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Xi Y, Hu L, Chen X, Zuo L, Bai X, Du W, Xu N. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Polysaccharide from Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Incorporated in PVA/Pectin Hydrogels Accelerate Wound Healing. Molecules 2024; 29:1423. [PMID: 38611703 PMCID: PMC11012603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In cutaneous wound healing, an overproduction of inflammatory chemokines and bacterial infections impedes the process. Hydrogels can maintain a physiologically moist microenvironment, absorb chemokines, prevent bacterial infection, inhibit bacterial reproduction, and facilitate wound healing at a wound site. The development of hydrogels provides a novel treatment strategy for the entire wound repair process. Here, a series of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi polysaccharide extracts loaded with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin hydrogels were successfully fabricated through the freeze-thaw method. A hydrogel containing a 1% mixing weight ratio of FLL-E (named PVA-P-FLL-E1) demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties such as swellability, water retention, degradability, porosity, 00drug release, transparency, and adhesive strength. Notably, this hydrogel exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. Moreover, the crosslinked hydrogel, PVA-P-FLL-E1, displayed multifunctional attributes, including significant antibacterial properties, earlier re-epithelialization, production of few inflammatory cells, the formation of collagen fibers, deposition of collagen I, and faster remodeling of the ECM. Consequently, the PVA-P-FLL-E1 hydrogel stands out as a promising wound dressing due to its superior formulation and enhanced healing effects in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (Y.X.); (X.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Lianxin Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (Y.X.); (X.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Lili Zuo
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (Y.X.); (X.C.); (W.D.)
| | - Na Xu
- Office of Educational Administration, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
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Dayal A, Pan JM, Kwan SP, Ackermann M, Khalil HA, Mentzer SJ. Facilitated Transport across Glycocalyceal Barriers in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 38201668 PMCID: PMC10781099 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to visceral organs offers the possibility of not only limiting the required dose, but also minimizing drug toxicity; however, there is no reliable method for delivering drugs to the surface of visceral organs. Here, we used six color tracers and the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to investigate the use of the heteropolysaccharide pectin to facilitate tracer diffusion across the glycocalyceal charge barrier. The color tracers included brilliant blue, Congo red, crystal violet, indocyanine green, methylene blue, and methyl green. The direct application of the tracers to the CAM surface or embedding tracers into linear-chain nanocellulose fiber films resulted in no significant diffusion into the CAM. In contrast, when the tracers were actively loaded into branched-chain pectin films, there was significant detectable diffusion of the tracers into the CAM. The facilitated diffusion was observed in the three cationic tracers but was limited in the three anionic tracers. Diffusion appeared to be dependent on ionic charge, but independent of tracer size or molecular mass. We conclude that dye-loaded pectin films facilitated the diffusion of color tracers across the glycocalyceal charge barrier and may provide a therapeutic path for drug delivery to the surface of visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuhya Dayal
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Jennifer M. Pan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Stacey P. Kwan
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.D.); (J.M.P.); (S.P.K.); (H.A.K.)
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Popov S, Paderin N, Chistiakova E, Ptashkin D, Vityazev F, Markov PA, Erokhin KS. Effect of Chitosan on Rheological, Mechanical, and Adhesive Properties of Pectin-Calcium Gel. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:375. [PMID: 37504906 PMCID: PMC10381555 DOI: 10.3390/md21070375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan was included in the pectin ionotropic gel to improve its mechanical and bioadhesive properties. Pectin-chitosan gels P-Ch0, P-Ch1, P-Ch2, and P-Ch3 of chitosan weight fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 were prepared and characterized by dynamic rheological tests, penetration tests, and serosal adhesion ex vivo assays. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) values, gel hardness, and elasticity of P-Ch1 were significantly higher than those of P-Ch0 gel. However, a further increase in the content of chitosan in the gel significantly reduced these parameters. The inclusion of chitosan into the pectin gel led to a decrease in weight and an increase in hardness during incubation in Hanks' solution at pH 5.0, 7.4, and 8.0. The adhesion of P-Ch1 and P-Ch2 to rat intestinal serosa ex vivo was 1.3 and 1.7 times stronger, whereas that of P-Ch3 was similar to that of a P-Ch0 gel. Pre-incubation in Hanks' solution at pH 5.0 and 7.4 reduced the adhesivity of gels; however, the adhesivity of P-Ch1 and P-Ch2 exceeded that of P-Ch0 and P-Ch3. Thus, serosal adhesion combined with higher mechanical stability in a wide pH range appeared to be advantages of the inclusion of chitosan into pectin gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Popov
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesk", 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Nikita Paderin
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesk", 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Chistiakova
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesk", 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Dmitry Ptashkin
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesk", 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Fedor Vityazev
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencesk", 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Pavel A Markov
- The Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneologyk", 121099 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill S Erokhin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Liu BS, Sutlive J, Wagner WL, Khalil HA, Chen Z, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Geometric and network organization of visceral organ epithelium. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 3:1144186. [PMID: 37234691 PMCID: PMC10208427 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2023.1144186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian epithelia form a continuous sheet of cells that line the surface of visceral organs. To analyze the epithelial organization of the heart, lung, liver and bowel, epithelial cells were labeled in situ, isolated as a single layer and imaged as large epithelial digitally combine montages. The stitched epithelial images were analyzed for geometric and network organization. Geometric analysis demonstrated a similar polygon distribution in all organs with the greatest variability in the heart epithelia. Notably, the normal liver and inflated lung demonstrated the largest average cell surface area (p < 0.01). In lung epithelia, characteristic wavy or interdigitated cell boundaries were observed. The prevalence of interdigitations increased with lung inflation. To complement the geometric analyses, the epithelia were converted into a network of cell-to-cell contacts. Using the open-source software EpiGraph, subgraph (graphlet) frequencies were used to characterize epithelial organization and compare to mathematical (Epi-Hexagon), random (Epi-Random) and natural (Epi-Voronoi5) patterns. As expected, the patterns of the lung epithelia were independent of lung volume. In contrast, liver epithelia demonstrated a pattern distinct from lung, heart and bowel epithelia (p < 0.05). We conclude that geometric and network analyses can be useful tools in characterizing fundamental differences in mammalian tissue topology and epithelial organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S. Liu
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joseph Sutlive
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Willi L. Wagner
- Translational Lung Research Center, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Liu BS, Liao M, Wagner WL, Khalil HA, Chen Z, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Biomechanics of a Plant-Derived Sealant for Corneal Injuries. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37204800 PMCID: PMC10204774 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.5.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The corneal epithelium has a glycocalyx composed of membrane-associated glycoproteins, mucins, and galactin-3. Similar to the glycocalyx in visceral tissues, the corneal glycocalyx functions to limit fluid loss and minimize frictional forces. Recently, the plant-derived heteropolysaccharide pectin has been shown to physically entangle with the visceral organ glycocalyx. The ability of pectin to entangle with the corneal epithelium is unknown. Methods To explore the potential role of pectin as a corneal bioadhesive, we assessed the adhesive characteristics of pectin films in a bovine globe model. Results Pectin film was flexible, translucent, and low profile (80 µm thick). Molded in tape form, pectin films were significantly more adherent to the bovine cornea than control biopolymers of nanocellulose fibers, sodium hyaluronate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (P < 0.05). Adhesion strength was near maximal within seconds of contact. Compatible with wound closure under tension, the relative adhesion strength was greatest at a peel angle less than 45 degrees. The corneal incisions sealed with pectin film were resistant to anterior chamber pressure fluctuations ranging from negative 51.3 ± 8.9 mm Hg to positive 214 ± 68.6 mm Hg. Consistent with these findings, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a low-profile film densely adherent to the bovine cornea. Finally, the adhesion of the pectin films facilitated the en face harvest of the corneal epithelium without physical dissection or enzymatic digestion. Conclusions We conclude that pectin films strongly adhere to the corneal glycocalyx. Translational Relevance The plant-derived pectin biopolymer provides potential utility for corneal wound healing as well as targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S. Liu
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Liao
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willi L. Wagner
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Floess M, Steinle T, Werner F, Wang Y, Wagner WL, Steinle V, Liu BS, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ, Giessen H. 3D stimulated Raman spectral imaging of water dynamics associated with pectin-glycocalyceal entanglement. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1460-1471. [PMID: 37078053 PMCID: PMC10110326 DOI: 10.1364/boe.485314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide responsible for the structural integrity of the cell walls of terrestrial plants. When applied to the surface of mammalian visceral organs, pectin films form a strong physical bond with the surface glycocalyx. A potential mechanism of pectin adhesion to the glycocalyx is the water-dependent entanglement of pectin polysaccharide chains with the glycocalyx. A better understanding of such fundamental mechanisms regarding the water transport dynamics in pectin hydrogels is of importance for medical applications, e.g., surgical wound sealing. We report on the water transport dynamics in hydrating glass-phase pectin films with particular emphasis on the water content at the pectin-glycocalyceal interface. We used label-free 3D stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectral imaging to provide insights into the pectin-tissue adhesive interface without the confounding effects of sample fixation, dehydration, shrinkage, or staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Floess
- 4 Physics Institute and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias Steinle
- 4 Physics Institute and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Werner
- 4 Physics Institute and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yunshan Wang
- 4 Physics Institute and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Willi L. Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 156, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Steinle
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betty S. Liu
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4 Physics Institute and Stuttgart Research Center of Photonic Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Popov S, Paderin N, Chistiakova E, Ptashkin D. Serosal Adhesion Ex Vivo of Hydrogels Prepared from Apple Pectin Cross-Linked with Fe 3+ Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021248. [PMID: 36674765 PMCID: PMC9861213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the adhesion of a hydrogel made of cross-linked low-methyl esterified pectin to rat intestinal serosa ex vivo. The adhesivity of the FeP hydrogel, which was cross-linked by Fe3+ cations, exceeded that of hydrogels cross-linked by Ca2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ cations. The concentration of the cross-linking cation failed to influence the adhesion of the pectin hydrogel to the serosa. The mechanical properties and surface microrelief of the pectin hydrogel were influenced by the type and concentration of the cross-linking cations. Fe3+ cations form a harder and more elastic gel than Ca2+ cations. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the characteristic surface pattern of FeP hydrogel and its denser internal structure compared to Ca2+ cross-linked hydrogel. The effect of the salt composition of the adhesion medium was shown since the FeP hydrogel's adhesion to the serosa was lower in physiological solutions than in water, and adhesion in Hanks' solution was higher than in phosphate buffered saline. Serum proteins and peritoneal leukocytes did not interfere with the serosal adhesion of the FeP hydrogel. Pre-incubation in Hanks' solution for 24 h significantly reduced the adhesion of the FeP hydrogel to the serosa, regardless of the pH of the incubation. Thus, serosal adhesion combined with excellent stability and mechanical properties in physiological environments appeared to be advantages of the FeP hydrogel, demonstrating it to be a promising bioadhesive for tissue engineering.
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Active Loading of Pectin Hydrogels for Targeted Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010092. [PMID: 36616442 PMCID: PMC9824191 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels provide a promising method for the targeted delivery of protein drugs. Loading the protein drug into the hydrogel free volume can be challenging due to limited quantities of the drug (e.g., growth factor) and complex physicochemical properties of the hydrogel. Here, we investigated both passive and active loading of the heteropolysaccharide hydrogel pectin. Passive loading of glass phase pectin films was evaluated by contact angles and fractional thickness of the pectin films. Four pectin sources demonstrated mean contact angles of 88° with water and 122° with pleural fluid (p < 0.05). Slow kinetics and evaporative losses precluded passive loading. In contrast, active loading of the translucent pectin films was evaluated with the colorimetric tracer methylene blue. Active loading parameters were systematically varied and recorded at 500 points/s. The distribution of the tracer was evaluated by image morphometry. Active loading of the tracer into the pectin films required the optimization of probe velocity, compression force, and contact time. We conclude that active loading using pectin-specific conditions is required for the efficient embedding of low viscosity liquids into pectin hydrogels.
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Hafeez S, Islam A, Durrani AK, Butt MTZ, Rehmat S, Khurshid A, Khan SM. Fabrication of pectin-based stimuli responsive hydrogel for the controlled release of ceftriaxone. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kinetics of Pectin Biopolymer Facial Erosion Characterized by Fluorescent Tracer Microfluidics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183911. [PMID: 36146055 PMCID: PMC9501333 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a plant-derived heteropolysaccharide that has been implicated in drug development, tissue engineering, and visceral organ repair. Pectin demonstrates remarkable biostability in a variety of physiologic environments but is biodegradable in water. To understand the dynamics of pectin biodegradation in basic environments, we developed a microfluidics system that facilitated the quantitative comparison of pectin films exposed to facial erosion. Pectin biodegradation was assessed using fluorescein tracer embedded in pectin, trypan blue quenching of released fluorescence, and highly sensitive microfluorimetry. The microfluidic perfusate, delivered through 6 um-pore synthetic membrane interface, demonstrated nonlinear erosion of the pectin film; 75% of tracer was released in 28 h. The microfluidics system was used to identify potential modifiers of pectin erosion. The polyphenolic compound tannic acid, loaded into citrus pectin films, demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in pectin erosion. Tannic acid had no detectable impact on the physical properties of citrus pectin including adhesivity and cohesion. In contrast, tannic acid weakened the burst strength and cohesion of pectins derived from soy bean and potato sources. We conclude that facial erosion may explain the biostability of citrus pectin on visceral organ surfaces as well as provide a useful method for identifying modifiers of citrus pectin biodegradation.
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Optical and Mechanical Properties of Self-Repairing Pectin Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071345. [PMID: 35406219 PMCID: PMC9002866 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin’s unique physicochemical properties have been linked to a variety of reparative and regenerative processes in nature. To investigate the effect of water on pectin repair, we used a 5 mm stainless-steel uniaxial load to fracture glass phase pectin films. The fractured gel phase films were placed on a 1.5–1.8 mm thick layer of water and incubated for 8 h at room temperature and ambient humidity. There was no immersion or agitation. The repaired pectin film was subsequently assessed for its optical and mechanical properties. Light microscopy demonstrated repair of the detectable fracture area and restoration of the films’ optical properties. The burst strength of the repaired film declined to 55% of the original film. However, its resilience was restored to 87% of the original film. Finally, a comparison of the initial and post-repair fracture patterns demonstrated no recurrent fissures in the repaired glass phase films. The water-induced repair of the pectin film was superior to the optical and mechanical properties of the repaired films composed of nanocellulose fibers, sodium hyaluronate, and oxidized cellulose. We conclude that the unique physicochemical properties of pectin facilitate the water-induced self-repair of fractured pectin films.
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12
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Zheng Y, Pierce AF, Wagner WL, Khalil HA, Chen Z, Servais AB, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Functional Adhesion of Pectin Biopolymers to the Lung Visceral Pleura. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2976. [PMID: 34503016 PMCID: PMC8433721 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural injuries and the associated "air leak" are the most common complications after pulmonary surgery. Air leaks are the primary reason for prolonged chest tube use and increased hospital length of stay. Pectin, a plant-derived heteropolysaccharide, has been shown to be an air-tight sealant of pulmonary air leaks. Here, we investigate the morphologic and mechanical properties of pectin adhesion to the visceral pleural surface of the lung. After the application of high-methoxyl citrus pectin films to the murine lung, we used scanning electron microscopy to demonstrate intimate binding to the lung surface. To quantitatively assess pectin adhesion to the pleural surface, we used a custom adhesion test with force, distance, and time recordings. These assays demonstrated that pectin-glycocalyceal tensile adhesive strength was greater than nanocellulose fiber films or pressure-sensitive adhesives (p < 0.001). Simultaneous videomicroscopy recordings demonstrated that pectin-glycocalyceal adhesion was also stronger than the submesothelial connective tissue as avulsed surface remnants were visualized on the separated pectin films. Finally, pleural abrasion and hyaluronidase enzyme digestion confirmed that pectin binding was dependent on the pleural glycocalyx (p < 0.001). The results indicate that high methoxyl citrus pectin is a promising sealant for the treatment of pleural lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Aidan F. Pierce
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Willi L. Wagner
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Andrew B. Servais
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.); (A.B.S.)
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Zheng Y, Pierce AF, Wagner WL, Khalil HA, Chen Z, Funaya C, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Biomaterial-Assisted Anastomotic Healing: Serosal Adhesion of Pectin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2811. [PMID: 34451349 PMCID: PMC8401717 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage is a frequent complication of intestinal surgery and a major source of surgical morbidity. The timing of anastomotic failures suggests that leaks are the result of inadequate mechanical support during the vulnerable phase of wound healing. To identify a biomaterial with physical and mechanical properties appropriate for assisted anastomotic healing, we studied the adhesive properties of the plant-derived structural heteropolysaccharide called pectin. Specifically, we examined high methoxyl citrus pectin films at water contents between 17-24% for their adhesivity to ex vivo porcine small bowel serosa. In assays of tensile adhesion strength, pectin demonstrated significantly greater adhesivity to the serosa than either nanocellulose fiber (NCF) films or pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) (p < 0.001). Similarly, in assays of shear resistance, pectin demonstrated significantly greater adhesivity to the serosa than either NCF films or PSA (p < 0.001). Finally, the pectin films were capable of effectively sealing linear enterotomies in a bowel simulacrum as well as an ex vivo bowel segment. We conclude that pectin is a biomaterial with physical and adhesive properties capable of facilitating anastomotic healing after intestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Aidan F. Pierce
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Willi L. Wagner
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Translational Lung Research Center, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zi Chen
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Steven J. Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (A.F.P.); (W.L.W.); (H.A.K.); (Z.C.)
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