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Hassan M, Shahzadi S, Ransom RF, Kloczkowski A. Nature's Own Pharmacy: Mushroom-Based Chemical Scaffolds and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15596. [PMID: 37958579 PMCID: PMC10647524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are new potential sources of valuable medicines, long neglected because of difficulties experienced in their cultivation. There is a large variety of medicinal mushrooms which possess significant therapeutic properties and are used as medications for various diseases because they contain several novel highly bioactive components. Medicinal mushrooms can be identified based on their morphology, size, mass, and the color of the stalk, cap and spore, and attachment to the stalk. Medicinal mushrooms possess a variety of important biological activities and are used as antioxidants, hepatoprotectors, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial agents, among others. This review provides a basic overview of the chemical scaffolds present in mushrooms and their therapeutic implications in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (M.H.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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2
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Sun L, Jiang J, Jing T, Hu D, Zhu J, Zeng Y, Pang Y, Huang D, Cheng S, Cao C. A polysaccharide NAP-3 from Naematelia aurantialba: Structural characterization and adjunctive hypoglycemic activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121124. [PMID: 37479455 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel polysaccharide (NAP-3) was isolated and purified from Naematelia aurantialba after water extraction. The structure of NAP-3, which was determined by FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR, indicated that NAP-3 was a homogeneous polysaccharide with the molecular weight of 428 kDa, mainly consisted of β-1, 3-D-Manp, β-1, 2, 3-D-Manp, β-D-Xylp, β-1, 4-D-Glcp, β-1, 4-D-Rhap in a molar ratio of 6.49: 1.11: 2.4: 0.13: 0.83. In vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assay showed that NAP-3 had a low IC50 value, which exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory activity as acarbose. NAP-3 was evaluated as an adjuvant with metformin for antidiabetic therapy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice and insulin resistance HepG2 cells. The combination of NAP-3 and metformin in diabetic mice exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity, reducing body weight, serum insulin levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and increasing antioxidant levels compared to metformin alone. The combination of NAP-3 and metformin improved oxidative stress by increasing ROS clearance, thereby enhancing glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. This study provided new data for the study of Naematelia aurantialba polysaccharides and offers a new adjuvant therapy for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yalun Pang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, National R&D Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Processing, College of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Chemical Constituents and Molecular Mechanism of the Yellow Phenotype of Yellow Mushroom (Floccularia luteovirens). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030314. [PMID: 35330317 PMCID: PMC8949800 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Yellow mushroom (Floccularia luteovirens) is a natural resource that is highly nutritional, has a high economic value, and is found in Northwest China. Despite its value, the chemical and molecular mechanisms of yellow phenotype formation are still unclear. (2) Methods: This study uses the combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome to explain the molecular mechanism of the formation of yellow mushroom. Subcellular localization and transgene overexpression techniques were used to verify the function of the candidate gene. (3) Results: 112 compounds had a higher expression in yellow mushroom; riboflavin was the ninth most-expressed compound. HPLC showed that a key target peak at 23.128 min under visible light at 444 nm was Vb2. All proteins exhibited the closest relationship with Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus H97. One riboflavin transporter, CL911.Contig3_All (FlMCH5), was highly expressed in yellow mushrooms with a different value (log2 fold change) of −12.98, whereas it was not detected in white mushrooms. FlMCH5 was homologous to the riboflavin transporter MCH5 or MFS transporter in other strains, and the FlMCH5-GFP fusion protein was mainly located in the cell membrane. Overexpression of FlMCH5 in tobacco increased the content of riboflavin in three transgenic plants to 26 μg/g, 26.52 μg/g, and 36.94 μg/g, respectively. (4) Conclusions: In this study, it is clear that riboflavin is the main coloring compound of yellow mushrooms, and FlMCH5 is the key transport regulatory gene that produces the yellow phenotype.
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Mushroom-derived polysaccharides as antitumor and anticancer agent: A concise review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Klassen L, Xing X, Tingley JP, Low KE, King ML, Reintjes G, Abbott DW. Approaches to Investigate Selective Dietary Polysaccharide Utilization by Human Gut Microbiota at a Functional Level. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632684. [PMID: 33679661 PMCID: PMC7933471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet is temporally and spatially dynamic, and influenced by culture, regional food systems, socioeconomics, and consumer preference. Such factors result in enormous structural diversity of ingested glycans that are refractory to digestion by human enzymes. To convert these glycans into metabolizable nutrients and energy, humans rely upon the catalytic potential encoded within the gut microbiome, a rich collective of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The development of high-throughput sequencing methods has enabled microbial communities to be studied with more coverage and depth, and as a result, cataloging the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome has become routine. Efforts to unravel the microbial processes governing glycan digestion by the gut microbiome, however, are still in their infancy and will benefit by retooling our approaches to study glycan structure at high resolution and adopting next-generation functional methods. Also, new bioinformatic tools specialized for annotating carbohydrate-active enzymes and predicting their functions with high accuracy will be required for deciphering the catalytic potential of sequence datasets. Furthermore, physiological approaches to enable genotype-phenotype assignments within the gut microbiome, such as fluorescent polysaccharides, has enabled rapid identification of carbohydrate interactions at the single cell level. In this review, we summarize the current state-of-knowledge of these methods and discuss how their continued development will advance our understanding of gut microbiome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P. Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kristin E. Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L. King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Greta Reintjes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - D. Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Immunoenhancing glucuronoxylomannan from Tremella aurantialba Bandoni et Zang and its low-molecular-weight fractions by radical depolymerization: Properties, structures and effects on macrophages. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 238:116184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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Structural characterization and immunomodulating activities of polysaccharides from a newly collected wild Morchella sextelata. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:608-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Injury Rehabilitation of Chemically Modified Polysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Sivanandhan S, Khusro A, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S, Al-Dhabi NA. Biocontrol Properties of Basidiomycetes: An Overview. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E2. [PMID: 29371521 PMCID: PMC5715959 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, there is an urgent need for alternate ecofriendly products to control plant diseases. These alternate products must possess preferable characteristics such as new modes of action, cost effectiveness, biodegradability, and target specificity. In the current scenario, studies on macrofungi have been an area of importance for scientists. Macrofungi grow prolifically and are found in many parts of the world. Basidiomycetes (mushrooms) flourish ubiquitously under warm and humid climates. Basidiomycetes are rich sources of natural antibiotics. The secondary metabolites produced by them possess antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. The present review discusses the potential role of Basidiomycetes as anti-phytofungal, anti-phytobacterial, anti-phytoviral, mosquito larvicidal, and nematicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Michael Gabriel Paulraj
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India.
- The International Scientific Partnership Program (ISPP), King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Nyman AAT, Aachmann FL, Rise F, Ballance S, Samuelsen ABC. Structural characterization of a branched (1 → 6)-α-mannan and β-glucans isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 146:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Liu C, Sun Y, Mao Q, Guo X, Li P, Liu Y, Xu N. Characteristics and Antitumor Activity of Morchella esculenta Polysaccharide Extracted by Pulsed Electric Field. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060986. [PMID: 27338370 PMCID: PMC4926515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Morchella esculenta have been proven to be functional and helpful for humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical structure and anti-proliferating and antitumor activities of a Morchella esculenta polysaccharide (MEP) extracted by pulsed electric field (PEF) in submerged fermentation. The endo-polysaccharide was separated and purified by column chromatography and Gel permeation chromatography, and analyzed by gas chromatography. The MEP with an average molecular weight of 81,835 Da consisted of xylose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose and galactose at the ratio of 5.4:5.0:6.5:7.8:72.3. Structure of MEP was further analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H and 13C liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Apoptosis tests proved that MEP could inhibit the proliferation and growth of human colon cancer HT-29 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner within 48 h. This study provides more information on chemical structure of anti-proliferating polysaccharides isolated from Morchella esculenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
- School of Food Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Yonghai Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Qian Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Peng Li
- School of Food Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Na Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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12
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Du X, Zhang Y, Mu H, Lv Z, Yang Y, Zhang J. Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide (TAPB1) from Tremella aurantialba. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Chemical modification of an acidic polysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba and potential biological activities. Food Chem 2014; 143:336-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Ogura T, Date Y, Kikuchi J. Differences in Cellulosic Supramolecular Structure of Compositionally Similar Rice Straw Affect Biomass Metabolism by Paddy Soil Microbiota. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66919. [PMID: 23840554 PMCID: PMC3686774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because they are strong and stable, lignocellulosic supramolecular structures in plant cell walls are resistant to decomposition. However, they can be degraded and recycled by soil microbiota. Little is known about the biomass degradation profiles of complex microbiota based on differences in cellulosic supramolecular structures without compositional variations. Here, we characterized and evaluated the cellulosic supramolecular structures and composition of rice straw biomass processed under different milling conditions. We used a range of techniques including solid- and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy followed by thermodynamic and microbial degradability characterization using thermogravimetric analysis, solution-state NMR, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. These measured data were further analyzed using an "ECOMICS" web-based toolkit. From the results, we found that physical pretreatment of rice straw alters the lignocellulosic supramolecular structure by cleaving significant molecular lignocellulose bonds. The transformation from crystalline to amorphous cellulose shifted the thermal degradation profiles to lower temperatures. In addition, pretreated rice straw samples developed different microbiota profiles with different metabolic dynamics during the biomass degradation process. This is the first report to comprehensively characterize the structure, composition, and thermal degradation and microbiota profiles using the ECOMICS toolkit. By revealing differences between lignocellulosic supramolecular structures of biomass processed under different milling conditions, our analysis revealed how the characteristic compositions of microbiota profiles develop in addition to their metabolic profiles and dynamics during biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Ogura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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15
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Boltovets PM, Polischuk OM, Kovalenko OG, Snopok BA. A simple SPR-based method for the quantification of the effect of potential virus inhibitors. Analyst 2013; 138:480-6. [PMID: 23162808 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a highly sensitive method that allows for the correct quantification of inhibition effect with a higher degree of accuracy directly at the molecular level. The protocol involves two stages, namely serological virus titration in comparison with the same procedure for virus-effector mixture. Owing to the robustness of the analysis this assay can be performed on crude cellular and plant extracts, and therefore it may be suitable for the routine analysis of clinical samples, or in the field. The efficiency of the approach to the quantification of the inhibition effect of polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) on the infection efficiency of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated using advanced serological approaches based on label-free surface plasmon resonance technique. It was shown that GXM drastically decreases the efficiency of TMV infection by blocking up to 70% of the virus shell. The obtained results are in conformity with the method of indicator plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praskoviya M Boltovets
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki, 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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16
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Lin Y, Liu J, Hu Y, Song X, Zhao Y. An antioxidant exopolysaccharide devoid of pro-oxidant activity produced by the soil bacterium Bordetella sp. B4. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 124:245-251. [PMID: 22989652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS) with a molecular weight of 230 kDa, was isolated from Bordetella sp. B4. The EPS was identified as linear alpha-1,6-(6-methyl)-glucan with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine branches at alpha-1, 4-linkages by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The free radical scavenging capacities of EPS on 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(+)), H(2)O(2), -OH and lipid peroxidation were 2-, 86-, 134- and 18-fold higher than that of ascorbic acid, respectively. Compared with ascorbic acid, the EPS was more effective in preventing DNA and protein from free radical damage induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). More significantly, the EPS did not degrade DNA and protein by the pro-oxidant effect in the presence of copper ions and H(2)O(2). Furthermore, EPS could protect human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) from high glucose-mediated damage. The production of EPS reached 10.2 g/L in the fermentation medium containing 3.0 g/L cholesterol, suggesting that Bordetella sp. B4 was a potential producer of antioxidant EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Lin
- Department of Center Laboratory, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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17
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Medicinal mushrooms in supportive cancer therapies: an approach to anti-cancer effects and putative mechanisms of action. FUNGAL DIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Chlubnová I, Sylla B, Nugier-Chauvin C, Daniellou R, Legentil L, Kralová B, Ferrières V. Natural glycans and glycoconjugates as immunomodulating agents. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:937-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Ma Z, Zhang L, Nishiyama Y, Marais MF, Mazeau K, Vignon M. The molecular structure and solution conformation of an acidic heteropolysaccharide from Auricularia auricula-judae. Biopolymers 2010; 95:217-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Evsenko MS, Shashkov AS, Avtonomova AV, Krasnopolskaya LM, Usov AI. Polysaccharides of basidiomycetes. alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the mycelium of white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:533-42. [PMID: 19538127 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides were isolated from submergedly cultured mycelium of the basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum by extraction with alkali followed by fractionation with Fehling reagent. The polysaccharides were shown to be a linear (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan and a highly branched xylomannan containing a backbone built up of (1-->3)-linked alpha-D-mannopyranose residues, the majority of which are substituted at O-4 by single beta-D-xylopyranose residues or by disaccharide fragments beta-D-Manp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Xylp-(1-->. Polysaccharide structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy in combination with methylation analysis and periodate oxidation. An interesting feature of the xylomannan is the simultaneous presence of alpha-D-mannopyranose and beta-D-mannopyranose residues, the first forming the backbone, and the second being the non-reducing terminal units of disaccharide side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Evsenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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21
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Du X, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ye L, Tang Q, Jia W, Liu Y, Zhou S, Hao R, Gong C, Pan Y. Structural elucidation and immuno-stimulating activity of an acidic heteropolysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:672-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Smiderle FR, Carbonero ER, Mellinger CG, Sassaki GL, Gorin PAJ, Iacomini M. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide and a beta-glucan isolated from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2189-96. [PMID: 16884744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two polysaccharides were isolated from the basidiomycete Flammulina velutipes, via successive hot extraction with water, 2% and 25% aq. KOH, and then submitted to freeze-drying. The precipitate formed by repeated freeze-thawing from the 2% aq. KOH extraction PK2 was analyzed by determination of its monosaccharide composition, as well as by methylation analyses using GC-MS, mono- ((13)C, (1)H NMR) and bidimensional ((1)H (obs.), (13)C HMQC) spectroscopy, and controlled Smith degradations. It was established to be a branched beta-glucan, with a main chain of (1-->3)-linked-Glcp residues, substituted at O-6 by single-unit beta-Glcp side chains. The precipitate formed by repeated freeze-thawing from the 25% KOH extraction PK25 contained Xyl, Man, and Glc and was heterogeneous by HSPEC and extraction with DMSO gave a soluble xylomannan (XM). It was homogeneous with a molar mass 30.8 x 10(4)g/mol (dn/dc=0.186). Using the above chemical analyses, it was a xylomannan with Man and Xyl in a 3:2 molar ratio. Its main chain consisted of (1-->3)-linked alpha-Manp units, mainly substituted at O-4 by beta-Xylp units or with some beta-Xylp-(1-->3)-beta-Xylp groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fhernanda R Smiderle
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP-19046, CEP-81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Lo HC, Tsai FA, Wasser SP, Yang JG, Huang BM. Effects of ingested fruiting bodies, submerged culture biomass, and acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan of Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr. on glycemic responses in normal and diabetic rats. Life Sci 2006; 78:1957-66. [PMID: 16289235 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides have been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. Using male Wistar rats injected with saline (normal rats), streptozotocin (STZ-NT rats), or streptozotocin plus nicotinamide (STZ+NT rats), we investigated the hypoglycemic activity of orally ingested fruiting bodies (FB), submerged culture biomass (CM), or the acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of Tremella mesenterica, an edible jelly mushroom. Our results demonstrated that FB ingestion significantly attenuated the elevated blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in STZ-NT rats. However, in STZ+NT rats, FB, CM, and GXM ingestion significantly attenuated the increases in food and water intake, 2-h postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and blood glucose levels in OGTT. Moreover, FB and GXM ingestion significantly decreased serum concentration of fructosamine in STZ+NT rats. Our results indicated that T. mesenterica might be developed as a potential oral hypoglycemic agent or functional food for diabetic patients and for persons with high risk for diabetes mellitus.
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MESH Headings
- Agaricales/chemistry
- Agaricales/growth & development
- Animals
- Biomass
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypoglycemia/blood
- Hypoglycemia/drug therapy
- Male
- Niacinamide
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Lo
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang-Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan.
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