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Liu JJ, Chen SK, Luo H, Wang Y, Song XX, He WW, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Nie SP. Insights into dynamic evolution of glucuronofucogalactoglucan from water extract of Agrocybe cylindracea during maturation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122235. [PMID: 38823906 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of Agrocybe cylindracea polysaccharides at four developmental stages, as well as their dynamic evolution during maturation. Results showed that the polysaccharides from A. cylindracea water extract exhibited similar structural characteristics across all four maturity stages, despite a significant reduction in yields. Four water-soluble heteroglycans, including one high molecular weight (ACPM-Et50-I) and three low molecular weight (ACPM-Et50-II, ACPM-Et60, ACPM-Et80), were isolated from A. cylindracea at each maturity stage. ACPM-Et50-I was identified as branched heterogalactans, while ACPM-Et60 and ACPM-Et80 were branched heteroglucans. However, ACPM-Et50-II was characterized as a branched glucuronofucogalactoglucan at the tide-turning stage but a glucuronofucoglucogalactan at the pileus expansion stage due to the increase of its α-(1 → 6)-D-Galp. In general, although the structural skeletons of most A. cylindracea heteroglycans were similar during maturation as shown by their highly consistent glycosyl linkages, there were still differences in the distribution of some heteroglucans. This work has for the first time reported a glucuronofucogalactoglucan in A. cylindracea and its dynamic evolution during maturation, which may facilitate the potential application of A. cylindracea in food and biomedicine industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Shi-Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Wei-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330047, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
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Liu JJ, Hou YK, Wang X, He WW, Huang XJ, Yin JY, Nie SP. Dynamics of α-glucan from Agrocybe cylindracea water extract at different developmental stages and its structure characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131799. [PMID: 38677677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the important bioactive macromolecules in Agrocybe cylindracea, but their changes are as yet elusive during developmental process. This study investigated the dynamic changes of polysaccharides from A. cylindracea fruiting body water extract at four developmental stages and its structure characteristics. Results revealed that the polysaccharides from A. cylindracea water extract significantly increased at the pileus expansion stage and the increased fraction could be α-glucan. The further purification and identification indicated that this α-glucan was a glycogen. It had typical morphology of β particles with a molecular weight of 1375 kDa. Its backbone comprised α-D-(1 → 4)-Glcp and α-D-(1 → 4,6)-Glcp residues at a ratio of 5:1, terminated by α-D-Glcp residue. Rheological behavior suggested that it was a Newtonian fluid at the concentration of 1 %. In addition, despite both the glycogen and natural starch were composed of D-glucose, they exhibited the entirely distinct Maltese cross characteristic and unique crystalline structure. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of abundant glycogen in the pileus expansion stage of A. cylindracea, which provides new insights on the change patterns of fungal polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Yu-Ke Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Wei-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China
| | - Jun-Yi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China.
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330047, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luo he 462300, Henan, China.
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3
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Ontawong A, Pengnet S, Thim-Uam A, Munkong N, Narkprasom N, Narkprasom K, Kuntakhut K, Kamkeaw N, Amornlerdpison D. A randomized controlled clinical trial examining the effects of Cordyceps militaris beverage on the immune response in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7994. [PMID: 38580687 PMCID: PMC10997757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link (C. militaris) contains various beneficial substances, including polysaccharides (galactomannan), nucleotides (adenosine and cordycepin), cordycepic acid, amino acids, and sterols (ergosterol and beta-sitosterol). It also contains other essential nutrients, such as protein, vitamins (E, K, B1, B2, and B12), and minerals (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and selenium). Due to the numerous health benefits of supplements and products containing C. militaris extract, their popularity has increased. However, the immunostimulant effect of C. militaris remains unclear. Therefore, this study developed a functional beverage from the submerged fermentation of C. militaris (FCM) and aimed to investigate the potential of FCM in healthy male and female volunteers in Phayao Province, Thailand. This study provides essential information for the development of healthy drink products. Healthy men and women were provided either FCM containing 2.85 mg of cordycepin or placebo for 8 weeks (n = 10 for each gender). The immune cell markers, immunoglobulins, and safety parameters were assessed initially at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. The NK cell activity markedly increased in the male FCM group from baseline (p = 0.049) to 4 weeks after receiving FCM. Compared with those in the placebo group, the NK activity in women who received FCM for 8 weeks significantly increased (p = 0.023) from baseline. Within-group analysis revealed that the IL-1β levels were markedly reduced in the male FCM group (p = 0.049). Furthermore, the IL-6 levels decreased from baseline in the female FCM group (p = 0.047). The blood sugar, lipid, and safety indices were not different between the experimental groups. FCM can potentially be developed as an immune-boosting supplement without liver, kidney, or blood component toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Sirinat Pengnet
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Arthid Thim-Uam
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Narongsuk Munkong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Nukrob Narkprasom
- Division of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Narkprasom
- Division of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Kullanat Kuntakhut
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Natakorn Kamkeaw
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpison
- Center of Excellence in Agricultural Innovation for Graduate Entrepreneur, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
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Huang L, Sun Q, Li Q, Li X. Screening and characterization of an anti-inflammatory pectic polysaccharide from Cucurbita moschata Duch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130510. [PMID: 38447847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Pectin polysaccharides have demonstrated diverse biological activities, however, the inflammatory potential of pectin polysaccharides extracted from Cucurbita moschata Duch remains unexplored. This study aims to extract, characterize and evaluate the effects of pumpkin pectin polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, along with its underlying mechanism of action. Initially, we extracted three fractions of pectin polysaccharides from pumpkin and screened them for anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced macrophages, identifying CMDP-3a as the most potent anti-inflammatory fraction. Subsequently, CMDP-3a underwent comprehensive characterization through chromatography and spectroscopic analysis, revealing CMDP-3a as an RG-I-HG type pectin polysaccharide with →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → as the main chain. Further, in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells model, treatment with CMDP-3a significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, in a mouse colitis model, CMDP-3a administration obviously inhibited DSS-induced pathological alterations and reduced inflammatory cytokine expressions in the colonic tissues by down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These findings provide a molecular basis for the potential application of CMDP-3a in reducing inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Quanhong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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5
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Wu N, Ge X, Yin X, Yang L, Chen L, Shao R, Xu W. A review on polysaccharide biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129336. [PMID: 38224811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is an edible parasitic fungus with medicinal properties. Its bioactive polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various metabolic and biological activities, including antitumor, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. These properties make C. militaris-derived polysaccharides a promising candidate for future development. Recent advancements in microbial fermentation technology have enabled successful laboratory cultivation and extraction of these polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various biological activities, such as immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This review aims to summarize the structure and production mechanisms of polysaccharides from C. militaris, covering extraction methods, key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis, and fermentation factors that influence yield and activity. Furthermore, the future potential and challenges of utilizing polysaccharides in the development of health foods and pharmaceuticals are addressed. This review serves as a valuable reference in the fields of food and medicine, and provides a theoretical foundation for the study of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xuemei Yin
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Ligen Chen
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Rong Shao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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6
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Li F, Fan H, Sun Q, Di Y, Xia H. Effects of Medium Additives on the Mycelial Growth and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Submerged Culture of Bjerkandera fumosa. Molecules 2024; 29:422. [PMID: 38257335 PMCID: PMC10818688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medium additives have been shown to affect the synthesis of active products in fungi. This study investigated the effects of corn stalk, poplar sawdust, Tween-80, and oleic acid on mycelial biomass and physicochemical properties, as well as the bioactivity of polysaccharides, including exopolysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS), in the submerged culture of Bjerkandera fumosa. Results showed that the addition of corn stalk or poplar sawdust increased the production of EPS but decreased the production of IPS; Tween-80 had less effect on the production of EPS and IPS; and oleic acid stimulated polysaccharide production significantly. Polysaccharide property analysis showed that the addition of corn stalk or poplar sawdust promoted the production of high-molecular-weight components in polysaccharides and changed the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, as well as increased the mannose, glucuronic acid, and xylose contents of IPS. Tween-80 and oleic acid also changed the molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides but only slightly affected the composition of monosaccharides. The bioactivity assay indicated that the polysaccharides obtained by adding corn stalk possessed high hydroxyl radical scavenging and antitumor activities. The effect of poplar sawdust was slightly weaker than that of corn stalk. EPS and IPS obtained from a culture with Tween-80 and oleic acid possessed low antioxidant activity. Moreover, their antitumor activity was improved and lost, respectively. The results obtained in this work are useful for improving the understanding of the optimization and regulation of bioactive polysaccharide production in the submerged culture of B. fumosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongmei Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (F.L.); (H.F.); (Q.S.); (Y.D.)
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Yue JR, Lu JM, Fan QF, Sun P, Li YJ, Zhou SL, Wang XY, Niu JM, Xu YK, Zhou J. Comparative Study of the Structural Characteristics and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides Extracted from Aspidopterys obcordata Hemsl. Using Different Solvents. Molecules 2023; 28:7977. [PMID: 38138466 PMCID: PMC10745748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides extracted from Aspidopterys obcordata are thought to have anti-urolithiasis activity in Drosophila kidney stones. This study aimed to assess the effects of different extraction solvents on the yield, chemical composition, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from A. obcordata. A. obcordata polysaccharides were extracted by using four solutions: hot water, HCl solution, NaOH solution, and 0.1 M NaCl. The results revealed that the extraction solvents significantly influenced the extraction yields, molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide compositions, preliminary structural characteristics, and microstructures of polysaccharides. The NaOH solution's extraction yield was significantly higher than the other extraction methods. Vitro antioxidant activity assays revealed that the NaOH solution extracted exhibited superior scavenging abilities towards DPPH and ABTS radicals and higher FRAP values than other polysaccharides. The vitro assays conducted for calcium oxalate crystallization demonstrated that four polysaccharides exhibited inhibitory effects on the nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals, impeded calcium oxalate monohydrate growth, and induced calcium oxalate dihydrate formation. The NaOH solution extracted exhibited the most pronounced inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal nucleation, while the hot water extracted demonstrated the most significant suppression of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Therefore, it can be inferred that polysaccharides extracted with NaOH solution exhibited significant potential as a viable approach for extracting polysaccharides from stems due to their superior yield and the remarkable bioactivity of the resulting products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
- Dehong Vocational College, Mangshi 678400, China
| | - Jian-Mei Lu
- The Center for Gardening and Horticulture, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
| | - Qing-Fei Fan
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Peng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
| | - Yang-Jian Li
- Dehong Vocational College, Mangshi 678400, China
| | - Shi-Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun-Mei Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - You-Kai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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Yang XM, Wang SQ, Chen LS, Zhu ZY. Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from the Cordyceps cicadae and the immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1925-1940. [PMID: 37455564 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A new exopolysaccharide component named as PC-EPS was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, and its structure was determined. PC-EPS was identified to be constituted of mannose, glucose, and galactose (28.84:1:19.42), with an average molecular weight of 3.72 × 106 Da, according to the results of monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, and methylation studies. According to structural characterization, PC-EPS's connection type was made up of →6) -α-d-Manp (1→, →2) -β-d-Manp (1→, →4) -α-d-Manp (1→, →2) -α-d-Galf (1→, and →4) -α-d-Galp (1→. PC-EPS may significantly increase phagocytosis and RAW264.7 cell proliferation. Additionally, by boosting intracellular lysozyme, cellular acid phosphatase, and cellular superoxide dismutase enzyme concentrations, as well as by promoting the generation of cellular NO, it is the potential to regulate the immunological activity of RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the effects of PC-EPS on RAW264.7 cells increased their capacities to create tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 cytokines, all of which suggested that PC-EPS had the potential to improve immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Si-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Li-Sha Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
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9
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Bao T, Karim N, Ke H, Tangpong J, Chen W. Polysaccharide isolated from wax apple suppresses ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage in human hepatocytes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:574-586. [PMID: 37455135 PMCID: PMC10350369 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) has received growing research interest for its high nutritional and medicinal value due to its constituents such as polysaccharide, organic acids, flavonoids, minerals, and other substances. In this study, wax apple polysaccharide (WAP) was isolated from this plant and its protective effect against ethyl carbamate (EC)-induced oxidative damage was evaluated in human hepatocytes (L02 cells). Firstly, a series of analyses such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were conducted to identify the structure of WAP. Thereafter, in vitro cell experiments were performed to verify the protective effects of WAP against EC-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative damage in L02 cells. Our results revealed that WAP is composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 2.20:3.94:4.45:8.56:8.86:30.82:39.78:1.48. Using a combination of methylation and NMR spectroscopic analysis, the primary structure of WAP was identified as Araf-(1→, Glcp-(1→, →2)-Araf-(1→, →3)-Galp-(1→, →3)-Araf-(1→, and →6)-Galp-(1→. Cell experiments indicated that WAP exhibited significant protective effects on EC-treated L02 cells via suppressing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and O2•- formation, as well as improving mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glutathione (GSH). In a nutshell, WAP has the potential as an important therapeutic agent or supplement for hepatic oxidative damage. Meanwhile, further studies are needed to prove the above effects in vivo at the biological and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Ke
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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10
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Song L, Yang J, Kong W, Liu Y, Liu S, Su L. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma through the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and regulates the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124333. [PMID: 37030458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, as one of the main types of bioactive components of Cordyceps militaris, have anti-allergic asthma effects. Herein, an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma mouse model was established to assess the potential mechanisms of the separated and purified Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide (CMP). CMP is an α-pyranose with a molecular weight of 15.94 kDa that consists of Glc, Man, Gal, Xyl, Ara and GlcA in a molar ratio of 81.25:21.96:13.88:3.92:3.58:1.00. CMP improved inflammatory cytokine levels, alleviated the histopathological changes in the lung and intestinal tissues, regulated the expression of mRNA and proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, reversed gut dysbiosis at the phylum and family levels and improved microbiota function in allergic asthma mice. Moreover, it was found that the levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue of mice were significantly correlated with some intestinal microbial communities. Overall, CMP improved oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in allergic asthma mice by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which may be closely correlation with maintaining the stability of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyue Song
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Jintao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Weihan Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China.
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11
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Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide alleviates diabetic symptoms by regulating gut microbiota against TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123241. [PMID: 36641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted increasing attention. In our work, one purified fraction a (AEPSa) was obtained from Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides, and its hypoglycemic activity and underlying mechanisms were investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mice. The results revealed that AEPSa reshaped gut microbiota by increasing Allobaculum, Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and norank_f_Muribaculaceae and decreasing Enterococcus and Ruminococcus_torques_group to inhibit the colonic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway and upregulate intestinal tight junction protein expression, thereby improving glucose and serum lipid metabolism, hormone secretion and complications. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) also confirmed these findings. These results indicated that symptomatic relief of T2DM might be related to AEPSa regulating the gut microbiota against the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to protect the intestinal barrier. Therefore, AEPSa might be developed as a prebiotic agent against T2DM by regulating gut microbiota.
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12
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Meng M, Sun Y, Qi Y, Xu J, Sun J, Bai Y, Han L, Han R, Hou L, Sun H. Structural characterization and induction of tumor cell apoptosis of polysaccharide from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123799. [PMID: 36828088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate is the main ingredient of purple sweet potato. A polysaccharide, named PSP, was separated and purified from purple sweet potato by extraction with hot water, precipitation with ethanol, deproteinization with Sevag reagent and column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The purity and structure were studied with HPLC, UV-Vis, GC-MS and NMR. The PSP is a neutral polysaccharide with Mw of 470 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of PSP contained D-xylose, d-glucose, D-galactose with ratio of 1.0: 8.3: 1.3. The backbone of PSP was composed of the residues of →6)-D-Glcp-(1 → and →2, 6)-D-Glcp-(1→. The branches of PSP contained the residues of →3)-D-Galp-(1→, and D-Xylp-(1→. The antitumor activity in vitro of PSP was analyzed with HT-29 cells. And the SEM, AO staining, MDC staining and hoechst 33342 staining were performed to study the effect on apoptosis of HT-29 cells by PSP. The results revealed that the PSP can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells from induction apoptosis. The manuscript provided valuable knowledges on structural characteristics of the polysaccharides from purple sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanlong Qi
- Synthetical Test Site of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1, Xiaokang Road, New Urban District, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ran Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Wang S, Wu H, Zhang X, Luo S, Zhou S, Fan H, Lv C. Preparation of nano-selenium from chestnut polysaccharide and characterization of its antioxidant activity. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1054601. [PMID: 36741999 PMCID: PMC9889657 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1054601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chestnut is widely cultivated and has high nutritional value due to its richness in polysaccharides. In order to improve the antioxidant activity of chestnut polysaccharide, chestnut polysaccharide (CP) was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted water extraction and alcohol precipitation and purified by cellulose DEAE-52 exchange and Sephadex G-100 chromatography in this study. CP isolates were characterized by I2-KI reaction, three-strand helical structure analysis, infrared spectrum analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance detection. The results showed that CP is a pyrylan sugar with triple helical structure and connected by α-glycosidic bonds, with sugar residues 1,4-α-D-Glcp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,4-α-L-Rhap, and 1,4-β-D-Glcp in the CP backbone. After purification, the branching structure, rod, and spherical structure were significantly increased, with reduced lamellar structure. The in vitro scavenging rates of CP at 10 mg·mL-1 against DPPH, hydroxyl radicals, and ABTS were 88.95, 41.38, and 48.16%, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of purified polysaccharide fraction CP-1a was slightly enhanced, and the other rates showed a small decrease. Selenized chestnut polysaccharide (CP-Se) was prepared using nano-selenium method. The selenization method was optimized and stable Se-CP was obtained. When the concentration was 5 mg·mL-1, Se-CP had significantly higher scavenging abilities 89.81 ± 2.33, 58.50 ± 1.60, and 40.66 ± 1.91% for DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS radicals, respectively, than those of CP. The results of this study provide insight into the effects purification and selenization of chestnut polysaccharide on antioxidant activity, and also provide a theoretical basis for the development of chestnut polysaccharide for use in functional foods or health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Haiyan Fan ✉
| | - Chunmao Lv
- Food Science College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China,Chunmao Lv ✉
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14
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Song Q, Kong L. Chemical structure and protective effect against alcoholic kidney and heart damages of a novel polysaccharide from Piperis Dahongpao. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Zhang T, Liu H, Ma P, Huang J, Bai X, Liu P, Zhu L, Min X. Immunomodulatory effect of polysaccharides isolated from Lonicera japonica Thunb. in cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kang JY, Lee B, Kim CH, Choi JH, Kim MS. Enhancing the prebiotic and antioxidant effects of exopolysaccharides derived from Cordyceps militaris by enzyme-digestion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Extraction optimization, characterization, antioxidant and immunological activities of polysaccharides from squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) viscera. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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18
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Wan B, Song Q, Peng H, Cui Y, Wang H, Wang S, Zhu Z. Structure analysis and Pb2+-resistant activity of novel oligosaccharide from Trichoderma asperellum. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Tian R, Chai H, Qiu JQ, Liang ZQ, Xie HJ, Wang Y, Zeng NK. Preparation, structural characterisation, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from eight boletes (Boletales) in tropical China. Mycology 2022; 13:195-206. [PMID: 35938078 PMCID: PMC9354634 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2069172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides in boletes (Boletales) are economically significant to both function food and medicinal industries. The polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit bodies of eight boletes, namely, Aureoboletus longicollis, Butyriboletus hainanensis, Crocinoboletus rufoaureus, Hemioporus japonicus, Neoboletus infuscatus, Neoboletus obscureumbrinus, Tylopilus otsuensis, Xanthoconium fusciceps, which were collected from tropical China; their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were characterised and evaluated, respectively. The results revealed that the polysaccharides among the eight boletes were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a broad molecular weight range, and contained a pyranose ring revealed by FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses. Many factors such as different species of boletes, geographic conditions, molecular weight, configuration, and monosaccharide content may affect the antioxidant power of polysaccharides, simultaneously, instead of one single factor. The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were measured according to in vitro assays of DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ferrous ion reducing tests. The polysaccharide of C. rufoaureus has greatly superior antioxidant activity and it could serve as potential functional food or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhi-Qun Liang
- College of Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui-Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Nian-Kai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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20
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Huang R, Zhu Z, Wu S, Wang J, Chen M, Liu W, Huang A, Zhang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris prevent obesity in association with modulating gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111197. [PMID: 35761521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Improved gut microbes and nutritious metabolites have been considered as the mediators of health benefits from indigestible polysaccharides, but their role in the anti-obesity effect of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris (CMP) remains elusive. This study aims to explore the potential mediators of the anti-obesity effects of CMP in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The results showed that CMP supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body weight, fat accumulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and impaired glucose tolerance as well as gut barrier. Moreover, the CMP reversed the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, as indicated by the elevated population of Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes; and decreased population of Negativebacillus, in addition to altered levels of metabolites, such as brassicasterol and 4'-O-methylkanzonol W. Notably, CMP prevented obesity in association with the altered gut microbes and metabolites. These findings suggest that CMP may serve as a potential prebiotic agent to modulate specific gut microbes and related metabolites, which play a critical role in its preventing obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Meng H, Wu J, Shen L, Chen G, Jin L, Yan M, Wan H, He Y. Microwave assisted extraction, characterization of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and its antioxidant effects via ferroptosis-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:398-412. [PMID: 35718160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction procedure for the crude Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMPs) obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was optimized. Four independent variables were studied: microwave power, extraction time, solvent-to-solid ratio, and concentration of ethanol, with optimal settings of 1200 W, 12 min, 38, and 86 %, respectively. The SMPs were successively purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100 chromatography to produce a novel polysaccharide termed SMP1. The SMP1 was composed of glucose, galactose, and fructose in a molar ratio of 1:1.67:1.12 with an average molecular weight of 6087 Da. Pharmacological studies showed that SMP1 protected from OGD/R-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in PC12 cells. Our research systematically indicated that polysaccharide could inhibit ferroptosis to alleviate oxidative stress injury, which laid the foundation for the future clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guangwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Mengxia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Ono A, Suzuki T, Takeshima Y, Kashiwa T, Motoyama T, Choi JH, Sato C, Konno N, Miyakawa H, Ogata M, Hirai H, Dohra H, Osada H, Kawagishi H. CmLec4, a lectin from the fungus Cordyceps militaris, controls host infection and fruiting body formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:303-311. [PMID: 35718153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fungi belonging to the Ascomycete genus Cordyceps are endoparasitoids and parasites, mainly of insects and other arthropods. Cordyceps militaris has been used as a therapeutic drug for cancer patients. However, the infection, parasitism, and fruiting body formation mechanisms of this fungus are still unknown. Based on our hypothesis that lectin(s) is involved in the interaction between the C. militaris fungi and insects, we partially purified and characterized a new lectin from C. militaris, designated CmLec4. In addition, we searched for substance(s) in the infected silkworm extracts that could bind to CmLec4, and succeeded in purifying the sex-specific storage protein 2 as a specific binding target. To examine function of the binding protein during the process of parasitism, we investigated the effect of recombinant CmLec4 on silkworms by inoculating the protein into silkworm pupae, and found that it significantly delayed emergence compared to the control. Furthermore, cmlec4 gene knockout strains constructed in this study produced markedly lower amounts of fruiting body than the wild-type strain. All the results revealed that the lectin CmLec4 produced by C. militaris would be involved in the infection into silkworm and fruiting body formation from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Ono
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan; United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshino Takeshima
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kashiwa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takayuki Motoyama
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Naotake Konno
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Liu P, Wang C, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Eliezer D, Li Q, Zhao J. Homogalacturonan from squash: Characterization and tau-binding pattern of a sulfated derivative. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Miao M, Yu WQ, Li Y, Sun YL, Guo SD. Structural Elucidation and Activities of Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharides: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:898674. [PMID: 35711557 PMCID: PMC9193282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.898674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a parasitic edible fungus and has been used as tonics for centuries. Polysaccharides are a major water-soluble component of C. militaris. Recently, C. militaris-derived polysaccharides have been given much attention due to their various actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and immunomodulatory effects. These bioactivities are determined by the various structural characteristics of polysaccharides including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and glycosidic linkage. The widespread use of advanced analytical analysis tools has greatly improved the elucidation of the structural characteristics of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. However, the methods for polysaccharide structural characterization and the latest findings related to C. militaris-derived polysaccharides, especially the potential structure-activity relationship, have not been well-summarized in recent reviews of the literature. This review will discuss the methods used in the elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides and structural characteristics as well as the signaling pathways modulated by C. militaris-derived polysaccharides. This article provides information useful for the development of C. militaris-derived polysaccharides as well as for investigating other medicinal polysaccharides.
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Zhang K, Huang Y, Wu Q, Guo W, Chen H, Zhang W, Li Y, Lu Y, Wu Q, Pan W, Chen L, Chen Y. Antibacterial effect and mechanism against Escherichia coli of polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:750-759. [PMID: 35318079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to prepare Armillariella tabescens mycelia polysaccharides (PAT) with remarkably growth inhibitory effect on typical food-borne pathogenic bacteria using a green and efficient polyamide method and (2) to explore the antibacterial mechanism of PAT for use as a natural antibacterial agent. The sugar and uronic acid contents of PAT were 93.41% and 12.24%, respectively. PAT could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus cells, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 4.0, and 4.0 mg/mL, respectively. Ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed cell wall and membrane rupture of E. coli treated with PAT. Further, 0.5-4.0 mg/mL PAT was found to significantly (P < 0.01) and concentration-dependently increase the conductivity of the broth, exudation of the intracellular protein, and alkaline phosphatase and β-galactosidase activities. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed morphological changes in E. coli DNA after PAT treatment and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation; flow cytometry revealed E. coli cell apoptosis. Our findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of PAT as a natural antibacterial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianzhen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenhua Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongming Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingxi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenjuan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Deep eutectic solvents boosting solubilization and Se-functionalization of heteropolysaccharide: Multiple hydrogen bonds modulation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Improvement in the Blood Urea Nitrogen and Serum Creatinine Using New Cultivation of Cordyceps militaris. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4321298. [PMID: 35368765 PMCID: PMC8967507 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4321298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical public health issue with a huge financial burden for both patients and society worldwide. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficacious therapies to prevent or delay the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Traditional Chinese medicine practices have shown that Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) mycelia have a variety of pharmacologically useful properties, including antitumor, immunomodulation, and hepatoprotection. However, the effect of mycelial C. militaris on CKD remains unclear. Methods Here, we investigated the effects of C. militaris mycelia on mice with CKD using four types of media: HKS, HKS with vitamin A (HKS + A), CM, and CM with vitamin A (CM + A). Results The results at day 10 revealed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly lower in the HKS (41%), HKS + A (41%), and CM + A (34%) groups compared with those in the corresponding control groups (nephrectomic mice). The level of serum creatinine in the HKS + A group decreased by 35% at day 10, whereas the levels in the HKS and CM + A groups decreased only by 14% and 13%, respectively, on day 30. Taken together, this is the first report using four new media (HKS, HKS + A, CM, and CM + A medium) for C. militaris mycelia. Each medium of mycelial C. militaris on CKD exhibits specific effect on BUN, serum creatinine, body weight, total protein, and uric acid. Conclusions Taken together, this is the first report using four new media (HKS, HKS + A, CM, and CM + A medium) for C. militaris mycelia. Each medium of mycelial C. militaris on CKD exhibits specific effects on BUN, serum creatinine, body weight, total protein, and uric acid. We concluded that treatment with C. militaris mycelia cultured in HKS or CM + A medium could potentially prevent the deterioration of kidney function in mice with CKD.
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Le TH, Thi Tran TV, Tran VK, Vu Ho XA, Tran TM, Chau Nguyen DG, Chuong Nguyen TH, Varma RS, Trinh TK, Ho TT, Hac Nguyen TB, Ahamad T, Nguyen CC, Le QV. Structural Characterization of Mannoglucan Isolated from Ophiocordyceps sobolifera and Its Antioxidant Activities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9397-9405. [PMID: 35350314 PMCID: PMC8945084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide structure (PS-T80) was collected from Ophiocordyceps sobolifera biomass and characterized via a combination of chemical and spectral analyses. Employing high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), the average molecular weight is proven to be 7.4 × 104 Da. Furthermore, a sugar composition analysis of the obtained polysaccharide suggests two main sugars, β-d-glucose and α-d-mannose, at a molar ratio of 2:1, respectively, in the backbone. The structure analysis unveils that PS-T80 is a mannoglucan, possessing the repeating unit of [→3)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→] n . Such a configuration could be considered a novel polysaccharide. Impressively, in vitro antioxidant tests revealed that PS-T80 has a promising antioxidant activity. These results demonstrate that the obtained PS is a potential bioactive material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Le
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Thi Tran
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Van Khoa Tran
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Anh Vu Ho
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Tran
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Giang Chau Nguyen
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences,
Hue University, Thua Thien
Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tam Kiet Trinh
- Institute
of Microbiology and Biotechnologv, Hanoi
National University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute
for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | | | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chinh Chien Nguyen
- Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing
Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
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Fu X, Song M, Lu M, Xie M, Shi L. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of polysaccharide isolated from Sphacelotheca sorghi in diet-streptozotocin-induced T2D mice. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1882-1894. [PMID: 35275401 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Edible fungus has attracted great interest with many health benefits, and polysaccharides from them have shown great potentials. In this study, polysaccharides were extracted from Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clint. Monosaccharide composition of S. sorghi polysaccharides (SSP) was detected by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and mainly consists of glucose (70.5%), galactose (15.6%), mannose (7.2%), arabinose (5.8%), and rhamnose (0.9%). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet-fed (HFSD) diet with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in mice, and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic regulations of SSP were evaluated. After oral treatment of high dose of SSP (200 mg/kg/day), the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was reduced by 39.3%, the insulin resistance of T2D mice was relieved, the lipids metabolism disorder caused by diabetes was improved, and the levels of liver glycogen was increased by 34.1%, compared with the model control. Histopathological examination showed that SSP relieved liver damage. Furthermore, SSP regulated glucose and lipid metabolism by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, SPP is promising to be used as a functional food for the improvement of metabolic disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: For enhancing the utilization rate and economic value of an edible fungi Sphacelotheca sorghi (Link) Clint., the total polysaccharides were isolated and used to investigate the effect of fungi in terms of balancing the levels of blood glucose and lipids. The S. sorghi polysaccharide treatment resolved the symptoms and insulin resistance in mice with diabetes, signifying its potential application in producing different functional foods for preventing or controlling diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Food and Processing Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengxue Song
- Food and Processing Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Food and Processing Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China.,College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengxi Xie
- Food and Processing Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang Y, Li K, Chen M, Fang S, Zhen D, Cao J, Wu Z, Zhang K. A novel polysaccharide prepared from
Chrysanthemum morifolium
cv. Fubaiju tea and its emulsifying properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Kexin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Maobin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Shangling Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Da Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Jinghua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Zhengqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing 100048 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering Ministry of Education Wuhan 430068 China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology Wuhan 430068 China
- School of Biological Engineering and Food Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China
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Qian L, Ye X, Xiao J, Lin S, Wang H, Liu Z, Ma Y, Yang L, Zhang Z, Wu L. Nitrogen concentration acting as an environmental signal regulates cyanobacterial EPS excretion. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132878. [PMID: 34780741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an important carbon (C) storage in biological soil crusts (BSCs), exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are not only a part of the desert C cycle, but also the key materials for cyanobacteria to resist desert stress. In this study, the influence of initial N concentrations (10, 25 and 50 mg L-1 designated as N10, N25 and N50 respectively) on Microcoleus vaginatusis growth and the excretion of EPSs including RPS (released exopolysaccharides) and CPS (capsule exopolysaccharides) were evaluated at different growth periods. In logarithmic period, higher ratio of biomass to EPSs indicated by (DW-CPS)/EPSs was observed in the N50 group with the highest N concentration (about 40 mg L-1) in the medium, while no difference was observed among the three groups in stationary period when the N concentrations of medium were lower than 25 mg L-1. The CPS/RPS showed similar results with (DW-CPS)/EPSs, and stayed higher than 1 in each group. Notably, obvious difference displayed in the monosaccharidic composition and morphologies between CPS and RPS, but not the N levels. The changes of C/N in cells at different growth period indicate that the excretion of EPSs, a mechanism that maintains the balance of cell C/N ratio, only works when the N in the environment is sufficient. Our results showed that, as the raw material and environmental signal, environmental N concentration regulates the elements (C and N) percentage of cyanobacterial cells and its EPSs excretion pattern, but not the monosaccharidic composition or the morphologies. These results also implied that, as the essential self-protecting materials, more EPSs with higher proportion of CPS would be excreted to response the low N environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Qian
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xingwang Ye
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jingshang Xiao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Simeng Lin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yongfei Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lie Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Li Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Chemical structure and ACE inhibitory activity of polysaccharide from Artemisia vulgaris L. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu M, Shan S, Gao X, Zeng D, Lu W. Structure characterization and lipid-lowering activity of a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide from sweet tea (Rubus Suavissmus S. Lee). Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118757. [PMID: 34893212 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sweet tea (Rubus Suavissmus S. Lee) is consumed as herbal tea in southwestern China, which has multiple functions such as relieving cough, alleviating allergic responses, and clearing away heat. Here we report the structure and lipid-lowering activity of a sweet tea polysaccharide (STP-60a). STP-60a is a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 9.16 × 104 Da, and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid. The main backbone of STP-60a consists of β-L-Rhap-(1→, →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-UA-(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →3)-4-OAc-β-L-Arap-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→ and the side chain are α-L-Araf-(1→ and →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. Using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in a high-sugar diet as a model, we found that STP-60a significantly reduced the fat accumulation in the intestine of C. elegans, and extensively affected lipolysis, fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation processes. In addition, sbp-1 and nhr-49 were essential for STP-60a to exert a lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Deyong Zeng
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- Institute of Extreme Environment Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis, Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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35
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Effects of Cordyceps militaris extract and its mixture with silica nanoparticles on burn wound healing on mouse model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Wu HQ, Ma ZL, Zhang DX, Wu P, Guo YH, Yang F, Li DY. Sequential Extraction, Characterization, and Analysis of Pumpkin Polysaccharides for Their Hypoglycemic Activities and Effects on Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769181. [PMID: 34805250 PMCID: PMC8596442 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to extract polysaccharides from pumpkin, characterize the structures of four of them, and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. Additionally, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established and used to determine their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in vivo, and the underlying mechanisms related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Water-extracted crude pumpkin polysaccharides (W-CPPs), water extraction and alcohol precipitation crude pumpkin polysaccharides (WA-CPPs), deproteinized pumpkin polysaccharides (DPPs), and refined pumpkin polysaccharides (RPPs) were sequentially extracted and purified from pumpkin powder by hot water extraction, water extraction, and alcohol precipitation, deproteinization and DEAE-52 cellulose gel column, respectively. The extraction and purification methods had significant influence on the extraction yield, physicochemical properties, and in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities. W-CCP and RPPs had a significant positive free radical-scavenging capacities and inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RPP-3 not only inhibited the uptake of glucose in Caco-2 monolayer but also promoted the excretion of glucose, while RPP-2 had no inhibitory effect. Animal experiment results showed that W-CPP treatment significantly improved the T2DM symptoms in mice, which included lowering of fasting blood glucose (FBG), reducing insulin resistance (IR), and lowering of blood lipid levels. It increased the diversity of intestinal flora and reduced the harmful flora of model mice, which included Clostridium, Thermoanaerobe, Symbiotic bacteria, Deinococcus, Vibrio haematococcus, Proteus gamma, and Corio. At the family level, W-CPP (1,200 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, and the Akkermanaceae of Verrucobacterium became a biomarker. Pumpkin polysaccharides reshaped the intestinal flora by reducing Erysipelotrichaceae and increasing Akkermansia abundance, thereby improving blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the T2DM mice. Our results suggest that W-CCP and RPP-3 possess strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, and are potential candidates for food additives or natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Li Ma
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Xin Zhang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Guo
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yuan Li
- Wuhan Functional Food Engineering and Technology Research Center, School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Tu JQ, Liu HP, Wen YH, Chen P, Liu ZT. A novel polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus: Preparation, structural characteristics, thermal stabilities, and antioxidant activities in vitro. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13871. [PMID: 34402085 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide fraction (HEP) from Hericium erinaceus was successively isolated and purified in the present study. We researched its structure and thermal stabilities, and further studied its antioxidant activities in vitro. The results showed that HEP was an acid heteropolysaccharide, with an average molecular weight of approximately 19.7 kDa by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Ion chromatography indicated that HEP was mainly composed of fucose:galactose:glucose:mannose:gluconic acid (Fuc:Gal:Glu:Man:GlcA) in a molar ratio of 1:2.87:0.09:0.12:0.01. Additionally, Fourier-transformed infrared and NMR spectroscopy further demonstrated that HEP was a pyranose containing α-configuration, mainly consisting of α-1-4-Fuc and α-1-6-Gal as the main chain, with →3,6)-α-D-Man-(1→and→1,6)-Glc was branched, with α-D-GlcpA-(1 as T-terminal. The specific rotation of HEP was +55°; by the differential scanning calorimetry and the thermal stability measurement of thermogravimetric analysis for HEP showed that the pyrolysis process of HEP was mainly divided into two processes, and its melting point was 75.93℃. In vitro anti-oxidation experiments showed that HEP had a certain ability to scavenge DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anion, and ABTS radicals. It was found that HEP had a strong ability to scavenge DPPH-free radicals, and the highest scavenging rate could reach 91.72% ± 0.17%, which was basically equivalent to the scavenging ability of Vitamin C (Vc). Therefore, it was revealed that HEP might be used as a natural antioxidant component. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A novel polysaccharide (HEP) had a potent activity possibly due to its monosaccharide composition, sugar residues, and physicochemical properties. This research proved the potential of HEP in anti-oxidation and provided the possibility of developing new natural anti-oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ya-Hui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Pei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zi-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, PR China
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Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) with potential immunomodulatory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:729-739. [PMID: 34389393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A neutral polysaccharide designated as CMDP-1a (molecular mass 9.263 kDa) was isolated from Cucurbita moschata Duch through hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and column chromatography. On the basis of methylation, fourier-transform infrared, monosaccharide composition, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses, the structure of CMDP-1a was determined to be a backbone composed of α-1,4 linked glucopyranosyl residues with α-Glcp residue linkage at backbone C-6. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that CMDP-1a had a spherical conformation in solution. In immunostimulation assays, CMDP-1a promoted the proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages and significantly enhanced their pinocytic and phagocytic capacity. Furthermore, CMDP-1a induced the M1 polarization of original macrophages and the conversion of macrophages from M2 to M1, thereby modulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophages. These results indicated that CMDP-1a might be a potential immunomodulator for food purposes.
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Huang L, Zhao J, Wei Y, Yu G, Li F, Li Q. Structural characterization and mechanisms of macrophage immunomodulatory activity of a pectic polysaccharide from Cucurbita moschata Duch. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118288. [PMID: 34294314 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide (named CMDP-4b) with a molecular weight of 31.97 kDa was extracted from Cucurbita moschata Duch and purified by column chromatography. On the basis of methylation, Fourier-transform infrared, monosaccharide composition, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses, the structure of CMDP-4b was determined to be composed of an α-1,4-linked homogalacturonan backbone, which was slightly acetylated and highly methyl-esterified, and branched at the O-3 position of the →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→. Immunomodulatory assays showed that CMDP-4b not only induced the secretion of nitrous oxide and cytokines (i.e. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) but also promoted pinocytic and phagocytic activities of macrophages, suggesting that CMDP-4b possessed immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, toll-like receptor 4 and complement receptor 3 may play a critical role in CMDP-4b-induced macrophage activation through the NF-κB and the MAPKs signaling pathways. Our study provides the molecular basis for the potential use of CMDP-4b as a natural immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yunlu Wei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoyong Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Quanhong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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40
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Chemical structure of a novel heteroglycan polysaccharide isolated from the biomass of Ophiocordyceps Sobolifera. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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41
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Yang X, Lin P, Wang J, Liu N, Yin F, Shen N, Guo S. Purification, characterization and anti-atherosclerotic effects of the polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:890-904. [PMID: 33878353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one major cause of atherosclerosis, which is a basic pathological change of cardiovascular diseases. Polysaccharide is a water-soluble component with lipid-lowering effects. In this study, alkaline-extracted polysaccharides were obtained from the fruiting body of C. militaris. Polysaccharides were purified via anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. Their structural characteristics were investigated via chemical and spectroscopic methods. CM3I was mainly composed of →4)α-D-Glcp(1 → glycosyls and differed from starch due to the presence of →4,6)β-D-Glcp(1 → glycosyls. CM3II was characterized by its backbone, which was composed of →4)-β-D-Manp(1 → 6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 6)-β-D-Manp(1 → linked glycosyls, and especially the presence of O-methyl. Moreover, CM3II exhibited powerful anti-atherosclerotic effects via lowering plasma lipid levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The underlying mechanisms were attributed to its promoting effect on LXRα and inhibitory effect on SREBP-2. Collectively, CM3I and CM3II are different from the previously reported polysaccharides from C. militaris, and CM3II has a potential application in hypolipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Nuo Shen
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Zhang L, Wei X, Zhang R, Mozdziak PE, Si D, Ahmad B, Cheng Q, Tong Y. Design and Immunological Evaluation of a Hybrid Peptide as a Potent TLR2 Agonist by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:620370. [PMID: 33644058 PMCID: PMC7905067 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.620370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity is a versatile defensive response that is involved in protecting against disease by identifying and destroying self and non-self harmful substances. As a state of temporary or permanent immune dysfunction, immunosuppression can make an organism more susceptible to infection, organ injury, and cancer due to damage to the immune system. It has taken a long time to develop new immunomodulatory agents to prevent and treat immunosuppressive diseases. In recent years, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists have been reported to have profound effects on the immune system, and they are regarded as potent immunomodulatory candidates. TP5 and LL-37, the potent immunomodulatory agents, have been reported to produce a robust innate immune response by binding to TLR2. However, their development has been weakened by several concerns, such as potential cytotoxicity, weak physiological stability and poor immunomodulatory activity. To overcome these challenges, hybridization has been proposed. Therefore, six hybrid peptides (LTPa, LTPb, LTPc, TPLa, TPLb, and TPLc) were designed by combining the full-length TP5 with a characteristic fragment of LL-37 that included LL-37 (13-36), LL-37 (17-29), and LL-37 (13-31). LTPa, the most potent TLR2 agonist, was simply and effectively screened by molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effects of LTPa were confirmed by a CTX-immunosuppressed murine model, which demonstrated that LTPa successfully inhibit immunosuppression, increased immune organ indices, enhanced DC maturation, regulated T lymphocyte subsets, and increased cytokine and Ig contents. Our study also revealed that the immunomodulatory effects of LTPa are associated with binding to TLR2, forming TLR2 clusters, and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul E Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Gao G, Wang H, Zhou J, Rao P, Ke L, Lin JJ, Sun Pan B, Zhang Y, Wang Q. Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Proteoglycan-Lipid Nanoparticles from Freshwater Clam ( Corbicula fluminea Muller) Soup. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1610-1618. [PMID: 33501827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be prepared by several sophisticated processes but until now, it cannot be prepared by simple home cooking. Here, we report that two incidental food nanoparticles (iFNPs) consisting of proteoglycans and phytosterols were isolated from soup made from freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea Muller), a renowned folk remedy for liver problems in China and other parts of East Asia. These two bioactive iFNPs were obtained and characterized by anionic exchange chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering measurement. Their hydrodynamic diameters and ζ-potentials were 50 ± 0.2 nm and -28.0 mV and 67 ± 0.4 nm and -9.96 mV, respectively. FT-IR revealed that the proteoglycans in the particles contained α-type heteropolysaccharides. Both iFNPs were resistant to pH changes and separation by mechanical force but responsive to temperature changes. They effectively inhibited cholesterol uptake in vitro, which resonates with the traditional belief that freshwater clam soup provides hepatoprotective benefits. This study suggests that these two proteoglycan-lipid iFNPs are the active moieties and offers a supramolecular structure-based approach to study the function of such complex matrices derived from food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhen Gao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jianwu Zhou
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Pingfan Rao
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Lijing Ke
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Jen Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202, Taiwan
| | - Bonnie Sun Pan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202, Taiwan
| | - Yue Zhang
- Food Nutrition Sciences Centre, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Moutan Cortex and its ameliorative effect on AGEs-induced diabetic nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:589-600. [PMID: 33581205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structure of a new heteropolysaccharide (MC-Pa) from Moutan Cortex (MC), and its protection on diabetic nephropathy (DN). The MC-Pa composed of D-glucose and L-arabinose (3.31:2.25) was characterized with homogeneous molecular weight of 1.64 × 105 Da, and the backbone was 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 5-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3,5-α-L-Araf-(1→, branched partially at O-3 with α-L-Araf-(1 → residue with methylated-GC-MS and NMR. Furthermore, MC-Pa possessed strong antioxidant activity in vitro and inhibited the production of ROS caused by AGEs. In vivo, MC-Pa could alleviate mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis of DN rats in histopathology and MC-Pa could decrease significantly the serum levels of AGEs and RAGE. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that MC-Pa can reduce the expression of main protein (FN and Col IV) of extracellular-matrix, down-regulate the production of inflammatory factors (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), and therefore regulate the pathway of TGF-β1. The above indicated that MC-Pa has an improving effect on DN.
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Thanh VH, Le Thao My P, Do Dat T, Viet ND, Phuc NCM, Thao NH, Nam HM, Phong MT, Hieu NH. Integrating of Aqueous Enzymolysis with Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate Cordycepin Content from Vietnamese
Cordyceps militaris
and Biological Analysis of Extracts. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Hoai Thanh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Phan Le Thao My
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Tran Do Dat
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Viet
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cao Minh Phuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngo Hong Thao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Zhang M, Fan S, Hao M, Hou H, Zheng H, Darwesh OM. Improving the production of fungal exopolysaccharides with application of repeated batch fermentation technology coupling with foam separation in the presence of surfactant. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chemical structure and mechanism of polysaccharide on Pb 2+ tolerance of Cordyceps militaris after Pb 2+ domestication. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:958-969. [PMID: 33022349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the purified polysaccharide (DCP-I) was extracted from Cordyceps militaris domesticated with Pb2+. After that, the structural feature and mechanism of lead resistance of DCP-I were investigated using novel approaches. The results showed that the average molecular weight of DCP-I was 1.206 × 103 kDa and mainly consist of Rhamnose, Galactose, Glucose, Galacturonic acid and Glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 0.130:47.687:40.784:1.795:0.48. Besides, the main chain of DCP-I was composed by →6)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→ and →1,4)-Glcp-(6→, while the side chain was →1)-Rhaf-(2→ and D-Glcp-(1→, and the DCP-I contained Alacturonic acid and Glucuronic acid. In addition, the result of Congo red test showed that DCP-I did not exist triple-helical structures. SEM, EDX and XPS analyses results showed that the functional groups of DCP-I related to C, H and O (-OH, -COOH and -C=O) could combined with Pb2+effectively. The adsorption processes were described by the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9978) and Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9979) for Pb2+ indicating that adsorption process of DCP-I to Pb2+ was a kind of single molecular layer chemical adsorption.
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Lee CT, Huang KS, Shaw JF, Chen JR, Kuo WS, Shen G, Grumezescu AM, Holban AM, Wang YT, Wang JS, Hsiang YP, Lin YM, Hsu HH, Yang CH. Trends in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Cordyceps militaris: Total Extracts, Polysaccharides and Cordycepin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:575704. [PMID: 33328984 PMCID: PMC7735063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.575704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a fungus with a long history of widespread use in folk medicine, and its biological and medicinal functions are well studied. A crucial pharmacological effect of C. militaris is immunomodulation. In this review, we catalog the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris, namely total extracts, polysaccharides and cordycepin. Total extracts obtained using water or 50% ethyl alcohol and polysaccharides from C. militaris were discovered to tend to promote type 1 immunity, whereas total extracts obtained using 70-80% ethyl alcohol and cordycepin from C. militaris were more likely to promote type 2 immunity. This article is the first to classify the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris. In addition, we discovered a relationship between different segments or extracts and differing types of immunity. This review can provide the readers a comprehensive understanding on the immunomodulatory effects of the precious folk medicine and guidance on its use for both health people and those with an immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Lee
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Amulette Chinese Medicine Clinic, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shuo Kuo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Gangxu Shen
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sheng Wang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsiang
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Hsu
- Amulette Chinese Medicine Clinic, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Yang R, Li Y, Cai J, Ji J, Wang Y, Zhang W, Pan W, Chen Y. Polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia ameliorate insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:9675-9685. [PMID: 33057558 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia mainly due to insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of polysaccharides from Armillariella tabescens mycelia (AT) on insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet in combination with streptozotocin to induce T2DM. Following treatment with different doses of AT, hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism dysfunction, insulin resistance, and hepatic function-related indices were markedly ameliorated; the histopathological alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction in hepatic tissue were also alleviated; most importantly, AT inhibited the expression of hepatic thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) to repress the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and activated the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in a dose-dependent manner in T2DM mice. In conclusion, these findings revealed that the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of AT were associated with the alleviation of insulin resistance through repression of the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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Hao Y, Sun H, Zhang X, Wu L, Zhu Z. A novel acid polysaccharide from fermented broth of Pleurotus citrinopileatus: Hypoglycemic activity in vitro and chemical structure. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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