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Rodríguez-Sanz A, Fuciños C, Soares C, Torrado AM, Lima N, Rúa ML. A comprehensive method for the sequential separation of extracellular xylanases and β-xylosidases/arabinofuranosidases from a new Fusarium species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132722. [PMID: 38821304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Several fungal species produce diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes useful for the xylooligosaccharide biorefinery. These enzymes can be isolated by different purification methods, but fungi usually produce other several compounds which interfere in the purification process. So, the present work has three interconnected aims: (i) compare β-xylosidase production by Fusarium pernambucanum MUM 18.62 with other crop pathogens; (ii) optimise F. pernambucanum xylanolytic enzymes expression focusing on the pre-inoculum media composition; and (iii) design a downstream strategy to eliminate interfering substances and sequentially isolate β-xylosidases, arabinofuranosidases and endo-xylanases from the extracellular media. F. pernambucanum showed the highest β-xylosidase activity among all the evaluated species. It also produced endo-xylanase and arabinofuranosidase. The growth and β-xylosidase expression were not influenced by the pre-inoculum source, contrary to endo-xylanase activity, which was higher with xylan-enriched agar. Using a sequential strategy involving ammonium sulfate precipitation of the extracellular interferences, and several chromatographic steps of the supernatant (hydrophobic chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and anion exchange chromatography), we were able to isolate different enzyme pools: four partially purified β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside; FpXylEAB trifunctional GH10 endo-xylanase/β-xylosidase/arabinofuranoside enzyme (39.8 kDa) and FpXynE GH11 endo-xylanase with molecular mass (18.0 kDa). FpXylEAB and FpXynE enzymes were highly active at pH 5-6 and 60-50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodríguez-Sanz
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Clara Fuciños
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Célia Soares
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana M Torrado
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Nelson Lima
- CEB-Biological Engineering Centre, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - María L Rúa
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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2
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de Camargo BR, Takematsu HM, Ticona ARP, da Silva LA, Silva FL, Quirino BF, Hamann PRV, Noronha EF. Penicillium polonicum a new isolate obtained from Cerrado soil as a source of carbohydrate-active enzymes produced in response to sugarcane bagasse. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:348. [PMID: 36386566 PMCID: PMC9652181 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium species have been studied as producers of plant cell wall degrading enzymes to deconstruct agricultural residues and to be applied in industrial processes. Natural environments containing decaying plant matter are ideal places for isolating fungal strains with cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. In the present study, Cerrado soil samples were used as source of filamentous fungi able to degrade xylan and cellulose. Penicillium was the most abundant genus among the obtained xylan and carboxymethylcellulose degraders. Penicillium polonicum was one of the best enzyme producers in agar-plate assays. In addition, it secretes CMCase, Avicelase, pectinase, mannanase, and xylanase during growth in liquid media containing sugarcane bagasse as carbon source. The highest value for endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity was obtained after 4 days of growth. Xyl PP, a 20 kDa endo-β-1,4-xylanase, was purified and partially characterized. The purified enzyme presented the remarkable feature of being resistant to the lignin-derived phenolic compounds, p-coumaric and trans-ferulic acids. This feature calls for its further use in bioprocesses that use lignocellulose as feedstock. Furthermore, future work should explore its structural features which may contribute to the understanding of the relationship between its structure and resistance to phenolic compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03405-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Rabelo de Camargo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Hamille Mey Takematsu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Alonso R. Poma Ticona
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Leonardo Assis da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Francilene Lopes Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Betania Ferraz Quirino
- Embrapa-Agroenergia, Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Brasilia, DF 70770-901 Brazil
| | - Pedro R. Vieira Hamann
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
| | - Eliane Ferreira Noronha
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900 Brazil
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3
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Pandeirada CO, Achterweust M, Janssen HG, Westphal Y, Schols HA. Periodate oxidation of plant polysaccharides provides polysaccharide-specific oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Kouzounis D, Jonathan MC, Soares N, Kabel MA, Schols HA. In vivo formation of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides by dietary endo-xylanase alters arabinoxylan utilization in broilers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Effect of physicochemical properties, pre-processing, and extraction on the functionality of wheat bran arabinoxylans in breadmaking - A review. Food Chem 2022; 383:132584. [PMID: 35413756 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arabinoxylan (AX) is an abundant hemicellulose in wheat bran and an important functional component in bakery products. This review compares preprocessing and extraction methods, and evaluates their effect on AX properties and functionality as a bread ingredient. The extraction process results in AX isolates or concentrates with varying molecular characteristics, indicating that the process can be adjusted to produce AX with targeted functionality. AX functionality in bread seems to depend on AX properties but also on AX addition level and interactions with other components. This review suggests that the use of AX with tailored properties together with properly optimized baking process could help increasing the amount of added fiber in bread while maintaining or even improving bread quality.
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Morgan T, Custódio FA, Tavares MP, Pereira OL, Guimarães VM, de Oliveira Mendes TA. Genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of a new endophytic Trichoderma species isolated from orchid roots with reduced repertoire of protein-coding genes. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Gufe C, Ngenyoung A, Rattanarojpong T, Khunrae P. Investigation into the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw and their impact on probiotic growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126319. [PMID: 34775054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This comparative study investigated the effects of CbXyn10C and Xyn11A on xylooligosaccharide profiles produced from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and rice straw (RS) and their impact on probiotic growth. Generally, CbXyn10C produced more xylose and a higher total phenolic content than Xyn11A. Interestingly, XOS obtained from SCB with CbXyn10C contained significantly more gallic acid than that produced by Xn11A. All selected probiotics thrived in RS-derived XOS, regardless of the enzyme used. However, probiotics grew differently on SCB-derived XOS depending on the enzyme used. All probiotics thrived in Xyn11A-derived XOS from SCB. Only Lactobacillus plantarum thrived on CbXyn10C-derived XOS, while the other two were inhibited. Gallic acid in CbXyn10C-derived XOS from SCB has been linked to probiotic retardation, and gallic acid-enriched broth has been found to inhibit Bifidobacterium longum and Bacillus subtilis, but not L. plantarum. Consequently, the selection of enzymes and plant biomass is crucial for XOS properties and prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudious Gufe
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Apichet Ngenyoung
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Triwit Rattanarojpong
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
| | - Pongsak Khunrae
- Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Building, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand.
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8
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Schmitz E, Leontakianakou S, Norlander S, Nordberg Karlsson E, Adlercreutz P. Lignocellulose degradation for the bioeconomy: The potential of enzyme synergies between xylanases, ferulic acid esterase and laccase for the production of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126114. [PMID: 34648963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The success of establishing bioeconomies replacing current economies based on fossil resources largely depends on our ability to degrade recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. This study explores the potential of employing various enzymes acting synergistically on previously pretreated agricultural side streams (corn bran, oat hull, soluble and insoluble oat bran). Degrees of synergy (oligosaccharide yield obtained with the enzyme combination divided by the sum of yields obtained with individual enzymes) of up to 88 were obtained. Combinations of a ferulic acid esterase and xylanases resulted in synergy on all substrates, while a laccase and xylanases only acted synergistically on the more recalcitrant substrates. Synergy between different xylanases (glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 5 and 11) was observed particularly on oat hulls, producing a yield of 57%. The synergistic ability of the enzymes was found to be partly due to the increased enzyme stability when in combination with the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schmitz
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden.
| | - Savvina Leontakianakou
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Siri Norlander
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
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9
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Ríos-Ríos KL, Dejonghe W, Vanbroekhoven K, Rakotoarivonina H, Rémond C. Enzymatic Production of Xylo-oligosaccharides from Destarched Wheat Bran and the Impact of Their Degree of Polymerization and Substituents on Their Utilization as a Carbon Source by Probiotic Bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13217-13226. [PMID: 34706532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) from destarched wheat bran with a GH11 xylanase was studied. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOs) produced were separated into different fractions according to their degree of polymerization (DP) and the nature of their substituents: arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOs) with a DP from 2 to 3 and DP from 2 to 6 and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (FAXOs) esterified by ferulic and p-coumaric acids with a DP from 3 to 6. Both AXOs (short and long DP) and FAXOs stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Prevotella copri similarly but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The utilization of AXOs and FAXOs as a carbon source resulted in the increase in turbidity, decrease in pH, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the culture broth. The highest amount of SCFAs was produced by F. prausnitzii using FAXOs. Results suggest that FAXOs and AXOs have the potential to be considered as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Ríos-Ríos
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Karolien Vanbroekhoven
- Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, 51097 Reims, France
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10
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Liers C, Ullrich R, Kellner H, Chi DH, Quynh DT, Luyen ND, Huong LM, Hofrichter M, Nghi DH. Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Materials with the Contribution of a Multifunctional GH78 Glycoside Hydrolase from Xylaria polymorpha to Release Aromatic Fragments and Carbohydrates. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1438-1445. [PMID: 34409952 PMCID: PMC9705965 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional glycoside hydrolase GH78 from the ascomycete Xylaria polymorpha (XpoGH78) possesses catalytic versatility towards both glycosides and esters, which may be advantageous for the efficient degradation of the plant cell-wall complex that contains both diverse sugar residues and esterified structures. The contribution of XpoGH78 to the conversion of lignocellulosic materials without any chemical pretreatment to release the water-soluble aromatic fragments, carbohydrates, and methanol was studied. The disintegrating effect of enzymatic lignocellulose treatment can be significantly improved by using different kinds of hydrolases and phenoloxidases. The considerable changes in low (3 kDa), medium (30 kDa), and high (> 200 kDa) aromatic fragments were observed after the treatment with XpoGH78 alone or with this potent cocktail. Synergistic conversion of rape straw also resulted in a release of 17.3 mg of total carbohydrates (e.g., arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose) per gram of substrate after incubating for 72 h. Moreover, the treatment of rape straw with XpoGH78 led to a marginal methanol release of approximately 17 μg/g and improved to 270 μg/g by cooperation with the above accessory enzymes. In the case of beech wood conversion, the combined catalysis by XpoGH78 and laccase caused an effect comparable with that of fungal strain X. polymorpha in woody cultures concerning the liberation of aromatic lignocellulose fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Liers
- International Graduate School of Zittau (IHI Zittau), Dresden University of Technology, D-03583 Zittau, Germany
| | - René Ullrich
- International Graduate School of Zittau (IHI Zittau), Dresden University of Technology, D-03583 Zittau, Germany
| | - Harald Kellner
- International Graduate School of Zittau (IHI Zittau), Dresden University of Technology, D-03583 Zittau, Germany
| | - Do Huu Chi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Dang Thu Quynh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dinh Luyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Mai Huong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- International Graduate School of Zittau (IHI Zittau), Dresden University of Technology, D-03583 Zittau, Germany
| | - Do Huu Nghi
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam,Corresponding author Phone: +84 (0)916670188 Fax: +84 (043) 7564 390 E-mail:
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11
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Abedi E, Fatemi F, Sefidbakht Y, Siadat SER. Development and characterization of a thermostable GH11/GH10 xylan degrading chimeric enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109854. [PMID: 34311891 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases are categorized into different family groups, two of which are glycoside hydrolases 10 (GH10) and 11 (GH11) families. These well-characterized xylanases demonstrate different modes of action in hydrolysis of xylans. Imitating certain types of microorganisms to produce bifunctional enzymes such as engineered xylanases has gained considerable attention among researchers. In this study, a recombinant chimeric enzyme (X11-10) was designed by fusing two thermostable xylanases through a peptide linker. The recombinant parental enzymes, xylanase 10 from fungus Bispora sp. MEY-1 (X10) and xylanase 11 from bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus (X11), and their chimera were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), purified, and characterized. Being active over a wide pH range, X11-10 chimera showed higher thermal stability, possessed a lower Km, and a higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) in comparison to the parental enzymes. Also, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of X11-10 revealed that its active site residues were free to interact with substrate. This novel chimeric xylanase may have potential applications in different industrial processes since it can substitute two separate enzymes and therefore minimize the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Abedi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Fatemi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Ranaei Siadat
- Sobhan Recombinant Protein, No. 22, 2nd Noavari St, Pardis Technology Park, 20th Km of Damavand Road, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Jaichakan P, Nakphaichit M, Rungchang S, Weerawatanakorn M, Phongthai S, Klangpetch W. Two-stage processing for xylooligosaccharide recovery from rice by-products and evaluation of products: Promotion of lactic acid-producing bacterial growth and food application in a high-pressure process. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110529. [PMID: 34399507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to maximize arabinoxylan conversion into xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from rice husk and rice straw using two saccharification processes and evaluate the promotion of lactic acid-producing bacterial growth, including an investigation of the role of prebiotics in protecting probiotic bacteria in rice drink products in a high-pressure process (HPP). Hydrothermal treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis was designed for XOS recovery from rice husk arabinoxylan (RH-AX) and rice straw arabinoxylan (RS-AX). The hydrothermal treatment performed at 170 °C for 20 min and 180 °C for 10 min was the optimal condition to produce XOS liquor from rice husk and rice straw, respectively. Pentopan mono BG successfully recovered XOS from rice husk and rice straw residues at 50 °C, pH 5.5, an enzyme concentration of 50 U and 100 U/g substrate for 24 h. This design converted 92.17 and 88.34% (w/w) of initial RH-AX and RS-AX into saccharides, which comprised 64.01 and 59.52% of the XOS content, respectively. Rice husk xylooligosaccharide (RH-XOS) and rice straw xylooligosaccharide (RS-XOS) had degrees of polymerization ranging from 2 to 6 with some arabino-xylooligosaccharides. RH-XOS and RS-XOS were used to examine the promotion of the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria strains in the presence of other prebiotics. RH-XOS and RS-XOS strongly promoted the growth of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus brevis, while other species showed weak to moderate growth. This study represents the first report of the powerful effect of Lactococcus lactis KA-FF1-4 on altering the utilization of XOS but not xylose. Furthermore, for the first time, we reported the capability of XOS to protect probiotics in rice drinks under high-pressure conditions. RH-XOS and RS-XOS resulted in the highest viability of approximately 11 log cfu/mL and exhibited no significant difference compared with the non-HPP treatment. Hence, rice husk and rice straw can be utilized as alternative prebiotic sources that provide biological activity and food applications in the HPP industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannapapol Jaichakan
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saowaluk Rungchang
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Suphat Phongthai
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Cluster of High Value Products from Thai Rice and Plants for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Research Center for Development of Local Lanna Rice and Rice Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannaporn Klangpetch
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Cluster of High Value Products from Thai Rice and Plants for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; Research Center for Development of Local Lanna Rice and Rice Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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13
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Kouzounis D, Hageman JA, Soares N, Michiels J, Schols HA. Impact of Xylanase and Glucanase on Oligosaccharide Formation, Carbohydrate Fermentation Patterns, and Nutrient Utilization in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1285. [PMID: 33947151 PMCID: PMC8147108 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining how the degradation of cereal non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) by dietary enzymes during feed digestion can influence nutrient digestibility and NSP fermentability in broilers. Ninety-six one-day-old male broilers were assigned to 4 different treatments: control and enzyme-supplemented wheat-based (WC, WE) or maize-based (MC, ME) treatments. Enzyme supplementation with endo-xylanase and endo-glucanase occurred from day 20 onwards. On day 28, digesta samples were collected. Nutrient digestibility, NSP recovery, oligosaccharide profile, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) content were determined. Enzyme supplementation in WE resulted in a higher starch (3%; p = 0.004) and protein (5%; p = 0.002) digestion in the ileum compared to WC. Xylanase activity in WE led to in situ formations of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides consisting of 5 to 26 pentose units in the ileum. This coincided with decreased arabinose (p = 0.059) and xylose (p = 0.036) amounts in the ceca and higher acetate (p = 0.014) and butyrate (p = 0.044) formation in WE compared to WC. Conversely, complete total tract recovery of arabinoxylan in MC and ME suggested poor maize NSP fermentability. Overall, enzyme action improved nutrient digestibility and arabinoxylan fermentability in the wheat-based diet. The lower response of the maize-based diet to enzyme treatment may be related to the recalcitrance of maize arabinoxylan as well as to the high nutritive value of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouzounis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jos A. Hageman
- Biometris, Applied Statistics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Natalia Soares
- Huvepharma NV, Uitbreidingstraat 80, 2600 Berchem, Belgium;
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality (LANUPRO), Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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14
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Baker JT, Duarte ME, Holanda DM, Kim SW. Friend or Foe? Impacts of Dietary Xylans, Xylooligosaccharides, and Xylanases on Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:609. [PMID: 33652614 PMCID: PMC7996850 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the structural difference and role of xylan, procedures involved in the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS), and their implementation into animal feeds. Xylan is non-starch polysaccharides that share a β-(1-4)-linked xylopyranose backbone as a common feature. Due to the myriad of residues that can be substituted on the polymers within the xylan family, more anti-nutritional factors are associated with certain types of xylan than others. XOS are sugar oligomers extracted from xylan-containing lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, wood, and herbaceous biomass, that possess prebiotic effects. XOS can also be produced in the intestine of monogastric animals to some extent when exogenous enzymes, such as xylanase, are added to the feed. Xylanase supplementation is a common practice within both swine and poultry production to reduce intestinal viscosity and improve digestive utilization of nutrients. The efficacy of xylanase supplementation varies widely due a number of factors, one of which being the presence of xylanase inhibitors present in common feedstuffs. The use of prebiotics in animal feeding is gaining popularity as producers look to accelerate growth rate, enhance intestinal health, and improve other production parameters in an attempt to provide a safe and sustainable food product. Available research on the impact of xylan, XOS, as well as xylanase on the growth and health of swine and poultry, is also summarized. The response to xylanase supplementation in swine and poultry feeds is highly variable and whether the benefits are a result of nutrient release from NSP, reduction in digesta viscosity, production of short chain xylooligosaccharides or a combination of these is still in question. XOS supplementation seems to benefit both swine and poultry at various stages of production, as well as varying levels of XOS purity and degree of polymerization; however, further research is needed to elucidate the ideal dosage, purity, and degree of polymerization needed to confer benefits on intestinal health and performance in each respective species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (J.T.B.); (M.E.D.); (D.M.H.)
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15
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Ward NE. Debranching enzymes in corn/soybean meal-based poultry feeds: a review. Poult Sci 2021; 100:765-775. [PMID: 33518131 PMCID: PMC7858153 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the complex nature of the primary nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) in corn with respect to the merit of debranching enzymes. Celluloses, hemicelluloses, and pectins comprise the 3 major categories of NSP that make up nearly 90% of plant cell walls. Across cereals, the hemicellulose arabinoxylan exists as the primary NSP, followed by cellulose, glucans, and others. Differences in arabinoxylan structure among cereals and cereal fractions are facilitated by cereal type, degree and pattern of substitution along the xylan backbone, phenol content, and cross-linkages. In particular, arabinoxylan (also called glucuronoarabinoxylan) in corn is heavily fortified with substituents, being more populated than in wheat and other cereal grains. Feed-grade xylanases - almost solely of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 10 and GH 11 families - require at least 2 or 3 contiguous xylose units to be free of attachments to effectively attack the xylan chain. This canopy of attachments, along with a high phenol content and the insoluble nature of corn glucuronoarabinoxylan, confers a significant resistance to xylanase attack. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that debranching enzymes appreciably increase xylanase access and fiber degradability by removing these attachments and breaking phenolic linkages. The enzymatic degradation of the highly branched arabinoxylan can facilitate disassembly of other fibers by increasing exposure to pertinent carbohydrases. For cereals, the arabinofuranosidases, α-glucuronidases, and esterases are some of the more germane debranching enzymes. Enzyme composites beyond the simple core mixes of xylanases, cellulases, and glucanases can exploit synergistic benefits generated by this class of enzymes. A broad scope of enzymatic activity in customized mixes can more effectively target the resilient NSP construct of cereal grains in commercial poultry diets, particularly those in corn-based feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson E Ward
- Animal Nutrition and Health Group, DSM Nutritional Products Inc., Ringoes, NJ 08551, USA.
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16
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Mafa MS, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) sourced from a termite hindgut and GH10 xylanases synergy improves degradation of arabinoxylan. AMB Express 2021; 11:21. [PMID: 33464449 PMCID: PMC7815865 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal feedstocks have high arabinoxylan content as their main hemicellulose, which is linked to lignin by hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic acid. The ferulic acid is linked to arabinoxylan by ester bonds, and generally, the high substitution of ferulic acid leads to a loss of activity of xylanases targeting the arabinoxylan. In the current study, a feruloyl esterase (FAE-1) from a termite hindgut bacteria was functionally characterised and used in synergy with xylanases during xylan hydrolysis. The FAE-1 displayed temperature and pH optima of 60 ℃ and 7.0, respectively. FAE-1 did not release reducing sugars from beechwood xylan (BWX), wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and oat spelt xylan (OX), however, displayed high activity of 164.74 U/mg protein on p-nitrophenyl-acetate (pNPA). In contrast, the GH10 xylanases; Xyn10 and XT6, and a GH11 xylanase, Xyn2A, showed more than two-fold increased activity on xylan substrates with low sidechain substitutions; BWX and OX, compared to the highly branched substrate, WAX. Interestingly, the FAE-1 and GH10 xylanases (Xyn10D and XT6) displayed a degree of synergy (DS) that was higher than 1 in all enzyme loading combinations during WAX hydrolysis. The 75%XT6:25%FAE-1 synergistic enzyme combination increased the release of reducing sugars by 1.34-fold from WAX compared to the control, while 25%Xyn10D:75%FAE-1 synergistic combination released about 2.1-fold of reducing sugars from WAX compared to controls. These findings suggest that FAE-1 can be used in concert with xylanases, particularly those from GH10, to efficiently degrade arabinoxylans contained in cereal feedstocks for various industrial settings such as in animal feeds and baking.
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17
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Tingley JP, Low KE, Xing X, Abbott DW. Combined whole cell wall analysis and streamlined in silico carbohydrate-active enzyme discovery to improve biocatalytic conversion of agricultural crop residues. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:16. [PMID: 33422151 PMCID: PMC7797155 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The production of biofuels as an efficient source of renewable energy has received considerable attention due to increasing energy demands and regulatory incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second-generation biofuel feedstocks, including agricultural crop residues generated on-farm during annual harvests, are abundant, inexpensive, and sustainable. Unlike first-generation feedstocks, which are enriched in easily fermentable carbohydrates, crop residue cell walls are highly resistant to saccharification, fermentation, and valorization. Crop residues contain recalcitrant polysaccharides, including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, and lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes. In addition, their cell walls can vary in linkage structure and monosaccharide composition between plant sources. Characterization of total cell wall structure, including high-resolution analyses of saccharide composition, linkage, and complex structures using chromatography-based methods, nuclear magnetic resonance, -omics, and antibody glycome profiling, provides critical insight into the fine chemistry of feedstock cell walls. Furthermore, improving both the catalytic potential of microbial communities that populate biodigester reactors and the efficiency of pre-treatments used in bioethanol production may improve bioconversion rates and yields. Toward this end, knowledge and characterization of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in dynamic biomass deconstruction is pivotal. Here we overview the use of common "-omics"-based methods for the study of lignocellulose-metabolizing communities and microorganisms, as well as methods for annotation and discovery of CAZymes, and accurate prediction of CAZyme function. Emerging approaches for analysis of large datasets, including metagenome-assembled genomes, are also discussed. Using complementary glycomic and meta-omic methods to characterize agricultural residues and the microbial communities that digest them provides promising streams of research to maximize value and energy extraction from crop waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada.
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18
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Bioprospecting of Thermophilic Fungal Enzymes and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Parab PD, Khandeparker RD, Shenoy BD, Sharma J. Phylogenetic Diversity of Culturable Marine Bacteria from Mangrove Sediments of Goa, India: a Potential Source of Xylanases Belonging to Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 10. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Ma F, Li X, Yin J, Ma L, Li D. Optimisation of double-enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylan from fresh corn fibre. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:4649-4659. [PMID: 33087976 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic extraction of arabinoxylans (AXs) is an attractive and environmentally friendly extraction option, in which technical considerations (yield and purity) have been coupled with environmental concerns. Amano HC 90 and Cellulase were combined to evaluate their interactive effects on AX extraction from destarched, deproteinised bran (DSDPB). A response surface methodology was used to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The experimental data fit well with the predicted values and the model adequately represented the actual relationship among the measured parameters. The extraction yield and AX content in the extract under optimal conditions (double-enzyme dose of 920 U/g, pH of 3.0, extraction temperature of 35.0 °C; extraction time of 6 h; and DSDPB to liquid ratio of 1:30) were 40.73 ± 0.09% and 75.88 ± 0.11%, respectively. The double-enzymatic extraction method of AX from fresh corn fibre was more efficient than the chemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022 Jilin People's Republic of China
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21
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Hamann PR, Gomes TC, de M.B.Silva L, Noronha EF. Influence of lignin-derived phenolic compounds on the Clostridium thermocellum endo-β-1,4-xylanase XynA. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Metagenomic Insights into Effects of Thiamine Supplementation on Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes' Profile in Dairy Cows Fed High-Concentrate Diets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020304. [PMID: 32074983 PMCID: PMC7070242 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the co-enzyme of pyruvate formate-lyase under ruminal anaerobic condition, thiamine plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of thiamine supplementation on ruminal carbohydrate-active enzymes. Twelve Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON; 20% starch, dry matter (DM) basis), high-concentrate diet (HC; 33.2% starch, DM basis) and a high-concentrate diet supplemented with 180 mg thiamine/kg DM (HCT; 33.2% starch, DM basis). Dry matter intake and milk production were recorded for 21 days. Rumen fluid samples were collected, and ruminal pH and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were measured. The metagenome sequencing technique was used to detect the genes in ruminal microorganisms and identify putative carbohydrate-active enzymes. The total abundances of carbohydrate-active enzymes and fiber-degrading enzymes were both reduced by HC with no effect on starch-degrading enzymes compared with CON. However, the fiber-degrading enzymes and starch-degrading enzymes were both increased after thiamine supplementation. These results indicated that 180 mg thiamine /kg DM might effectively improve rumen carbohydrate metabolism through increasing the abundance of ruminal carbohydrate-active enzymes and consequently balanced the rumen volatile fatty acids and rumen pH, providing a practical strategy in preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in cows offered HC.
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23
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Malgas S, Mafa MS, Mkabayi L, Pletschke BI. A mini review of xylanolytic enzymes with regards to their synergistic interactions during hetero-xylan degradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:187. [PMID: 31728656 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the recent models describing the mode of action of various xylanolytic enzymes and how these enzymes can be applied (sequentially or simultaneously) with their distinctive roles in mind to achieve efficient xylan degradation. With respect to homeosynergy, synergism appears to be as a result of β-xylanase and/or oligosaccharide reducing-end β-xylanase liberating xylo-oligomers (XOS) that are preferred substrates of the processive β-xylosidase. With regards to hetero-synergism, two cross relationships appear to exist and seem to be the reason for synergism between the enzymes during xylan degradation. These cross relations are the debranching enzymes such as α-glucuronidase or side-chain cleaving enzymes such as carbohydrate esterases (CE) removing decorations that would have hindered back-bone-cleaving enzymes, while backbone-cleaving-enzymes liberate XOS that are preferred substrates of the debranching and side-chain-cleaving enzymes. This interaction is demonstrated by high yields in co-production of xylan substituents such as arabinose, glucuronic acid and ferulic acid, and XOS. Finally, lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) have also been implicated in boosting whole lignocellulosic biomass or insoluble xylan degradation by glycoside hydrolases (GH) by possibly disrupting entangled xylan residues. Since it has been observed that the same enzyme (same Enzyme Commission, EC, classification) from different GH or CE and/or AA families can display different synergistic interactions with other enzymes due to different substrate specificities and properties, in this review, we propose an approach of enzyme selection (and mode of application thereof) during xylan degradation, as this can improve the economic viability of the degradation of xylan for producing precursors of value added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa
| | - Mpho S Mafa
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa.,Protein Structure-Function Research Unit (PSFRU), School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Wits University, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2000, South Africa
| | - Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, 6140, South Africa.
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24
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Truong KTP, Rumpagaporn P. Oligosaccharides Preparation from Rice Bran Arabinoxylan by Two Different Commercial Endoxylanase Enzymes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S171-S174. [PMID: 31619622 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS), potential prebiotics, can be produced from rice bran arabinoxylan (RBAX) using commercial endoxylanase enzymes. However, differences in rice bran cultivars and endoxylanase enzyme types may affect extracted oligosaccharides (OS) yields. This study investigated extracted OS structures derived from three different RBAX using two commercial endoxylanase enzymes. RBAX extracted from commercially defatted rice bran (CDRB) yielded the greatest OS amount (456.69 mg/g RBAX), followed by that of the San-Pah-Tawng1 (SPT1) cultivar (231.7 mg/g RBAX), and lastly, the Chai-Nat1 (CN1) cultivar (172.57 mg/g RBAX), as evidenced via Ultraflo L enzyme hydrolysis. Ultraflo Max enzyme hydrolysis produced a similar trend, however, OS amounts from all RBAX sources were remarkably lower (83.39 mg/g RBAX extracted from CDRB, 27.05 mg/g RBAX from SPT1 cultivar, and 21.53 mg/g RBAX from CN1 cultivar). Interestingly, 32-α-L-Araf-(1-4)-β-D-xylobiose (A3X) was the primary AXOS product in all RBAX hydrolysates prepared by Ultraflo Max. RBAX extracted from CDRB solubilized by Ultraflo L (45.67% weight of RBAX) had higher OS yields than that obtained via Ultraflo Max (8.3% weight of RBAX). Ultraflo L was therefore a suitable commercial enzyme for short-chain OS conversion from RBAX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T P Truong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University
| | - Pinthip Rumpagaporn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University.,Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University
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25
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Wood–Moisture Relationships Studied with Molecular Simulations: Methodological Guidelines. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10080628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims at providing a methodological framework for investigating wood polymers using atomistic modeling, namely, molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Atomistic simulations are used to mimic water adsorption and desorption in amorphous polymers, make observations on swelling, mechanical softening, and on hysteresis. This hygromechanical behavior, as observed in particular from the breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds, is related to the behavior of more complex polymeric composites. Wood is a hierarchical material, where the origin of wood-moisture relationships lies at the nanoporous material scale. As water molecules are adsorbed into the hydrophilic matrix in the cell walls, the induced fluid–solid interaction forces result in swelling of these cell walls. The interaction of the composite polymeric material, that is the layer S2 of the wood cell wall, with water is known to rearrange its internal material structure, which makes it moisture sensitive, influencing its physical properties. In-depth studies of the coupled effects of water sorption on hygric and mechanical properties of different polymeric components can be performed with atomistic modeling. The paper covers the main components of knowledge and good practice for such simulations.
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26
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Ray S, Vigouroux J, Bouder A, Francin Allami M, Geairon A, Fanuel M, Ropartz D, Helbert W, Lahaye M, Bonnin E. Functional exploration of Pseudoalteromonas atlantica as a source of hemicellulose-active enzymes: Evidence for a GH8 xylanase with unusual mode of action. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 127:6-16. [PMID: 31088618 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To address the need for efficient enzymes exhibiting novel activities towards cell wall polysaccharides, the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas atlantica was selected based on the presence of potential hemicellulases in its annotated genome. It was grown in the presence or not of hemicelluloses and the culture filtrates were screened towards 42 polysaccharides. P. atlantica showed appreciable diversity of enzymes active towards hemicelluloses from Monocot and Dicot origin, in agreement with its genome annotation. After growth on beechwood glucuronoxylan and fractionation of the secretome, a β-xylosidase, a α-arabinofuranosidase and an acetylesterase activities were evidenced. A GH8 enzyme obtained in the same growth conditions was further cloned and heterologously overexpressed. It was shown to be a xylanase active on heteroxylans from various sources. The detailed study of its mode of action demonstrated that the oligosaccharides produced carried a long tail of un-substituted xylose residues on the reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Ray
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France; Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104 West Bengal, India
| | | | - Axelle Bouder
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | | | - Audrey Geairon
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | - William Helbert
- CERMAV-CNRS, 601 rue de la Chimie, BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRA, UR 1268 Biopolymères - Interactions - Assemblages, 44 316 Nantes, France.
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27
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The effect of an oligosaccharide reducing-end xylanase, BhRex8A, on the synergistic degradation of xylan backbones by an optimised xylanolytic enzyme cocktail. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 122:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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de Oliveira Simões LC, da Silva RR, de Oliveira Nascimento CE, Boscolo M, Gomes E, da Silva R. Purification and Physicochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable Xylanase Secreted by the Fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica F.2.1.4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:991-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Fehér
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Biorefinery Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Qu W, Lin D, Zhang Z, Di W, Gao B, Zeng R. Metagenomics Investigation of Agarlytic Genes and Genomes in Mangrove Sediments in China: A Potential Repertory for Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1864. [PMID: 30177916 PMCID: PMC6109693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides produced by agarose degradation exhibit potential in the fields of bioenergy, medicine, and cosmetics. Mangrove sediments (MGSs) provide a special environment to enrich enzymes for agarose degradation. However, representative investigations of the agarlytic genes in MGSs have been rarely reported. In this study, agarlytic genes in MGSs were researched in detail from the aspects of diversity, abundance, activity, and location through deep metagenomics sequencing. Functional genes in MGSs were usually incomplete but were shown as results, which could cause virtually high number of results in previous studies because multiple fragmented sequences could originate from the same genes. In our work, only complete and nonredundant (CNR) genes were analyzed to avoid virtually high amount of the results. The number of CNR agarlytic genes in our datasets was significantly higher than that in the datasets of previous studies. Twenty-one recombinant agarases with agarose-degrading activity were detected using heterologous expression based on numerous complete open-reading frames, which are rarely obtained in metagenomics sequencing of samples with complex microbial communities, such as MGSs. Aga2, which had the highest crude enzyme activity among the 21 recombinant agarases, was further purified and subjected to enzymatic characterization. With its high agarose-degrading activity, resistance to temperature changes and chemical agents, Aga2 could be a suitable option for industrial production. The agarase ratio with signal peptides to that without signal peptides in our MGS datasets was lower than that of other reported agarases. Six draft genomes, namely, Clusters 1-6, were recovered from the datasets. The taxonomic annotation of these genomes revealed that Clusters 1, 3, 5, and 6 were annotated as Desulfuromonas sp., Treponema sp., Ignavibacteriales spp., and Polyangiaceae spp., respectively. Meanwhile, Clusters 2 and 4 were potential new species. All these genomes were first reported and found to have abilities of degrading various important polysaccharides. The metabolic pathway of agarose in Cluster 4 was also speculated. Our results showed the capacity and activity of agarases in the MGS microbiome, and MGSs exert potential as a repertory for mining not only agarlytic genes but also almost all genes of the carbohydrate-active enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dan Lin
- Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Zhouhao Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co. Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjie Di
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China
| | - Boliang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Runying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, China
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Characterization of Two New Endo-β-1,4-xylanases from Eupenicillium parvum 4–14 and Their Applications for Production of Feruloylated Oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:816-833. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Xiong K, Xiong S, Gao S, Li Q, Sun B, Li X. Improving Hydrolysis Characteristics of Xylanases by Site-Directed Mutagenesis in Binding-Site Subsites from Streptomyces L10608. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29533991 PMCID: PMC5877695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of oligosaccharides via xylan hydrolysis is an effective way to add value to hemicellulosic material of agricultural waste. The bacterial strain Streptomyces L10608, isolated from soil, contains genes encoding xylanases of glucoside hydrolase family 10/11 (GH10/11), and these have been cloned to catalyze the production of xylooligosaccharide (XOS). To improve the XOS proportion of hydrolysates produced by xylanase, four amino acid residues were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Mutations replaced the codons encoding Asn214 (+2) and Asn86 (−2) by Ala and removed the Ricin B-lectin domain in GH10-xyn, and mutants Y115A (−2) and Y123A (−2) were produced for GH11-xyn. Interestingly, GH10-N86Q had significantly increased hydrolysis of XOS and almost eliminated xylose (X1) to <2.5%, indicating that the −2 binding site of GH10-xyn of L10608 is required for binding with xylotriose (X3). The hydrolytic activity of GH10-N86Q was increased approximately 1.25-fold using beechwood xylan as a substrate and had high affinity for the substrate with a low Km of about 1.85 mg·mL−1. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in enzymatic properties between GH10-N86Q and GH10-xyn. These mutants offer great potential for modification of xylanase with desired XOS hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Suyue Xiong
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Siyu Gao
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), No. 33 Fucheng Road, Haidian, Beijing 100048, China.
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33
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Husson E, Auxenfans T, Herbaut M, Baralle M, Lambertyn V, Rakotoarivonina H, Rémond C, Sarazin C. Sequential and simultaneous strategies for biorefining of wheat straw using room temperature ionic liquids, xylanases and cellulases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:280-287. [PMID: 29288956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential and simultaneous strategies for fractioning wheat straw were developed in combining 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate [C2mim][OAc], endo-xylanases from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus and commercial cellulases. After [C2mim][OAc]-pretreatment, hydrolysis catalyzed by endo-xylanases of wheat straw led to efficient xylose production with very competitive yield (97.6 ± 1.3%). Subsequent enzymatic saccharification allowed achieving a total degradation of cellulosic fraction (>99%). These high performances revealed an interesting complementarity of [C2mim][OAc]- and xylanase-pretreatments for increasing enzymatic digestibility of cellulosic fraction in agreement with the structural and morphological changes of wheat straw induced by each of these pretreatment steps. In addition a higher tolerance of endo-xylanases from T. xylaniliticus to [C2mim][AcO] until 30% v/v than cellulases from T. reesei was observed. Based on this property, a simultaneous strategy combining [C2mim][OAc]- and endo-xylanases as pretreatment in a one-batch produced xylose with similar yield than those obtained by the sequential strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Husson
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Auxenfans
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Mickael Herbaut
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Manon Baralle
- UMR FARE 614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRA, 51686 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Virginie Lambertyn
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Harivoni Rakotoarivonina
- UMR FARE 614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRA, 51686 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Rémond
- UMR FARE 614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRA, 51686 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France.
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The role of supercritical fluids in the fractionation pretreatments of a wheat bran-based biorefinery. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Exploring the aglycone subsite of a GH11 xylanase for the synthesis of xylosides by transglycosylation reactions. J Biotechnol 2018; 272-273:56-63. [PMID: 29501471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases Tx-xyn10 and Tx-xyn11 were compared for their transxylosylation abilities in the presence of various acceptors. Tx-xyn10 exhibited a broad specificity for various acceptors, whereas xylanase Tx-xyn11 catalysed transxylosylation reactions only in presence of polyphenolic acceptors. A modelling approach was developed to study the molecular bottlenecks into the active site of the enzyme that could be responsible for this restricted specificity. The glycosyl-enzyme intermediate of Tx-xyn11 was modelled, and a rotamer of the Y78 residue was integrated. In silico mutations of some residues from the (+1) and (+2) subsites were tested for the deglycosylation step in the presence of non-polyphenolic acceptors. The results indicated that the mutant W126A was able to use aliphatic alcohols and benzyl alcohol as acceptors for transxylosylation. Experimental validation was tested by mutating the xylanase Tx-xyn11 at position W126 into alanine. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency of the W126A mutant during the hydrolysis of xylans decreased by 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type xylanase. Among tested acceptors, transxylosylation catalysed by mutant W126A was improved with benzyl alcohol leading to a 2-fold higher concentration of benzyl xylobioside, as predicted by in silico mutation. This improved transxylosylation in the presence of benzyl alcohol leading to higher synthesis of benzyl xylobioside could likely be explained by lowest steric hindrance in the aglycone subsite of the mutated xylanase. No secondary hydrolysis of benzyl xylobioside occurred for both wild-type and mutant xylanases. Finally, our results demonstrated that the modelling approach was limited and that accounting for protein dynamics can lead to improved models.
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36
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de Queiroz Brito Cunha CC, Gama AR, Cintra LC, Bataus LAM, Ulhoa CJ. Improvement of bread making quality by supplementation with a recombinant xylanase produced by Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192996. [PMID: 29481569 PMCID: PMC5826528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are hydrolytic enzymes, which randomly cleave the β-1,4-linked xylose residues from xylan. The synthetic gene xynBS27 from Streptomyces sp. S27 was successfully cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The full-length gene consists of 729 bp and encodes 243 amino acids including 51 residues of a putative signal peptide. This enzyme was purified in two steps and was shown to have a molecular weight of 20 kDa. The purified r-XynBS27 was active against beechwood xylan and oat spelt xylan as expected for GH 11 family. The optimum pH and temperature values for the enzyme were 6.0 and 75 °C, respectively. The Km and Vmax were 12.38 mg/mL and 13.68 μmol min/mg, respectively. The r-XynBS27 showed high xylose tolerance and was inhibited by some metal ions and by SDS. r-XynBS27 was employed as an additive in the bread making process. A decrease in firmness, stiffness and consistency, and improvements in specific volume and reducing sugar content were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena Cardoso Cintra
- Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Cirano José Ulhoa
- Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
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37
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Mathew S, Aronsson A, Karlsson EN, Adlercreutz P. Xylo- and arabinoxylooligosaccharides from wheat bran by endoxylanases, utilisation by probiotic bacteria, and structural studies of the enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3105-3120. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Sajib M, Falck P, Sardari RRR, Mathew S, Grey C, Karlsson EN, Adlercreutz P. Valorization of Brewer's spent grain to prebiotic oligosaccharide: Production, xylanase catalyzed hydrolysis, in-vitro evaluation with probiotic strains and in a batch human fecal fermentation model. J Biotechnol 2018; 268:61-70. [PMID: 29337072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) accounts for around 85% of the solid by-products from beer production. BSG was first extracted to obtain water-soluble arabinoxylan (AX). Using subsequent alkali extraction (0.5 M KOH) it was possible to dissolve additional AX. In total, about 57% of the AX in BSG was extracted with the purity of 45-55%. After comparison of nine xylanases, Pentopan mono BG, a GH11 enzyme, was selected for hydrolysis of the extracts to oligosaccharides with minimal formation of monosaccharides. Growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ATCC 15703) was promoted by the enzymatic hydrolysis to arabinoxylooligosaccharides, while Lactobacillus brevis (DSMZ 1264) utilized only unsubstituted xylooligosaccharides. Furthermore, utilization of the hydrolysates by human gut microbiota was also assessed in a batch human fecal fermentation model. Results revealed that the rates of fermentation of the BSG hydrolysates by human gut microbiota were similar to that of commercial prebiotic fructooligosaccharides, while inulin was fermented at a slower rate. In summary, a sustainable process to valorize BSG to functional food ingredients has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursalin Sajib
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Peter Falck
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Roya R R Sardari
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Sindhu Mathew
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Sweden.
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You S, Chen CC, Tu T, Wang X, Ma R, Cai HY, Guo RT, Luo HY, Yao B. Insight into the functional roles of Glu175 in the hyperthermostable xylanase XYL10C-ΔN through structural analysis and site-saturation mutagenesis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:159. [PMID: 29930705 PMCID: PMC5992652 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the hydrolytic performance of hemicellulases to degrade lignocellulosic biomass is of considerable importance for second-generation biorefinery. Xylanase, as the crucial hemicellulase, must be thermostable and have high activity for its potential use in the bioethanol industry. To obtain excellent xylanase candidates, it is necessary to understand the structure-function relationships to provide a meaningful reference to improve the enzyme properties. This study aimed to investigate the catalytic mechanism of a highly active hyperthermophilic xylanase variant, XYL10C-ΔN, for hemicellulose degradation. RESULTS By removing the N-terminal 66 amino acids, the variant XYL10C-ΔN showed a 1.8-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency and could hydrolyze corn stover more efficiently in hydrolysis of corn stover; however, it retained similar thermostability to the wild-type XYL10C. Based on the crystal structures of XYL10C-ΔN and its complex with xylobiose, Glu175 located on loop 3 was found to be specific to GH10 xylanases and probably accounts for the excellent enzyme properties by interacting with Lys135 and Met137 on loop 2. Site-saturation mutagenesis confirmed that XYL10C-ΔN with glutamate acid at position 175 had the highest catalytic efficiency, specific activity, and the broadest pH-activity profile. The functional roles of Glu175 were also verified in the mutants of another two GH10 xylanases, XylE and XynE2, which showed increased catalytic efficiencies and wider pH-activity profiles. CONCLUSIONS XYL10C-ΔN, with excellent thermostability, high catalytic efficiency, and great lignocellulose-degrading capability, is a valuable candidate xylanase for the biofuel industry. The mechanism underlying improved activity of XYN10C-ΔN was thus investigated through structural analysis and functional verification, and Glu175 was identified to play the key role in the improved catalytic efficiency. This study revealed the importance of a key residue (Glu175) in XYN10C-ΔN and provides a reference to modify GH10 xylanases for improved catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai You
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chun-Chi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Tao Tu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hui-yi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory of Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308 China
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Hui-ying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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40
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Linares-Pastén JA, Aronsson A, Karlsson EN. Structural Considerations on the Use of Endo-Xylanases for the Production of prebiotic Xylooligosaccharides from Biomass. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 19:48-67. [PMID: 27670134 PMCID: PMC5738707 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160923155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have gained increased interest as prebiotics during the last years. XOS and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) can be produced from major fractions of biomass including agricultural by-products and other low cost raw materials. Endo-xylanases are key enzymes for the production of (A)XOS from xylan. As the xylan structure is broadly diverse due to different substitutions, diverse endo-xylanases have evolved for its degradation. In this review structural and functional aspects are discussed, focusing on the potential applications of endo-xylanases in the production of differently substituted (A)XOS as emerging prebiotics, as well as their implication in the processing of the raw materials. Endo-xylanases are found in at least eight different glycoside hydrolase families (GH), and can either have a retaining or an inverting catalytic mechanism. To date, it is mainly retaining endo-xylanases that are used in applications to produce (A)XOS. Enzymes from these GH-families (mainly GH10 and GH11, and the more recently investigated GH30) are taken as prototypes to discuss substrate preferences and main products obtained. Finally, the need of new and accessory enzymes (new specificities from new families or sources) to increase the yield of different types of (A)XOS is discussed, along with in vitro tests of produced oligosaccharides and production of enzymes in GRAS organisms to facilitate use in functional food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Aronsson
- Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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41
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Jiang Y, Liu J, Dong W, Zhang W, Fang Y, Ma J, Jiang M, Xin F. The Draft Genome Sequence of Thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum M5 Capable of Directly Producing Butanol from Hemicellulose. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:620-623. [PMID: 29279978 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel thermophilic and butanogenic Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum M5 was successfully isolated and characterized, which could produce butanol from hemicellulose via a unique ethanol-butanol (EB) pathway through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). This represents the first wild-type bacterium which could produce butanol from hemicellulose via CBP under thermophilic conditions. The assembled draft genome of strain M5 is 2.64 Mp, which contains 2638 genes and 2465 protein-coding sequences with 33.90% G + C content. Among these annotated proteins, xylanases, xylosidases, and bifunctional alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase (AdhE) play key roles in the achievement of EB production from hemicellulose through CBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Fadel A, Mahmoud AM, Ashworth JJ, Li W, Ng YL, Plunkett A. Health-related effects and improving extractability of cereal arabinoxylans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:819-831. [PMID: 29133103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major dietary fibers. They are composed of backbone chains of β-(1-4)-linked xylose residues to which α-l-arabinose are linked in the second and/or third carbon positions. Recently, AXs have attracted a great deal of attention because of their biological activities such as their immunomodulatory potential. Extraction of AXs has some difficulties; therefore, various methods have been used to increase the extractability of AXs with varying degrees of success, such as alkaline, enzymatic, mechanical extraction. However, some of these treatments have been reported to be either expensive, such as enzymatic treatments, or produce hazardous wastes and are non-environmentally friendly, such as alkaline treatments. On the other hand, mechanical assisted extraction, especially extrusion cooking, is an innovative pre-treatment that has been used to increase the solubility of AXs. The aim of the current review article is to point out the health-related effects and to discuss the current research on the extraction methods of AXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmannan Fadel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition at the Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jason J Ashworth
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- Institute of Food Science & Innovation, University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Lam Ng
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Plunkett
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Health Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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43
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The hydrolytic efficiency and synergistic action of recombinant xylan-degrading enzymes on xylan isolated from sugarcane bagasse. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Gatard S, Plantier-Royon R, Rémond C, Muzard M, Kowandy C, Bouquillon S. Preparation of new β-D-xyloside- and β-D-xylobioside-based ionic liquids through chemical and/or enzymatic reactions. Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:72-80. [PMID: 28968549 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several tetraalkylphosphonium and tetraalkylammonium salts containing xyloside- and xylobioside-based anionic moieties have been prepared. Two stereoselective routes have been developed: i) a chemical pathway in four steps from D-xylose, and ii) a chemoenzymatic pathway directly from biomass-derived xylans. These salts displayed interesting properties as ionic liquids. Their structures have been correlated to their thermal properties (melting, glass transition and decomposition temperatures).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gatard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - R Plantier-Royon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex, France
| | - C Rémond
- UMR FARE 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRA, 51686 Reims Cedex, France
| | - M Muzard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex, France
| | - C Kowandy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex, France
| | - S Bouquillon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex, France.
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45
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Identification of endoxylanase XynE from Clostridium thermocellum as the first xylanase of glycoside hydrolase family GH141. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11178. [PMID: 28894250 PMCID: PMC5593877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes that cleave polysaccharides in lignocellulose, i. e., cellulases, xylanases, and accessory enzymes, play crucial roles in the natural decomposition of plant-derived biomass and its efficient and sustainable processing into biofuels or other bulk chemicals. The analysis of open reading frame cthe_2195 from the thermophilic, cellulolytic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum (also known as ‘Ruminiclostridium thermocellum’) suggested that it encoded a cellulosomal protein comprising a dockerin-I module, a carbohydrate-binding module, and a module of previously unknown function. The biochemical characterisation upon recombinant expression in Escherichia coli revealed that the protein is a thermostable endoxylanase, named Xyn141E with an optimal pH of 6.0–6.5 and a temperature optimum of 67–75 °C. The substrate spectrum of Xyn141E resembles that of GH10 xylanases, because of its side activities on carboxymethyl cellulose, barley β-glucan, and mannan. Conversely, the product spectrum of Xyn141E acting on arabinoxylan is similar to those of GH11, as established by HPAEC-PAD analysis. Xyn141E is weakly related (20.7% amino acid sequence identity) to the founding member of the recently established GH family 141 and is the first xylanase in this new family of biomass-degrading enzymes.
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46
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Fernandez-Tendero E, Day A, Legros S, Habrant A, Hawkins S, Chabbert B. Changes in hemp secondary fiber production related to technical fiber variability revealed by light microscopy and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179794. [PMID: 28640922 PMCID: PMC5481002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasing due to the development of a new range of industrial applications based on bast fibers. However the variability of bast fiber yield and quality represents an important barrier to further exploitation. Primary and secondary fiber content was examined in two commercial hemp varieties (Fedora 17, Santhica 27) grown under contrasted sowing density and irrigation conditions. Both growing conditions and hemp varieties impact stem tissue architecture with a large effect on the proportion of secondary fibers but not primary fibers. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy allowed the discrimination of manually-isolated native primary fibers and secondary fibers but did not reveal any clustering according to growing conditions and variety. Infrared data were confirmed by wet chemistry analyses that revealed slight but significant differences between primary and secondary fiber cell wall composition. Infrared spectroscopy of technical fibers obtained after mechanical defibering revealed differences with native primary, but not secondary fibers and also discriminated samples obtained from plants grown under different conditions. Altogether the results suggested that the observed variability of hemp technical fibers could be partially explained by i) differences in secondary fiber production and ii) differential behavior during mechanical defibering resulting in unequal separation of primary and secondary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fernandez-Tendero
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- Fibres Recherche Développement, Troyes, France
| | - Arnaud Day
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- Fibres Recherche Développement, Troyes, France
| | | | - Anouck Habrant
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Simon Hawkins
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 – UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- FARE Laboratory, INRA, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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47
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Daas MJ, Martínez PM, van de Weijer AH, van der Oost J, de Vos WM, Kabel MA, van Kranenburg R. Biochemical characterization of the xylan hydrolysis profile of the extracellular endo-xylanase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans T12. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:44. [PMID: 28521816 PMCID: PMC5437666 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endo-xylanases are essential in degrading hemicellulose of various lignocellulosic substrates. Hemicellulose degradation by Geobacillus spp. is facilitated by the hemicellulose utilization (HUS) locus that is present in most strains belonging to this genus. As part of the HUS locus, the xynA gene encoding an extracellular endo-xylanase is one of the few secreted enzymes and considered to be the key enzyme to initiate hemicellulose degradation. Several Geobacillus endo-xylanases have been characterized for their optimum temperature, optimum pH and generation of degradation products. However, these analyses provide limited details on the mode of action of the enzymes towards various substrates resulting in a lack of understanding about their hydrolytic potential. RESULTS A HUS-locus associated gene (GtxynA1) from the thermophile Geobacillus thermodenitrificans T12 encodes an extracellular endo-xylanase that belongs to the family 10 glycoside hydrolases (GH10). The GtxynA1 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting endo-xylanase (termed GtXynA1) was purified to homogeneity and showed activity between 40 °C and 80 °C, with an optimum activity at 60 °C, while being active between pH 3.0 to 9.0 with an optimum at pH 6.0. Its thermal stability was high and GtXynA1 showed 85% residual activity after 1 h of incubation at 60 °C. Highest activity was towards wheat arabinoxylan (WAX), beechwood xylan (BeWX) and birchwood xylan (BiWX). GtXynA1 is able to degrade WAX and BeWX producing mainly xylobiose and xylotriose. To determine its mode of action, we compared the hydrolysis products generated by GtXynA1 with those from the well-characterized GH10 endo-xylanase produced from Aspergillus awamori (AaXynA). The main difference in the mode of action between GtXynA1 and AaXynA on WAX is that GtXynA1 is less hindered by arabinosyl substituents and can therefore release shorter oligosaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The G. thermodenitrificans T12 endo-xylanase, GtXynA1, shows temperature tolerance up to 80 °C and high activity to a variety of xylans. The mode of action of GtXynA1 reveals that arabinose substituents do not hamper substrate degradation by GtXynA1. The extensive hydrolysis of branched xylans makes this enzyme particularly suited for the conversion of a broad range of lignocellulosic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinus J.A. Daas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Murciano Martínez
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708 WG The Netherlands
| | | | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE The Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen, 6708 WG The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Kranenburg
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen, 6708 WE The Netherlands
- Corbion, Arkelsedijk 46, Gorinchem, 4206 AC The Netherlands
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48
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Wu H, Li H, Xue Y, Luo G, Gan L, Liu J, Mao L, Long M. High efficiency co-production of ferulic acid and xylooligosaccharides from wheat bran by recombinant xylanase and feruloyl esterase. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Sánchez-Bastardo N, Romero A, Alonso E. Extraction of arabinoxylans from wheat bran using hydrothermal processes assisted by heterogeneous catalysts. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 160:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Senf D, Ruprecht C, de Kruijff GHM, Simonetti SO, Schuhmacher F, Seeberger PH, Pfrengle F. Active Site Mapping of Xylan-Deconstructing Enzymes with Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides Produced by Automated Glycan Assembly. Chemistry 2017; 23:3197-3205. [PMID: 28092124 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Xylan-degrading enzymes are crucial for the deconstruction of hemicellulosic biomass, making the hydrolysis products available for various industrial applications such as the production of biofuel. To determine the substrate specificities of these enzymes, we prepared a collection of complex xylan oligosaccharides by automated glycan assembly. Seven differentially protected building blocks provided the basis for the modular assembly of 2-substituted, 3-substituted, and 2-/3-substituted arabino- and glucuronoxylan oligosaccharides. Elongation of the xylan backbone relied on iterative additions of C4-fluorenylmethoxylcarbonyl (Fmoc) protected xylose building blocks to a linker-functionalized resin. Arabinofuranose and glucuronic acid residues have been selectively attached to the backbone using fully orthogonal 2-(methyl)naphthyl (Nap) and 2-(azidomethyl)benzoyl (Azmb) protecting groups at the C2 and C3 hydroxyls of the xylose building blocks. The arabinoxylan oligosaccharides are excellent tools to map the active site of glycosyl hydrolases involved in xylan deconstruction. The substrate specificities of several xylanases and arabinofuranosidases were determined by analyzing the digestion products after incubation of the oligosaccharides with glycosyl hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Senf
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Goswinus H M de Kruijff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian O Simonetti
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Current address: Rosario Chemistry Institute (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR), Suipacha 570, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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