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Ng CYJ, Lai NPY, Ng WM, Siah KTH, Gan RY, Zhong LLD. Chemical structures, extraction and analysis technologies, and bioactivities of edible fungal polysaccharides from Poria cocos: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129555. [PMID: 38278384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a popular medicinal food. Polysaccharides are the key component of Poria cocos, forming 70-90 % of the dry sclerotia mass. Recent studies indicate that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-Cs) have multiple beneficial functions and applications. A literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. For this review, we provided an updated research progress in chemical structures, various extraction and analysis technologies, bioactivities of PCP-Cs, and insights into the directions for future research. The main polysaccharides identified in Poria cocos are water-soluble polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides. Hot water, alkali, supercritical fluid, ultrasonic, enzyme, and deep eutectic solvent-based methods are the most common methods for PCP-Cs extraction. Technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, are commonly used to evaluate the qualities of PCP-Cs. In addition, PCP-Cs have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroregulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and gut microbiota regulatory properties. Future research is needed to focus on scaling up extraction, enhancing quality control, elucidating mechanisms of bioactivities, and the utilisation of PCP-Cs in food industries. Overall, Poria cocos is a good source of edible fungi polysaccharides, which can be developed into functional foods with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Poh Yee Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wen Min Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Lv Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Lei Y, Pan M, Wang Z, Xiao W, Dai Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129878. [PMID: 38309394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of Poria cocos polysaccharides, a water-soluble homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP-2) was isolated by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and further purified by Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-100HR column chromatography. PCP-2 is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 42.0: 35.0: 13.9: 9.1. It exhibits a narrow molecular weight distribution at 2.35 kDa with a branching degree of 37.1 %. The main chain types of PCP-2 include 1,3-β-D-Glc and 1,6-β-D-Glc as the backbone glucans and 1,6-α-D-Gal as the backbone heterogalactan. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PCP-2 directly stimulate RAW264.7 cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors such as NO and TNF-α. In cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice, it promotes the development of thymus and spleen immune organs, elevates the blood levels of IgG, IgA, IgM and CD3+CD4+ T cells, increases the intestinal villus height/ crypt depth ratio and improves gut barrier dysfunctions. These findings suggest that PCP-2 is a natural fungal polysaccharide with broad spectrum of immunoenhancing effects, which can significantly ameliorate the immunocompromised state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Dongfan Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Yipeng Lei
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222001, China.
| | - Yujie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Wold CW, Christopoulos PF, Arias MA, Dzovor DE, Øynebråten I, Corthay A, Inngjerdingen KT. Fungal polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus are agonists for Toll-like receptors and induce macrophage anti-cancer activity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:222. [PMID: 38396285 PMCID: PMC10891174 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal polysaccharides can exert immunomodulating activity by triggering pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on innate immune cells such as macrophages. Here, we evaluate six polysaccharides isolated from the medicinal fungus Inonotus obliquus for their ability to activate mouse and human macrophages. We identify two water-soluble polysaccharides, AcF1 and AcF3, being able to trigger several critical antitumor functions of macrophages. AcF1 and AcF3 activate macrophages to secrete nitric oxide and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Combined with interferon-γ, the fungal polysaccharides trigger high production of IL-12p70, a central cytokine for antitumor immunity, and induce macrophage-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. AcF1 and AcF3 are strong agonists of the PRRs Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4, and weak agonists of Dectin-1. In comparison, two prototypical particulate β-glucans, one isolated from I. obliquus and one from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (zymosan), are agonists for Dectin-1 but not TLR2 or TLR4, and are unable to trigger anti-cancer functions of macrophages. We conclude that the water-soluble polysaccharides AcF1 and AcF3 from I. obliquus have a strong potential for cancer immunotherapy by triggering multiple PRRs and by inducing potent anti-cancer activity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Winther Wold
- Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Maykel A Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Deborah Elikplim Dzovor
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Lu MK, Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Sodium sulfate addition increases the bioresource of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128699. [PMID: 38092106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungal sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, sodium sulfate was employed as an elicitor to induce stress on the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea for the biosynthesis of SPS with high sulfate content. Sodium sulfate treatments increased the yield of SPS to 4.46 % and increased the sulfate content to 6.8 mmol/g of SPS. SPS were extracted from A. cinnamomea cultured with 500 mM sodium sulfate; these SPSs are denoted as Na500. Na500 exhibited the highest sulfate content and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced production of macrophage interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, Na500 hindered the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. A purified 7.79 kDa galactoglucan, Na500 F3, augmented the anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting LPS-induced TGFβ release. Additionally, Na500 F3 restrained the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38, ERK, AKT, and TGFRII in RAW264.7 cells. Na500 F3 impeded the proliferation of lung cancer H1975 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, ERK, and Slug. The anti-inflammation and anticancer properties of Antrodia SPS contribute to its health benefits, suggesting its utility in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Fornal M, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Jaszek M, Stefaniuk D, Wiater A, Komaniecka I, Matuszewski Ł, Matuszewska A. A New Exopolysaccharide from a Wood-Decaying Fungus Spongipellis borealis for a Wide Range of Biotechnological Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:6120. [PMID: 37630373 PMCID: PMC10459776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are a unique natural resource rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and other components. Polysaccharides are considered one of the most important bioactive components in fungi. Increasing numbers of studies have confirmed that fungal polysaccharides have various biological activities. Given these facts, the main aim of this investigation was to carry out isolation, identification, and structural characterisation of a new polysaccharide (EPS) derived from laboratory-cultured vegetative mycelium of a new Spongipellis borealis strain isolated from the environment. The examination of monosaccharides in the EPS demonstrated that the isolated biopolymer was composed mainly of glucose, galactose, and mannose monomers. The analysis of the methylation of the studied polymer indicated that it contained mainly terminal, →3)-linked, →4)-linked, and →2,4)-linked hexoses. The effect of fungal polysaccharides on S. borealis proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and pycnoporopepsin) and laccase activity was determined for the first time. Incubation of the enzyme preparation and EPS showed an influence of EPS on the stability of these enzymes, compared to the control values (without EPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Fornal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.-J.); (M.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Magdalena Jaszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.-J.); (M.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Dawid Stefaniuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.-J.); (M.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Matuszewski
- Pediatric Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Matuszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.-J.); (M.J.); (D.S.)
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Cao X, Liu C, Zhang M, Bi R, Fu M, Korik E, Chen J, Gao J, Semak I, Liu J. Bovine lactoferrin and Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide complex: The formation and the activity to protect islet β cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:811-820. [PMID: 34592222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of complexes may be used for the development of delivery systems in foods field. The aim of this study was to explore the interaction mechanism between Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) and bovine lactoferrin (BLF), and the activity of LMP-BLF complex to inhibit oxidative stress in islet β cells. The interaction mechanisms of LMP with BLF were investigated with multi-spectroscopic techniques. The multi-spectroscopic analysis result showed that LMP bound with BLF by van der Waals force and hydrogen bond. The quenching mechanism of BLF with LMP was static quenching. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, apoptosis and the related signaling pathways were detected with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 2,7-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot methods respectively. The complex alleviated apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and inhibited oxidative stress via MAPK pathways in MIN6 cells. In addition, the complex was able to promote glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. These results will broaden our understanding of LMP-BLF complexes and the applications of polysaccharide-protein complexes in the foods field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Chengying Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ruochen Bi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Mingyang Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Elena Korik
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Jiahe Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jianyun Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Igor Semak
- Department of Biochemistry Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave., 4, BSU, The Faculty of Biology, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshan Road 66, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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Kaleta B, Roszczyk A, Zych M, Kniotek M, Zagożdżon R, Klimaszewska M, Malinowska E, Pac M, Turło J. Selective Biological Effects of Selenium-Enriched Polysaccharide (Se-Le-30) Isolated from Lentinula edodes Mycelium on Human Immune Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121777. [PMID: 34944419 PMCID: PMC8698628 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A common edible mushroom Lentinula edodes, is an important source of numerous biologically active substances, including polysaccharides, with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the present work, the biological activity of the crude, homogenous (Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), which has been isolated from L. edodes mycelium by a modified Chihara method towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and peripheral granulocytes, was investigated. The Se-Le-30 fraction, an analog of lentinan, significantly inhibited the proliferation of human PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies or allostimulated, and down-regulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by CD3+ T cells. Moreover, it was found that Se-Le-30 significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. The results suggested the selective immunosuppressive activity of this fraction, which is non-typical for mushroom derived polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kaleta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-600301690
| | - Aleksander Roszczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Michał Zych
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Monika Kniotek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (M.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.)
| | - Marzenna Klimaszewska
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Eliza Malinowska
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Michał Pac
- Department of Immunology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.K.); (E.M.); (J.T.)
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Kuo HC, Liu YW, Lum CC, Hsu KD, Lin SP, Hsieh CW, Lin HW, Lu TY, Cheng KC. Ganoderma formosanum Exopolysaccharides Inhibit Tumor Growth via Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011251. [PMID: 34681911 PMCID: PMC8538369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma formosanum (GF) is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan. Previous research established the optimal culture conditions to produce exopolysaccharide rich in β-glucan (GF-EPS) from submerged fermentation of GF. The present study investigated the antitumor effects of GF-EPS in a Lewis lung carcinoma cell (LLC1) tumor-bearing mice model. In the preventive model, GF-EPS was orally administered to mice before LLC1 injection. In the therapeutic model, GF-EPS oral administration was initiated five days after tumor cell injection. The tumor size and body weight of the mice were recorded. After sacrifice, the lymphocyte subpopulation was analyzed using flow cytometry. Spleen tissues were used to analyze cytokine mRNA expression. The results showed that GF-EPS (80 mg/kg) effectively suppressed LLC1 tumor growth in both the preventive and therapeutic models. GF-EPS administration increased the proportion of natural killer cells in the spleen and activated gene expression of several cytokines. Our results provide evidence that GF-EPS promotes tumor inhibition through immunomodulation in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
- Research Fellow, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chin Lum
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-D.H.)
| | - Kai-Di Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-D.H.)
| | - Shin-Ping Lin
- Department of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Tze-Ying Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-D.H.)
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (K.-C.C.)
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Cai M, Xing H, Tian B, Xu J, Li Z, Zhu H, Yang K, Sun P. Characteristics and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum separated by cascade membrane technology. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118329. [PMID: 34294340 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, cascade membrane technology was utilized to classify polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum (GLPs). The properties and antifatigue activity of graded polysaccharides were identified and compared. GLPs were separated using cascade ultrafiltration membranes of 100 kDa, 10 kDa and 1 kDa in sequence. The molecular weights of polysaccharides in these GLP fractions were approximately 322.0 kDa, 18.8 kDa and 6.4 kDa, and all polysaccharides were in active β-configurations. This showed that all graded GLPs could elongate swimming time, improve endurance and promote fatigue recovery, especially polysaccharides with molecular weights above 10 kDa. This demonstrated that GLPs could decrease the activities of SUN and CK and the levels of MDA and BLA. They also increased the level of Gly, accelerated fat transformation, and improved the activities of GPx, SOD and LDH in all treated mice. Accordingly, GLPs above 10 kDa might be potential agents with antifatigue activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoyong Xing
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Longevity Valley Botanical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang 321200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research (Zhejiang University of Technology), China National Light Industry, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Cai L, Zhou S, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Cai Z. New insights into the anti- hepatoma mechanism of triple-helix β- glucan by metabolomics profiling. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118289. [PMID: 34294315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharide as the third abundant biomacromolecule has attracted considerable attentions due to their superior anti-tumor activities. However, the anti-tumor mechanism of polysaccharides has not been completely understood. Herein, the anti-tumor effects of black fungus polysaccharide (BFP), a typical β-glucan was comprehensively investigated, and the anti-tumor mechanism was obtained from metabolomics profiling. The in vitro results demonstrate that BFP inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatoma carcinoma cells (HCC) through inducing the cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at S phase without direct cytotoxicity. The hepatoma-bearing nude mice experiments further demonstrate that BFP could significantly inhibit the growth without system toxicity in vivo. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics unveils that BFP significantly disturbed the multiple metabolic pathways, leading to the inhibition of tumor cells proliferation by promoting DNA damage, attenuating DNA damage repair, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. This study provides new insights for pharmacological research and clinical practice of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shujun Zhou
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-based Medical Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Yu R, Sun M, Meng Z, Zhao J, Qin T, Ren Z. Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides enzymatic hydrolysis from Hericium erinaceus on the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:272-280. [PMID: 34303739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the indirect immunomodulatory activities and its mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (EHEP) in the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. According to the TEER value, transmission of phenol red and AKP activity of MODE-K cells, single model was established in order to evaluate the eligibility of MODE-K cells monolayer. Then the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model was set up and HEP and EHEP were added into the apical chamber, DCs were obtained for the expression of key surface markers, the ability of phagocytosis, the morphology, the secretion of cytokines and the production of target proteins. We found that after 21 d of culture, the MODE-K cells monolayer became intact and dense, which can be used for the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. Under the treatment of HEP and EHEP, immature DCs become into mature DCs with the high expression of CD86 and MHCII, the low antigens up-taking, the typical morphology, the more content of IL-12 and TNF-α and the high level of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB proteins. However, compared with HEP, EHEP showed the better immunomodulatory activities. These findings indicated that EHEP could indirectly affect the immune function of DCs in the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Mengke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jingchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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12
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López-Legarda X, Rostro-Alanis M, Parra-Saldivar R, Villa-Pulgarín JA, Segura-Sánchez F. Submerged cultivation, characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Schizophyllum radiatum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:919-932. [PMID: 34280450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Production of polysaccharides by white-rot-fungi in submerged cultivation has several advantages due to process control. This work deals with the submerged cultivation, extraction and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from a wild strain of Schizophyllum radiatum isolated from a tropical forest of Colombia. The mushroom was cultivated in laboratory conditions, and classified by classical and molecular taxonomy. Submerged cultivation was performed in a bioreactor of 5 L using a ligninolytic residue as substrate. The fermentation conditions were 30 ± 1 °C, pH 4.5, 300 rpm and 1.5 vvm of air for 4 days. The yields were 16.8 g/L (w/v) of biomass, and after extraction, 0.6 g/L of water-soluble exopolysaccharide (SEPS) and 2.01 % (w/w) of water-soluble intrapolysaccharide (SIPS) were obtained. In each extract total carbohydrate, glucans and protein contents were determined. Also, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high performance liquid chromatography with refraction index detection (HPLC-RI), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis were performed. Results indicated that SEPS and SIPS are heteropolysaccharides with amorphous structure and high molecular weights. Antitumor and immunostimulant activity was evaluated in different cancer cell lines. The results suggest these polysaccharides have direct and indirect antitumor activity activating immune cells such as macrophages. These findings enhance our knowledge about new sources of fungal metabolites that serve as adjuvant, cheaper and less harmful alternatives to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara López-Legarda
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Magdalena Rostro-Alanis
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Janny A Villa-Pulgarín
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 # 51 27, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Freimar Segura-Sánchez
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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13
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Lei Z, Xiao-Hong R, Jing H, Wan-Nan L, Jing-Wei H, Yun-Rong J, Jun-Rong C, Xiao-Wei S, Chun-Lei W. Protective effect of Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide against acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and alcohol in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:649-656. [PMID: 34275842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studied the optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from Phaeoporus obliquus and the effect of Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- or alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. The main factor in influencing the extraction rate of Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide were extraction power and time, which was a kind of pyran glucose by infrared spectroscopy. CCl4 and alcohol were employed respectively to establish CCl4 and alcohol-induced acute liver injury mouse models. Compared with model groups mice, Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide treatment at the doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg exhibited an obvious reduction liver index, ALP, ALT, AST levels, MDA content and TNF-α level (p<0.01) and SOD activity was increased, which was in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the model group, the necrosis degree of hepatocytes was obviously reduced and the small fat droplets were formed in some cytoplasm, especially in high dose group, which the liver cells recovered to the level of normal group. Rt-PCR results showed that the expression of CYP2E1 mRNA in liver tissues of Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide groups were significantly reduced, and the difference were statistically significant compared with the model group (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide has significantly hepatoprotective effect on CCl4 and alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
| | - Ren Xiao-Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, RP China
| | - He Jing
- Department of Medical Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wu Hu, RP China
| | - Li Wan-Nan
- Edmond H Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Chang Chun, RP China
| | - Hao Jing-Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
| | - Jing Yun-Rong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
| | - Chai Jun-Rong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
| | - Sun Xiao-Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
| | - Wan Chun-Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, PR China
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14
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Liu M, Zhang W, Yao J, Niu J. Production, purification, characterization, and biological properties of Rhodosporidium paludigenum polysaccharide. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246148. [PMID: 33513164 PMCID: PMC7845956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield of marine red yeast polysaccharide (MRYP) obtained from Rhodosporidium paludigenum was increased by optimizing fermentation conditions, and the pure polysaccharide was extracted by column chromatography. The molecular weight of pure MRYP and the ratio of mannose to glucose in components of MRYP were determined. Antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of MRYP were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The optimal fermentation parameters were as follows: Medium 4, pH = 6.72, temperature = 30.18°C, blades speed = 461.36 r/min; the optimized yield reached 4323.90 mg/L, which was 1.31 times the original yield. The sequence of factors that affected the MRYP yield was the blades speed>pH>temperature. The main components of MRYP were MYH-1 and MYH-2. The molecular weights of MYH-1 and MYH-2 were 246.92 kDa and 21.88 kDa, respectively; they accounted for 53.60% and 28.75% of total polysaccharide. In MYH-1 and MYH-2, the proportion of glucose and mannose accounted for 46.94%, 38.46%, and 67.10%, 7.17%, respectively. In vitro, the ability of scavenging DPPH•, •OH, and •O2− radical was 32.26%, 24.34%, and 22.09%; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MRYP was 480 μg/mg. In vivo, MRYP improved the lambs’ body weight, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the number of probiotics, but it reduced the feed/gain (F/G) ratio and the number of pathogenic bacteria in 60-days-old lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjian Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - WenJu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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15
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Wu P, Tan H, Zhan J, Wang W, Hu T, Li S. Optimization of Bioprocess Extraction of Poria cocos Polysaccharide (PCP) with Aspergillus niger β-Glucanase and the Evaluation of PCP Antioxidant Property. Molecules 2020; 25:E5930. [PMID: 33333769 PMCID: PMC7765248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos mushroom is widely used as a food and an herb in East Asian and other countries due to its high nutritional value. Research has demonstrated that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP) are the major bioactives and possess antioxidation, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, and other health promoting properties. However, the efficient preparation of PCP has been a challenge, particularly in large scale for industry. Herein, we investigated the biotransformation of PCP from Poria cocos, catalyzed by β-glucanase from Aspergillus niger and focused on optimizing the most four influencing parameters: Temperature, time, pH, and enzyme dosage in this study. After numerous optimizations with the assistance of response surface optimization methodology, we have established that the optimal conditions for the biotransformation PCP preparation were as following: Enzymolysis temperature 60 °C, time 120 min, pH 5.0 and enzyme dose 20 mL. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of PCP reached as high as 12.8%. In addition, the antioxidant activities of PCP were evaluated by reducing power assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, superoxide anion, and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assays. Resulting data showed that PCP presented outstanding antioxidant capacity. Thus, these findings indicate that PCP could be produced as a natural antioxidant for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Hongyuan Tan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Weixin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Ting Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountain, Hubei Zhongke Industrial Technology Research Institute, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (P.W.); (H.T.); (J.Z.); (W.W.)
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 07102, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Li X, Yang Q, Zhang C, Song X, Wang W, Jia L, Zhang J. Antioxidation, anti-hyperlipidaemia and hepatoprotection of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular residue. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109323. [PMID: 33212049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As hyperlipidemia was a pathological progress by lipid dysfunctions, the present object was to investigate the hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Auricularia auricular residue polysaccharides (RPS) against HFE (high-fat emulsion) toxicities in mice. The structure analysis showed that the RPS was pyranose-polysaccharides mainly composed of glucose with the weight-average molecular weight of 2.00 × 105 Da. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the RPS had potential hepatoprotections by enhancing the antioxidant and anti-hyperlipidaemia status, and could inhibit the increasing body weights. Besides, the RPS could improve the glucose utilization with the oral glucose tolerance test (120 min) of 5.04 ± 0.12 mmol/L at the dose of 400 mg/kg bw. The results in present study demonstrated that RPS could be used as a functional foods and natural medicines against the HFE-induced hyperlipidemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - XuePing Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Qihang Yang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China.
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17
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Liu X, Ren Z, Yu R, Chen S, Zhang J, Xu Y, Meng Z, Luo Y, Zhang W, Huang Y, Qin T. Structural characterization of enzymatic modification of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide and its immune-enhancement activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1396-1408. [PMID: 33166554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the enzyme degradation of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide (HEP) was successfully modified with endo-rhamnosidase to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide product (EHEP). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic particle microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and particle size distribution were used to characterize polysaccharides. In vitro, EHEP significantly enhanced the phagocytosis, NO, CD40 and CD86 by macrophage than HEP. In vivo, female Balb/c mice were injected respectively with EHEP and HEP after administrated with cyclophosphamide, once a day for 7 days. On days 11, the morphology and structure of jejunal sections, immunofluorescence of spleen and peritoneal macrophages were determined. These results indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis product could enhance the activation of peritoneal macrophages, and enhance the immunomodulation function of HEP. This study demonstrated that enzymatic modification was an effective method to improve the activities of HEP, and could be developed as a potential technology for use in pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Weini Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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18
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Barbosa JR, Carvalho Junior RND. Occurrence and possible roles of polysaccharides in fungi and their influence on the development of new technologies. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116613. [PMID: 32747253 PMCID: PMC7293488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The article summarizes the roles of polysaccharides in the biology of fungi and their relationship in the development of new technologies. The comparative approach between the evolution of fungi and the chemistry of glycobiology elucidated relevant aspects about the role of polysaccharides in fungi. Also, based on the knowledge of fungal glycobiology, it was possible to address the development of new technologies, such as the production of new anti-tumor drugs, vaccines, biomaterials, and applications in the field of robotics. We conclude that polysaccharides activate pathways of apoptosis, secretion of pro-inflammatory substances, and macrophage, inducing anticancer activity. Also, the activation of the immune system, which opens the way for the production of vaccines. The development of biomaterials and parts for robotics is a promising and little-explored field. Finally, the article is multidisciplinary, with a different and integrated approach to the role of nature in the sustainable development of new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior
- LABEX/FEA (Extraction Laboratory/Faculty of Food Engineering), ITEC (Institute of Technology), UFPA (Federal University of Para), Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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19
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Li X, Zhu Z, Ye L, Kang Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zou Y. Comparison of the Partial Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of Chinese Truffles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184345. [PMID: 32971949 PMCID: PMC7571095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Truffles are world-renowned premium commodities. Due to their unique aroma and rarity, the price of truffles has always been very high. In this study, Diethylaminoethyl anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration were employed for polysaccharide purification from two different species of Chinese truffles. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Tuber panzhihuanense and referred to as TPZ-NP, TPZ-I, and TPZ-II. Additionally, two polysaccharide fractions were purified from T. pseudoexcavatum (TPD-NP and TPD-I). The results of structural elucidation indicated that the polysaccharide from different species showed different monosaccharide composition and linkage units, as well as molecular weight. Two of the polysaccharide fractions with the highest yield, TPZ-I and TPD-I, were chosen for biological testing. The results indicated that both fractions displayed antioxidant properties through mediation of the intestinal cellular antioxidant defense system, which could protect cultured intestinal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage and cell viability suppression. The TPD-I fraction showed stronger antioxidant effects, which may be due to the difference in structure. Further study on the structure-activity relationship is needed to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zhongkai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Lei Ye
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zongjing Kang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (Z.K.); (X.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-86291470
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Su J, Sun J, Jian T, Zhang G, Ling J. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from the Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps kyushuensis. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:8257847. [PMID: 32908915 PMCID: PMC7475740 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete Cordyceps genus has been used as valued traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps kyushuensis is a unique species of Cordyceps, which parasitizes on the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, and its major component cordycepin and aqueous extract are known to have many pharmacological effects. However, the physiological function of water-soluble polysaccharides has not been explored in detail. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we extracted and separated Cordyceps-derived polysaccharides and then evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. Four polysaccharide fractions were purified from Cordyceps-cultured stroma by DEAE-cellulose 23 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Basic structural information was elucidated on the basis of physicochemical property and spectroscopic evidences. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and protective effect of DNA damage. The qualified immunologic activities were also determined in vivo and in vitro. The polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes whether concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) existed or not, strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. The research provides the corresponding evidence for Cordyceps polysaccharides as a potential candidate for functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253056, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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21
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Li T, Chen L, Wu D, Dong G, Chen W, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wu W. The Structural Characteristics and Biological Activities of Intracellular Polysaccharide Derived from Mutagenic Sanghuangporous sanghuang Strain. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163693. [PMID: 32823661 PMCID: PMC7464456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanghuangporous sanghuang is a rare medicinal fungus which contains polysaccharide as the main active substance and was used to treat gynecological diseases in ancient China. The intracellular polysaccharide yield of S. sanghuang was enhanced by the strain A130 which was screened from mutant strains via atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of ARTP mutagenesis on structural characteristics and biological activities of intracellular polysaccharides from S. sanghuang. Six intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from S. sanghuang mycelia cultivated by the mutagenic strain (A130) and original strain (SH1), respectively. The results revealed that the yields of polysaccharide fractions A130-20, A130-50 and A130-70 isolated from the mutagenic strain fermentation mycelia were significantly higher than those of the original ones by 1.5-, 1.3- and 1.2-fold, and the clear physicochemical differences were found in polysaccharide fractions precipitated by 20% ethanol. A130-20 showed a relatively expanded branching chain with higher molecular weight and better in vitro macrophage activation activities and the IL-6, IL-1, and TNF-α production activities of macrophages were improved by stimulation of A130-20 from the mutagenic strain. This study demonstrates that ARTP is a novel and powerful tool to breed a high polysaccharide yield strain of S. sanghuang and may, therefore, contribute to the large-scale utilization of rare medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Linjun Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Di Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guochao Dong
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; (L.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Wanchao Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (D.W.); (W.C.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6220-9765 (Y.Y.); +86-21-6190-0388 (W.W.)
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22
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Wang T, Dong Z, Zhou D, Sun K, Zhao Y, Wang B, Chen Y. Structure and immunostimulating activity of a galactofuranose-rich polysaccharide from the bamboo parasite medicinal fungus Shiraia bambusicola. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112833. [PMID: 32289476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shiraia bambusicola is a parasitic fungus on the twigs of bamboos. Its relatively large stroma has high medicinal value and can treat a variety of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cold stomach pain, sciatica, injuries, chronic bronchitis, and infantile. It is widely distributed in many provinces in Southern China and also is also found in Japan. AIM OF THE STUDY Medicinal fungi were important resources for bioactive polysaccharides. To explore bioactive polysaccharides from Shiraia bambusicola, a heteropolysaccharide SB2-1 was purified and obtained from S. bambusicola and its immunostimulating activity was researched. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polysaccharide from S. bambusicola was extracted and purified using enzyme assisted extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Molecular weight of polysaccharide was estimated by high performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide compositions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization and UV detection. Structure information was elucidated by IR spectrum, GC-MS analysis after methylation and gradual acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. The RAW264.7 cells were used to study the immunostimulating activity in vitro. RESULTS Physicochemical and structural analyses showed that SB2-1 was a neutral heteropolysaccharide with molecular weight at 22.2 kDa and consisted of glucose, galactose and mannose at a ratio of 2.0:1.5:1.0. The structure of SB2-1 was a branched polysaccharides composed of a mannan core and side chains consisted of glucose and galactose. The mannan core was composed of (1→2)-Manp as the main chain. Glucose with (1→4)-D-Glcp, (1→2)-D-Glcp and (1→6)-D-Glcp at different degrees of polymerization were linked at C-6 and C-3 of the (1→2)-Manp as the side chains. The galactose with the linages of (1→6)-D-Galf, →2)-D-Galf(1→ and terminal D-Galf(1→ also existed in the side chain. The study on the immunostimulating activities of SB2-1 and its core structure P-2 were investigated on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that SB2-1 could activate RAW264.7 macrophage and significantly improve its phagocytic ability by neutral red uptake experiment. Meanwhile, SB2-1 increased significantly higher inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production and the productions of IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α. The effect of SB2-1 was better than its core structure P-2 produced by gradual acid hydrolysis, which meant the side chains played an important role in the immunostimulating activities. CONCLUSIONS The investigation demonstrated that the galactofuranose-containing mannogalactoglucan was characteristic polysaccharides in S. bambusicola and could enhance the activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Dong
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlai Sun
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan, 316000, People's Republic of China.
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Duan Z, Zhang Y, Zhu C, Wu Y, Du B, Ji H. Structural characterization of phosphorylated Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide and its hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:533-547. [PMID: 32565302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the basic structural features of phosphorylated Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide (PPOP) and study the protective effect of PPOP on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in male Kunming mice. The phosphorylated polysaccharide was prepared from the natural polysaccharide extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus (POP). The structures of PPOP and POP were characterized by FT-IR, ESEM spectroscopy, and Congo red test. Chemical composition analysis revealed that PPOP was mainly composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and xylose in a molar ratio of 0.10: 1.98: 1.00. Structural analysis indicated that PPOP had multi-strand structure and the absorption peaks of PO and P-O-C. Furthermore, animal experiments showed that the hepatoprotective effect of PPOP against liver injury was reflected by decreasing the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, trilaurin, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum, increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and albumin in blood, reducing the content of malondialdehyde and promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver. PPOP exhibited stronger hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity in vivo than POP. The final results indicated that PPOP could be used in the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity based on the above biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Duan
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Caiping Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yuan Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Biqi Du
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Huijie Ji
- College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Zheng L, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Meng Q, Yang J, Gong W, Liu Q, Cai L, Hao L, Wang B, Yang Y. Distribution of Zinc in Mycelial Cells and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Mycelia Zinc Polysaccharides from Thelephora ganbajun TG-01. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:2308017. [PMID: 32655762 PMCID: PMC7317320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2308017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that Thelephora ganbajun had a strong ability to absorb zinc, and zinc can be compartmentally stored in the small vesicles and mainly accumulated in the form of zinc-enriched polysaccharides (zinc content was 25.0 ± 1.27 mg/g). Mycelia zinc polysaccharides (MZPS) and its fractions were isolated. The main fraction (MZPS-2) with the highest antioxidant activity in vitro was composed of mannose : galacturonic acid : glucose : galactose in a molar ratio of 61.19 : 1 : 39.67 : 48.67, with a weight-averaged molecular weight of 5.118 × 105 Da. MZPS-2 had both α-pyranose and β-pyranose configuration and had a triple helical conformation. By establishing zebrafish models, we found that MZPS-2 can significantly scavenge free radicals, reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species caused by inflammation, and inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils toward the injury site. Therefore, MZPS-2 exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a zinc supplement with specific biological activities to alleviate zinc deficiency complications, such as chronic oxidative stress or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yaohong Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yunjuan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Junhui Yang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Weili Gong
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qingai Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Lujiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Binglian Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Jinan 250103, China
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25
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Bi S, Huang W, Chen S, Huang C, Li C, Guo Z, Yang J, Zhu J, Song L, Yu R. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide converts immunosuppressive macrophages into M1-like phenotype and activates T lymphocytes by inhibiting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis between TAMs and T lymphocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:261-280. [PMID: 32044366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) inhibit the killing effect of T lymphocytes on tumour cells through the immunocheckpoint programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/programmed death-1 (PD-1) axis. TAMs-targeted therapy is a promising approach that could be used to reverse the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Here, we further report CMPB90-1, a novel natural polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, could function as an anti-tumour modulator that resets TAMs from a tumour-promoting M2 phenotype to a tumour-killing M1 phenotype. This process involves reversing the functional inhibition of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis between TAMs and T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, the membrane receptor of CMPB90-1 binding to M2 macrophages was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. CMPB90-1 converts immunosuppressive TAMs via binding to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which causes the release of Ca2+ and the activation of p38, Akt and NF-κB, or ERK. This process then leads to the polarization of TAMs from M2 phenotype to the M1 phenotype. In vivo experiment shows that CMPB90-1 is able to polarize TAMs into the M1 phenotype and has anti-tumour effects with improved safety. Additionally, the anti-tumour effects of CMPB90-1 in vivo depend on the phenotypic conversion of TAMs. The results demonstrated that CMPB90-1 could be developed as a potential immune-oncology treatment reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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26
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Abstract
Fungal bioactive polysaccharides are well known and have been widely used in Asia as a part of the traditional diet and medicine. In fact, some biopolymers (mainly β-glucans or glycoconjugate) have already made their way to the market as antitumor or immunostimulating drugs. In the last decades, the relationship between structure and activity of polysaccharides and their detailed mode of action have been the core of intense research to understand and utilize their medicinal properties. Most of the antitumor polysaccharides belong to conserved β-glucans, with a linear β-(1→3)-glucan backbone and attached β-(1→6) branch. Structurally different β-glucans appear to have different affinities toward their receptors and thus generate markedly different host responses. However, their antitumor activities are mainly influenced by molecular mass, degree of branching, conformation, and structure modification of the polysaccharides. β-Glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6, then trigger both innate and adaptive response and enhance opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis. Various receptor interactions explain the possible mode of actions of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China.
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27
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Li R, Zhang L, Tang Z, Li T, Li G, Zhang R, Ge M. Effects of Fungal Polysaccharide on Oxidative Damage and TLR4 Pathway to the Central Immune Organs in Cadmium Intoxication in Chickens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:464-473. [PMID: 30632076 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can cause animal organism damage, but there have been few studies on the damage of cadmium to the immune organs of birds. Most fungal polysaccharide has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. The experimental study investigated the effects of fungal polysaccharide (Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide and Ganoderma luciduccharide) on the oxidative damage of central immune organs (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) and on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway in cadmium-poisoned chickens. The results showed that Agaricus blazei polysaccharide and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can reduce cadmium content, TLR4 expression, inflammatory factor (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) content, and lipid peroxidation product MDA content and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px in thymus and bursa of cadmium poisoning chickens. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide could decrease the expression of TLR4, IL-1β, and IL-6 in cadmium poisoning peripheral blood lymphocytes of chicken, and TLR4 inhibitor had the same effect. The results demonstrated the protective effects of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on the damage of the central immune organs of chickens caused by cadmium poisoning were closely related to the TLR4 signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Linan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zequn Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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28
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Zhao H, Li H, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Zhang J, Ren H, Jia L. Mycelium Polysaccharides from Termitomyces albuminosus Attenuate CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury Via Inhibiting TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB Signal Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194872. [PMID: 31575049 PMCID: PMC6801384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major fraction (MPT-W), eluted by deionized water, was extracted from mycelium polysaccharides of Termitomyces albuminosus (MPT), and its antioxidant, anti-fibrosis, and anti-inflammatory activities in CCl4-induced chronic liver injury mice, as well as preliminary characterizations, were evaluated. The results showed that MPT-W was a polysaccharide of α- and β-configurations containing xylose (Xyl), fucose (Fuc), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), and glucose (Glc) with a molar ratio of 0.29:8.67:37.89:35.98:16.60 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Its molecular weight (Mw), obtained by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), was 1.30 × 105 Da. The antioxidant assays in vitro showed that MPT-W displayed scavenging free-radical abilities. Based on the data of in vivo experiments, MPT-W could inhibit TGFβ1/Smad3 and NF-κB pathways; decrease the level and activity of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), malonaldehyde (MDA) and serum enzyme; activate the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway; and increase antioxidant enzymes to protect the liver in CCl4-induced chronic liver injury mice. Therefore, MPT-W could be a potentially natural and functional resource contributing to antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Haixia Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Yuan F, Gao Z, Liu W, Li H, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Song X, Wang W, Zhang J, Huang C, Jia L. Characterization, Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Organ Protective Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193517. [PMID: 31569331 PMCID: PMC6803911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles against aging owing to their abundant bioactivities. In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FPS) and its sulfated FPS (SFPS) on d-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated that SFPS had strong reducing power and superior scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and the chelating activities of Fe2+. The in vivo animal experiments manifested that the SFPS showed superior antioxidant and protective abilities against the d-galactose-induced aging by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing lipid peroxidation, improving the inflammatory response and ameliorating the anile condition of mice. Furthermore, the structural analysis of SFPS was investigated through FT-IR, NMR, and HPLC analysis, and the results indicated that SFPS was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 2.81 × 103 Da. Furthermore, SFPS has also changed in characteristic functional groups and monosaccharide composition compared to FPS. These results suggested that sulfated modification could enhance the anti-oxidation, anti-aging and protective activities of F. velutipes polysaccharides, which may provide references for the development of functional foods and natural medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shangdong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Yu H, Yang Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Pang G, Feng Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang LW. Effective Radiotherapy in Tumor Assisted by Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide-Conjugated Bismuth Sulfide Nanoparticles through Radiosensitization and Dendritic Cell Activation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:27536-27547. [PMID: 31294958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a traditional method for cancer therapy but may become ineffective likely due to the radiation-induced immunosuppression. Instead of simply increasing the radiation dose, reactivation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is an alternative strategy for successful cancer treatment. In this work, we synthesized bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (BiNP) and conjugated with immunoactive Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP). GLP-BiNP were able to increase the sensitivity of radiotherapy, attributing to the efficient X-ray absorption of bismuth element. BiNP alone can mildly activate dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, while GLP-BiNP further enhanced the level of DC maturation, shown as the increase in phenotypic maturation markers, cytokine release, acid phosphatase activity, and T cell proliferation in DC/T cell co-culture. Compared to BiNP, GLP-BiNP altered the tissue distribution with faster accumulation in the tumor. Meanwhile, mature DC greatly increased in both tumor and spleen by GLP-BiNP within 24 h. GLP-BiNP combination with radiation achieved remarkable inhibition of tumor growth through apoptosis. Alternatively, lung metastasis was largely prohibited by GLP-BiNP, shown as a reduced amount of tumor nodules and cancer cell invasion by pathological findings. Mechanistically, GLP-BiNP altered the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment by preferably increasing the number of intratumor CD8+ T cell proliferation, as well as the improved immunobalance shown as the increased serum interferon-γ/interleukin-4 ratio. Specifically, GLP conjugation seemed to protect the kidney from injury occasionally introduced by bare BiNP. As a result, GLP-BiNP play a dual role in tumor treatment through radiosensitization and immunoactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Tianyan Jiang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Guibin Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yahui Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Hunan University of Technology , Zhuzhou 412007 , China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Li H, Zhao H, Gao Z, Song X, Wang W, Yuan F, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, Jia L. The Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Effects of Acetylated Mycelia Polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. Molecules 2019; 24:E2698. [PMID: 31344969 PMCID: PMC6696436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work mainly describes the preparation of acetylated mycelia polysaccharides (AMPS) from Pleurotus djamor and investigates the antioxidant and anti-aging effects in d-galactose-induced aging mice. The optimized procedure indicates the acetyl substitution degree of AMPS is 0.54 ± 0.04 under the conditions of a reaction time of 56 h, a reaction temperature of 37 °C, and 4 mL of added acetic anhydride. The in vitro analysis and in vivo animal experiments indicate that the AMPS could alleviate the aging properties by scavenging the radicals, elevating the enzyme activities, and reducing the lipid contents. As for serum levels, the AMPS can improve the serum biochemical indices and enhance immunological activity. The histopathological observations indicate that the injuries to the liver, kidney, and brain can be remitted by AMPS intervention. The characterization showed that AMPS was one kind of β-pyranose with the weight-average molecular weights of 3.61 × 105 Da and the major monosaccharides of mannose and glucose. The results suggest that AMPS can be used as a dietary supplement and functional food for the prevention of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Huajie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yanbo Feng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuliang Zhang
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China.
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Abstract
In recent decades, various polysaccharides isolated from algae, mushrooms, yeast, and higher plants have attracted serious attention in the area of nutrition and medicine. The reasons include their low toxicity, rare negative side effects, relatively low price, and broad spectrum of therapeutic actions. The two most and best-studied polysaccharides are mannan and glucan. This review focused on their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Korolenko
- Department of Experimental Models of Neurodegeneration, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Timakov St. 4, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Bgatova
- Laboratory of Electron Miscroscopy, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, 511 S. Floyd, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Chen W, Tan H, Liu Q, Zheng X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xu L. A Review: The Bioactivities and Pharmacological Applications of Phellinus linteus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101888. [PMID: 31100959 PMCID: PMC6572527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phellinus linteus is a popular medicinal mushroom that is widely used in China, Korea, Japan, and other Asian countries. P. linteus comprises various bioactive components, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and furans, and has proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment and the prevention of various diseases. A number of studies have reported that P. linteus possesses many biological activities useful for pharmacological applications, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidative, and antifungal activities, as well as antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects. This review article briefly presents the recent progress made in understanding the bioactive components, biological activities, pharmacological applications, safety, and prospects of P. linteus, and provides helpful references and promising directions for further studies of P. linteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Huiying Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Lingchuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Fungi and Resource Development in Shandong Province, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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Wang J, Li C, Hu W, Li L, Cai G, Liu Y, Wang D. Studies on the anti-fatigue activities of Irpex lacteus polysaccharide-enriched extract in mouse model. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1011-1018. [PMID: 31278714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Irpex lacteus is a white rot basidiomycete proposed for a wide spectrum of biotechnological applications. However, few studies examined its effects on exercise performance and physical fatigue. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effects of I. lacteus extract (ILE) on physical fatigue in mice. Anti-fatigue activities of ILE were evaluated in Kunming mice using the forced swim test, rotating rod and forced running test. Serum and liver biochemical parameters were determined by an autoanalyzer and commercially available kits. Seven-day ILE administration at doses of 0.04, 0.2 and 1.0g/kg failed to influence mouse horizontal and vertical movement indicating its safety on the central nervous system. Compared with normal mice, ILE significantly increased persistent period during rotating rod and swimming tests, and reduced shock times in forced running test. Additionally, ILE resulted in 23.4% and 64.5% increments on adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in serum. Compared with normal mice, and 209.0% increment on adenosine triphosphate level in liver (up to 2.5 mmol/gHb) were noted in ILE-treated mice. Moreover, ILE increased the level of super oxide dismutase and reduced the level of malondialdehyde in the liver suggesting its antioxidant activity. Data obtained from western bolt suggests that ILE-improved endurance capacity is mainly acquired through activating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). ILE enhanced the endurance capacity of mouse by an elevation of antioxidant at least partially associated with AMPK pathway. Our data highlight the potential of I. lacteus as an antioxidant in the treatment of fatigue-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenliang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenji Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanzhou Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangsheng Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yuan P, Fang F, Shao T, Li P, Hu W, Zhou Y, Wang G, Han J, Chen K. Structure and Anti-Tumor Activities of Exopolysaccharides from Alternaria mali Roberts. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071345. [PMID: 30959773 PMCID: PMC6480686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an extracellular polysaccharide from Alternaria mali Roberts (AMEP) was extracted, and its structure was characterized, in addition to its antitumor activity in vitro. Neutral polysaccharide AMEP-1 and anionic polysaccharide AMEP-2 were isolated from AMEP, and their monosaccharide compositions consisted of mannose (Man), glucose (Glc), and galactose (Gal) but at different ratios. The linking mode of both AMEP-1 and AMEP-2 is Manp-(1→4) and Glcp-(1→6), and the branched chains are connected to the main chain through O-6. AMEP-2 inhibited the proliferation of BGC-823 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. AMEP-2 also induced the apoptosis of BGC-823 cells, and showed anti-tumor effects by inducing cell cycle arrest in the S phase, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in BGC-823 cells. Therefore, AMEP-2 shows potential for further development as a novel anti-tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Taili Shao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Jun Han
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Drug Research & Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China.
- School of Life Science, National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Liu GK, Li N, Song SY, Zhang YJ, Wang JR. Three exopolysaccharides from the liquid fermentation of Polyporus umbellatus and their bioactivities. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:629-640. [PMID: 30857963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exopolysaccharides were extracted and separated from the broth of the liquid fermentation of P. umbellatus, and the antioxidant activities and other relative bioactivities were investigated, aiming to find clues for a wider use in the future. Three novel exopolysaccharides of PPS1, PPS2 and PPS3 with molecular weight of 3.7×104-6.9×104Da were obtained. Monosaccharide analysis showed that they were mainly composed of mannose, along with galactose and glucose with different molar ratio, and their structural features were also investigated by FT-IR, NMR and SEM. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed these exopolysaccharides exhibited a significant scavenging effect on DPPH· and other free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, the stimulate nitric oxide production and phagocytic activity implied that the polysaccharides could enhance the immunity of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Other assays revealed that they have obvious cellular aging delaying activity and the DNA damage protecting activity. In conclusion, these three exopolysaccharides might have potential applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ku Liu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Yao Song
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Ding X, Zhang N, Hou Y, Zhu H. Protein chip analysis of cytokines reveals a key mechanism of the antitumor and immunostimulatory activities of Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharide. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:651-659. [PMID: 31081779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide has been widely used in medical and health field because of its function of immune regulation. The aim of present study was to use protein chip to test the 200 cytokines secreted by macrophages which were induced by the polysaccharides of Tricholoma matsutake (TMP-A) to study the role of TMP-A acting on macrophages and its mechanism, further understanding the mechanism of the TMP-A effect on immune activity. The results of the analysis indicated that among all of these cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-10, IL-23, TNF-α, CD40L, G-CSF, etc. there are 73 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated cytokines. The KEGG analysis indicated that T. matsutake polysaccharide can influence the immune response of macrophages through a series of signaling pathways, and the three major signaling pathways are Jak-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Those three signaling pathway are closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. The results showed that TMP-A can activate immune cells to regulate the immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, China / Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yiling Hou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Liu X, Hou R, Xu K, Chen L, Wu X, Lin W, Zheng M, Fu J. Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity analysis of the polysaccharide from the solid-state fermentation substrate of Inonotus hispidus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:468-476. [PMID: 30445081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Inonotus hispidus was prepared by solid-state fermentation (SSF), and an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction method was used to optimize the extraction process of Inonotus hispidus solid-state fermentation polysaccharide (IHSFP). The optimal extraction parameters were as follows: solid-liquid ratio of 1:40, ultrasound time of 34 min, ultrasound power of 350 W and ultrasound temperature of 70 °C. The yield of IHSFP was 51.06 ± 0.34% under the optimal conditions. Two types of polysaccharide fractions (IHSFP-1 and IHSFP-2) were isolated by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-200 columns. IHSFP-2 had stronger antioxidant activity than IHSFP-1, and it can reduce H2O2-induced oxidative damage to cells in vitro. Therefore, the properties of IHSFP-2 were further characterized. The results showed that the molecular weight of IHSFP-2 was 14.44 kDa, it was composed of glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), galactose (Gal), glucuronic acid (GlcUA), galactosamine (GalN), arabinose (Ara) and ribose (Rib), and the contents of these monosaccharides were 51%, 21%, 20%, 3%, 2%, 2% and 1%, respectively. The results of this study may contribute to the efficient production of the polysaccharide of Inonotus hispidus, and provide new ideas for its application in functional foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruolin Hou
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kaiqiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Junsheng Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wang W, Song X, Gao Z, Zhao H, Wang X, Liu M, Jia L. Anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and organic protection effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:281-292. [PMID: 30708002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic, antioxidant and organic protection effects of acidic-extractable Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharides (Ac-DPS) on hyperlipidemic mice induced by high-fat emulsion. The results demonstrated that Ac-DPS had impressive abilities to mitigate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzyme and reducing the contents of lipid peroxide. Moreover, lipid levels in serum were returned to normal status. Besides, Ac-DPS exhibited potential hepatic and renal protection effects reflected by decreasing serum enzyme activities, lowering TBIL, UREA and CREA levels and increasing ALB content. At the same time, histopathological observations proved protective effects of Ac-DPS on organs. Subsequently, the physical properties of polysaccharide were also investigated by HPGPC and FT-IR. The above consequences confirmed the important role of Ac-DPS as a functional food and natural medicine in the fight against oxidative stress and the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xinling Song
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Huajie Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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Xu N, Lu Y, Hou J, Liu C, Sun Y. A Polysaccharide Purified from Morchella conica Pers. Prevents Oxidative Stress Induced by H₂O₂ in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124027. [PMID: 30551572 PMCID: PMC6320779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Morchella conica Pers. (M. conica) has been used both as a medical and edible mushroom and possesses antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activities. However, the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides purified from M. conica have not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide NMCP-2 (neutral M. conica polysaccharides-2) purified from M. conica, as determined by radical scavenging assay and H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in HEK 293T cells. Results showed that NMCP-2 with an average molecular weight of 48.3 kDa possessed a much stronger chelating ability on ferrous ions and a higher ability to scavenge radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than the other purified fraction of NMCP-1 from M. conica. Moreover, 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that NMCP-2 dose-dependently preserved cell viability of H₂O₂-induced cells. The NMCP-2 pretreated group reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and increased the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) levels. In addition, Hoechst 33342 staining revealed cells treated with NMCP-2 declined nuclear condensation. Ultrastructural observation revealed that NMCP-2 pretreatment alleviated the ruptured mitochondria when exposed to H₂O₂. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that NMCP-2 prevented significant downregulation of the protein expression of Bax, cleaved caspases 3, and upregulated Bcl-2 levels. These results suggest the protective effects of NMCP-2 against H₂O₂-induced injury in HEK 293T cells. NMCP-2 could be used as a natural antioxidant of functional foods and natural drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jumin Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130028, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China.
| | - Yonghai Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Vetvicka V, Gover O, Hayby H, Danay O, Ezov N, Hadar Y, Schwartz B. Spatial Distribution of Glucan Type and Content between Caps and Stalks in Pleurotus eryngii: Impact on the Anti-inflammatory Functionality. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113371. [PMID: 30373293 PMCID: PMC6274982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
: Pleurotus eryngii is recognized for its prominent nutritional and medicinal value. In our study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulating IFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- University of Louisville, Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Ofer Gover
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Hilla Hayby
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ofer Danay
- Edible Mushrooms, MIGAL, 11016 Kiryat Shmona, and Tel Hai College, 12210 Upper Galilee, Israel.
| | - Nirit Ezov
- Edible Mushrooms Development, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel.
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, School of Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Li Q, Chen G, Chen H, Zhang W, Ding Y, Yu P, Zhao T, Mao G, Feng W, Yang L, Wu X. Se-enriched G. frondosa polysaccharide protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-induced mice via MAPKs signal transduction pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:445-456. [PMID: 29891317 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of a Se-polysaccharide from Se-enriched G. frondosa (Se-GFP-22), immunosuppressed mice models were generated by cyclophosphamide (CTX) administration and then treated with Se-GFP-22. Results showed that Se-GFP-22 could increase thymus and spleen indices, phagocytic index, co-mitogenic (ConA- or LPS-stimulated) activities on splenocytes, DTH reaction, serum hemolysin formation and immunoglobulin (Ig G, Ig A and Ig M) levels in CTX-treated mice. Se-GFP-22 significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity in CTX-treated mice, as shown by the evaluation of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities, as well as MDA levels in serum, liver and kidney. Se-GFP-22 strongly stimulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and NO productions by up-regulating mRNA expressions of IL-2, IFN-γ and iNOS. Se-GFP-22 possessed the immunomodulatory activity by up-regulating various transcription factors (JNK, ERK, and p38) in MAPKs signaling pathways. This study suggested that Se-GFP-22 may provide an alternative strategy in lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Longkun Rd. 99, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Song Y, Zhang R, Wang H, Yan Y, Ming G. Protective Effect of Agaricus blazei Polysaccharide Against Cadmium-Induced Damage on the Testis of Chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:491-500. [PMID: 29127548 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) exposure can cause reproductive toxicity through oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A polysaccharide extract of the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill has been isolated and exhibits antioxidant activity and immunoregulatory effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) against Cd-induced damage in chicken testis through enhancing antioxidant activity and alleviating inflammatory response. One hundred twenty healthy 7-day-old Hy-Line male chickens (Harbin, China) were randomly divided into four groups, and each group consisted of 30 chickens: Normal control was fed daily with full feed and 0.2 mL distilled water per day via oral gavage; Cd-treated group was fed daily with full feed that contained 140 mg/kg CdCl2 and 0.2 mL distilled water per day by gavage; Polysaccharide-treated group was fed daily with full feed with 0.2 mL ABP(30 mg/ml) solution per day via oral gavage; Cd/polysaccharide-treated group was fed daily with full feed containing 140 mg/kg CdCl2 and 0.2 mL ABP(30 mg/ml) solution per day by gavage. On the 20, 40, and 60 days, the testis was immediately removed. The contents of Cd in the testis, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA) production, messenger RNA (m RNA) levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein expressions of heat shock proteins (HSPs) (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90), and the histopathological changes of the testis were determined. The results indicated that ABP improved Cd-caused testicular tissue damage by increasing the SOD and GSH-Px activities: decreasing the Cd accumulation and MDA content, mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and protein expressions of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. Results suggest that ABP for the mitigation of damage induced by cadmium in chicken testis through enhancing antioxidant activity and alleviating Inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Song
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Ming
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Kanwal S, Joseph TP, Owusu L, Xiaomeng R, Meiqi L, Yi X. A Polysaccharide Isolated from Dictyophora indusiata Promotes Recovery from Antibiotic-Driven Intestinal Dysbiosis and Improves Gut Epithelial Barrier Function in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081003. [PMID: 30065236 PMCID: PMC6115818 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous biological activity of polysaccharides from the mushroom Dictyophora indusiata, its role in the restoration of gut microbiota has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to investigate whether D. indusiata polysaccharide (DIP) could modulate the recovery of gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier function after broad-spectrum antibiotic-driven dysbiosis. Alteration and restoration in the microbial communities were elucidated by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Colon histology, expression of tight-junction associated proteins, and serum/tissue endotoxin and cytokine levels were evaluated. Two-week daily oral administration of clindamycin and metronidazole resulted in reduced bacterial diversity and richness, and perturbed the microbial flora at various taxonomic levels (altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased relative abundance of harmful flora (Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides)), whereas DIP administration reversed the dysbiosis and increased beneficial flora, including Lactobacillaceae (lactic acid-producing bacteria), and Ruminococaceae (butyrate-producing bacteria). In addition, it resulted in the reduction of endotoxemia (through lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)) levels, with the increased expression of tight-junction associated proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1). These findings not only suggested a comprehensive understanding of the protective effects of a DIP in the restoration of gut microbiota but also highlighted its role in the enhancement of gut barrier integrity, reduction of inflammation and lowering of endotoxin levels in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kanwal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Thomson Patrick Joseph
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lawrence Owusu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), PMB, UPO, Kumasi 00000, Ghana.
| | - Ren Xiaomeng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Meiqi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Zeng P, Guo Z, Zeng X, Hao C, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li H, Li J, Zhang L. Chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide as an approved drug for treating myopathy and other diseases in China. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3278-3297. [PMID: 29691994 PMCID: PMC6010762 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is an edible medicinal mushroom known as "Lingzhi" in China and "Reishi or Manetake" in Japan. It is a highly prized vitality-enhancing herb for more than 2000 years. G. lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) has been identified as one of the major bioactive components and developed into a drug named "Ji 731 Injection" in China since 1973. The large-scale production of the drug began in 1985 and approved by the Chinese FDA as "Polysaccharidum of G. lucidum Karst Injection" (Ling Bao Duo Tang Zhu She Ye) in 2000, which is applied intramuscularly. After more than forty years of clinical use, its efficacy, safety and long-term tolerability have been recognized by neurologists. It is one of a few non-hormonal drugs used for treating refractory myopathy. It is also used for combination therapy, which reduces the amount of glucocorticoid required for myopathy patient who is in remission. In addition, it reduces adverse reactions and improves the quality of life for cancer patients during chemotherapy. We found 81 qualified chemical, biochemical, preclinical and clinical studies of GLPS both in English and in Chinese spanning from 1973 to 2017 by searching CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database and PubMed. The molecular mechanisms underlying GLPS's antioxidant, anti-tumour, immune-modulatory, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and other activities are discussed. Both preclinical and clinical studies are either deliberated or indexed in the current article. We aimed at providing a molecular picture as well as a clinical basis to comprehend GLPS as one of few polysaccharide-based modern medicines with complicated chemical and pharmacological properties that prevent it from entering the world's market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjiao Zeng
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Cui Hao
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Meng Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Hui Li
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Juan Li
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology & Medical Center for Complex DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Medicine and PharmacyOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
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Hürter AL, Fort S, Cottaz S, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Roelfsema MRG. Mycorrhizal lipochitinoligosaccharides (LCOs) depolarize root hairs of Medicago truncatula. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198126. [PMID: 29851976 PMCID: PMC5979017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Root Nodule Symbiosis are symbiotic interactions with a high benefit for plant growth and crop production. Thus, it is of great interest to understand the developmental process of these symbioses in detail. We analysed very early symbiotic responses of Medicago truncatula root hair cells, by stimulation with lipochitinoligosaccharides specific for the induction of nodules (Nod-LCOs), or the interaction with mycorrhiza (Myc-LCOs). Intracellular micro electrodes were used, in combination with Ca2+ sensitive reporter dyes, to study the relations between cytosolic Ca2+ signals and membrane potential changes. We found that sulfated Myc- as well as Nod-LCOs initiate a membrane depolarization, which depends on the chemical composition of these signaling molecules, as well as the genotype of the plants that were studied. A successive application of sulfated Myc-LCOs and Nod-LCOs resulted only in a single transient depolarization, indicating that Myc-LCOs can repress plasma membrane responses to Nod-LCOs. In contrast to current models, the Nod-LCO-induced depolarization precedes changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ level of root hair cells. The Nod-LCO induced membrane depolarization thus is most likely independent of cytosolic Ca2+ signals and nuclear Ca2+ spiking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Hürter
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Fort
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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Zhou Y, Chen X, Yi R, Li G, Sun P, Qian Y, Zhao X. Immunomodulatory Effect of Tremella Polysaccharides against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020239. [PMID: 29370108 PMCID: PMC6017040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are closely associated with immune regulation, but there are different polysaccharide effects from different sources. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of tremella polysaccharides (TP) in cyclophosphamide-induced immunodeficient mice. We observed the thymus and spleen index, liver and spleen pathological changes, and the levels of IL-2, IL-12, INF-γ, TGF-β and Ig G in serum, and we also noted the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-12 and TGF-β in liver and spleen. Besides, we also measured the best effects of different doses of TP (Low-TP was 20 mg/kg·BW, Middle-TP was 40 mg/kg·BW, and High-TP was 80 mg/kg·BW) on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. The results were remarkable, and suggested that TP had a significant effect for enhancing immunity in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, and the immune enhancement of High-TP had the best results in TP-treated mice. It could significantly increase the thymus and spleen index, alleviate pathological features of immunosuppression such as the arrangement of liver sinusoid and hepatic plates was disordered, massive inflammatory cells infiltrated and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes in liver, and red pulp and white pulp were intermixed, splenic corpuscles demolished and disappeared, splenic sinusoid extended, and lymphocytes of spleen were reduced in spleen. Besides, it could also up-regulate serum levels of IL-2, IL-12, INF-γ and Ig G, reduce the level of TGF-β in serum, markedly promote mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-12 in liver and spleen, and suppress mRNA expression of TGF-β. Above all, TP showed preventive effect for cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Ruokun Yi
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Guijie Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
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Liu CP, Zhang X, Tan QL, Xu WX, Zhou CY, Luo M, Li X, Huang RY, Zeng X. NF-κB pathways are involved in M1 polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophage by polyporus polysaccharide in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188317. [PMID: 29155869 PMCID: PMC5695768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most malignant tumors closely associated with macrophages. Polyporus polysaccharide (PPS) has shown excellent efficacy in treating bladder cancer with minimal side effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PPS in inhibiting bladder cancer remain unclear. In this study, we used macrophages cultured alone or with T24 human bladder cancer cell culture supernatant as study models. We found that PPS enhanced the activities of IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as shown by the release of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, phagocytosis activity, as well as expression of M1 phenotype indicators, such as CD40, CD284 and CD86. PPS acted upstream in activation cascade of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways by interfering with IκB phosphorylation. In addition, PPS regulated NF-κB (P65) signaling by interfering with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, INOS and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Our results indicate that PPS activates macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Liu
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Long Tan
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xing Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Yue Huang
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (RYH)
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Integrated Chinese medicine immunization and Section Rheumatology Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Guangzhou University of Chinese medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (RYH)
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Meng Z. Purification, characterization and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharides extracted from wild Russula griseocarnosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:1054-1060. [PMID: 29155159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumor activity of a novel polysaccharide, PRG1-1, obtained from Russula griseocarnosa sporocarp was investigated in this paper. PRG1-1 has a molecular weight of 630kDa and was extracted and purified using DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration chromatography from crude polysaccharide extract of R. griseocarnosa sporocarp. PRG1-1 was composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fructose, in a molar ratio of 66.5:29.2:3.17: 0.663:0.447, respectively. Purified PRG1-1 significantly reduced cell viability, increased the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhanced the apoptotic rate in HeLa and SiHa cells. Furthermore, after 24h of PRG1-1 exposure the expression levels of cleaved PARP and caspase-3 were increased and mitochondrial cytochrome c was induced to release to the cytosol. Collectively, our results suggested that the cytotoxicity effects of PRG1-1 on human cervical carcinoma are associated with the apoptotic pathway. These data indicate the promising potential of bioactive PRG1-1 as natural agent to inhibit tumor cell proliferation in the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China; The Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130018, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology II, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Liu W, Ge M, Hu X, Lv A, Ma D, Huang X, Zhang R. The Effects of Agaricus blazei Murill Polysaccharides on Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis and the TLR4 Signaling Pathway of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Chicken. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:153-163. [PMID: 28283953 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharides (ABP) on cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis and the TLR4 signaling pathway of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Seven-day-old healthy chickens were randomly divided into four groups, and each group contained 20 males. The cadmium-supplemented diet group (Cd group) was fed daily with full feed that contained 140 mg cadmium chloride (CdCl2)/kg and 0.2 mL saline. The A. blazei Murill polysaccharide diet group (ABP group) was fed daily with full feed with 0.2 mL ABP solution (30 mg/mL) by oral gavage. The cadmium-supplemented plus A. blazei Murill polysaccharide diet group (Cd + ABP group) was fed daily with full feed containing 140 mg CdCl2/kg and 0.2 mL ABP solution (30 mg/mL) by gavage. The control group was fed daily with full feed with 0.2 mL saline per day. We measured the apoptosis rate and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of apoptosis genes (caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2), the mRNA levels of TLR4 and TLR4 signaling pathway-related factors (MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3), the TLR4 protein expression, and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in chicken PBLs. The results showed that the PBL apoptosis rate was significantly increased, the mRNA levels of caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased, while that of Bcl-2 was significantly reduced. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased in the Cd group at 20, 40, and 60 days after treatment compared with that in the control group. After treatment with ABP, the above changes were clearly suppressed. At the same time, ABP reduced the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by Cd. We also found that ABP inhibited the TLR4 mRNA level and protein expression and inhibited the mRNA levels of MyD88, TRIF, NF-κB, and IRF3. The results demonstrated that Cd could induce apoptosis, activate the TLR4 signaling pathway, and induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in chicken PBLs, and that the administration of ABP clearly inhibited Cd-induced effects on chicken PBLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuequan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexing Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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