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Kugo Y, Nomura S, Isono T, Sato SI, Fujiwara M, Satoh T, Tani H, Erata T, Tajima K. Elucidating the structural changes of cellulose molecules and dynamics of Na ions during the crystal transition from cellulose I to II in low temperature and low concentration NaOH solution. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121907. [PMID: 38431393 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-concentration alkali treatments at low temperatures facilitate the crystal transition of cellulose I to II. However, the transition mechanism remains unclear. Hence, in this study, we traced the transition using in situ solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR, WAXS, and 23Na NMR relaxation measurements. In situ solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR and WAXS measurements revealed that soaking cellulose in NaOH at low temperatures disrupts the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and lowers the crystallinity of cellulose. The dynamics of Na ions (NaOH) play a crucial role in causing these phenomena. 23Na NMR relaxation measurements indicated that the Na-ion correlation time becomes longer during the crystal transition. This transition requires the penetration of Na ions (NaOH) into the cellulose crystal and a reduction in Na-ion mobility, which occurs at low temperatures or high NaOH concentrations. The interactions between cellulose and NaOH disrupt intramolecular hydrogen bonds, inducing a conformational change in the cellulose molecules into a more stable arrangement. This weakens the hydrophobic interactions of cellulose, and facilitates the penetration of NaOH and water into the crystal, leading to the formation of alkali cellulose. Our findings suggest that a strategy to control NaOH dynamics could lead to the discovery of a novel preparation method for cellulose II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kugo
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masashi Fujiwara
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan; ICReDD List-PF, Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Erata
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
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2
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Chakraborty I, Rongpipi S, Govindaraju I, B R, Mal SS, Gomez EW, Gomez ED, Kalita RD, Nath Y, Mazumder N. An insight into microscopy and analytical techniques for morphological, structural, chemical, and thermal characterization of cellulose. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1990-2015. [PMID: 35040538 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose obtained from plants is a bio-polysaccharide and the most abundant organic polymer on earth that has immense household and industrial applications. Hence, the characterization of cellulose is important for determining its appropriate applications. In this article, we review the characterization of cellulose morphology, surface topography using microscopic techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Other physicochemical characteristics like crystallinity, chemical composition, and thermal properties are studied using techniques including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. This review may contribute to the development of using cellulose as a low-cost raw material with anticipated physicochemical properties. HIGHLIGHTS: Morphology and surface topography of cellulose structure is characterized using microscopy techniques including optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Analytical techniques used for physicochemical characterization of cellulose include X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Indira Govindaraju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rakesh B
- Department of Life Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Sib Sankar Mal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575025, India
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Yuthika Nath
- Department of Serology, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Guwahati, India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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3
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French AD. Combining Computational Chemistry and Crystallography for a Better Understanding of the Structure of Cellulose. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:15-93. [PMID: 34872656 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The approaches in this article seek to enhance understanding of cellulose at the molecular level, independent of the source and the particular crystalline form of cellulose. Four main areas of structure research are reviewed. Initially, the molecular shape is inferred from the crystal structures of many small molecules that have β-(1→4) linkages. Then, conformational analyses with potential energy calculations of cellobiose are covered, followed by the use of Atoms-In-Molecules theory to learn about interactions in experimental and theoretical structures. The last section covers models of cellulose nanoparticles. Controversies addressed include the stability of twofold screw-axis conformations, the influence of different computational methods, the predictability of crystalline conformations by studies of isolated molecules, and the twisting of model cellulose crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred D French
- Southern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Wu Z, Beltran-Villegas DJ, Jayaraman A. Development of a New Coarse-Grained Model to Simulate Assembly of Cellulose Chains Due to Hydrogen Bonding. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4599-4614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Daniel J. Beltran-Villegas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy
St., Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Ishikawa T, Hayakawa D, Miyamoto H, Ozawa M, Ozawa T, Ueda K. Ab initio studies on the structure of and atomic interactions in cellulose IIII crystals. Carbohydr Res 2015; 417:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Tako M, Tamaki Y, Teruya T, Takeda Y. The Principles of Starch Gelatinization and Retrogradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.53035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Bazooyar F, Momany FA, Bolton K. Validating empirical force fields for molecular-level simulation of cellulose dissolution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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French AD. Combining computational chemistry and crystallography for a better understanding of the structure of cellulose. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:19-93. [PMID: 22794182 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Hayakawa D, Ueda K, Yamane C, Miyamoto H, Horii F. Molecular dynamics simulation of the dissolution process of a cellulose triacetate-II nano-sized crystal in DMSO. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2940-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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10
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Parthasarathi R, Bellesia G, Chundawat SPS, Dale BE, Langan P, Gnanakaran S. Insights into Hydrogen Bonding and Stacking Interactions in Cellulose. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14191-202. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203620x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. P. S. Chundawat
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - B. E. Dale
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - P. Langan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, United States
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11
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Hynninen AP, Matthews JF, Beckham GT, Crowley MF, Nimlos MR. Coarse-Grain Model for Glucose, Cellobiose, and Cellotetraose in Water. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:2137-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200092t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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12
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Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3941-94. [PMID: 21566801 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2493] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review provides a processing-structure-property perspective on recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites produced from them. It summarizes cellulose nanoparticles in terms of particle morphology, crystal structure, and properties. Also described are the self-assembly and rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions. The methodology of composite processing and resulting properties are fully covered, with an emphasis on neat and high fraction cellulose composites. Additionally, advances in predictive modeling from molecular dynamic simulations of crystalline cellulose to the continuum modeling of composites made with such particles are reviewed (392 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moon
- The Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA.
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13
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Meso-Scale Modeling of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Walls: An Application to Translation of CBMs on the Cellulose Surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2010-1052.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Yui T, Taki N, Sugiyama J, Hayashi S. Exhaustive crystal structure search and crystal modeling of β-chitin. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:336-44. [PMID: 17010423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An exhaustive search of the crystal structure of beta-chitin was carried out by simultaneously optimizing all the structural parameters based on published X-ray diffraction data and stereochemical criteria. The most probable structure was characterized by a parallel-up chain polarity, a gg orientation of hydroxymethyl groups and an intermolecular hydrogen bond along the a-axis, which essentially reproduced the original structure proposed by Gardner and Blackwell. The proposed crystal structure was subsequently subjected to crystal modeling using the AMBER force field. The probable orientation of hydroxyl groups and their motional behaviors is proposed based on calculations for the crystal models identified. Solvated crystal models exhibited a slightly deformed structure with the formation of appreciable numbers of hydrogen bonds along the b-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Yui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Nsihi 1-1, Gakuen-kibanadai, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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15
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Meroueh SO, Bencze KZ, Hesek D, Lee M, Fisher JF, Stemmler TL, Mobashery S. Three-dimensional structure of the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4404-9. [PMID: 16537437 PMCID: PMC1450184 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510182103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D structure of the bacterial peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the cell wall, is one of the most important, yet still unsolved, structural problems in biochemistry. The peptidoglycan comprises alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic disaccharide (NAM) saccharides, the latter of which has a peptide stem. Adjacent peptide stems are cross-linked by the transpeptidase enzymes of cell wall biosynthesis to provide the cell wall polymer with the structural integrity required by the bacterium. The cell wall and its biosynthetic enzymes are targets of antibiotics. The 3D structure of the cell wall has been elusive because of its complexity and the lack of pure samples. Herein we report the 3D solution structure as determined by NMR of the 2-kDa NAG-NAM(pentapeptide)-NAG-NAM(pentapeptide) synthetic fragment of the cell wall. The glycan backbone of this peptidoglycan forms a right-handed helix with a periodicity of three for the NAG-NAM repeat (per turn of the helix). The first two amino acids of the pentapeptide adopt a limited number of conformations. Based on this structure a model for the bacterial cell wall is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy O. Meroueh
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670; and
| | - Krisztina Z. Bencze
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Dusan Hesek
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670; and
| | - Mijoon Lee
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670; and
| | - Jed F. Fisher
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670; and
| | - Timothy L. Stemmler
- Department of Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- *Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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