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Jaksic N, Modesto A, Meillan N, Bordron A, Michalet M, Riou O, Lisbona A, Huguet F. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases in oligometastatic disease. Cancer Radiother 2024; 28:75-82. [PMID: 37865603 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Oligometastatic cancers designate cancers in which the number of metastases is less than five, corresponding to a particular biological entity whose prognosis is situated between a localized and metastatic disease. The liver is one of the main sites of metastases. When patients are not suitable for surgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy provides high local control rate, although these data come mainly from retrospective studies, with no phase III study results. The need for a high therapeutic dose (biologically effective dose greater than 100Gy) while respecting the constraints on the organs at risk, and the management of respiratory movements require expertise and sufficient technical prerequisites. The emergence of new techniques such as MRI-guided radiotherapy could further increase the effectiveness of stereotactic radiotherapy of liver metastases, and thus improve the prognosis of these oligometastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jaksic
- Institut de cancérologie et radiothérapie Brétillien, 35400 Saint-Malo, France.
| | - A Modesto
- Département de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - N Meillan
- Département de radiothérapie, centre hospitalier d'Argenteuil, 95107 Argenteuil, France
| | - A Bordron
- Département de radiothérapie, centre hospitalier universitaire de Brest, 29200 Brest, France
| | - M Michalet
- Département de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - O Riou
- Département de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A Lisbona
- Département de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - F Huguet
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, hôpital Tenon, hôpitaux universitaires Est Parisien, Sorbonne université, 75020 Paris, France
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Abstract
Dose constraints are essential for performing dosimetry, especially for intensity modulation and for radiotherapy under stereotaxic conditions. We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy for the use of these doses in classical current practice but also for reirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Noël
- Département de radiothérapie-oncologie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, BP 23025, 67033 Strasbourg, France.
| | - D Antoni
- Département de radiothérapie-oncologie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, BP 23025, 67033 Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
We present the update of the recommendations of the French society of oncological radiotherapy on hepatic tumours. Recent technological progress led to develop the concept of focused liver radiation therapy. We must distinguish primary and secondary tumours, as the indications are restricted and must be discussed as an alternative to surgical or medical treatments. The tumour volume, its liver location close to the organs at risk determine the irradiation technique (repositioning method, total dose delivered, dose fractionation regimens). Tumour (and liver) breathing related motions should be taken into account. Strict dosimetric criteria must be observed with particular attention to the dose-volume histograms of non-tumoral liver as well as of the hollow organs, particularly in case of hypofractionated high dose radiotherapy "under stereotaxic conditions". Stereotactic body radiotherapy is being evaluated and is often preferred to radiofrequency for primary or secondary tumours (usually less than 5cm). An adaptation can be proposed, with a conformal fractionated irradiation protocol with or without intensity modulation, for hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rio
- Service de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - F Mornex
- Département de radiothérapie-oncologie, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - P Maingon
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, groupe hospitalier La Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne université, AP-HP, 47/83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - D Peiffert
- Service de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine Alexis-Vautrin, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - L Parent
- Département d'ingénierie et de physique médicale, institut Claudius-Regaud (ICR), institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O), 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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Cantaloube M, Castan F, Creoff M, Prunaretty J, Bordeau K, Michalet M, Assenat E, Guiu B, Pageaux GP, Ychou M, Aillères N, Fenoglietto P, Azria D, Riou O. Image-Guided Liver Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Using VMAT and Real-Time Adaptive Tumor Gating: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Toxicity for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194853. [PMID: 34638336 PMCID: PMC8507769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, it is a therapeutic option often considered in patients not eligible to or recurring after other local therapies. Liver SBRT can be delivered using a wide range of techniques and linear accelerators. We report the first evaluation for HCC of SBRT using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and real-time adaptive tumor gating, which is a mainly completely non-invasive procedure (no fiducial markers for 65.2% of the patients). Our study showed that this SBRT technique has very favorable outcomes with optimal local control and a low toxicity rate. Abstract Liver SBRT is a therapeutic option for the treatment of HCC in patients not eligible for other local therapies. We retrospectively report the outcomes of a cohort of consecutive patients treated with SBRT for HCC at the Montpellier Cancer Institute. Between March 2013 and December 2018, 66 patients were treated with image-guided liver SBRT using VMAT and real-time adaptive tumor gating in our institute. The main endpoints considered in this study were local control, disease-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity. The median follow-up was 16.8 months. About 66.7% had prior liver treatment. Most patients received 50 Gy in five fractions of 10 Gy. No patient had local recurrence. Overall survival and disease-free survival were, respectively, 83.9% and 46.7% at one year. In multivariate analysis, the diameter of the lesions was a significant prognostic factor associated with disease-free survival (HR = 2.57 (1.19–5.53) p = 0.02). Regarding overall survival, the volume of PTV was associated with lower overall survival (HR = 2.84 (1.14–7.08) p = 0.025). No grade 3 toxicity was observed. One patient developed a grade 4 gastric ulcer, despite the dose constraints being respected. Image-guided liver SBRT with VMAT is an effective and safe treatment in patients with inoperable HCC, even in heavily pre-treated patients. Further prospective evaluation will help to clarify the role of SBRT in the management of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cantaloube
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Florence Castan
- Biometrics Unit ICM, Montpellier Cancer Institute, University Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Morgane Creoff
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
- Oncodoc, 34500 Béziers, France
| | - Jessica Prunaretty
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Karl Bordeau
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Morgan Michalet
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Eric Assenat
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, CHU St Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Boris Guiu
- Imagerie Médicale St Eloi, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Marc Ychou
- Medical Oncology Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Norbert Aillères
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Pascal Fenoglietto
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - David Azria
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Olivier Riou
- Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University Federation of Radiation Oncology of Mediterranean Occitanie, Montpellier University, INSERM U1194 IRCM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.C.); (J.P.); (K.B.); (M.M.); (N.A.); (P.F.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Py JF, Salleron J, Courrech F, Beckendorf V, Croisé-Laurent V, Peiffert D, Vogin G, Dietmann AS. Long-term outcome of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for patient with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:350-357. [PMID: 33618909 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate clinical outcome and predicting factors of local failures in patients with colorectal cancer treated for unresectable liver metastases with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS We restrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients treated with the Cyberknife SBRT system for 99 hepatic metastases between January 2007 and December 2015 in our center. In total, 37.5 to 54.0Gy in 3 to 5 fractions were prescribed to the 80% isodose line. Local control (LC), intrahepatic progression incidence, Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS) and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS The median follow-up was 47 months (IQR, 28-59 months). The median OS was 53 months, the 2-year OS and PFS rates were 81.4% and 54.0%. The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 86.6% and 72.4%. In the multivariate analysis, the degree of differentiation was the only prognostic factor for LC (HR 0.31, 95% CI, 0.10-0.98, P=0.046). Margin expansion>5mm was not associated with a better LC (HR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.38-1.37, P=0.317). Performans Status≥2 (HR 3.27, 95% CI, 1.07-9.98, P=0.038), chemotherapy for metastases before SBRT (HR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.18-0.75, P=0.006) and regional lymph node at diagnosis (HR 2.19, 95% CI, 1.09-4.43, P=0.029) were independent prognostic factors for OS. We report 2 cases of grade≥3 toxicity (3.0%) - one grade 3 acute nausea and one grade 3 late gastric ulcer. CONCLUSION Stereotactic body radiation therapy is an effective and well-tolerated treatment that allow high LC for liver metastases from colorectal cancer during the first two years. A prescription dose of 45Gy in 3 fractions to the 80% isodose line with a risk adapted schedule to respect Organ At Risk constraints allows a low rate of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Py
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - J Salleron
- Département de biostatistique et data management, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - F Courrech
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - V Beckendorf
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - V Croisé-Laurent
- Département de radiologie, CHU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - D Peiffert
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - G Vogin
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - A S Dietmann
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
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Scher N, Janoray G, Riet FG, Le Bayon AG, Debbi K, Lévy S, Louisot P, Garaud P, Chajon E, Barillot I, Salamé É, de Crevoisier R, Chapet S, Calais G. [Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from a retrospective multicentre study]. Cancer Radiother 2019; 23:104-115. [PMID: 30952560 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to describe local control, overall survival, progression-free survival and toxicity of CyberKnife®-based stereotactic body radiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Records of all the patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma at the Eugene-Marquis cancer centre, Rennes and the Bretonneau hospital, Tours (France), between November 2010 and December 2016, were reviewed. Radiation therapy was performed as a salvage treatment, while awaiting liver transplantation or if no other treatment was possible. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-six patients were consecutively included in the study. The median follow-up was 13months. Median total dose prescribed, fractionation and overall treatment time were respectively 45Gy, three fractions and 5 days. Overall survival, progression-free survival and local control rates at 1year and 2years were 79.8 % and 63.5 %, 61.3 % and 39.4 %; 94.5 % and 91 %. Two grade 3 acute toxicity events and two grade 4 late toxicity events corresponding to a duodenal ulcer have been reported. Seven patients underwent classic radiation-induced hepatitis and 13 patients showed non-classical radiation-induced hepatitis. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, World Health Organisation grade and planning target volume were correlated with overall survival in univariate Cox analysis. CONCLUSION Stereotactic body radiation therapy is effective and well-tolerated for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma or as a bridge to liver transplantation. Toxicity is mainly related to cirrhotic background and requires a selection of patients and strict dose constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Scher
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - G Janoray
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - F-G Riet
- Département de radiothérapie, centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène-Marquis, avenue de la Bataille-Flandres-Dunkerque, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - A-G Le Bayon
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - K Debbi
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - S Lévy
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - P Louisot
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - P Garaud
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - E Chajon
- Département de radiothérapie, centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène-Marquis, avenue de la Bataille-Flandres-Dunkerque, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - I Barillot
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - É Salamé
- Département de chirurgie digestive, oncologique et transplantation hépatique, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - R de Crevoisier
- Département de radiothérapie, centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène-Marquis, avenue de la Bataille-Flandres-Dunkerque, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - S Chapet
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - G Calais
- Centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
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Lee J, Yoon WS, Koom WS, Rim CH. Efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy for unresectable or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 195:93-102. [PMID: 30206644 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-surgical treatment including stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) have been used practically as alternative modalities for unresectable or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma (CC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy of SBRT for such patients. METHODS Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane library databases were searched systematically until October 2017. Primary endpoint was 1‑year local control (LC) rate; 1‑year overall survival (OS), response rates, and grade ≥3 toxicities were assessed as secondary endpoints. RESULTS Eleven studies (226 patients) were included. The prescribed median SBRT dose was 45 (range 30-55) Gy in 3-5 fractions. The pooled 1‑year LC rate was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 69.4-89.9%) in the studies using an equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2) ≥71.3 Gy2 and 74.7% (95% CI 57.1-86.7%) in the studies using an EQD2 <71.3 Gy2. The median OS was 13.6 (range 10-35.5) months. The pooled 1‑year OS rate was 53.8% (95% CI 44.9-62.5%) and the pooled 1‑year LC rate was 78.6% (95% CI 69.0-85.8%). Most common toxicity was duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer in available studies, with the acute incidence of grade ≥3 of less than 10% and the late incidence of 10-20%. CONCLUSIONS SBRT was a feasible treatment option with respect to achieving a high LC for unresectable or recurrent CC. Gastrointestinal toxicity is acceptable, but remains an obstacle related to dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongshim Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Won Sup Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, 15355, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Woong Sub Koom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, 15355, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea (Republic of).
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Dutta D, Krishnamoorthy S, Sudahar H, Muthukumaran M, Ramkumar T, Govindraj J. Robotic radiosurgery treatment in liver tumors: Early experience from an Indian center. South Asian J Cancer 2018; 7:175-182. [PMID: 30112334 PMCID: PMC6069331 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_19_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report CyberKnife experience in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastasis (LM). Materials and Methods: Fifty liver lesions in 31 consecutive patients with liver lesion [mean age 54.5 years (range 32-81 years), 77% were male patient, GTV <10cc in 5 patients, 11-90cc in 18 & >90cc in 8 patients respectively. Eighty percentage (25/31) had prior treatment (chemotherapy 18 patient & TACE in 7 patients). Dosage schedule was 21-45Gy/3# (mean PTV dose 33Gy, Prescription isodose 84%, target coverage 94%). Mean CI, nCI & HI were 1.19, 1.31 & 1.18 respectively. Mean liver dose was 5.4 Gy, 800 cc liver dose 11.1 Gy; Results: At mean follow-up of 12.5 months (range 1.9–44.6 months), 19 patients were expired and 12 were alive (nine patient with stable disease, two local progression, and one with metastasis). Median overall survival (OS) of all patients are 9 months (1.9–44.6 months), in HCC patients 10.5 months (2.1–44.6 months) and MT 6.5 months (1.9–24.6 months) respectively. Gr-I-II GI toxicities were in 11/50 (22%) patients. OS was influenced by PS (Karnofsky Performance Status 70–80 vs. 90–100: 9.9 vs. 16.4; P = 0.024), Child-Pugh (CP A/B vs. C: 23.6 vs. 6.5; P = 0.069), cirrhosis (only fatty liver vs. diffuse cirrhosis: 17.8 vs. 10.6; P = 0.003), prior treatment (no Rx vs. prior Rx: 30.1 vs. 8.2; P = 0.08), number of lesions (single vs. multiple: 16.4 vs. 6.9; P = 0.001), and target volume (<10 cc vs. >90 cc: 24.6 vs. 11.2; P = 0.03). Conclusion: Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a safe and effective treatment. Patient related factors such as performance status, Child-Pugh classification, cirrhosis status, prior treatment, number of liver lesion & target volume (GTV) influence the survival functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debnarayan Dutta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - H Sudahar
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Muthukumaran
- Department of Medical Physics, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Ramkumar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayraj Govindraj
- Department of Radiology, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Debbi K, Janoray G, Scher N, Deutsch É, Mornex F. [Doses to organs at risk in conformational and stereotactic body radiation therapy: Liver]. Cancer Radiother 2017; 21:604-612. [PMID: 28893525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential organ that ensures many vital functions such as metabolism of bilirubin, glucose, lipids, synthesis of coagulation factors, destruction of many toxins, etc. The hepatic parenchyma can be irradiated during the management of digestive tumors, right basithoracic, esophagus, abdomen in toto or TBI. In addition, radiotherapy of the hepatic area, which is mainly stereotactic, now occupies a central place in the management of primary or secondary hepatic tumors. Irradiation of the whole liver, or part of it, may be complicated by radiation-induced hepatitis. It is therefore necessary to respect strict dosimetric constraints both in stereotactic and in conformational irradiation in order to limit the undesired irradiation of the hepatic parenchyma which may vary according to the treatment techniques, the basic hepatic function or the lesion size. The liver is an organ with a parallel architecture, so the average tolerable dose in the whole liver should be considered rather than the maximum tolerable dose at one point. The purpose of this article is to propose a development of dose recommendations during conformation or stereotactic radiotherapy of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Debbi
- Clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France.
| | - G Janoray
- Clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - N Scher
- Clinique d'oncologie radiothérapie, centre Henry-S.-Kaplan, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - É Deutsch
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - F Mornex
- Département de radiothérapie oncologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard-Lyon-1, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
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5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy in Neurosurgery, Towards the Design of a Treatment Planning System: A Proof of Concept. Ing Rech Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Recent technological developments led to develop the concept of focused liver radiation therapy. We must distinguish primary and secondary tumors as the indications are restricted and must be discussed as an alternative to surgical or medical treatments. For hepatocellular carcinoma 5 to 10cm (or more), a conformational radiation with or without intensity modulation is performed. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is being evaluated and is increasingly proposed as an alternative to radiofrequency ablative treatment for primary or secondary tumors (typically less than 5cm). Tumor (and liver) movements induced by respiratory motions must be taken into account. Strict dosimetric criteria must be met with particular attention to the dose-volume histograms to liver and the hollow organs, including cases of SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rio
- Service de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - F Mornex
- Département de radiothérapie-oncologie, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - D Peiffert
- Service de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine Alexis-Vautrin, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - A Huertas
- Service de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de Lorraine Alexis-Vautrin, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Schoenberg M, Khandoga A, Stintzing S, Trumm C, Schiergens TS, Angele M, Op den Winkel M, Werner J, Muacevic A, Rentsch M. CyberKnife Radiosurgery - Value as an Adjunct to Surgical Treatment of HCC? Cureus 2016; 8:e591. [PMID: 27284498 PMCID: PMC4889454 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CyberKnife radiosurgery (CK) is an effective tool for the treatment of malignancies. Its greatest potential is in high-dose radiosurgery delivered to targets in organs that move with respiration, e.g., liver tumors. For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, surgical treatment (resection, transplantation) is most likely to produce long-term survival; for non-resectable tumors, therapies other than radiosurgery are typically recommended. This study evaluated the long-lasting anti-tumor effects of CK combined with surgery in patients with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Eighteen patients (three women, 15 men) were included in this prospective observational study. They received 21 single-fraction CK treatments (26 Gy). Patient characteristics, treatment effects, tumor response (according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) grading) and survival were measured for a median period of 29 months. RESULTS Local tumor control was achieved in 15 patients, with complete and partial remission observed in 10 and five patients, respectively. One patient was treated for two separate lesions in one session, and one received three treatments each separated by two-year intervals; both patients are tumor-free. Two patients showed minimal response, and in one patient local tumor viability could not be excluded by MRI. Nine patients had HCC recurrence, all distant to the treated site. Nine patients died during follow-up, including two with clear relation to tumor progress. Tumor-free survival was 79.4% after one year and 29.8% after three years, and the corresponding overall survival was 84.8% and 66%. CONCLUSION : This study shows the high effectiveness of single-session frameless CyberKnife radiosurgery for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and reconfirms previous results of fractioned radiotherapy of HCC. It also demonstrates the potential of radiosurgery to be combined with surgical concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schoenberg
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jens Werner
- Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
| | | | - Markus Rentsch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich
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Jacob R, Saddekni S, Dover L, DuBay DA. Successful hepatocellular carcinoma downstaging with transarterial chemoembolization followed by stereotactic radiotherapy. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:547-51. [PMID: 26785388 PMCID: PMC4809754 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham
| | - S Saddekni
- Department of Radiology-Interventional Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham
| | - L Dover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham
| | - DA DuBay
- Department of Surgery-Transplantation, University of Alabama Birmingham
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Jarraya H, Borde P, Mirabel X, Ernst O, Boulanger T, Lartigau E, Ceugnart L, Kramar A, Taieb S. Lobulated enhancement evaluation in the follow-up of liver metastases treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:292-8. [PMID: 25968825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) can have limitations when used to evaluate local treatments for cancer, especially for liver malignancies treated by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The aim of this study was to validate the relationship between the occurrence of lobulated enhancement (LE) and local relapse and to evaluate the utility of this relationship for predicting local progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Imaging data of 59 lesions in 46 patients, including 281 computed tomographic (CT) scans, were retrospectively and blindly reviewed by 3 radiologists. One radiologist measured the lesion size, for each CT and overall, to classify responses using RECIST threshold criteria. The second studied LE occurrence. A third radiologist was later included and studied LE occurrence to evaluate the interobserver consistency for LE evaluation. RESULTS The mean duration of follow-up was 13.6 months. LE was observed in 16 of 18 progressive lesions, occurring before size-based progression in 50% of cases, and the median delay of LE detection was 3.2 months. The sensitivity of LE to predict progression was 89%, and its specificity was 100%. The positive predictive value was 100%, the negative predictive value was 95.3%, and the overall accuracy was 97%. The probability of local progression-free survival at 12 months was significantly higher for lesions without LE compared with all lesions: 0.80 (CI 95%: 0.65-0.89) versus 0.69 (CI 95%: 0.54-0.80), respectively. The overall concordance rate between the 2 readers of LE was 97.9%. CONCLUSION Response assessment of liver metastases treated by SBRT can be improved by including LE. This study demonstrates the diagnostic and predictive utility of LE for assessing local progression at a size still eligible for local salvage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Jarraya
- Department of Radiology, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France.
| | - Paul Borde
- Department of Radiology, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Mirabel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Ernst
- Department of Body Imaging, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Boulanger
- Department of Radiology, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Luc Ceugnart
- Department of Radiology, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Andrew Kramar
- Statistical Unit, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Taieb
- Department of Radiology, Oscar Lambret Oncologic Center, Lille, France
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15
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Jacob J, Nguyen F, Deutsch E, Mornex F. [Stereotactic body radiation therapy in the management of liver tumours]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:486-94. [PMID: 25195113 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereotactic radiotherapy is a high-precision technique based on the administration of high doses to a limited target volume. This treatment constitutes a therapeutic progress in the management of many tumours, especially hepatic ones. If surgery remains the standard local therapy, stereotactic radiotherapy is first dedicated to inoperable patients or unresectable tumours. Patients with moderately altered general status, preserved liver function and tumour lesions limited in number as in size are eligible to this technique. Results in terms of local control are satisfying, regarding primary tumours (notably hepatocellular carcinomas) as metastases stemming from various origins. If treatment protocols and follow-up modalities are not standardized to this day, iconographic acquisition using four-dimensional computed tomography, target volumes delineation based on morphological and/or metabolic data, and image-guided radiotherapy contribute to an oncologic efficacy and an improved sparing of the functional liver. The purpose of this literature review is to report the results of the main works having assessed stereotactic radiotherapy in the management of primary and secondary liver tumours. Technical particularities of this radiation modality will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, hôpital d'instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce, 74, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - F Nguyen
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - E Deutsch
- Département de radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif cedex, France
| | - F Mornex
- Service de radiothérapie-oncologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
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Ge Y, Liu J, Yang X, Zhu H, Yang B, Zhao K, Wu Z, Cheng G, Wang F, Ni F, Ge Q, Yang Y, Tai G, Sun X, Cai J. Fenofibrate enhances radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10765-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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17
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Appareillage et technologies de repositionnement en radiothérapie stéréotaxique extracrânienne. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumours. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Janoray G, Chapet S, Ruffier-Loubière A, Bernadou G, Pointreau Y, Calais G. Robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for tumors of the liver: radiation-induced liver disease, incidence and predictive factors. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:191-7. [PMID: 24837351 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy is a new option to treated unresecable liver tumours. The objectives were to assess the tolerance of this technique, to identify predictive factors for toxicity and evaluate the efficiency of this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS From June 2010 to November 2012, robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy was proposed for 56 patients with unresecable hepatocellular carcinomas (23 patients) or hepatic metastases (41 patients). Two or less hepatic lesions, lesion size under 75 mm and WHO score under 3 were selection criteria. The prescribed dose was 45 Gy/3 fractions or 60 Gy/3 fractions. The primary end-point was toxicity, using the radiation-induced liver disease definition and to identify predictive factors. Secondary end-points were in-field local control and overall survival. RESULTS The median follow-up was 12.5 months. The one-year local control rate and the one-year overall survival rate were 64% [CI95%: 48.2 to 76.5%] and 89% [CI95%: 76 to 95%], respectively. For patient treated with a total dose of 60 Gy, no one experienced recurrence. According to the definition we took, radiation-induced liver disease rate was 0 or 9%. A lesion size at least 35 mm was a predictive factor to liver toxicity (P=0.01). CONCLUSION Using robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy, the incidence of radiation-induced liver disease is weak and spontaneously reversible. Prospective studies are required to put in evidence other predictive factors of radiation-induced liver disease and confirm the optimal dose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janoray
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - S Chapet
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - A Ruffier-Loubière
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - G Bernadou
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Y Pointreau
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - G Calais
- Oncology-Radiotherapy Department, Henry S. Kaplan Cancer Center, CHRU de Tours, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
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20
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[Evaluation of the therapeutic response after stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumors]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:320-4. [PMID: 24811896 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy takes more and more an important place in the therapeutic arsenal of primitive and secondary liver tumours. The administration of ablative radiation doses can result in specific changes to both the tumour and the healthy hepatic parenchyma, relative to conventional radiation therapy, making the assessment of local changes after stereotactic body radiation therapy, in terms of local control and reaction of healthy tissue, often difficult. It is mandatory to standardize and simplify our evaluation criteria to benefit from a better understanding of the effectiveness of this new treatment modality and allow better reproducibility of available imaging exams. This article presents a literature review of the various radiological changes observed after stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumours according to the multiple assessment methods used to determine local control. From the data available, we recommend using modified RECIST criteria proposed by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), as objective and relevant criteria of local control after stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumours.
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Bourgier C, Azria D, Fenoglietto P, Riou O, Almaghrabi MY, Supiot S, Mornex F, Giraud P. [Stereotactic body radiation therapy and oligometastases]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:337-41. [PMID: 24792996 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In stage IV cancers, locoregional management of primitive tumours as surgery and/or radiotherapy improved both progression-free survival and overall survival. Among metastatic cancer patients, some of them are considered as oligometastatic stage as they present few metastatic sites associated with low tumor aggressiveness. For those patients, metastatic local control, and therefore prolonged time to progression should be reached through local treatments as surgery and/or radiofrequency ablation and/or stereotactic radiotherapy. Here we propose a review of oligometastatic stage and results from extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy in terms of efficacy and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourgier
- Service de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; U896, université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - D Azria
- Service de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; U896, université Montpellier 1, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - P Fenoglietto
- Service de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - O Riou
- Service de radiothérapie, institut régional du cancer de Montpellier, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France; Inserm U896, 208, rue des Apothicaires, parc euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - M-Y Almaghrabi
- Institut de cancérologie de l'ouest René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; Inserm UMR, centre de recherche en cancérologie Nantes-Angers, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - S Supiot
- Institut de cancérologie de l'ouest René-Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; Inserm UMR, centre de recherche en cancérologie Nantes-Angers, 44007 Nantes cedex 1, France
| | - F Mornex
- Département de radiothérapie-oncologie, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, Lyon, France
| | - P Giraud
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblance, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 12, rue de l'École-de-médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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Peiffert D, Baumann AS, Marchesi V. Treatment of hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer by robotic stereotactic radiation (Cyberknife ®). J Visc Surg 2014; 151 Suppl 1:S45-9. [PMID: 24582275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyberknife(®) is a dedicated stereotactic radiotherapy device. This new technology permits precise delivery of high dose gradient radiation therapy while sparing the surrounding organs at risk. Hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer (HMCRC) are an example of a lesion where treatment with Cyberknife(®) is indicated because they are located in a radio-sensitive organ and curative treatment is based on focal eradication (resection, radiofrequency ablation,...). The local control rate at one year is reported to be 70 to 100% depending on the study. Tolerance is excellent with less than a 5% rate of acute grade 3 or 4 side effects (nausea, vomiting, gastro-duodenal ulcer). The specific hepatotoxicity of radiotherapy, so-called radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), was found in only one study. Candidates for stereotactic radiotherapy are patients in whom disease is controlled except for intrahepatic disease with 1-3 hepatic metastases ≤ 6 cm in size who have contraindications for surgery, a WHO stage ≤ 2, a volume of healthy liver ≥ 700 cm(3) and normal liver function. It is actually a very simple treatment that results in very good local control with few contraindications. Its place in the management strategy of liver metastases needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Peiffert
- Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 6, avenue de bourgogne - CS 30519, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France.
| | - A-S Baumann
- Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 6, avenue de bourgogne - CS 30519, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - V Marchesi
- Institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, 6, avenue de bourgogne - CS 30519, 54519 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
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Rubio C, Morera R, Hernando O, Leroy T, Lartigau SE. Extracranial stereotactic body radiotherapy. Review of main SBRT features and indications in primary tumors. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013; 18:387-96. [PMID: 24416584 PMCID: PMC3863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Review of main SBRT features and indications in primary tumors. BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiotherapy has been developed in the last few years. SBRT allows the hypofractionated treatment of extra cranial tumors, using either a single or limited number of dose fractions, and resulting in the delivery of a high biological effective dose with low toxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS SBRT REQUIRES A HIGH LEVEL OF ACCURACY FOR ALL PHASES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS: effective patient immobilization, precise target localization, highly conformed dosimetry and image guided systems for treatment verification. The implementation of SBRT in routine requires a careful considering of organ motion. Gating and tracking are effective ways to do so, and less invasive technologies "fiducials free" have been developed. Due to the hypofractionated scheme, the physician must pay attention to new dosimetric constraints in organ at risk and new radiobiological models are needed to assess the optimal fractionation and dose schemes. RESULTS Currently, SBRT is safe and effective to treat primary tumors, which are otherwise untreatable with conventional radiotherapy or surgery. SBRT has quickly developed because of its excellent results in terms of tolerance and its high locoregional control rates. SBRT indications in primary tumors, such as lung primary tumors, have become a standard of care for inoperable patients. SBRT seems to be effective in many others indications in curative or palliative intent such as liver primary tumors, and novel indications and strategies are currently emerging in prostate cancer, head and neck tumor recurrences or pelvis reirradiations. CONCLUSION Currently, SBRT is mainly used when there is no other therapeutic alternative for the patient. This is due to the lack of randomized trials in these settings. However, the results shown in retrospective studies let us hope to impose SBRT as a new standard of care for many patients in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Academic Radiation Oncology Department, HM Universitario Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Morera
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ovidio Hernando
- Academic Radiation Oncology Department, HM Universitario Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas. Leroy
- Academic Radiotherapy Department, Centre Oscar Lambret, University of Lille II-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - S. Eric Lartigau
- Academic Radiotherapy Department, Centre Oscar Lambret, University of Lille II-Nord de France, Lille, France
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Yuan Z, Tian L, Wang P, Song Y, Dong Y, Zhuang H. Comparative research on the efficacy of CyberKnife® and surgical excision for Stage I hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1527-32. [PMID: 24194645 PMCID: PMC3814930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s51452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze and compare the outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with either surgical excision or CyberKnife® from September 2006 to August 2011. MATERIALS AND METHODS Local control and toxicity were the primary endpoints, followed by local progression-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival as the secondary endpoints. Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors were the evaluation criteria for efficacy; Common Toxicity Criteria 3.0 were the evaluation criteria for adverse events. Local control was calculated using the direct method (nonactuarial). The survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method along with log-rank test analysis. RESULTS The research included 26 patients treated with tumor-free cutting edge (R0) surgical excision and 22 patients treated with CyberKnife treatment. The results showed that the adverse effects of CyberKnife were milder, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year local control rates of 92.9%, 90.0%, and 67.7%, respectively. The overall survival rates of the surgical treatment were 88.5%, 73.1%, and 69.2% for the same periods, while those of CyberKnife treatment were 72.7%, 66.7%, and 57.1%, respectively. In this study, surgical excision appeared to prolong overall survival to a greater extent, but with no statistical significance; no statistical difference was observed in the tumor-specific overall survival and progression-free survival between the two cohorts. CONCLUSION According to this preliminary study, with its mild toxicity, the efficacy of CyberKnife treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma was on par with that of surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Wang BF, Dai ZJ, Wang XJ, Bai MH, Lin S, Ma HB, Wang YL, Song LQ, Ma XL, Zan Y, Min WL, Cheng YA. Saikosaponin-d increases the radiosensitivity of smmc-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by adjusting the g0/g1 and g2/m checkpoints of the cell cycle. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:263. [PMID: 24119370 PMCID: PMC3852960 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Saikosaponin-d (SSd), a monomer terpenoid purified from the Chinese herbal drug Radix bupleuri, has multiple effects, including anticancer properties. However, the effect of SSd on tumors exposed to radiation is largely unknown. To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of SSd and its possible mechanism, we combined SSd with radiation therapy to treat SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells under oxia and hypoxia. Methods Cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were examined after treatment with SSd alone, radiation alone, and their combinations under oxia and hypoxia. The protein and mRNA levels of p53, Bcl2, and BAX were measured using western blot analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. Results Treatment with SSd alone and radiation alone inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis rate at the concentration used. These effects were enhanced when SSd was combined with radiation. Moreover, SSd potentiated the effects of radiation to induce G0/G1 arrest in SMMC-7721 cells, and reduced the G2/M-phase population under hypoxia. However, under oxia, SSd only potentiated the effects of radiation to induce G0/G1 arrest, but not G2/M-phase arrest. These effects of SSd alone, radiation alone, and their combination, were accompanied by upregulated expression of p53 and BAX and downregulation of Bcl2 expression under oxia and hypoxia. Conclusion SSd potentiates the effects of radiation on SMMC-7721 cells; thus, it is a promising radiosensitizer. The radiosensitizing effect of SSd may contribute to its effect on the G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoints of the cell cycle.
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O'Connor JK, Trotter J, Davis GL, Dempster J, Klintmalm GB, Goldstein RM. Long-term outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer as a bridge to transplantation. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:949-54. [PMID: 22467602 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is potentially curable with hepatic resection or transplantation. Few patients are eligible for resection, and many face a long wait for donor organ availability for liver transplantation. Here we report the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), the explant pathology findings and survival of patients treated with SBRT as a bridge to transplantation for HCC. From April 2005 to August 2010, 10 patients with 11 HCCs were treated with SBRT as a bridge to transplantation. All patients were evaluated by a liver transplant surgeon before radiosurgery. SBRT was delivered with the CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery system. After SBRT, all patients underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The tumor response was determined by explant pathology. The median follow-up was 62 months from the time of SBRT. The mean time on the liver transplant wait list was 163 days. The median tumor size was 3.4 cm (range = 2.5-5.5 cm). The median SBRT dose was 51 Gy (range = 33-54 Gy) in 3 fractions. The median time from SBRT to liver transplantation was 113 days (range = 8-794 days). At 5 years, the overall survival rate and the disease-free survival rate were both 100%. Overall, 4 of the 10 patients (40%) experienced acute toxicity. Most toxicities were grade 1, and they included nausea, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort. One patient had grade 2 nausea/vomiting. Explant pathology revealed no viable tumor in 3 of the 11 tumors for a complete response rate of 27%. The remaining 8 tumors decreased or remained stable in size. In conclusion, with a median follow-up over 5 years, we have found that SBRT as a bridge to liver transplantation for HCC is feasible and well tolerated. SBRT for HCC may enable patients to remain on the list for frequently curative transplantation during the wait for organ availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K O'Connor
- Baylor Radiosurgery Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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