1
|
Wang D, Xu X, Zhao M, Wang X. Accelerated miniature swine models of advanced atherosclerosis: A review based on morphology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107241. [PMID: 32554057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accelerate development of atherosclerosis(AS) in miniature swine models, varieties of strategies and methods have been explored. In addition to traditional methods such as high cholesterol feeding and balloon injury, new methods such as familial hypercholesterolemia induced by gene editing and intramural injection have been applied in recent years. Although it has been claimed that these methods have successfully aggravated lesion areas and stenosis, lesion features induced by different strategies have shown heterogeneity in morphology. In addition, time consumption, high cost, and unavailability are problems that restrict application of these AS models. Here, we summarize strategies and methods to accelerate AS models and further analyze their values, advantages, and shortcomings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Cardiovascular Insititute, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cathepsin L expression in the carotid arteries of atherosclerotic swine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e264-e267. [PMID: 32373754 PMCID: PMC7197027 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.90153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Local intravascular delivery of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol corresponds with increased intimal thickening in a healthy porcine coronary model. A prelude to development of a model of atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2019; 15:81-90. [PMID: 31043989 PMCID: PMC6488843 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2019.83774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preclinical, vascular response studies are limited due to lack of underlying disease. The available cholesterol-diet-based and genetic atherosclerotic models are not satisfactory due to long breeding, unpredictable lesion formation, low plaque volume and degree of stenosis. Aim To evaluate the vascular response to local, intramural delivery of human, highly atherogenic lipids into healthy domestic swine (DS) coronary arteries. Material and methods A total of 24 coronary artery segments of 10 DS were enrolled. Following balloon injury (plain old balloon angioplasty – POBA), segments were assigned to local delivery of 2 ml of human LDL from apheresis (400 mg/dl, n = 9), 0.9% NaCl (control, n = 7) or to POBA alone. The solutions were infused with a modified, triple micro-needle catheter into the vessel wall. After 28 days, optical coherence tomography (OCT), virtual histology IVUS (VH-IVUS) and near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) were performed. Following euthanasia, vessel segments were harvested for pathological evaluation. Results At 28 days the % area stenosis in OCT was highest in the LDL group (23.6 ±13 vs. 10.8 ±7 vs. 8.1 ±7%; p = 0.02). The presence of necrotic core (LDL: 55.5%, control: 37.5% and POBA: 42.8%; p = 0.77) and dense calcium (LDL: 33.3%, control: 28.5%, POBA: 37.5%; p = 0.94) in VH-IVUS were comparable between groups. The lipid core burden index in NIRS was negative in all cases. In pathology, the injury was comparable between groups (LDL: 1.6 ±0.4, control: 1.7 ±0.8, POBA: 1.7; p = 0.8) and specimens showed no signs of necrotic or lipid core. The tissue consisted of smooth muscle cells (SMC)/proteoglycan-rich lesions and inflammatory cells. Conclusions Local delivery of saturated human LDL into the coronary artery wall was feasible and resulted in a higher degree of stenosis caused by intimal thickening. A discrepancy between histopathological findings and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) was also noted.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SG, Oh J, Bong SK, Kim JS, Park S, Kim S, Park S, Lee SH, Jang Y. Macrophage polarization and acceleration of atherosclerotic plaques in a swine model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193005. [PMID: 29561847 PMCID: PMC5862407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerosis is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease and is associated with a variety of inflammatory reactions. However, an adequate large-animal model of advanced plaques to investigate the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is lacking. Therefore, we developed and assessed a swine model of advanced atherosclerotic plaques with macrophage polarization. Methods Mini-pigs were fed a 2% high-cholesterol diet for 7 weeks followed by withdrawal periods of 4 weeks. Endothelial denudation was performed using a balloon catheter on 32 coronary and femoral arteries of 8 mini-pigs. Inflammatory proteins (high-mobility group box 1 [HMGB1] or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were injected via a micro-infusion catheter into the vessel wall. All lesions were assessed with angiography and optical coherence tomography and all tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. Results Intima/plaque area was significantly higher in the HMGB1- and TNF-α-injected groups compared to the saline-injected group (p = 0.002). CD68 antibody detection and polarization of M1 macrophages significantly increased in the inflammatory protein-injected groups (p<0.001). In addition, advanced atherosclerotic plaques were observed more in the inflammatory protein-injected groups compared with the control upon histologic evaluation. Conclusion Direct injection of inflammatory proteins was associated with acceleration of atherosclerotic plaque formation with M1 macrophage polarization. Therefore, direct delivery of inflammatory proteins may induce a pro-inflammatory response, providing a possible strategy for development of an advanced atherosclerotic large-animal model in a relatively short time period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gee Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyung Bong
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Seil Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JS, Lee SG, Oh J, Park S, Park SI, Hong SY, Kim S, Lee SH, Ko YG, Choi D, Hong MK, Jang Y. Development of Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque by Injection of Inflammatory Proteins in a Rabbit Iliac Artery Model. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1095-105. [PMID: 27401639 PMCID: PMC4960374 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appropriate animal models of atherosclerotic plaque are crucial to investigating the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vascular devices. We aimed to develop a novel animal model that would be suitable for the study of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atherosclerotic plaque was induced in 24 iliac arteries from 12 rabbits by combining a high cholesterol diet, endothelial denudation, and injection into the vessel wall with either saline (n=5), olive oil (n=6), or inflammatory proteins [n=13, high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) n=8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α n=5] using a Cricket™ Micro-infusion catheter. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to detect plaque characteristics after 4 weeks, and all tissues were harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS Advanced plaque was more frequently observed in the group injected with inflammatory proteins. Macrophage infiltration was present to a higher degree in the HMGB1 and TNF-α groups, compared to the oil or saline group (82.1±5.1% and 94.6±2.2% compared to 49.6±14.0% and 46.5±9.6%, p-value<0.001), using RAM11 antibody staining. On OCT, lipid rich plaques were more frequently detected in the inflammatory protein group [saline group: 2/5 (40%), oil group: 3/5 (50%), HMGB1 group: 6/8 (75%), and TNF-α group: 5/5 (100%)]. CONCLUSION These data indicate that this rabbit model of atherosclerotic lesion formation via direct injection of pro-inflammatory proteins into the vessel wall is useful for in vivo studies investigating atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Kim
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul Gee Lee
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Se Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yu Hong
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Guk Ko
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Ki Hong
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Fuchimoto D, Sudo M, Haruta H, Lin QF, Takayama T, Morita S, Nochi T, Suzuki S, Sembon S, Nakai M, Kojima M, Iwamoto M, Hashimoto M, Yoda S, Kunimoto S, Hiro T, Matsumoto T, Mitsumata M, Sugitani M, Saito S, Hirayama A, Onishi A. Development of Human-Like Advanced Coronary Plaques in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Pigs and Justification for Statin Treatment Before Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaques. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002779. [PMID: 27091180 PMCID: PMC4843535 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although clinical trials have proved that statin can be used prophylactically against cardiovascular events, the direct effects of statin on plaque development are not well understood. We generated low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) pigs to study the effects of early statin administration on development of atherosclerotic plaques, especially advanced plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS LDLR(-/-) pigs were generated by targeted deletion of exon 4 of the LDLR gene. Given a standard chow diet, LDLR(-/-) pigs showed atherosclerotic lesions starting at 6 months of age. When 3-month-old LDLR(-/-) pigs were fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat (HCHF) diet for 4 months (HCHF group), human-like advanced coronary plaques developed. We also fed 3-month-old LDLR(-/-) pigs an HCHF diet with pitavastatin for 4 months (Statin Prophylaxis Group). Although serum cholesterol concentrations did not differ significantly between the 2 groups, intravascular ultrasound revealed 52% reduced plaque volume in statin-treated pigs. Pathological examination revealed most lesions (87%) in the statin prophylaxis group were early-stage lesions, versus 45% in the HCHF diet group (P<0.01). Thin-cap fibroatheroma characterized 40% of the plaques in the HCHF diet group versus 8% in the statin prophylaxis group (P<0.01), intraplaque hemorrhage characterized 11% versus 1% (P<0.01), and calcification characterized 22% versus 1% (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Results of our large animal experiment support statin prophylaxis before the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Early statin treatment appears to retard development of coronary artery atherosclerosis and ensure lesion stability. In addition, the LDLR(-/-) pigs we developed represent a large animal model of human-like advanced coronary plaque suitable for translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Fuchimoto
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Sudo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Haruta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing-Fei Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadateru Takayama
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Morita
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunichi Suzuki
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sembon
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakai
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misaki Kojima
- Animal Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Shunichi Yoda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunimoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Mitsumata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirayama
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Transgenic Pig Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Department of Animal Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chiu SEG, Zhan JQ, Moody AR. Catheter-based intramural delivery of red blood cells in an animal model of atherosclerosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:735-40. [PMID: 25921456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This report demonstrates intramural red blood cell (RBC) delivery in an atherosclerotic rabbit aorta model and validates the ability of fluoroscopy and computed tomography to verify RBC deposition. A microinfusion catheter with a 35-gauge needle delivered RBCs mixed with iodinated contrast agent to the aorta wall. Six rabbits were sacrificed after injection to confirm RBC delivery. Iron deposition was examined in four additional rabbits 3-7 weeks after injection. Imaging demonstrated 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of RBC deposition (n = 25 injection attempts). Iron deposits were found in all intraplaque injection sites 3-7 weeks after injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E G Chiu
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5.
| | - James Q Zhan
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medical Imaging, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Alan R Moody
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Department of Medical Imaging, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhong ZX, Li B, Li CR, Zhang QF, Liu ZD, Zhang PF, Gu XF, Luo H, Li MJ, Luo HS, Ye GH, Wen FL. Role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:161-6. [PMID: 25424368 PMCID: PMC4321222 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the role of chemokines in promoting instability of
coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. Coronary
angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed in 60 stable angina
pectoris (SAP) patients and 60 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients. The
chemotactic activity of monocytes in the 2 groups of patients was examined in
Transwell chambers. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed
and secreted (RANTES), and fractalkine in serum were examined with ELISA kits, and
expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA was examined with real-time PCR. In
the SAP group, 92 plaques were detected with IVUS. In the UAP group, 96 plaques were
detected with IVUS. The plaques in the UAP group were mainly lipid 51.04% (49/96) and
the plaques in the SAP group were mainly fibrous 52.17% (48/92). Compared with the
SAP group, the plaque burden and vascular remodeling index in the UAP group were
significantly greater than in the SAP group (P<0.01). Chemotactic activity and the
number of mobile monocytes in the UAP group were significantly greater than in the
SAP group (P<0.01). Concentrations of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine in
the serum of the UAP group were significantly higher than in the serum of the SAP
group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA
was significantly higher than in the SAP group (P<0.05). MCP-1, RANTES, and
fractalkine probably promote instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z X Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C R Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q F Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z D Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X F Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Li
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H S Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G H Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - F L Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhongshan University, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|