1
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Zhao Y, Li P, Wang X, Wu Y, Liu L, Zhao R. A novel pectin polysaccharide from vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri absorbed by microfold cells in the form of nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131096. [PMID: 38522695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides of vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBCP) have been reported to exhibit liver-targeting and immunomodulatory activities through oral administration, but the absorption behavior and mechanism of VBCPs have not been extensively studied. In this study, a novel HG type pectin polysaccharide, VBCP1-4, with a high molecular weight of 2.94 × 106 Da, was separated from VBCP. VBCP1-4 backbone was contained 1,4-α-D-GalpA, 1,4-α-D-GalpA6OMe, 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. The branches were mainly contained 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,3,5-α-L-Araf, t-α-L-Araf and t-α-D-Galp, which linked to the 3 position of 1,3,4-α-D-GalpA and the 4 position of 1,2,4-α-D-Rhap. VBCP1-4 could self-assemble to nanoparticles in water, with CMC values of 106.41 μg/mL, particle sizes of 178.20 ± 2.82 nm and zeta potentials of -23.19 ± 1.44 mV. The pharmacokinetic study of VBCP1-4, which detected by marking with FITC, revealed that it could be partially absorbed into the body through Peyer's patches of the ileum. In vitro absorption study demonstrated that VBCP1-4 was difficult to be absorbed by Caco-2 cell monolayer, but could be absorbed by M cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. The absorption mechanism was elucidated that VBCP1-4 entered M cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis in the form of nanoparticles. These findings provide valuable insights into the absorption behavior of VBCP and contribute to its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yayun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampaness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Neihuan Xilu, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Wang J, Zhu K, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Ji W, Yao Z, Li D. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and subacute toxicity of oral carrageenan in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130725. [PMID: 38490394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CGN) is a typical sulfated polysaccharide widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Its in vivo behavior plays vital roles in understanding structural and biological functional relationships. The lack of UV chromophores in highly sulfated polysaccharides presents a challenge for their in vivo behavior studies. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a fast and effective quantitative fluorescence method for investigating the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of CGN. Fluorescence isothiocyanate labeling of CGN (FCGN) and microplate reader-based measurements were developed and validated to study its pharmacokinetics. These results showed that the FCGN concentration peaked at 3 h, the mean residence time was 36.6 h, and the clearance rate was 0.1 L/h/kg. Most of the FCGN was excreted in the feces, while 9.2 % was excreted in the urine, suggesting absorption and metabolism. The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the FCGN was absorbed quickly, eliminated slowly, and could remain in the body for a sustained profile. Moreover, ex vivo imaging and quantification of FCGN in tissues revealed that FCGN accumulated in the liver and kidney. Furthermore, oral administration of CGN or KOs for 14 days led to changes in liver and kidney indices. Histological analysis of significant organs revealed hepatocyte necrosis in the liver, renal tubular vacuolization in the kidney, and incomplete colonic epithelial cells. The KOs had a more significant effect on inflammatory cell infiltration than did CGNs. These in vivo findings laid the foundation for the study and application of CGN in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Kehan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wen Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Zheng Y, Wu Z, Liu J, Cheng F, Wang K. Degradation of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide: Structures and protective activities against ethanol-induced acute liver injury. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121745. [PMID: 38220331 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) possesses diverse bioactivities; however, its metabolic fate following oral administration remains poorly understood. To intuitively determine its intestinal digestion behavior after oral administration, ASP was labeled with fluorescein, and it was found to accumulate and be degraded in the cecum and colon. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro enzymatic degradation behavior and identified the products. The results showed that ASP could be degraded into fragments with molecular weights similar to those of the fragments observed in vivo. Structural characterization revealed that ASP is a highly branched acid heteropolysaccharide with AG type II domains, and its backbone is predominantly composed of 1,3-Galp, →3,6)-Galp-(1→6)-Galp-(1→, 1,4-Manp, 1,4-Rhap, 1,3-Glcp, 1,2,3,4-Galp, 1,3,4,6-Galp, 1,3,4-GalAp and 1,4-GlcAp, with branches of Araf, Glcp and Galp. In addition, the high molecular weight enzymatic degradation products (ASP H) maintained a backbone structure almost identical to that of ASP, but exhibited only partial branch changes. Then, the results of ethanol-induced acute liver injury experiments revealed that ASP and ASP H reduced the expression of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) levels, thereby relieving ethanol-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuheng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, PR China.
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4
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Zhang X, Xiao Y, Huang Q. Investigation of cellular uptake and transport capacity of Cordyceps sinensis exopolysaccharide‑selenium nanoparticles with different particle sizes in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130060. [PMID: 38340938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis exopolysaccharide‑selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) were successfully constructed, characterized, and its Se release kinetics and mechanism were also evaluated in our previous studies. However, the intestinal cellular uptake and transport capacities of EPS-SeNPs remain unknown. On the basis of our previous researches, this work was designed to evaluate the uptake and transport capacities of EPS-SeNPs (EPS/Se = 20/1, 3/1, 1/1, and 3/4) in intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results indicated that the internalization of coumarin-6 labeled EPS-SeNPs was in a time-dependent process and eventually located in the cytoplasm, not in the nucleus. Endocytosis inhibitors were employed to evaluate the cellular uptake pathway of EPS-SeNPs, relevant results revealed that clathrin-, caveolae-, and energy-mediated pathways were participated in the internalization of EPS-SeNPs by Caco-2 cells. In addition, the transportation of EPS-SeNPs across Caco-2 cell monolayers was in a concentration-dependent manner. Different particle sizes of EPS-SeNPs presented different uptake and transport capacities in Caco-2 cells. Noteworthy, EPS/Se = 3/4 with the highest selenium content possessed the most superior cellular uptake and transport abilities in Caco-2 cells. The present work may contribute to illustrate the internalization and transport mechanism of EPS-SeNPs, thus facilitating its application in food and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yidong Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology and MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Yan L, Deng Y, Du Y, Fang X, Fang X, Zhang Q. Metabolic Regulations of Smilax china L. against β-Amyloid Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metabolites 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38248852 PMCID: PMC10818737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Smilax china L. (Chinaroot) is a natural herb that has multiple uses, such as being used to make tea and food. Both its roots and leaves have different uses due to their unique components. In this study, we analyzed the extract of S. china. roots using LC-HRMS and evaluated the neuroprotective effects and metabolic regulation of S. china on Caenorhabditis elegans. Chinaroot extract prolonged the life span of healthy nematodes, delayed the paralysis time of transgenic CL4176, and reduced the level of β-amyloid deposition in transgenic CL2006. The comprehensive analysis of metabolomics and qRT-PCR revealed that Chinaroot extract exerted neuroprotective effects through the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation and fatty acid degradation pathways. Moreover, we first discovered that the expressions of T09B4.8, ech-7, and agxt-1 were linked to the neuroprotective effects of Chinaroot. The material exerted neuroprotective effects by modulating metabolic abnormalities in AD model C. elegans. Our study provides a new foundation for the development of functional food properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuchan Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulan Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xutong Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Li W, Li H, Song J, Xing Y, Fang L, Wang X, Wu D, Min W. Mechanism of Intestinal Epithelial Absorption and Electrophysiological Regulation of the Shrimp Peptide QMDDQ. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:326-338. [PMID: 38155399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the absorption mechanism of the shrimp peptide QMDDQ in small intestines, explored its physiological function in inhibiting neuronal hyperactivity, and verified its entry into the brain in vivo to display functional activity. The everted rat sac model and a Caco-2 paracellular absorption monolayer model were used, indicating that QMDDQ has a good absorption capacity with an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) > 1 × 10-6 cm/s and the absorption of QMDDQ was concentration-dependent. When the concentration of QMDDQ was 1 mM and the transport time was 180 min, the highest absorption concentration of QMDDQ was 41.17 ± 3.48 μM (P < 0.05). The myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)-specific inhibitor ML-7 and activator MPA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence results showed that QMDDQ absorption takes place by mediating the MLCK-p-MLCK-MLC signaling pathway, reversibly opening the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin in tight junctions (TJs), upregulating claudin-2 expression, and reaching targets through blood to inhibit neuronal overactivity. Results of fluorescence imaging in vivo verified that QMDDQ could enter the brain 4 h after oral administration. The results provide a theoretical foundation for the mechanism of paracellular absorption of active peptides and a starting point for the development of functional foods for Alzheimer's disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P.R. China
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Wang M, Bai QX, Zheng XX, Hu WJ, Wang S, Tang HP, Yu AQ, Yang BY, Kuang HX. Smilax china L.: A review of its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, actual and potential applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116992. [PMID: 37541403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax china L., an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine, is known as Baqia in China. It has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aims to provide an up-to-date review at the advancements of the investigations on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacological effect and actual and potential applications of S. china. Besides, the possible tendency and perspective for future research of this plant are discussed, as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article uses "Smilax china L." "S. china" as the keyword and collects relevant information on Smilax china L. plants through electronic searches (Elsevier, PubMed, ACS, CNKI, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science), relevant books, and classic literature about Chinese herb. RESULTS 134 chemical constituents, among which steroid saponins and flavonoids are the predominant groups, have been isolated and identified from S. china. S. china with its active compounds is possessed of wide-reaching biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, detoxify nicotine, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-hyperuricaemia, anti-hypertension, promoting skin wound and barrier repair and anti-bacterial activity. Besides, S. china is also applied to other fields, such as food industry and detection technology. CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of the existing phytochemical studies on Smilax china L., the structural characterization of Smilax china L. extract can continue to be the focus of future research. Pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated some of the traditional uses of Smilax china L. extract, while other traditional uses still need to be confirmed by research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Qian-Xiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiu-Xi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Wen-Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Ai-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Yang K, Han HS, An SH, Park KH, Nam K, Hwang S, Lee Y, Cho SY, Kim T, Choe D, Kim SW, Yu W, Lee H, Park J, You S, Jo DG, Choi KY, Roh YH, Park JH. Mucoadhesive chitosan microcapsules for controlled gastrointestinal delivery and oral bioavailability enhancement of low molecular weight peptides. J Control Release 2024; 365:422-434. [PMID: 37863357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive compound, collagen peptide (CP), is widely used for biological activities such as anti-photoaging and antioxidant effects, with increased oral bioavailability because of its low molecular weight and high hydrophilicity. However, controlling release time and increasing retention time in the digestive tract for a more convenient oral administration is still a challenge. We developed CP-loaded chitosan (CS) microcapsules via strong and rapid ionic gelation using a highly negative phytic acid (PA) crosslinker. The platform enhanced the oral bioavailability of CP with controlled gastrointestinal delivery by utilizing the mucoadhesiveness and tight junction-opening properties of CS. CS and CP concentrations varied from 1.5 to 3.5% and 0-30%, respectively, for optimal and stable microcapsule synthesis. The physicochemical properties, in vitro release profile with intestinal permeability, in vivo oral bioavailability, in vivo biodistribution, anti-photoaging effect, and antioxidant effect of optimized CS microcapsules were analyzed to investigate the impact of controlling parameters. The structure of CS microcapsules was tuned by PA diffused gradient ionic cross-linking degree, resulting in a controlled CP release region in the gastrointestinal tract. The optimized microcapsules increased Cmax, AUC, and tmax by 1.5-, 3.4-, and 8.0-fold, respectively. Furthermore, CP in microcapsules showed anti-photoaging effects by downregulating matrix metalloproteinases-1 via antioxidant effects. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to microencapsulate CP for oral bioavailability enhancement. The peptide delivery method employed is simple, economical, and can be applied to customize bioactive compound administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan An
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinha Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuyeon Lee
- Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Cho
- Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokyeong Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyu Yu
- Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Lee
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, 445-8, Gyeongin-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Nutrex Technology, 670 Daewangpangyo-ro, Seongnam 13494, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 120, Republic of Korea; East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung, Gangwon 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Zhang Y, Wu N, Wang J, Chen Z, Wu Z, Song M, Zheng Z, Wang K. Gastrointestinal metabolism characteristics and mechanism of a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126357. [PMID: 37595710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Grifola frondosa polysaccharide (GFP) is mainly composed of α-1,4 glycosidic bonds and possesses multiple pharmacological activities. However, the absence of pharmacokinetic studies has limited its further development and utilization. Herein, GFP was labeled with 5-DTAF (FGFP) and cyanine 5.5 amine (GFP-Cy5.5) to investigate its gastrointestinal metabolism characteristics and mechanism. Significant distributions of the polysaccharide in the liver and kidneys were observed by near infrared imaging. To investigate the specific distribution form of the polysaccharide, in vitro digestion models were constructed and revealed that FGFP was degraded in saliva and rat small intestine extract. The metabolites were detected in the stomach and small intestine, followed by further degradation in the distal intestine in the in vivo experiment. Subsequent investigations showed that α-amylase was involved in the gastrointestinal degradation of GFP, and its metabolite finally entered the kidneys, where it was excreted directly with urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Niuniu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengzi Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ziming Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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10
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Li R, Chen Y, Jia M, Jiang X, Wang L. Pharmacokinetics and absorption mechanism of tandospirone citrate. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283103. [PMID: 38027008 PMCID: PMC10657815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tandospirone citrate (TDS) is commonly used for the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder in clinical practice, and several studies are developing new indications for TDS. However, the in vivo processes and absorption properties of TDS have not been systematically investigated. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive investigation using in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo approaches, involving animal and cellular models, to examine the pharmacokinetic properties and absorption mechanisms of TDS. The results of in vivo studies revealed that the half-life (t 1/2) of TDS was 1.380 ± 0.46 h and 1.224 ± 0.39 h following intragastric (i.g.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration of 20 mg/kg TDS, respectively. This indicates that TDS is rapidly eliminated in rats. The area under the curve (AUC) of TDS after i.g. and i.v. administration was 114.7 ± 40 ng/mL*h and 48,400 ± 19,110 ng/mL*h, respectively, and the absolute bioavailability of TDS was found to be low (0.24%). Furthermore, TDS was extensively metabolized in rats, with the AUC of the major active metabolite [1-[2-pyrimidyl]-piperazine] being approximately 16.38-fold higher than that of TDS after i.g. administration. The results from the in vitro Caco-2 cell model and ex vivo everted gut sac experiment demonstrated that TDS exhibited good permeability, and its transport was influenced by concentration, temperature, and pH. Passive diffusion was identified as the main absorption mechanism. In conclusion, TDS is classified as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I drug, characterized by high solubility and permeability. The low absolute bioavailability of TDS may be attributed to its rapid metabolism. The pharmacokinetic data and absorption characteristics obtained in this study provide fundamental information for the further development and utilization of TDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mi Jia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Yuan H, Guo C, Liu L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Pan B, Tang X. Progress and prospects of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120838. [PMID: 37059563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The oral route has long been recognized as the most preferred route for drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance and requires minimal expertise. Unlike small molecule drugs, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across the intestinal epithelium make oral delivery extremely ineffective for macromolecules. Accordingly, delivery systems that are rationally constructed with suitable materials to overcome barriers to oral delivery are exceptionally promising. Among the most ideal materials are polysaccharides. Depending on the interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, the thermodynamic loading and release of proteins in the aqueous phase can be realized. Specific polysaccharides (dextran, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, etc.) endow systems with functional properties, including muco-adhesiveness, pH-responsiveness, and prevention of enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, multiple groups in polysaccharides can be modified, which gives them a variety of properties and enables them to suit specific needs. This review provides an overview of different types of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers based on different kinds of interaction forces and the influencing factors in the construction of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. Strategies of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of orally administered proteins/peptides were described. Additionally, current restrictions and future trends of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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12
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Versatile functionalization of pectic conjugate: From design to biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 306:120605. [PMID: 36746571 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pectin exists extensively in nature and has attracted much attention in biological applications for its unique chemical and physical characteristics. Functionalized pectin, especially pectic conjugates, has given many possibilities for pectin to improve its properties and bioactivity as well as to deliver active molecules. To better exploit this strategy of pectic functionalization, this review presents in detail the structural modifications of pectin, different synthetic methods, and design strategies of pectic conjugates involving both traditional chemical and "green" approaches. Here, the research ideas and applications of pectic prodrugs as well as the development of preparation based on pectic conjugates are reviewed, with emphasis on crosslinking systems of functionalized pectin and nanosystems based on self-assembly techniques. We hope this review will provide comprehensive and valuable information for the functionalization and systematization of the pectic conjugate from synthesis to application.
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13
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Wang Y, Han J, Yue Y, Wu Y, Zhang W, Xia W, Wu M. Purification, structure identification and immune activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Cynanchum Auriculatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124142. [PMID: 36972816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
The crude polysaccharides CAPS and CAP of Cynanchum Auriculatum, which were prepared by degrading starch by single-enzymatic method (α-amylase) and double-enzymatic method (α-amylase and glucoamylase) respectively, were compared. CAP had good water solubility and higher non-starch polysaccharide content. A homogeneous neutral polysaccharide CAPW, with the degree of acetylation about 17 %, was obtained from CAP by anion exchange column chromatography. Its detailed structure was identified by various methods. CAPW, with the weight average molecular weight of 8.4 kDa, was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 1.27:1.00:0.25:0.10:1.16. The backbone included β-1,4-Manp, β-1,4,6-Manp, β-1,4-Glcp and β-1,4,6-Glcp residues, with branches at the O-6 position of β-1,4,6-Manp and β-1,4,6-Glcp residues, consisting of α-T-Araf, α-1,5-Araf, α-1,2,5-Araf, α-1,3,5-Araf, T-Xylp,1,4-Xylp, β-T-Manp and β-T-Galp residues. In vitro immunological experiments suggested that CAP-W improved the phagocytic ability of macrophages, stimulated the release of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells, promoted the expression of NF-κB and caused nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65.
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14
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Xiang N, Zhao J, Chang S, Li S, Liu S, Wang C. In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Euphorbia humifusa-Derived Polysaccharides and Their Protective Effect against Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040751. [PMID: 36832826 PMCID: PMC9956397 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia humifusa is a plant species with medicinal and food characteristics used to treat diarrhea and other intestinal diseases. This study investigated the prebiotic effects of E. humifusa-derived polysaccharides (EHPs) on human colonic microbiota and their regulatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). Structural characterization showed that EHPs mainly consisted of galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid and were heteropolysaccharides having molecular weights of 7.70 × 103 and 1.76 × 102 kDa, respectively. EHPs were identified as poorly absorbed macromolecules, verified by the apparent permeability coefficient values (Papp < 1.0 × 10-6 cm/s) and cellular uptake by Caco-2 cell monolayers. During in vitro fermentation studies, the contents of acetic, propionic, and valeric acids increased significantly in EHP-supplemented samples after 24 h compared to that in the control sample. Moreover, EHPs could alter the intestinal microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Holdemanella and reducing that of Escherichia-Shigella, Tyzzerella, and Parasutterella at the genus level. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model, EHPs alleviated UC symptoms by increasing the colon length, reversing the colon tissue damage and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these results suggest that EHPs could be utilized as a potential prebiotic or a promising nutritional strategy for UC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianbo Zhao
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siqiao Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-20-6164-8533
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15
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Pedrosa LDF, Fabi JP. Dietary fiber as a wide pillar of colorectal cancer prevention and adjuvant therapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-21. [PMID: 36606552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2164245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most incident and second most lethal type of cancer worldwide. Lifestyle and dietary patterns are the key factors for higher disease development risk. The dietary fiber intake from fruits and vegetables, mainly formed by food hydrocolloids, can help to lower the incidence of this type of neoplasia. Different food polysaccharides have applications in anti-tumoral therapy, such as coadjuvant to mainstream drugs, carriage-like properties, or direct influence on tumoral cells. Some classes include inulin, β-glucans, pectins, fucoidans, alginates, mucilages, and gums. Therefore, it is fundamental to discuss colorectal cancer mechanisms and the roles played by different polysaccharides in intestinal health. Genetic, environmental, and immunological modulation of mutated pathways regarding colorectal cancer has been explored before. Microbial diversity, byproduct formation (primarily short-chain fatty acids), inflammatory profile control, and tumoral mutated pathways regulation are thoroughly explored mechanisms by which dietary fiber sources influence a healthy gut ambiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Freitas Pedrosa
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Gan L, Wang J, Guo Y. Polysaccharides influence human health via microbiota-dependent and -independent pathways. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030063. [PMID: 36438731 PMCID: PMC9682087 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the most diverse molecules and can be extracted from abundant edible materials. Increasing research has been conducted to clarify the structure and composition of polysaccharides obtained from different materials and their effects on human health. Humans can only directly assimilate very limited polysaccharides, most of which are conveyed to the distal gut and fermented by intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the main mechanism underlying the bioactive effects of polysaccharides on human health involves the interaction between polysaccharides and microbiota. Recently, interest in the role of polysaccharides in gut health, obesity, and related disorders has increased due to the wide range of valuable biological activities of polysaccharides. The known roles include mechanisms that are microbiota-dependent and involve microbiota-derived metabolites and mechanisms that are microbiota-independent. In this review, we discuss the role of polysaccharides in gut health and metabolic diseases and the underlying mechanisms. The findings in this review provide information on functional polysaccharides in edible materials and facilitate dietary recommendations for people with health issues. To uncover the effects of polysaccharides on human health, more clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the therapeutic effects on gut and metabolic disease. Greater attention should be directed toward polysaccharide extraction from by-products or metabolites derived from food processing that are unsuitable for direct consumption, rather than extracting them from edible materials. In this review, we advanced the understanding of the structure and composition of polysaccharides, the mutualistic role of gut microbes, the metabolites from microbiota-fermenting polysaccharides, and the subsequent outcomes in human health and disease. The findings provide insight into the proper application of polysaccharides in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gan
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Mucoadhesive carriers for oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 351:504-559. [PMID: 36116580 PMCID: PMC9960552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the various dosage forms, oral medicine has extensive benefits including ease of administration and patients' compliance, over injectable, suppositories, ocular and nasal. Despite of extensive demand and emerging advantages, over 50% of therapeutic molecules are not available in oral form due to their physicochemical properties. More importantly, most of the biologics, proteins, peptide, and large molecular drugs are mostly available in injectable form. Conventional oral drug delivery system has limitation such as degradation and lack of stability within stomach due to presence of highly acidic gastric fluid, hinders their therapeutic efficacy and demand more frequent and higher dosing. Hence, formulation for controlled, sustained, and targeted drug delivery, need to be designed with feasibility to target the specific region of gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as stomach, small intestine, intestine lymphatic, and colon is challenging. Among various oral delivery approaches, mucoadhesive vehicles are promising and has potential for improving oral drug retention and controlled absorption to treat local diseases within the GI tract, as well systemic diseases. This review provides the overview about the challenges and opportunities to design mucoadhesive formulation for oral delivery of therapeutics in a way to target the specific region of the GI tract. Finally, we have concluded with future perspective and potential of mucoadhesive formulations for oral local and systemic delivery.
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18
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Wu Z, Zhang Y, Nie G, Liu J, Mei H, He Z, Dou P, Wang K. Tracking the gastrointestinal digestive and metabolic behaviour of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides by fluorescent labelling. Food Funct 2022; 13:7274-7286. [PMID: 35726749 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a typical acetylated glucomannan, has been widely applied in functional foods owing to its excellent bioactivity. However, the insufficiency of studies on in vivo process severely limits the further utilization of DOP. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the gastrointestinal digestive behaviour of DOP after oral administration by labelling it with two fluorescein aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acids, trisodium salt (APTS) and cyanine 7.5 (Cy7.5). Combining the results of NIR imaging and HPGPC, we found that DOP was poorly absorbed directly in the prototype form; instead, DOP moved with the intestinal contents to the distal part of the intestine, where Bacteroides aggregated for a prolonged time and was metabolized to oligosaccharide-like substances. In contrast, the digestive degradation of DOP in pseudo-sterile mice with a targeted clearance of Bacteroides significantly weakened, which provided the basis and direction for the subsequent search for more specific metabolic pathways of DOP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gang Nie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Junxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zihao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, 430030 Wuhan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Dou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, Tongji Medical College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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19
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Use of Fluorescent 2-AB to Explore the Bidirectional Transport Mechanism of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Polysaccharides across Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103192. [PMID: 35630667 PMCID: PMC9143353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are abundant in natural resources and perform numerous physiological functions. Polysaccharide structures often lack chromophore groups; thus, current analytical methods cannot distinguish polysaccharide metabolites in the body or polysaccharide prototypes in biological samples. Thus, the measurement of polysaccharides in blood, bodily fluid, and cell-culture medium is difficult. Our early-stage research resulted in the isolation of two homogeneous polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla, PHP0.5MSC-F and PHPH-1-2, which have anti-hyperglycemia and insulin resistance improvement effects for type 2 diabetes. In this study, the reducing terminal sugars of PHP0.5MSC-F and PHPH-1-2 were labeled with 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) to prepare novel fluorescent probes for HPLC-coupled fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Quantitative analysis was performed in reference to T40, and the detection limit for PHP0.5MSC-F was found to be 8.84 μg/mL with a linear range of 29.45-683.28 μg/mL. In reference to T70, the detection limit for PHPH-1-2 was found to be 13.89 μg/mL with a linear range of 46.29-462.76 μg/mL. This method was used to measure the bidirectional transport of polysaccharides across caco-2 cells from apical to basolateral (AP→BL) or from basolateral to apical (BL→AP) directions and to evaluate the polysaccharide bioavailability. The drug absorption capacity was determined based on the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), and the Papp values for the two polysaccharides were found to be greater than 1 × 10-6 cm/s, which suggests easy absorption. Regarding bidirectional transport, the AP→BL Papp values were greater than the BL→AP values; thus, PHP0.5MSC-F and PHPH-1-2 mainly underwent passive transference. The two membrane permeable polysaccharides were not P-gp efflux transporter substrates. The absorption mechanism of PHP0.5MSC-F complies with passive diffusion under a concentration gradient, whereas PHPH-1-2 mainly utilizes a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway to enter caco-2 cells. This innovative HPLC-FLD method can help to track polysaccharide internalization in vitro and in vivo to facilitate cellular uptake and biodistribution exploration.
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20
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Advances in oral absorption of polysaccharides: Mechanism, affecting factors, and improvement strategies. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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In vivo pharmacokinetic study of a Cucurbita moschata polysaccharide after oral administration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Application of Fucoidan in Caco-2 Model Establishment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040418. [PMID: 35455415 PMCID: PMC9024647 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caco-2 model is a common cell model for material intestinal absorption in vitro, which usually takes 21 days to establish. Although some studies have shown that adding puromycin (PM) can shorten the model establishment period to 7 days, this still requires a long modeling time. Therefore, exploring a shorter modeling method can reduce the experimental costs and promote the development and application of the model. Fucoidan is an acidic polysaccharide with various biological activities. Our study showed that the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value could reach 600 Ω·cm2 on the fourth day after the addition of fucoidan and puromycin, which met the applicable standards of the model (>500 Ω). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, fluorescein sodium transmittance, and cell morphology of this model all met the requirements of model establishment. Fucoidan did not affect the absorption of macromolecular proteins and drugs. The results indicate that fucoidan can be applied to establish the Caco-2 model and can shorten the model establishment period to 5 days.
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Guo R, Chen M, Ding Y, Yang P, Wang M, Zhang H, He Y, Ma H. Polysaccharides as Potential Anti-tumor Biomacromolecules —A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838179. [PMID: 35295918 PMCID: PMC8919066 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, as one of the most life-threatening diseases, has attracted the attention of researchers to develop drugs with minimal side effects. The bioactive macromolecules, such as the polysaccharides, are considered the potential candidates against cancer due to their anti-tumor activities and non-toxic characteristics. The present review provides an overview on polysaccharides' extraction, isolation, purification, mechanisms for their anti-tumor activities, structure-activity relationships, absorption and metabolism of polysaccharides, and the applications of polysaccharides in anti-tumor therapy. Numerous research showed extraction methods of polysaccharides had a significant influence on their activities. Additionally, the anti-tumor activities of the polysaccharides are closely related to their structure, while molecular modification and high bioavailability may enhance the anti-tumor activity. Moreover, most of the polysaccharides exerted an anti-tumor activity mainly through the cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immunomodulation mechanisms. Also, recommendations were made to utilize the polysaccharides against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pengyao Yang
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanqing He
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanqing He
| | - Haile Ma
- College of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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