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Dermol Š, Borin B, Gregor-Svetec D, Slemenik Perše L, Lavrič G. The Development of a Bacterial Nanocellulose/Cationic Starch Hydrogel for the Production of Sustainable 3D-Printed Packaging Foils. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1527. [PMID: 38891473 PMCID: PMC11174455 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymers have become an important part of everyday life, but most of the polymers currently used are petroleum-based. This poses an environmental problem, especially with respect to products that are quickly discarded. For this reason, current packaging development focuses on sustainable materials as an alternative to synthetic ones. Nanocellulose, a relatively new material derived from cellulose, has unique properties such as high strength, low density, high surface area, and good barrier properties, making it popular in various applications. Additionally, 3D printing technologies have become an important part of industrial and commercial processes, enabling the realization of innovative ideas and functionalities. The main aim of this research was to develop a hydrogel of bacterial nanocellulose with suitable rheological properties for the 3D printing of polymer foils. Three variations of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel differing in ratios of bacterial nanocellulose to cationic starch were produced. The rheological studies confirmed the suitability of the hydrogels for 3D printing. Foils were successfully 3D-printed using a modified 3D printer. The physical-mechanical, surface, and optical properties of the foils were determined. All foils were homogeneous with adequate mechanical properties. The 3D-printed foils with the highest amount of cationic starch were the most homogeneous and transparent and, despite their rigidity, very strong. All foils were semi-transparent, had a non-glossy surface, and retained poor water wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Dermol
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Pulp and Paper Institute, Bogišićeva ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Bojan Borin
- Pulp and Paper Institute, Bogišićeva ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Diana Gregor-Svetec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lidija Slemenik Perše
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gregor Lavrič
- Pulp and Paper Institute, Bogišićeva ulica 8, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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2
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Kang S, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang X, Ahmad M, Khan MR, Zhu W, Guo J, Jin Y, Xiao H, Song J. Morphology-induced differences in adsorption behaviors and strength enhancement performance for fiber networks between quaternized amylose and amylopectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125013. [PMID: 37224910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cationic starch is the most widely used paper strength additive for papermaking wet end applications. However, it remains unclear how differently quaternized amylose (QAM) and amylopectin (QAP) are adsorbed on the fiber surface and their relative contribution to the inter-fiber bonding of papers. Herein, separated amylose and amylopectin were quaternized with different degrees of substitution (DS). After that, the adsorption behaviors of QAM and QAP on the fiber surface, the viscoelastic properties of the adlayers and their strength enhancement to fiber networks were comparatively characterized. Based on the results, the morphology visualizations of the starch structure displayed a strong impact on the adsorbed structural distributions of QAM and QAP. QAM adlayer with a helical linear or slightly branched structure was thin and rigid, while the QAP adlayer with a highly branched structure was thick and soft. In addition, the DS, pH and ionic strength had some impacts on the adsorption layer as well. Regarding the paper strength enhancement, the DS of QAM correlated positively to the paper strength, whereas the DS of QAP correlated inversely. The results provide a deep understanding of the impacts of starch morphology on performance and offer us some practical guidelines in starch selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Kang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhenghong Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yena Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Sampl C, Schaubeder J, Hirn U, Spirk S. Interplay of electrolyte concentration and molecular weight of polyDADMAC on cellulose surface adsorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124286. [PMID: 37011749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polyelectrolytes (PEs) are commonly used additives in manufacturing of cellulose based products such as regenerated fibers and paper to tailor their product properties. Here we are studying the adsorption of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PD, on cellulose, using in situ surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) measurements. We employ model surfaces from regenerated cellulose xanthate (CX) and trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC), mimicking industrially relevant regenerated cellulose substrates. The effects of the PDs molecular weight were strongly depending on the ionic strength and type of electrolyte (NaCl vs CaCl2). Without electrolytes, the adsorption was monolayer-type, i.e. independent of molecular weight. At moderate ionic strength, adsorption increased due to more pronounced PE coiling, while at high ionic strength electrostatic shielding strongly reduced adsorption of PDs. Results exhibited pronounced differences for the chosen substrates (cellulose regenerated from xanthate (CXreg) vs. regenerated from trimethylsilyl cellulose, TMSCreg). Consistently higher adsorbed amounts of the PD were determined on CXreg surfaces compared TMSC. This can be attributed to a more negative zeta potential, a higher AFM roughness and a higher degree of swelling (investigated by QCM-D) of the CXreg substrates.
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4
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Xylan-cellulose thin film platform for assessing xylanase activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Su N. Preparation and performance of retention and drainage aid made of cationic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes. E-POLYMERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Spherical polymer brushes were synthesized by grafting acrylamide from the surface of γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy-silane-modified SiO2 nanoparticles. Then, cationic spherical polyacrylamide (CSPAM) brushes were obtained by a manniched polyacrylamide (PAM). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography were introduced to analyze the structure, morphology, and molecular weight of CSPAM, respectively. The effects of pH and the dosage of CSPAM on the flocculation of fine pulp and precipitated calcium carbonate were studied. Furthermore, the optimal drainage performance could be achieved when the beating degree (°SR) decreased by about 14.42% with the dosage of CSPAM of 2 mg·g−1. The retention effect of CSPAM revealed that the highest first-pass retention was 71.1% when the dosage of CSPAM was 3.5 mg·g−1. In addition, the mechanism of retention and drainage of CSPAM was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Su
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, School of Shanghai Publishing and Printing College , Shanghai 200093 , China
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200125 , China
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Arumughan V, Nypelö T, Hasani M, Larsson A. Fundamental aspects of the non-covalent modification of cellulose via polymer adsorption. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 298:102529. [PMID: 34773888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increasing need for new material applications based on cellulose demands increased functional diversity and thus new functionalisation/modification approaches. The non-covalent modification of cellulose fibres via the adsorption of functional polymers has emerged as a promising route for tailoring the properties of material. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of polymer adsorption on cellulose surfaces, where the adsorption of polyelectrolytes and non-polyelectrolytes are treated separately. Adsorption studies on model surfaces as well as cellulose macro-fibres are reviewed. A correlation of the adsorption findings with the Scheutjens-Fleer polymer adsorption theory is provided, allowing the fundamentals behind the polymer adsorption phenomenon and its context in utilization of cellulose fibres to be understood.
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Acipreste Hudson E, Campos de Paula HM, Coelho YL, Glanzmann N, da Silva AD, Mendes da Silva LH, Dos Santos Pires AC. The kinetics of formation of resveratrol-β-cyclodextrin-NH 2 and resveratrol analog-β-cyclodextrin-NH 2 supramolecular complexes. Food Chem 2021; 366:130612. [PMID: 34311236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the kinetics of inclusion processes is significant for the application of inclusion complexes as carriers for bioactive molecules. We determined the kinetic parameters of inclusion between modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-NH2) and the polyphenols resveratrol (RES) and its structural analog (RESAn1), using the real-time analysis of surface plasmon resonance. The association and dissociation rate constants (ka and kd) showed that RESAn1 inclusion and its dissociation from β-CD-NH2 were faster than a similar process for RES ( [Formula: see text] = 3.10∙104 ± 0.14 M-1s-1, [Formula: see text] =1.87∙103 ± 0.11 M-1s-1; [Formula: see text] =0.39 ± 0.02 s-1, [Formula: see text] =0.30 ± 0.02 s-1, at 25 °C). The activated complex formation was also affected by the structural differences between the polyphenols, as showed by the activation energies of the association step ( [Formula: see text] 14.81 ± 0.64 kJ∙mol-1, [Formula: see text] -15.01 ± 0.75 to 82.35 ± 4.47 kJ∙mol-1). These effects of polyphenol structural differences are due to the desolvation process of interacting molecules. These results elucidate the role of small group to the dynamics of the molecular inclusion of β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliara Acipreste Hudson
- Applied Molecular Thermodynamic Group (THERMA), Food Technology Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hauster Maximiler Campos de Paula
- Colloidal and Macromolecular Green Chemistry Group (QUIVECOM), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Luiza Coelho
- Colloidal and Macromolecular Green Chemistry Group (QUIVECOM), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Glanzmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences (I. C. E.), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson David da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences (I. C. E.), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Mendes da Silva
- Colloidal and Macromolecular Green Chemistry Group (QUIVECOM), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clarissa Dos Santos Pires
- Applied Molecular Thermodynamic Group (THERMA), Food Technology Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Vicosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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8
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Sharma M, Aguado R, Murtinho D, Valente AJM, Ferreira PJT. Novel approach on the synthesis of starch betainate by transesterification. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1681-1689. [PMID: 34052268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transesterification of starch with methyl betainate was studied for the first time, both in aprotic media and in solid state, and both under alkaline and acidic conditions. Betaine hydrochloride was first esterified in methanol, attaining a conversion of 86%. Starch was then converted into starch betainate in either N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, and using sulfuric acid as catalyst or pre-activating the polymer in NaOH/ethanol. Furthermore, solid-state transesterification was carried out in a ball mill, for which sulfuric acid was replaced with the less corrosive sulfamic acid. Cationic starch esters were characterised by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, viscometry, optical microscopy (in water) and scanning electron microscopy (dry). In solution, the process attained degrees of substitution up to 0.4. No by-products, dehydration, oxidation or colouring were detected, but starch underwent severe depolymerization in wet media. In solid state, whilst the resulting degree of substitution was lower, degradation was minimal. In any case, transesterification, with its variety of possibilities, yields cationic starches that offer a promising alternative to conventional ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberto Aguado
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Dina Murtinho
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur J M Valente
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J T Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sampl C, Eyley S, Thielemans W, Hirn U, Spirk S. Real-time adsorption of optical brightening agents on cellulose thin films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117826. [PMID: 33766333 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Optical brightening agents (OBAs) are commonly used in textile and paper industry to adjust product brightness and color appearence. Continuous production processes lead to short residence time of the dyes in the fiber suspension, making it necessary to understand the kinetics of adsorption. The interaction mechanisms of OBAs with cellulose are challenging to establish as the fibrous nature of cellulosic substrates complicates acquisition of real-time data. Here, we explore the real-time adsorption of different OBAs (di, tetra- and hexasulfonated compounds) onto different cellulose surfaces using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Ionic strength, surface topography and polarity were varied and yielded 0.76-11.35 mg m-2 OBA on cellulose. We identified four independent mechanisms governing OBA-cellulose interactions. These involve the polarity of the cellulose surface, the solubility of the OBA, the ionic strength during adsorption and presence of bivalent cations such as Ca2+. These results can be exploited for process optimization in related industries as they allow for a simple adjustment and experimental testing procedures including performance assessment of novel OBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sampl
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Samuel Eyley
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Sustainable Materials Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Vilaró P, Sampl C, Teichert G, Schlemmer W, Hobisch M, Weissl M, Panizzolo L, Ferreira F, Spirk S. Interactions and Dissociation Constants of Galactomannan Rendered Cellulose Films with Concavalin A by SPR Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3040. [PMID: 33353119 PMCID: PMC7766192 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of biomolecules at interfaces are important for a variety of physiological processes. Among these, interactions of lectins with monosaccharides have been investigated extensively in the past, while polysaccharide-lectin interactions have scarcely been investigated. Here, we explore the adsorption of galactomannans (GM) extracted from Prosopis affinis on cellulose thin films determined by a combination of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (MP-SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The galactomannan adsorbs spontaneously on the cellulose surfaces forming monolayer type coverage (0.60 ± 0.20 mg·m-2). The interaction of a lectin, Concavalin A (ConA), with these GM rendered cellulose surfaces using MP-SPR has been investigated and the dissociation constant KD (2.1 ± 0.8 × 10-8 M) was determined in a range from 3.4 to 27.3 nM. The experiments revealed that the galactose side chains as well as the mannose reducing end of the GM are weakly interacting with the active sites of the lectins, whereas these interactions are potentially amplified by hydrophobic effects between the non-ionic GM and the lectins, thereby leading to an irreversible adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Vilaró
- Sede Tacuarembó, Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Universidad de la República, CENUR Nores-te. Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay; (P.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Carina Sampl
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Gundula Teichert
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Werner Schlemmer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Weissl
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Luis Panizzolo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Avenida General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Sede Tacuarembó, Espacio de Ciencia y Tecnología Química, Universidad de la República, CENUR Nores-te. Ruta 5 Km 386, Tacuarembó 45000, Uruguay; (P.V.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (C.S.); (G.T.); (W.S.); (M.H.); (M.W.)
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Huang S, Wang N, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Zheng J. Physical, thermal and structural properties of rice starch as affected by the addition of bamboo shoot shell fibres. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing400715China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education (Southwest University) Chongqing400715China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing400715China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education (Southwest University) Chongqing400715China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing400715China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education (Southwest University) Chongqing400715China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing400715China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education (Southwest University) Chongqing400715China
| | - Jiong Zheng
- College of Food Science Southwest University Chongqing400715China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Science and Technology Education (Southwest University) Chongqing400715China
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12
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A review on cationic starch and nanocellulose as paper coating components. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:578-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Ferstl E, Gabriel M, Gomernik F, Müller SM, Selinger J, Thaler F, Bauer W, Uhlig F, Spirk S, Chemelli A. Investigation of the Adsorption Behavior of Jet-Cooked Cationic Starches on Pulp Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102249. [PMID: 33003651 PMCID: PMC7600892 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimization of the thermal treatment of cationic starch in the paper industry offers the opportunity to reduce the energy consumption of this process. Four different industrially relevant cationic starches, varying in source, cationization method and degree of substitution were treated by a steam-jet cooking procedure, comparable to industrially employed starch cooking processes. The influence of the starch properties and cooking parameters on the adsorption behavior of the starches on cellulosic pulp was investigated. The adsorbed amount was affected by the cooking temperature and the type of starch. For some starch grades, a cooking temperature of 115 °C can be employed to achieve sufficient starch retention on the pulp fibers. The energy consumption could further be reduced by cooking at higher starch concentrations without loss of adsorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ferstl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.F.); (F.T.); (F.U.)
| | - Martin Gabriel
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Florian Gomernik
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefanie Monika Müller
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Julian Selinger
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ferula Thaler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.F.); (F.T.); (F.U.)
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.F.); (F.T.); (F.U.)
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.G.); (F.G.); (S.M.M.); (J.S.); (W.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Angela Chemelli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.F.); (F.T.); (F.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-873-32115
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14
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Chemelli A, Gomernik F, Thaler F, Huber A, Hirn U, Bauer W, Spirk S. Cationic starches in paper-based applications-A review on analytical methods. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115964. [PMID: 32122498 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on cationic starches with a low degree of substitution (<0.06) which are mainly used for production of paper-based products. After a brief introduction on starch in general, cationization pathways and importance of cationic starches in paper production, this review emphasizes on the analytical challenges from different perspectives. These include the different length scales of starches when in solution: the macromolecular level, their assembly into nm aggregates and finally hydrocolloids with hundreds of nanometers of diameter. We give an overview on the current state of the art on the analysis of such challenging samples and aim at providing a guideline for obtaining and presenting reliable analytical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chemelli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Gomernik
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ferula Thaler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Huber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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15
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Kontturi E, Spirk S. Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: A Materials Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:488. [PMID: 31380342 PMCID: PMC6652239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A literature review on ultrathin films of cellulose is presented. The review focuses on different deposition methods of the films-all the way from simple monocomponent films to more elaborate multicomponent structures-and the use of the film structures in the vast realm of materials science. The common approach of utilizing cellulose thin films as experimental models is therefore omitted. The reader will find that modern usage of cellulose thin films constitutes an exciting emerging area within materials science and it goes far beyond the traditional usage of the films as model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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16
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Sampl C, Niegelhell K, Reishofer D, Resel R, Spirk S, Hirn U. Multilayer Density Analysis of Cellulose Thin Films. Front Chem 2019; 7:251. [PMID: 31041311 PMCID: PMC6476991 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach for the multilayer density analysis of polysaccharide thin films at the example of cellulose is presented. In detail, a model was developed for the evaluation of the density in different layers across the thickness direction of the film. The cellulose thin film was split into a so called "roughness layer" present at the surface and a "bulk layer" attached to the substrate surface. For this approach, a combination of multi-parameter surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to detect changes in the properties, such as cellulose content and density, thickness and refractive index, of the surface near layer and the bulk layer. The surface region of the films featured a much lower density than the bulk. Further, these results correlate to X-ray reflectivity studies, indicating a similar layered structure with reduced density at the surface near regions. The proposed method provides an approach to analyse density variations in thin films which can be used to study material properties and swelling behavior in different layers of the films. Limitations and challenges of the multilayer model evaluation method of cellulose thin films were discussed. This particularly involves the selection of the starting values for iteration of the layer thickness of the top layer, which was overcome by incorporation of AFM data in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Sampl
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hirn
- Institute for Paper, Pulp and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- CD-Laboratory for Fibre Swelling and Paper Performance, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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17
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Schlemmer W, Zankel A, Niegelhell K, Hobisch M, Süssenbacher M, Zajki-Zechmeister K, Weissl M, Reishofer D, Plank H, Spirk S. Deposition of Cellulose-Based Thin Films on Flexible Substrates. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122433. [PMID: 30513642 PMCID: PMC6316936 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates flexible (polyamide 6.6 PA-6.6, polyethylene terephthalate PET, Cu, Al, and Ni foils) and, for comparison, stiff substrates (silicon wafers and glass) differing in, for example, in surface free energy and surface roughness and their ability to host cellulose-based thin films. Trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC), a hydrophobic acid-labile cellulose derivative, was deposited on these substrates and subjected to spin coating. For all the synthetic polymer and metal substrates, rather homogenous films were obtained, where the thickness and the roughness of the films correlated with the substrate roughness and its surface free energy. A particular case was the TMSC layer on the copper foil, which exhibited superhydrophobicity caused by the microstructuring of the copper substrate. After the investigation of TMSC film formation, the conversion to cellulose using acidic vapors of HCl was attempted. While for the polymer foils, as well as for glass and silicon, rather homogenous and smooth cellulose films were obtained, for the metal foils, there is a competing reaction between the formation of metal chlorides and the generation of cellulose. We observed particles corresponding to the metal chlorides, while we could not detect any cellulose thin films after HCl treatment of the metal foils as proven by cross-section imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Schlemmer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mathias Hobisch
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Süssenbacher
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Michael Weissl
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fibre Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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18
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Niegelhell K, Ganner T, Plank H, Jantscher-Krenn E, Spirk S. Lectins at Interfaces-An Atomic Force Microscopy and Multi-Parameter-Surface Plasmon Resonance Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2348. [PMID: 30469499 PMCID: PMC6316747 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a diverse class of carbohydrate binding proteins with pivotal roles in cell communication and signaling in many (patho)physiologic processes in the human body, making them promising targets in drug development, for instance, in cancer or infectious diseases. Other applications of lectins employ their ability to recognize specific glycan epitopes in biosensors and glycan microarrays. While a lot of research has focused on lectin interaction with specific carbohydrates, the interaction potential of lectins with different types of surfaces has not been addressed extensively. Here, we screen the interaction of two specific plant lectins, Concanavalin A and Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin-I with different nanoscopic thin films. As a control, the same experiments were performed with Bovine Serum Albumin, a widely used marker for non-specific protein adsorption. In order to test the preferred type of interaction during adsorption, hydrophobic, hydrophilic and charged polymer films were explored, such as polystyrene, cellulose, N,-N,-N-trimethylchitosan chloride and gold, and characterized in terms of wettability, surface free energy, zeta potential and morphology. Atomic force microscopy images of surfaces after protein adsorption correlated very well with the observed mass of adsorbed protein. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy studies revealed low adsorbed amounts and slow kinetics for all of the investigated proteins for hydrophilic surfaces, making those resistant to non-specific interactions. As a consequence, they may serve as favorable supports for biosensors, since the use of blocking agents is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Ganner
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute for Paper-, Pulp- and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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