doxorubicin-resistance in OS. Further exploration revealed that Rad18 interact with meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11) to promote the formation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, facilitating the activation of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, which ultimately mediated DNA damage tolerance and leaded to a poor prognosis and chemotherapy response in patients with OS. Rad18-knockout effectively restored the chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo. Also, RGD-exosome loading chemically modified siRad18 combined with doxorubicin, where exosome and chemical modification guaranteed the stability of siRad18 and the RGD peptide provided prominent targetability, had significantly improved antitumor activity of doxorubicin. Conclusions Collectively, our study identifies Rad18 as a driver of OS doxorubicin resistance that promotes the HR pathway and indicates that targeting Rad18 is an effective approach to overcome chemotherapy resistance in OS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02344-y.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Quan Y, Bai Y, Yang L, Yang Y. The effect and apoptosis mechanism of 6-methoxyflavone in HeLa cells. Biomarkers 2022; 27:470-482. [PMID: 35400257 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2062448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor cell apoptosis is a crucial indicator for judging the antiproliferative effects of anti-cancer drugs. The detection of optical and macromolecular biomarkers is the most common method for assessing the level of apoptosis. We aimed to explore the anti-tumor mechanisms of 6-methoxyflavone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three optical methods, including the percentage of apoptotic cells, cell morphology, and subcellular ultrastructure changes, were obtained using flow cytometry, inverted fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscope imaging. The mRNA or protein expression of macromolecular biomarkers related to common apoptotic pathways was determined via polymerase chain reactions or western blot assays. The functional role of the core gene biomarker was investigated through overexpression, knockdown, and phosphorylation inhibitor (GSK2656157). RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing and the optical biomarkers assays demonstrated that 6-methoxyflavone could induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. The expression of macromolecular biomarkers indicated that 6-methoxyflavone induced apoptosis through the PERK/EIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Phosphorylated PERK was identified as the core biomarker of this pathway. Both overexpression and GSK2656157 significantly altered the expression level of phosphorylated PERK in 6-methoxyflavone-treated HeLa cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Macromolecular biomarkers such as phosphorylated PERK and phosphorylated EIF2α are of great significance for assessing the therapeutic effects of 6-methoxyflavone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaihong Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuchong Quan
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yingying Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|