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Askari H, Soleimanian-Zad S, Kadivar M, Shahbazi S. Creating a novel genetic diversity of Trichoderma afroharzianum by γ-radiation for xylanase-cellulase production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28349. [PMID: 38590889 PMCID: PMC10999882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Creating novel sources of a microbial strain using induced mutation can increase enzyme production for industrial use. According to this, we have developed a mutant strain of Trichoderma afroharzianum by Co60 gamma irradiation. Trichoderma mutants were isolated from an optimum dose of 250 Gy. The qualitative and quantitative screening were used for evaluating their enzyme production and the DNA barcoding method was used to identify the best Trichoderma mutant isolates. The highest cellulase (exo-glucanase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, and total cellulase) and xylanase activities were observed in superior mutant isolates of Trichoderma afroharzianum NAS107-M44 and Trichoderma afroharzianum NAS107-M82, which is approximately 1.6-2.5 times higher than its parent strain, respectively. The electrophoretic pattern of proteins showed that the exo-glucanase I, endo-glucanase III, and the xylanase I enzymes hydrolyzed the corn bran, synergistically. Overall, gamma irradiation-induced mutation could be an expedient technique to access such superior mutants for the bioconversion of corn bran wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Askari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleimanian-Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kadivar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Samira Shahbazi
- Nuclear Agriculture School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI), Karaj, Iran
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Schaubeder JB, Spirk S, Fliri L, Orzan E, Biegler V, Palasingh C, Selinger J, Bakhshi A, Bauer W, Hirn U, Nypelö T. Role of intrinsic and extrinsic xylan in softwood kraft pulp fiber networks. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121371. [PMID: 37940269 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylan is primarily found in the secondary cell wall of plants providing strength and integrity. To take advantage of the reinforcing effect of xylan in papermaking, it is crucial to understand its role in pulp fibers, as it undergoes substantial changes during pulping. However, the contributions of xylan that is added afterwards (extrinsic) and xylan present after pulping (intrinsic) remain largely unexplored. Here, we partially degraded xylan from refined bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) and adsorbed xylan onto BSKP. Enzymatic degradation of 1 % xylan resulted in an open hand sheet structure, while adsorption of 3 % xylan created a denser fiber network. The mechanical properties improved with adsorbed xylan, but decreased more significantly after enzymatic treatment. We propose that the enhancement in mechanical properties by adsorbed extrinsic xylan is due to increased fiber-fiber bonds and sheet density, while the deterioration in mechanical properties of the enzyme treated pulp is caused by the opposite effect. These findings suggest that xylan is decisive for fiber network strength. However, intrinsic xylan is more critical, and the same properties cannot be achieved by readsorbing xylan onto the fibers. Therefore, pulping parameters should be selected to preserve intrinsic xylan within the fibers to maintain paper strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana B Schaubeder
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Fliri
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Eliott Orzan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronika Biegler
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Research, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Julian Selinger
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adelheid Bakhshi
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Sellman FA, Benselfelt T, Larsson PT, Wågberg L. Hornification of cellulose-rich materials - A kinetically trapped state. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121132. [PMID: 37479442 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental understanding concerning cellulose-cellulose interactions under wet and dry conditions remains unclear. This is especially true regarding the drying-induced association of cellulose, commonly described as an irreversible phenomenon called hornification. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms behind hornification would contribute to new drying techniques for cellulose-based materials in the pulp and paper industry while at the same time enhancing material properties and facilitating the recyclability of cellulose-rich materials. In the present work, the irreversible joining of cellulose-rich surfaces has been studied by subjecting cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films to different heat treatments to establish a link between reswelling properties, structural characteristics as well as chemical and mechanical analyses. A heating time/temperature dependence was observed for the reswelling of the CNF films, which is related to the extent of hornification and is different for different chemical compositions of the fibrils. Further, the results indicate that hornification is related to a diffusion process and that the reswellability increases very slowly over long time, indicating that equilibrium is not reached. Hence, hornification is suggested to be a kinetically limited phenomenon governed by non-covalent reversible interactions and a time/temperature dependence on their forming and breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhiya Alex Sellman
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), 11428 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Wu J, Ebadian M, Kim KH, Kim CS, Saddler J. The use of steam pretreatment to enhance pellet durability and the enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of pellets to fermentable sugars. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126731. [PMID: 35074465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although densified wood pellets are an attractive biomass feedstock for bioenergy and biofuels production, partly due to their ease of transport, their friability and hygroscopic nature (attraction of moisture) have proven problematic in terms of storage and handling. Pre-steaming the biomass was shown to reduce the need for size reduction, significantly increasing pellet durability by relocating the plant cell wall lignin to the fibre surface and consequently enhancing binding between particles. Although steam pretreatment has been shown to facilitate enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of biomass, by increasing cellulose accessibility, drying and pelletization partially impeded enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the incorporation of alkaline deacetylation or neutral sulfonation step prior to pre-steaming was shown to mitigate many of the negative effects of drying. Although drying and pelletization did not significantly impact the redistribution of lignin, a mild mechanical refining step was shown to further enhance the hydrolysis of the cellulose component of the pelletized biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mahmood Ebadian
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jack Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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5
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Ibn Yaich A, Edlund U, Albertsson AC. Transfer of Biomatrix/Wood Cell Interactions to Hemicellulose-Based Materials to Control Water Interaction. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8177-8207. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ibn Yaich
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Vega Erramuspe IB, Fazeli E, Näreoja T, Trygg J, Hänninen P, Heinze T, Fardim P. Advanced Cellulose Fibers for Efficient Immobilization of Enzymes. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3188-3197. [PMID: 27575620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic pulp fibers were prepared using surface functionalization of bleached kraft pulp with amino groups (F) and further immobilization of a cross-linked glucose oxidase (G*) from Aspergillus niger. The cross-linked enzymes (G*) were characterized using X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. According to standard assays, the G* content on the resulting fibers (FG*) was of 11 mg/g of fiber, and enzyme activity was of 215 U/g. The results from confocal- and stimulated emission depletion microscopy techniques demonstrated that glucose oxidase do not penetrate the interlayers of fibers. The benefit of pulp fiber functionalization was evident in the present case, as the introduction of amino groups allowed the immobilization of larger amount of enzymes and rendered more efficient systems. Using the approach described on this paper, several advanced materials from wood pulp fibers and new bioprocesses might be developed by selecting the correct enzyme for the target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Beatriz Vega Erramuspe
- Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Elnaz Fazeli
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , von Eulers väg 3, SE 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jani Trygg
- Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Pekka Hänninen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , Tykistökatu 6A, 5th Floor, FI 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research at Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena , Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Fibre and Cellulose Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Porthansgatan 3, FI 20500 Åbo, Finland.,Department of Chemical Engineering (CIT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Palme A, Theliander H, Brelid H. Acid hydrolysis of cellulosic fibres: Comparison of bleached kraft pulp, dissolving pulps and cotton textile cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:1281-7. [PMID: 26572472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of different cellulosic fibres during acid hydrolysis has been investigated and the levelling-off degree of polymerisation (LODP) has been determined. The study included a bleached kraft pulp (both never-dried and once-dried) and two dissolving pulps (once-dried). Additionally, cotton cellulose from new cotton sheets and sheets discarded after long-time use was studied. Experimental results from the investigation, together with results found in literature, imply that ultrastructural differences between different fibres affect their susceptibility towards acid hydrolysis. Drying of a bleached kraft pulp was found to enhance the rate of acid hydrolysis and also result in a decrease in LODP. This implies that the susceptibility of cellulosic fibres towards acid hydrolysis is affected by drying-induced stresses in the cellulose chains. In cotton cellulose, it was found that use and laundering gave a substantial loss in the degree of polymerisation (DP), but that the LODP was only marginally affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palme
- Division of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hans Theliander
- Division of Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Savastano Jr H, Santos SF, Tonoli GH, Mejia JE, Fiorelli J. Non-conventional cement-based composites reinforced with vegetable fibers: A review of strategies to improve durability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3989/mc.2015.05514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Viola E, Zimbardi F, Valerio V, Villone A. Effect of Ripeness and Drying Process on Sugar and Ethanol Production from Giant Reed ( Arundo donax L.). AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2015.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Modification of pine pulp during oxygen delignification by xylan self-assembly. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 112:308-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Tavast D, Mansoor ZA, Brännvall E. Xylan from Agro Waste As a Strength Enhancing Chemical in Kraft Pulping of Softwood. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie5006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tavast
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Mansoor
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Brännvall
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Grigoray O, Wondraczek H, Heikkilä E, Fardim P, Heinze T. Photoresponsive cellulose fibers by surface modification with multifunctional cellulose derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:280-7. [PMID: 25037353 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp fibers were modified by adsorption of novel bio-based multifunctional cellulose derivatives in order to generate light responsive surfaces. The cellulose derivatives used were decorated with both cationic groups (degree of substitution, DS of 0.34) and photoactive groups (DS of 0.11 and 0.37). The adsorption was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich model and it turned out that the main driving force for the adsorption was electrostatic interaction. Moreover, strong indications for hydrophobic interactions between the fibers and the derivatives and the derivatives themselves were found. ToF-SIMS imaging revealed an even distribution of the derivatives on the fiber surfaces. The modified fibers underwent fast photocrosslinking under UV-irradiation as demonstrated by light absorbance and fluorescence measurements. Thus, our results proved that the modified fibers exhibited light-responsive properties and can potentially be used for the manufacture of smart bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Grigoray
- Laboratory of Fiber and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Holger Wondraczek
- Laboratory of Fiber and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Elina Heikkilä
- Laboratory of Fiber and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Laboratory of Fiber and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Laboratory of Fiber and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland; Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Köhnke T, Elder T, Theliander H, Ragauskas AJ. Ice templated and cross-linked xylan/nanocrystalline cellulose hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 100:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Ju X, Engelhard M, Zhang X. An advanced understanding of the specific effects of xylan and surface lignin contents on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:137-45. [PMID: 23395766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chemical pulping techniques were applied to create a set of biomass substrates with intact lignocellulosic fibers and controlled morphological and chemical properties to allow the investigation of the individual effects of xylan and surface lignin content on enzymatic hydrolysis. A high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique was established for quantifying surface lignin content on lignocellulosic biomass substrates. The results from this study show that, apart from its hindrance effect, xylan can facilitate cellulose fibril swelling and thus create more accessible surface area, which improves enzyme and substrate interactions. Surface lignin has a direct impact on enzyme adsorption kinetics and hydrolysis rate. Advanced understanding of xylan and surface lignin effects provides critical information for developing more effective biomass conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Bioproducts, Science and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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15
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Idström A, Brelid H, Nydén M, Nordstierna L. CP/MAS 13C NMR study of pulp hornification using nanocrystalline cellulose as a model system. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:881-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Svensson A, Larsson PT, Salazar-Alvarez G, Wågberg L. Preparation of dry ultra-porous cellulosic fibres: Characterization and possible initial uses. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:775-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Mild pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with recycled ionic liquids towards one-batch process. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:805-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kumar L, Tooyserkani Z, Sokhansanj S, Saddler JN. Does densification influence the steam pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of softwoods to sugars? BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 121:190-198. [PMID: 22858485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The global trade in wood pellets continues to grow. However, their potential as a feedstock for large scale cellulosic ethanol production has not been evaluated. We anticipated that the reduced moisture content and pressure exerted on the wood biomass during the pelletisation process would result in some carbohydrate loss as well as making the biomass more recalcitrant to pretreatment and subsequent hydrolysis. However, when softwood chips and pellets were steam pretreated at medium severity, little hemicellulose loss occurred while more than two-thirds of the cellulose present in the cellulose rich water insoluble fractions were hydrolysed (at 20 FPU cellulase/g cellulose). In addition, prior steaming substantially reduced the particle size of the wood chips enabling direct pelletisation without the need for grinding. Surprisingly, it was also possible to apply a single steam pretreatment to facilitate both pelletisation and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis without the need for a further pretreatment step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linoj Kumar
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Han W, Zhao C, Elder T, Chen K, Yang R, Kim D, Pu Y, Hsieh J, Ragauskas AJ. Study on the modification of bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp using birch xylan. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Hu J, Arantes V, Saddler JN. The enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates by the addition of accessory enzymes such as xylanase: is it an additive or synergistic effect? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:36. [PMID: 21974832 PMCID: PMC3198685 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We and other workers have shown that accessory enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, xylanase, and cellulase cofactors, such as GH61, can considerably enhance the hydrolysis effectiveness of cellulase cocktails when added to pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. It is generally acknowledged that, among the several factors that hamper our current ability to attain efficient lignocellulosic biomass conversion yields at low enzyme loadings, a major problem lies in our incomplete understanding of the cooperative action of the different enzymes acting on pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. RESULTS The reported work assessed the interaction between cellulase and xylanase enzymes and their potential to improve the hydrolysis efficiency of various pretreated lignocellulosic substrates when added at low protein loadings. When xylanases were added to the minimum amount of cellulase enzymes required to achieve 70% cellulose hydrolysis of steam pretreated corn stover (SPCS), or used to partially replace the equivalent cellulase dose, both approaches resulted in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the xylanase supplementation approach increased the total protein loading required to achieve significant improvements in hydrolysis (an additive effect), whereas the partial replacement of cellulases with xylanase resulted in similar improvements in hydrolysis without increasing enzyme loading (a synergistic effect). The enhancement resulting from xylanase-aided synergism was higher when enzymes were added simultaneously at the beginning of hydrolysis. This co-hydrolysis of the xylan also influenced the gross fiber characteristics (for example, fiber swelling) resulting in increased accessibility of the cellulose to the cellulase enzymes. These apparent increases in accessibility enhanced the steam pretreated corn stover digestibility, resulting in three times faster cellulose and xylan hydrolysis, a seven-fold decrease in cellulase loading and a significant increase in the hydrolysis performance of the optimized enzyme mixture. When a similar xylanase-aided enhancement strategy was assessed on other pretreated lignocellulosic substrates, equivalent increases in hydrolysis efficiency were also observed. CONCLUSIONS It was apparent that the 'blocking effect' of xylan was one of the major mechanisms that limited the accessibility of the cellulase enzymes to the cellulose. However, the synergistic interaction of the xylanase and cellulase enzymes was also shown to significantly improve cellulose accessibility through increasing fiber swelling and fiber porosity and also plays a major role in enhancing enzyme accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguang Hu
- Forestry Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Wood Science Department, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Valdeir Arantes
- Forestry Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Wood Science Department, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forestry Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Wood Science Department, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Liu Z, Fatehi P, Sadeghi S, Ni Y. Application of hemicelluloses precipitated via ethanol treatment of pre-hydrolysis liquor in high-yield pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9613-8. [PMID: 21865032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses in industrially produced pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) were precipitated with ethanol. These PHL-derived hemicelluloses (PHL-EH) and a commercial, pure birch wood xylan sample (powder form) (BWX) were bleached using chlorine dioxide (D(0) and D(1)) and hydrogen peroxide (Ep) in the D(0)EpD(1) sequence, and the chemical compositions, molecular weights and charge densities of the treated samples were assessed. When applied to high-yield pulp (HYP) at 50 mg/g, 26 and 20 mg/g of the bleached PHL-EH and BWX, respectively, were adsorbed without significantly affecting paper properties. These results suggest that semi-bleached hemicelluloses could be used to increase the basis weight of paper products. Furthermore, an integrated process was proposed that converts the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process into a biorefinery unit with dissolving pulp, bleached hemicelluloses and lignin as main products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Eronen P, Österberg M, Heikkinen S, Tenkanen M, Laine J. Interactions of structurally different hemicelluloses with nanofibrillar cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Köhnke T, Ostlund A, Brelid H. Adsorption of arabinoxylan on cellulosic surfaces: influence of degree of substitution and substitution pattern on adsorption characteristics. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2633-41. [PMID: 21598942 DOI: 10.1021/bm200437m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study presents results that show that the fine structure of arabinoxylan affects its interaction with cellulosic surfaces, an important understanding when designing and evaluating properties of xylan-cellulose-based materials. Arabinoxylan samples, with well-defined structures, were prepared from a wheat flour arabinoxylan with targeted enzymatic hydrolysis. Turbidity measurements and analyses using NMR diffusometry showed that the solubility and the hydrodynamic properties of arabinoxylan are determined not only by the degree of substitution but also by the substitution pattern. On the basis of results obtained from adsorption experiments on microcrystalline cellulose particles and on cellulosic model surfaces investigated with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, it was also found that arabinoxylan adsorbs irreversibly on cellulosic surfaces and that the adsorption characteristics, as well as the properties of the adsorbed layer, are controlled by the fine structure of the xylan molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Köhnke
- Forest Products and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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