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Guo K, Tian Y, Podzimska-Sroka D, Kirkensgaard JJK, Herburger K, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Hassenkam T, Petersen BL, Blennow A, Zhong Y. Structural evolution of maize starches with different amylose content during pasting and gelation as evidenced by Rapid Visco Analyser. Food Chem 2024; 461:140817. [PMID: 39146682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This study examined multi-scale structural alterations of maize starches varying in amylose content during pasting and gelation, using Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). At 50 °C, starch granules maintained their morphology with low viscosity. As the temperature increased to 95 °C, helical and crystal structures were destroyed, leading to granule swelling, distortion and porosity, as identified by Wide Angle X-ray Scattering and Fourier Transforms Infrared measurements at 90% moisture. This resulted in increased viscosity and the formation of a loose gel network structure. Subsequently, maintaining the temperature at 95 °C caused a decrease in viscosity as most granules disappeared, forming a reorganized flaky gel structure with larger pores. As the temperature decreased, gel porosity reduced. In high amylose content starch, the viscosity remained low and granules were partially gelatinized since the heating temperature was below the gelatinization temperature. This study is the first to detail starch multilevel structural dynamics during RVA gelatinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dagmara Podzimska-Sroka
- PlantCarb ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark; Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V
| | - Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kemitorvet, Building, 207 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tue Hassenkam
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bent Larsen Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; PlantCarb ApS, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Shi L, Zou Z, Zhu C, Wang H, Lin L, Wang J, Wei C. Structures, gelatinization properties and enzyme hydrolyses of starches from transparent and floury grains of rices subjected to field natural extreme high temperature. Food Chem 2024; 459:140392. [PMID: 39018617 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Three rice varieties underwent the field natural extreme high temperature (EHT) with daily average temperature over 30 °C from 21 to 89 days after sowing, and had transparent, chalky and floury grains. The structures, gelatinization properties and enzyme hydrolyses of starches from transparent and floury grains were investigated. Compared with control transparent grains, floury grains subjected to EHT markedly decreased the contents of amylose molecules, amylopectin A chains and amylopectin B1 chains and increased the contents of amylopectin B2 and B3+ chains and the average branch-chain length of amylopectin. Both transparent and floury grains had A-type starches, but floury grain starches exhibited higher relative crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, retrogradation and pasting viscosities than transparent grain starches. Floury grain starches had lower hydrolysis rates than transparent grain starches. Native starches were more resistant to digestion but gelatinized and retrograded starches were more prone to digestion in floury grains than in transparent grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiquan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zihan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lingshang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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3
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Liu X, Xu Z, Zhang C, Xu Y, Ma M, Sui Z, Corke H. Dynamic development of changes in multi-scale structure during grain filling affect gelatinization properties of rice starch. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122318. [PMID: 39048212 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rice was collected over the entire grain filling period (about 40 days) to explore the multi-structure evolution and gelatinization behavior changes of starch. During the early stage (DAA 6-14), the significant reduction in lamellar repeat distance (10.04 to 9.68 nm) and relative crystallinity (26.6 % to 22.7 %) was due to initial rapid accumulation of amylose (from 9.38 % to 14.05 %) and short amylopectin chains. Meanwhile, the decreased proportion of aggregation structure resulted in a decrease in the gelatinization temperature and a narrowed range of gelatinization temperature also indicated an increase in homogeneity as starch matured. Gelatinization enthalpy was mainly controlled by aggregation structure, which was negatively and positively related to the amylose content and the degree of order respectively. Peak viscosity of starch pasting increased and reached a maximum (924 cP) at DAA-21 due to larger granule size. Amylose and short amylopectin chains with degree of polymerization 6-12 showed positive and negative correlation with short-term retrogradation ability (setback value) respectively. The dynamics of different scale structure during grain filling had varying degrees of impact on gelatinization properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zekun Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chuangchuang Zhang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengting Ma
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Harold Corke
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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4
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Zhang X, Wang C, Sang L, Liu Z, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Shen Q. Investigation of starch hierarchical structure in relation to physicochemical properties and digestive behavior under different high hydrostatic pressure treatment time. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135208. [PMID: 39218176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Changes and causal relationships in the hierarchical structure, thermal, pasting and rheological properties, as well as the digestive behavior of starch under different high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment time were investigated. At 5 min, the thickness of amorphous lamellae increased (2.76 nm) and the content of B2 and B3 chains in the amorphous lamellae decreased significantly (10.78 % and 9.08 %). As the treatment time increased, the crystalline lamellae swelled and tightly arranged double helices located in the crystalline lamellae were disturbed, resulting in a decrease in the content of double helices (12.16 %) and relative crystallinity (16.96 %). Helix dissociation, crystal disruption, lamellar collapse and granule deformation were observed at 20 min. These structural changes were closely linked to variations in the physicochemical behaviors. The thermal parameters decreased gradually, accompanied by a decrease in double helix stability. The swollen crystalline lamellae provided more space for molecular stretching, thus enhancing the pasting characteristics. Regarding the digestive behavior, the swollen amorphous lamellae facilitated the invention of enzyme molecules to hydrolyze the starch at 5 min. The digestion rate coefficient and rapidly digestible starch content increased significantly until 15 min, which demonstrated that starch was more easily digested while retaining its intact granular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Luman Sang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China.
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5
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Shi L, Guo K, Xu X, Lin L, Bian X, Wei C. Physicochemical properties of starches from sweet potato root tubers grown in natural high and low temperature soils. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101346. [PMID: 38586226 PMCID: PMC10997820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Three sweet potato varieties grew in natural high temperature (HT) and low temperature (LT) field soils. Their starch physicochemical properties were affected similarly by HT and LT soils. Compared with LT soil, HT soil induced the increases of granule size D[4,3] from 18.0-18.7 to 19.9-21.8 μm and amylopectin average branch-chain length from 21.9-23.1 to 24.1-24.7 DP. Starches from root tubers grown in HT and LT soils exhibited CA- and CC-type XRD pattern, respectively. Starches from root tubers grown in HT soil exhibited stronger lamellar peak intensities (366.8-432.0) and higher gelatinization peak temperature (72.0-76.8 °C) than those (176.2-260.5, 56.4-63.4 °C) in LT soil. Native starches from root tubers grown in LT soil were hydrolyzed more easily (hydrolysis rate coefficient 0.227-0.282 h-1) by amylase than those (0.120-0.163 h-1) in HT soil. The principal component analysis exhibited that starches from root tubers grown in HT and LT soils had significantly different physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiquan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lingshang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bian
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunxu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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6
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Shen H, Li J, Chen L, Guo X. Insights into multiscale structure and digestive characteristic of starch from two cultivars of chestnut during kernel development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131978. [PMID: 38692537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiscale structure and digestive characteristic of starch during kernel development of Castanea henryi ('Jinzhui' (YS) and 'Baiyan No.1' (WS)) were investigated in this study. Structural analysis revealed that the surface of starch granules became smooth, the amylopectin content decreased (from 71.32 % to 70.47 %, from 71.44 % to 68.37 %, respectively), the chain length distribution of amylopectin reduced (the proportion of B1 chain decreased from 52.35 % to 50.60 %, from 52.22 % to 50.59 %, respectively) while the amorphous and semi-crystalline lamellae of starch increased during development, which was consistent with the decreasing relative crystallinity (from 28.79 % to 24.11 %, from 29.57 % to 23.66 %, respectively) and short-range ordering degree. The degradation of ordered structure further resulted in the increase of digestibility, especially in the late developmental stage, supported by a significant decrease of resistant starch content (from 70.21 % to 61.70 % and from 73.58 % to 58.86 %, respectively). Transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the possible molecular mechanisms affecting starch structure. The high expression of several key genes including AGPase, GBSS, SBE, SSS, ISA and PUL in late development stage might be the reason of structural changes during development. The results provided valuable information for starch accumulation during kernel development of Castanea henryi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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7
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Yang H, Chen L, Xiong R, Zeng Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Yang T. Experimental Warming Increased Cooked Rice Stickiness and Rice Thermal Stability in Three Major Chinese Rice Cropping Systems. Foods 2024; 13:1605. [PMID: 38890834 PMCID: PMC11171534 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is a critical environmental issue affecting rice production. However, its effects on cooked rice texture and rice thermal properties remain unstudied in China. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year multi-site field warming experiment using free-air temperature increase facilities across three major Chinese rice cropping systems. Interestingly, warming had a minimal impact on the hardness of cooked rice, while it significantly increased stickiness by an average of 16.3% under warming conditions. Moreover, compared to control treatments, rice flour exhibited a significant increase in gelatinization enthalpy, onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures under warming conditions, with average increments of 8.7%, 1.00 °C, 1.05 °C, and 1.17 °C, respectively. In addition, warming significantly declined the amylose content, remarkedly elevated the protein content and relative crystallinity, and altered the weight distribution of the debranched starch. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between cooked rice stickiness, rice flour thermal properties, amylose content, protein content, and partial starch structures. Therefore, warming-induced alterations in rice composition and starch structure collectively enhanced cooked rice stickiness and rice thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The China Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Biodiversity, Jingdezhen University, Jingdezhen 333400, China
| | - Ruoyu Xiong
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taotao Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Gao S, Liu S, Zhang R, Zhang S, Pei J, Liu H. The multi-scale structures and in vitro digestibility of starches with different crystalline types induced by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130281. [PMID: 38378114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The effects of plasma treatment on multi-scale structures and in vitro digestibility of starches isolated from Tartary buckwheat (TBS), potato (PTS), and pea (PS), were investigated. The results from SEM and CLSM showed that plasma treatment resulted in the extension of pores from the starch hilum to the surface. The XRD and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra demonstrated that the crystalline type of three starches was not changed by plasma treatment, while the RC and double helix content of TBS increased. Besides, the single helix content and the proportion of amorphous phase decreased following the treatment, which was consistent with the result of SAXS. However, the PTS and PS showed the opposite results by plasma treatment. In addition, the modification significantly changed the molecular weight (Mw) and chain length distribution of all the starches, among which the Mw of PTS fell drastically from 2.45 × 107 g/mol to 1.74 × 107 g/mol. The in vitro digestibility of starches increased significantly when treated with plasma, in which TBS exhibited the biggest increase for its inside-out and side-by-side digestion manners. Therefore, plasma treatment led to different alteration trends for multi-scale structures with quite various change extent for in vitro digestibility about different crystalline starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Si Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jianfei Pei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Hang Liu
- Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, PR China.
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9
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Li X, Ahmad AM, Zhong Y, Ding L, Blennow A, Fettke J. Starch phosphorylation regulates starch granule morphological homogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2600-2615. [PMID: 38060678 PMCID: PMC10980398 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Starch granule morphological homogeneity presents a gap in starch research. Transitory starch granules in wild-type plants are discoid, regardless of species. Notably, while the shape of starch granules can differ among mutants, it typically remains homogeneous within a genotype. We found an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, dpe2sex4, lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and glucan phosphatase SEX4, showing an unprecedented bimodal starch granule diameter distribution when grown under a light/dark rhythm. dpe2sex4 contained 2 types of starch granules: large granules and small granules. In contrast to the double starch initiation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, where A-type granules are initiated first and B-type granules are initiated later, dpe2sex4 small and large granules developed simultaneously in the same chloroplast. Compared with the large granules, the small granules had more branched amylopectin and less surface starch-phosphate, thus having a more compact structure that may hinder starch synthesis. During plant aging, the small granules barely grew. In in vitro experiments, fewer glucosyl residues were incorporated in small granules. Under continuous light, dpe2sex4 starch granules were morphologically homogeneous. Omitting the dark phase after a 2-wk light/dark cycle by moving plants into continuous light also reduced morphological variance between these 2 types of granules. These data shed light on the impact of starch phosphorylation on starch granule morphology homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Abubakar Musa Ahmad
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1871, Denmark
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14776, Germany
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10
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Shao M, Junejo SA, Zhang B, Huang Q. Effects of explosion puffing on the native structural organization and oil adsorption properties of starch. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121518. [PMID: 37985054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of explosion puffing (EP) on the native structural organization (i.e., thermal properties, crystalline structure, short-range order, granule morphology and powder properties) and oil adsorption properties of puffed starch (PS) were investigated. The results showed that EP treatment could decrease the melting enthalpy of starch double helices and increase the V-type crystallinity. The highest V-type crystallinity (24.7 %) was obtained when the puffing pressure was 0.4 MPa and the starch:ethanol:water ratio was 1:2:1 (w/w). By controlling the puffing conditions, EP treatment can alter the morphology, and increase the particle size, flowability and specific surface area of PS. The high amorphous proportion and porous sheet structure of PS resulted in the highest oil adsorption capacity when the starch:ethanol:water ratio was 1:1:1 (w/w). Pearson correlation analysis showed that oil adsorption capacity was significantly and positively correlated with the 1022/995 cm-1 value and V-type crystallinity, but negatively correlated with bulk density and angle of repose. Furthermore, oil retention capacity was strongly dependent on V-type crystallinity. These findings demonstrated that EP is an innovative technology with the potential to enhance the V-type crystallinity and adsorption performance of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shao
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed Junejo
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China.
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11
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Huo D, Xiao X, Zhang X, Hao X, Hao Z, Li E. Exploration of unique starch physicochemical properties of novel buckwheat lines created by crossing Golden buckwheat and Tatary buckwheat. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100949. [PMID: 38144746 PMCID: PMC10739759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat is considered as a healthy cereal food, and it is essential to cultivate new buckwheat lines with good starch physicochemical properties for both consumers and food producers. Six novel buckwheat (Duoku, Dk) were generated by crossing of Golden buckwheat and Tatary buckwheat, and their kernel appearance properties and starch physicochemical properties were analyzed together with one domestic line (Cimiqiao) and one wild line (Yeku). The results showed that Dk samples had better appearance properties than two control samples. The Dk samples showed lower amylose content, similar amylopectin molecular structure and chain length distributions, and larger starch granules compared with Cimiqiao. The digestion results showed that two Dk samples: Dk6 & Dk9 had high resistant starch content; while the other two Dk samples: Dk37 & Dk38 had a steady glucose releasing rate. The Dk samples also showed high gelatinization temperature, indicating they were good raw materials for producing glass noodle. This study proved that Dk buckwheat had unique starch physicochemical properties, and could be used as new food materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongao Huo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Xuefeng Hao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Zhanyang Hao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Enpeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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12
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Tian Y, Wang Y, Herbuger K, Petersen BL, Cui Y, Blennow A, Liu X, Zhong Y. High-pressure pasting performance and multilevel structures of short-term microwave-treated high-amylose maize starch. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121366. [PMID: 37839836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Microwave treatment is an environmentally friendly method for modification of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS). Here, the effects of short-time (≤120 s) microwave treatment on the structure and pasting of two types of HAMSs, Gelose 50 (HAMSI) and Gelose 80 (HAMSII), with apparent amylose content (AAC) of 45 % and 58 %, respectively, was studied using a multiscale approach including X-ray scattering, surface structures, particle size distribution, molecular size distributions and high temperature/pressure Rapid Visco Analysis (RVA)-4800 pasting. As compared to starch with no amylose (waxy maize starch, WMS) and 25 % amylose content (normal maize starch, NMS), HAMSI underwent similar structural and pasting changes as WMS and NMS upon microwave treatment, and it might primarily be attributed to the amylopectin fraction that was affected by cleavage of the connector chains between double helices and backbone chains, which decreased the crystallinity and thickness of the crystalline lamellae. However, the multi-scale structure of HAMSII was almost unaffected by this treatment. The pasting properties of fully gelatinized HAMSI starch showed a decrease in RVA-4800 peak and final viscosities after microwave treatment. In contrast, for HAMSII starch, the microwave treatment led to an increase in these viscosities. The combined results highlight the influence of varying AAC on the effects of microwave-mediated modification, leading to diverse alterations in the structure and functionality of starches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Wang
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Klaus Herbuger
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Bent L Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ying Cui
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Germany.
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13
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Ranathunga A, Suwannaporn P, Kiatponglarp W, Wansuksri R, Sagis LM. Molecular structure and linear-non linear rheology relation of rice starch during milky, dough, and mature stages. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120812. [PMID: 37059541 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Immature rice has potential to be used as healthy food. The relation between molecular structure and rheological properties was investigated. The lamellar repeating distance (8.42-8.63 nm) and crystalline thickness (4.60-4.72 nm) were not different among stages indicating a complete lamellar structure even at early stage. The relative crystallinity was higher in dough (39.62 %) than milky (36.69 %) and mature starch (35.22 %) caused by molecular structure, amylose, and amylose-lipid complex. The short amylopectin branched chains (A and B1) in dough starch were easily entangled resulted in higher Payne effect and elastic dominant. Dough starch paste exhibited higher G'Max (738 Pa) than milky (685 Pa) and mature (645 Pa) starch. In a non-linear viscoelastic regime, small strain hardening was found in milky and dough starch. Mature starch showed the highest plasticity and shear thinning at high-shear strains as the long-branched chains (B3) microstructure was disrupted, disentangled, followed by chain orientation along shear.
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14
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Ding L, Liang W, Qu J, Persson S, Liu X, Herburger K, Kirkensgaard JJK, Khakimov B, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Blennow A, Zhong Y. Effects of natural starch-phosphate monoester content on the multi-scale structures of potato starches. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120740. [PMID: 36925255 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenxin Liang
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, SJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jacob Judas Kain Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Zhang X, Shen Q, Yang Y, Zhang F, Wang C, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Wang X, Diao X, Cheng R. Structural, functional and mechanistic insights uncover the role of starch in foxtail millet cultivars with different congee-making quality. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125107. [PMID: 37257541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ten foxtail millet cultivars with different congee-making quality were investigated for relationships between starch structures, functional properties and congee-making qualities. Swelling power, pasting peak viscosity (PV) and setback (SB), gel hardness and resilience, and gelatinization onset (To), peak (Tp) and range (R) temperature were correlated with congee-making performance significantly. Good eating-quality cultivars with these parameters were in the range of 15.41-18.58 %, 3095-3279 cp, 1540-1745 cp, 430-491 g, 0.47-0.57, 64.43-65.28 °C, 69.97-70.32 °C and 23.38-24.52 °C, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that amylose, amylopectin B2 chains and A21 were essential parameters controlling the functional properties. Amylose molecules with linear molecular morphology would cause crystal defects and a wide range of molecular weight distribution. Additionally, they were more prone to re-association, which influenced the PV, SB, To, Tp and gel hardness. B2 chains impacted the gelatinization temperature range (R), gel resilience and swelling behavior by affecting the alignment of double helices and the size of starch particles and pores. Starch with more binding sites of bound water (A21) tended to leach from the swelling granules easily and contributed to higher values of PV. The content of amylose, B2 chains and A21 of good eating-quality cultivars were 16.19-18.46 %, 11.60-11.69 % and 96.50-97.02 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China.
| | - Xianrui Wang
- Research Institute of Millet, Chifeng Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Chifeng 024031, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Research Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
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16
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Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Møller MS, Westh P, Svensson B, Blennow A. Interfacial Catalysis during Amylolytic Degradation of Starch Granules: Current Understanding and Kinetic Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093799. [PMID: 37175208 PMCID: PMC10180094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch granules forms the fundamental basis of how nature degrades starch in plant cells, how starch is utilized as an energy resource in foods, and develops efficient, low-cost saccharification of starch, such as bioethanol and sweeteners. However, most investigations on starch hydrolysis have focused on its rates of degradation, either in its gelatinized or soluble state. These systems are inherently more well-defined, and kinetic parameters can be readily derived for different hydrolytic enzymes and starch molecular structures. Conversely, hydrolysis is notably slower for solid substrates, such as starch granules, and the kinetics are more complex. The main problems include that the surface of the substrate is multifaceted, its chemical and physical properties are ill-defined, and it also continuously changes as the hydrolysis proceeds. Hence, methods need to be developed for analyzing such heterogeneous catalytic systems. Most data on starch granule degradation are obtained on a long-term enzyme-action basis from which initial rates cannot be derived. In this review, we discuss these various aspects and future possibilities for developing experimental procedures to describe and understand interfacial enzyme hydrolysis of native starch granules more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie Sofie Møller
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Westh
- Interfacial Enzymology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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17
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Interactions between leached amylose and protein affect the stickiness of cooked white rice. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Yan S, Li Z, Wang B, Li T, Li Z, Zhang N, Cui B. Correlation analysis on physicochemical and structural properties of sorghum starch. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1101868. [PMID: 36712512 PMCID: PMC9873550 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript analyzed physicochemical and structural properties of 30 different types of sorghum starches based on their apparent amylose content (AAC). Current results confirmed that sorghum starch exhibited irregular spherical or polygonal granule shape with 14.5 μm average particle size. The AAC of sorghum starch ranged from 7.42 to 36.44% corresponding to relative crystallinities of 20.5 to 32.4%. The properties of enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH), peak viscosity (PV), relative crystallinity (RC), degree of double helix (DD), degree of order (DO), and swelling power (SP) were negatively correlated with AAC, while the cool paste viscosity (CPV) and setback (SB) were positively correlated with AAC. Correlations analyzed was conducted on various physicochemical parameters. Using principal component analysis (PCA) with 20 variables, the difference between 30 different types of sorghum starch was displayed. Results of current study can be used to guide the selection and breeding of sorghum varieties and its application in food and non-food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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The relationship between starch structure and digestibility by time-course digestion of amylopectin-only and amylose-only barley starches. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Effects of growth temperature on multi-scale structure of root tuber starch in sweet potato. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:120136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Tian Y, Qu J, Zhou Q, Ding L, Cui Y, Blennow A, Zhong Y, Liu X. High pressure/temperature pasting and gelling of starch related to multilevel structure-analyzed with RVA 4800. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Effect of oil modification on the multiscale structure and gelatinization properties of crosslinked starch and their relationship with the texture and microstructure of surimi/starch composite gels. Food Chem 2022; 391:133236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Zhao X, Zeng L, Huang Q, Zhang B, Zhang J, Wen X. Structure and physicochemical properties of cross-linked and acetylated tapioca starches affected by oil modification. Food Chem 2022; 386:132848. [PMID: 35367796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the structure and physicochemical properties of cross-linked tapioca starch (CTS), acetylated tapioca starch (ATS) and their counterparts (Oil-CTS and Oil-ATS). The results showed oil on the interface of starch granules promoted granule agglomeration after oil modification. Besides, oil modification could increase granule size and destroy the crystalline structure but did not affect the molecular structure of starch. Meanwhile, oil-modified starches did not form the V-type structure like amylose-fatty acid complex, suggesting that oil could not enter the helical cavity of amylose to form complex. Furthermore, compared with CTS and ATS, oil-modified starches had higher shear resistance, lower viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy. Notably, Oil-CTS possessed excellent emulsion stability, with the potential application as an emulsion stabilizer. This study revealed oil modification as an innovative method to endow starch with high shear resistance, low gelatinization enthalpy and excellent emulsion stability to meet the demands of food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, and Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Hangzhou Starpro Starch Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, and Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Binjia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, and Sub Center (Wuhan) of National Technology and R&D of Staple Freshwater Fish Processing, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Hangzhou Starpro Starch Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Hangzhou Starpro Starch Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China
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24
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Wang Q, Li L, Liu C, Zheng X. Heat-moisture modified blue wheat starch: Physicochemical properties modulated by its multi-scale structure. Food Chem 2022; 386:132771. [PMID: 35344719 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blue wheat starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) with varying moisture contents (MCs). Changes in physicochemical properties were evaluated on the basis of its multi-scale structure. Following HMTs with MC below 30 %, the starch remained brighter and presented total phenolics content up to 0.20 mg/g. As treating MC increased, structural disruptions became more pronounced, which were characterized by crystallinity loss, lamellae's loosening, hydrogen bonding breakage, and debranching. Furthermore, HMTs decreased the proportion of external A chains of amylopectin. Concomitantly, modified starches showed progressively increased transition temperatures but decreased enthalpy values. Despite the swelling power decrease, HMTs with MC of 15 % showed markedly higher peak viscosity than control, as a result of the more compact semi-crystalline lamellae and homogenous electron distribution. Besides, all HMT-starches showed lowered breakdown and setback. This novel modified starch would be promising ingredients for modulating the viscoelasticity of healthy anti-staling staple foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Wang
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Chong Liu
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- College of Grain, Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, No.100 Lianhua Street in Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Wu W, Qu J, Blennow A, Herburger K, Hebelstrup KH, Guo K, Xue J, Xu R, Zhu C, Zhong Y, Guo D. The effects of drought treatments on biosynthesis and structure of maize starches with different amylose content. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhang W, Cheng B, Zeng X, Tang Q, Shu Z, Wang P. Physicochemical and Digestible Properties of Parboiled Black Rice With Different Amylose Contents. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934209. [PMID: 35873418 PMCID: PMC9302023 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The varieties of black rice with different amylose contents (waxy; medium-amylose: 16.03%; high-amylose: 27.14%) were parboiled and then evaluated for physicochemical and digestible properties. The color, crystalline structure, and swelling property of parboiled rice were analyzed, and the water molecular mobility, texture, and starch digestibility of cooked parboiled rice were determined. The color of black rice was only slightly changed after the parboiling treatment. The crystalline structures of waxy and medium-amylose rice were severely damaged by the parboiling treatment, while the highly crystalline structure was retained in parboiled high-amylose rice. During heating in water, parboiled high-amylose rice had a lower water absorption ratio (WAR) and volume expansion ratio (VER) than the other two varieties. After cooking, parboiled high-amylose rice had higher water molecular mobility and harder texture compared with the other two varieties. Cooked parboiled high-amylose rice contained higher content of resistant starch than cooked parboiled waxy and medium-amylose rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang
| | - Bei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiuling Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaixi Shu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Zhong Y, Qu J, Li Z, Tian Y, Zhu F, Blennow A, Liu X. Rice starch multi-level structure and functional relationships. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118777. [PMID: 34742453 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Starch from 15 different rice genotypes with amylose content (AC) ranging 1.5%-30.6% were investigated for relationships between structures and properties. For parameters related to the granular level, the most important relationships were found for AC, average chain lengths (ACL) of the amylopectin (AP) fb1 chains having a length of DP 13-24, crystallinity, and the thickness of the crystalline (dc) and the amorphous lamellae (da) of the starch granule. AC and dc were negatively correlated with the peak gelatinization temperature (Tp), thermal enthalpy (ΔH), and peak viscosity (PV), but positively correlated with swelling power. ACLfb1 and da, as compared to AC and dc, had the opposite effects on these parameters, demonstrating important roles of specific molecular and lamellar structures on the starch granular stability. For the gelatinized systems, increasing ACLfb1 decreased retrogradation, while AC increased retrogradation by increasing the resistant starch (RS) content, storage modulus (G'), and setback (SB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhong
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihang Li
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fan Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Lab of Food Soft Matter Structure and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Shi S, Pan K, Yu M, Li L, Tang J, Cheng B, Liu J, Cao C, Jiang Y. Differences in starch multi-layer structure, pasting, and rice eating quality between fresh rice and 7 years stored rice. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1379-1385. [PMID: 36092020 PMCID: PMC9459690 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous improvement of rice production capacity and the accumulation of reserves year by year, rice sometimes has to be stored for a long time. However, long-term storage of rice has poor sensory properties, which may be related to the structural changes of starch. Different from the previous studies on short-term storage of rice (often 3–12 months), the focus of this study was to understand the differences in starch multi-layer structure, pasting, and rice eating quality between 7 years stored rice and fresh rice. Our research indicated that 7 years stored rice showed higher hardness and lower stickiness compared to fresh rice, which ultimately led to poorer eating quality. These bad changes were related to differences in starch multi-layer structure. The 7 years stored rice had lower amylose content, a lower thickness of crystalline lamellae and short-range ordered structure of starch, and more large starch granules. In particular, the volume mean diameter of 7 years starch was more than 4 times that of fresh starch. 7 years stored rice had more large granular starch and unstable crystal structure, which led to the increase of pasting temperature and the decrease of gelatinization enthalpy during starch gelatinization, and ultimately reduced the eating quality of the rice. 7 years stored rice had higher hardness and poorer eating quality. Volume mean diameter of 7 years stored starch was 4 times larger than fresh starch. 7 years stored rice had lower short-range order structure of starch. The pasting temperature of 7 years stored starch was higher than fresh starch. Higher pasting temperature and lower gelatinization enthalpy reduced the eating quality.
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Xu J, Li Z, Zhong Y, Zhou Q, Lv Q, Chen L, Blennow A, Liu X. The effects of molecular fine structure on rice starch granule gelatinization dynamics as investigated by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Li G, Hemar Y, Zhu F. Relationships between supramolecular organization and amylopectin fine structure of quinoa starch. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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