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Xie J, Olsbye U. The Oxygenate-Mediated Conversion of CO x to Hydrocarbons─On the Role of Zeolites in Tandem Catalysis. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11775-11816. [PMID: 37769023 PMCID: PMC10603784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized chemical plants close to circular carbon sources will play an important role in shaping the postfossil society. This scenario calls for carbon technologies which valorize CO2 and CO with renewable H2 and utilize process intensification approaches. The single-reactor tandem reaction approach to convert COx to hydrocarbons via oxygenate intermediates offers clear benefits in terms of improved thermodynamics and energy efficiency. Simultaneously, challenges and complexity in terms of catalyst material and mechanism, reactor, and process gaps have to be addressed. While the separate processes, namely methanol synthesis and methanol to hydrocarbons, are commercialized and extensively discussed, this review focuses on the zeolite/zeotype function in the oxygenate-mediated conversion of COx to hydrocarbons. Use of shape-selective zeolite/zeotype catalysts enables the selective production of fuel components as well as key intermediates for the chemical industry, such as BTX, gasoline, light olefins, and C3+ alkanes. In contrast to the separate processes which use methanol as a platform, this review examines the potential of methanol, dimethyl ether, and ketene as possible oxygenate intermediates in separate chapters. We explore the connection between literature on the individual reactions for converting oxygenates and the tandem reaction, so as to identify transferable knowledge from the individual processes which could drive progress in the intensification of the tandem process. This encompasses a multiscale approach, from molecule (mechanism, oxygenate molecule), to catalyst, to reactor configuration, and finally to process level. Finally, we present our perspectives on related emerging technologies, outstanding challenges, and potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiu Xie
- SMN
Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 26, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Green
Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute
Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Sung WC, Jung HS, Bae JW, Kim JY, Lee DH. Hydrodynamic effects on the direct conversion of syngas to methyl acetate in a two-stage fixed-bed/fluidized-bed combined reactor. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Salomone F, Bonura G, Frusteri F, Castellino M, Fontana M, Chiodoni AM, Russo N, Pirone R, Bensaid S. Physico-Chemical Modifications Affecting the Activity and Stability of Cu-Based Hybrid Catalysts during the Direct Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide into Dimethyl-Ether. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7774. [PMID: 36363366 PMCID: PMC9657723 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direct hydrogenation of CO2 into dimethyl-ether (DME) has been studied in the presence of ferrierite-based CuZnZr hybrid catalysts. The samples were synthetized with three different techniques and two oxides/zeolite mass ratios. All the samples (calcined and spent) were properly characterized with different physico-chemical techniques for determining the textural and morphological nature of the catalytic surface. The experimental campaign was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 2.5 MPa and stoichiometric H2/CO2 molar ratio, by varying both the reaction temperature (200-300 °C) and the spatial velocity (6.7-20.0 NL∙gcat-1∙h-1). Activity tests evidenced a superior activity of catalysts at a higher oxides/zeolite weight ratio, with a maximum DME yield as high as 4.5% (58.9 mgDME∙gcat-1∙h-1) exhibited by the sample prepared by gel-oxalate coprecipitation. At lower oxide/zeolite mass ratios, the catalysts prepared by impregnation and coprecipitation exhibited comparable DME productivity, whereas the physically mixed sample showed a high activity in CO2 hydrogenation but a low selectivity toward methanol and DME, ascribed to a minor synergy between the metal-oxide sites and the acid sites of the zeolite. Durability tests highlighted a progressive loss in activity with time on stream, mainly associated to the detrimental modifications under the adopted experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Salomone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bonura
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano” (CNR-ITAE), Via Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Frusteri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano” (CNR-ITAE), Via Santa Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Fontana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Russo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pirone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Samir Bensaid
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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4
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Development of Power-to-X Catalytic Processes for CO2 Valorisation: From the Molecular Level to the Reactor Architecture. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, global climate change is likely the most compelling problem mankind is facing. In this scenario, decarbonisation of the chemical industry is one of the global challenges that the scientific community needs to address in the immediate future. Catalysis and catalytic processes are called to play a decisive role in the transition to a more sustainable and low-carbon future. This critical review analyses the unique advantages of structured reactors (isothermicity, a wide range of residence times availability, complex geometries) with the multifunctional design of efficient catalysts to synthesise chemicals using CO2 and renewable H2 in a Power-to-X (PTX) strategy. Fine-chemistry synthetic methods and advanced in situ/operando techniques are essential to elucidate the changes of the catalysts during the studied reaction, thus gathering fundamental information about the active species and reaction mechanisms. Such information becomes crucial to refine the catalyst’s formulation and boost the reaction’s performance. On the other hand, reactors architecture allows flow pattern and temperature control, the management of strong thermal effects and the incorporation of specifically designed materials as catalytically active phases are expected to significantly contribute to the advance in the valorisation of CO2 in the form of high added-value products. From a general perspective, this paper aims to update the state of the art in Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) and PTX concepts with emphasis on processes involving the transformation of CO2 into targeted fuels and platform chemicals, combining innovation from the point of view of both structured reactor design and multifunctional catalysts development.
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5
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Koybasi HH, Avci AK. Numerical Analysis of CO 2-to-DME Conversion in a Membrane Microchannel Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hasan Koybasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet K. Avci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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6
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Kumar KDPL, Naidu BN, Saini H, Ghosh K, Prasad VVDN, Mondal P. Insights of precursor phase transition of (Cu-Zn-Al)/γ-Al2O3 hybrid catalyst for one step dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Banivaheb S, Pitter S, Delgado KH, Rubin M, Sauer J, Dittmeyer R. Recent Progress in Direct DME Synthesis and Potential of Bifunctional Catalysts. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Banivaheb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Rubin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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8
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Guo X, Liu F, Hua Y, Xue H, Yu J, Mao D, Rempel GL, Ng FT. One-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from biomass-derived syngas on CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 hybrid catalyst: Combination method, synergistic effect, water-gas shift reaction and catalytic performance. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Wild S, Lacerda de Oliveira Campos B, Zevaco TA, Guse D, Kind M, Pitter S, Herrera Delgado K, Sauer J. Experimental investigations and model-based optimization of CZZ/H-FER 20 bed compositions for the direct synthesis of DME from CO2-rich syngas. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic investigations and model-based optimization of CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 : H-FER 20 catalytic systems for direct DME synthesis from CO2-rich syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wild
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bruno Lacerda de Oliveira Campos
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Zevaco
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David Guse
- TVT – Institute of Thermal Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Kind
- TVT – Institute of Thermal Process Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Pitter
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- IKFT – Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Millán Ordóñez E, Mota N, Guil-López R, Garcia Pawelec B, Fierro JLG, Navarro Yerga RM. Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether on Bifunctional Catalysts Based on Cu–ZnO(Al) and Supported H 3PW 12O 40: Effect of Physical Mixing on Bifunctional Interactions and Activity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Millán Ordóñez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- PhD Programme in Applied Chemistry, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Mota
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rut Guil-López
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Barbara Garcia Pawelec
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José Luis García Fierro
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Rufino M. Navarro Yerga
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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11
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Jung HS, Zafar F, Wang X, Nguyen TX, Hong CH, Hur YG, Choung JW, Park MJ, Bae JW. Morphology Effects of Ferrierite on Bifunctional Cu–ZnO–Al 2O 3/Ferrierite for Direct Syngas Conversion to Dimethyl Ether. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Jung
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Faisal Zafar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xuan Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwan Hong
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gul Hur
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choung
- Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, 37 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang 16082, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-June Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Bae
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Malik AS, Zaman SF, Al-Zahrani AA, Daous MA. Turning CO2 into di-methyl ether (DME) using Pd based catalysts – Role of Ca in tuning the activity and selectivity. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Koybasi HH, Hatipoglu C, Avci AK. Sustainable DME synthesis from CO2–rich syngas in a membrane assisted reactor–microchannel heat exchanger system. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Fan X, Jin B, Ren S, Li S, Yu M, Liang X. Roles of interaction between components in
CZZA
/
HZSM
‐5 catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis via
CO
2
hydrogenation. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Baitang Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Shoujie Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA
| | - Shiguang Li
- Gas Technology Institute Des Plaines Illinois USA
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA
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15
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Pérez-Miqueo I, Sanz O, Montes M. Highly Conductive Structured Catalytic Reactors for One-Step Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:6676-6686. [PMID: 35308821 PMCID: PMC8924795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several structured catalytic reactors for the direct synthesis of the DME reaction are compared with regard to catalyst hold-up, thermal conductivity, and volumetric productivity. Adherent and homogeneous catalyst layers were obtained by washcoating independent of the substrates' shape and alloy. Moreover, the substrate nature (FeCrAl, brass, or aluminum) and shape (parallel cell monoliths and open foams) do not modify in great extent the CO conversion values and selectivity to the different compounds. This is reasonable since the catalytic phases are the same in all cases and the existence of mass and heat-transfer limitations was negligible in the experimental conditions studied. Structuring by washcoating exhibits less catalyst inventory per reactor volume than a packed-bed monolith. However, completely packing a monolith with powder catalyst produced a decrease in the CO conversion of around 25% with respect to the coated monolith. Moreover, by means of using the obtained highest catalyst hold-up by washcoating (0.33 gcat/cm3) in a brass monolith and by increasing the reaction temperature, the temperature profiles are only slightly affected. This allows to work in an almost isothermal reactor with a volumetric productivity up to 0.20 LDME/h·cm3 at 573 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Pérez-Miqueo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Oihane Sanz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Mario Montes
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
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Highly active CuZn/SBA-15 catalyst for methanol dehydrogenation to methyl formate: Influence of ZnO promoter. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Rodriguez-Vega P, Ateka A, Kumakiri I, Vicente H, Ereña J, Aguayo AT, Bilbao J. Experimental implementation of a catalytic membrane reactor for the direct synthesis of DME from H2+CO/CO2. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from CO2: Recent Advances in Bifunctional/Hybrid Catalytic Systems. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl ether (DME) is a versatile raw material and an interesting alternative fuel that can be produced by the catalytic direct hydrogenation of CO2. Recently, this process has attracted the attention of the industry due to the environmental benefits of CO2 elimination from the atmosphere and its lower operating costs with respect to the classical, two-step synthesis of DME from syngas (CO + H2). However, due to kinetics and thermodynamic limits, the direct use of CO2 as raw material for DME production requires the development of more effective catalysts. In this context, the objective of this review is to present the latest progress achieved in the synthesis of bifunctional/hybrid catalytic systems for the CO2-to-DME process. For catalyst design, this process is challenging because it should combine metal and acid functionalities in the same catalyst, in a correct ratio and with controlled interaction. The metal catalyst is needed for the activation and transformation of the stable CO2 molecules into methanol, whereas the acid catalyst is needed to dehydrate the methanol into DME. Recent developments in the catalyst design have been discussed and analyzed in this review, presenting the different strategies employed for the preparation of novel bifunctional catalysts (physical/mechanical mixing) and hybrid catalysts (co-precipitation, impregnation, etc.) with improved efficiency toward DME formation. Finally, an outline of future prospects for the research and development of efficient bi-functional/hybrid catalytic systems will be presented.
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Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas on Bifunctional Hybrid Catalysts Based on Supported H3PW12O40 and Cu-ZnO(Al): Effect of Heteropolyacid Loading on Hybrid Structure and Catalytic Activity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of bifunctional hybrid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40, HPW) supported on TiO2 combined with Cu-ZnO(Al) catalyst in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas has been investigated. We studied the effect of the HPW loading on TiO2 (from 1.4 to 2.7 monolayers) on the dispersion and acid characteristics of the HPW clusters. When the concentration of the heteropoliacid is slightly higher than the monolayer (1.4 monolayers) the acidity of the clusters is perturbed by the surface of titania, while for concentration higher than 1.7 monolayers results in the formation of three-dimensional HPW nanocrystals with acidity similar to the bulk heteropolyacid. Physical hybridization of supported heteropolyacids with the Cu-ZnO(Al) catalyst modifies both the acid characteristics of the supported heteropolyacids and the copper surface area of the Cu-ZnO(Al) catalyst. Hybridization gives rise to a decrease in the copper surface area and the disappearance of the strong acidic sites typical of HPW nanocrystals, showing all hybrids similar acid sites of weak or medium strength. The activity of the hybrids was tested for direct DME synthesis from syngas at 30 bar and 250 °C; only the hybrids with HPW loading higher than 1.4 monolayers showed activity for the direct synthesis of DME, showing that the sample loaded with 2.7 monolayers of heteropolyacid had higher activity than the reference hybrid representative of the most widely applied catalysts based on the combination of Cu-ZnO(Al) with HZSM-5. In spite of the high activity of the hybrids, they show a moderate loss in the DME production with TOS that denotes some kind of deactivation of the acidity function under reaction conditions.
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Li F, Ao M, Hung Pham G, Jin Y, Hoang Nguyen M, Majd Alawi N, Tade MO, Liu S. A novel UiO-66 encapsulated 12-silicotungstic acid catalyst for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Guffanti S, Visconti CG, Groppi G. Model Analysis of the Effects of Active Phase Distribution at the Pellet Scale in Catalytic Reactors for the Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Guffanti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Giorgio Visconti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Groppi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy
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22
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Shi L, Duan B, Zhu Z, Sun C, Zhou J, Walsh A. Preparing copper catalyst by ultrasound-assisted chemical precipitation method. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:105013. [PMID: 32101787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, preparing copper catalyst by ultrasound-assisted chemical precipitation method is investigated. The used equipment is JP-020 ultrasonic cleaner, power and frequency are 180 W and 40 kHz respectively. Under the action of ultrasound, CuSO4·5H2O is reduced by ascorbic acid to obtain copper. The products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and catalytic performance test. The results show that the morphology of copper products is rod-like and irregular granular. Copper catalyst has good catalytic oxidation performance for dyes methylene blue, crystal violet, alizarin red and Rhodamine B. The catalytic efficiency of 10 mg catalyst copper to 6 mg/L methylene blue reaches 98.1%, and the catalytic efficiency of the catalyst increases with the increase of catalyst dosage and the decrease of dye solution concentration. In addition, the new preparation techniques for Cu-based catalysts based on coprecipitation method are compared. Finally, the development trend of the new technology of copper-based catalyst preparation based on coprecipitation method is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Baorong Duan
- Research Center for Leather and Protein of College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Beijing Gongzitong Technology Co. LTD, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Chufeng Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Taikang Healthcare Investment Holdings Limited, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Annika Walsh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02135, USA
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Bonura G, Cannilla C, Frusteri L, Catizzone E, Todaro S, Migliori M, Giordano G, Frusteri F. Interaction effects between CuO-ZnO-ZrO2 methanol phase and zeolite surface affecting stability of hybrid systems during one-step CO2 hydrogenation to DME. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Assessment of metal sintering in the copper-zeolite hybrid catalyst for direct dimethyl ether synthesis using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and diffraction. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Structured catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas: A comparison of core@shell versus hybrid catalyst configuration. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Guo Y, Zhao Z. Ethanol as a Binder to Fabricate a Highly‐Efficient Capsule‐Structured CuO−ZnO−Al
2
O
3
@HZSM‐5 Catalyst for Direct Production of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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27
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Direct dimethyl ether synthesis over mesoporous Cu–Al2O3 catalyst via CO hydrogenation. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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29
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Kipnis MA, Belostotskii IA, Volnina EA, Lin GI, Marshev II. Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas on the Catalysts with the ZSM-5 Zeolites. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158418060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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In Situ FT-IR Characterization of CuZnZr/Ferrierite Hybrid Catalysts for One-Pot CO₂-to-DME Conversion. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112275. [PMID: 30441800 PMCID: PMC6266444 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CO₂ hydrogenation to dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising strategy to drive the current chemical industry towards a low-carbon scenario since DME can be used as an eco-friendly fuel as well as a platform molecule for chemical production. A Cu‒ZnO‒ZrO₂/ferrierite (CZZ/FER) hybrid grain was recently proposed as a catalyst for CO₂-to-DME one-pot conversion exhibiting high DME productivity thanks to the unique shape-selectivity offered by ferrierite zeolite. Nevertheless, such a catalyst deactivates but no direct evidence has been reported of activity loss over time. In this work, CZZ/FER catalysts with different acidity levels were characterized with the FTIR technique before and after reactions, aiming to give new insights about catalyst deactivation. Results show that activity loss can be related to both (i) copper particle sintering, which decreases CO₂ activation towards methanol, and (ii) acidity loss due to H⁺/Cu2+ ion exchange.
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31
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Catizzone E, Bonura G, Migliori M, Frusteri F, Giordano G. CO₂ Recycling to Dimethyl Ether: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives. Molecules 2017; 23:E31. [PMID: 29295541 PMCID: PMC5943932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reports recent achievements in dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis via CO₂ hydrogenation. This gas-phase process could be considered as a promising alternative for carbon dioxide recycling toward a (bio)fuel as DME. In this view, the production of DME from catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ appears as a technology able to face also the ever-increasing demand for alternative, environmentally-friendly fuels and energy carriers. Basic considerations on thermodynamic aspects controlling DME production from CO₂ are presented along with a survey of the most innovative catalytic systems developed in this field. During the last years, special attention has been paid to the role of zeolite-based catalysts, either in the methanol-to-DME dehydration step or in the one-pot CO₂-to-DME hydrogenation. Overall, the productivity of DME was shown to be dependent on several catalyst features, related not only to the metal-oxide phase-responsible for CO₂ activation/hydrogenation-but also to specific properties of the zeolites (i.e., topology, porosity, specific surface area, acidity, interaction with active metals, distributions of metal particles, …) influencing activity and stability of hybridized bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts. All these aspects are discussed in details, summarizing recent achievements in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Catizzone
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bonura
- CNR-ITAE "Nicola Giordano", Via S. Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy.
| | - Massimo Migliori
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Francesco Frusteri
- CNR-ITAE "Nicola Giordano", Via S. Lucia Sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Giordano
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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Baier S, Damsgaard CD, Klumpp M, Reinhardt J, Sheppard T, Balogh Z, Kasama T, Benzi F, Wagner JB, Schwieger W, Schroer CG, Grunwaldt JD. Stability of a Bifunctional Cu-Based Core@Zeolite Shell Catalyst for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Under Redox Conditions Studied by Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy and In Situ X-Ray Ptychography. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:501-512. [PMID: 28376946 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When using bifunctional core@shell catalysts, the stability of both the shell and core-shell interface is crucial for catalytic applications. In the present study, we elucidate the stability of a CuO/ZnO/Al2O3@ZSM-5 core@shell material, used for one-stage synthesis of dimethyl ether from synthesis gas. The catalyst stability was studied in a hierarchical manner by complementary environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ hard X-ray ptychography with a specially designed in situ cell. Both reductive activation and reoxidation were applied. The core-shell interface was found to be stable during reducing and oxidizing treatment at 250°C as observed by ETEM and in situ X-ray ptychography, although strong changes occurred in the core on a 10 nm scale due to the reduction of copper oxide to metallic copper particles. At 350°C, in situ X-ray ptychography indicated the occurrence of structural changes also on the µm scale, i.e. the core material and parts of the shell undergo restructuring. Nevertheless, the crucial core-shell interface required for full bifunctionality appeared to remain stable. This study demonstrates the potential of these correlative in situ microscopy techniques for hierarchically designed catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Baier
- 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany
| | - Christian D Damsgaard
- 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark
| | - Michael Klumpp
- 4Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),91058 Erlangen,Germany
| | - Juliane Reinhardt
- 5Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,Notkestr. 85,22607 Hamburg,Germany
| | - Thomas Sheppard
- 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany
| | - Zoltan Balogh
- 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark
| | - Takeshi Kasama
- 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark
| | - Federico Benzi
- 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- 2Center for Electron Nanoscopy,Technical University of Denmark,2800 Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark
| | - Wilhelm Schwieger
- 4Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),91058 Erlangen,Germany
| | | | - Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt
- 1Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,76131 Karlsruhe,Germany
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33
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Venvik HJ, Yang J. Catalysis in microstructured reactors: Short review on small-scale syngas production and further conversion into methanol, DME and Fischer-Tropsch products. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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Bonura G, Cannilla C, Frusteri L, Mezzapica A, Frusteri F. DME production by CO2 hydrogenation: Key factors affecting the behaviour of CuZnZr/ferrierite catalysts. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Dadgar F, Myrstad R, Pfeifer P, Holmen A, Venvik HJ. Catalyst Deactivation During One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Synthesis Gas. Catal Letters 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-017-1971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Bonura G, Frusteri F, Cannilla C, Drago Ferrante G, Aloise A, Catizzone E, Migliori M, Giordano G. Catalytic features of CuZnZr–zeolite hybrid systems for the direct CO2-to-DME hydrogenation reaction. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Dadgar F, Myrstad R, Pfeifer P, Holmen A, Venvik HJ. Direct dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas: The influence of methanol dehydration on methanol synthesis reaction. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Flores JH, da Silva MIP. Influence of the Preparation Method on Hybrid Catalysts CuO–ZnO–Al2O3 and H-Ferrierite for Syngas Transformation to Hydrocarbons via Methanol. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Water as a key factor providing an easy migration/redistribution of Cu2+ species in CuO/HZSM-5. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Gentzen M, Habicht W, Doronkin DE, Grunwaldt JD, Sauer J, Behrens S. Bifunctional hybrid catalysts derived from Cu/Zn-based nanoparticles for single-step dimethyl ether synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Model kit for bifunctional catalysts: colloidal Cu/Zn-based nanoparticles were synthesized and used as building blocks in syngas to dimethyl ether (STD) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gentzen
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
| | - W. Habicht
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
| | - D. E. Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - J.-D. Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - J. Sauer
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
| | - S. Behrens
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Germany
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41
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García-Trenco A, White ER, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. A one-step Cu/ZnO quasi-homogeneous catalyst for DME production from syn-gas. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Cu/ZnO nanoparticles combine with γ-Al2O3 to form promising hybrid catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) in liquid phase, showing high activity, selectivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. R. White
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
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42
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The role of the acidity of alumina prepared by aluminum-carbon black composite for CO hydrogenation to dimethyl ether on hybrid Cu–ZnO–Al2O3/alumina. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Bonura G, Cordaro M, Cannilla C, Mezzapica A, Spadaro L, Arena F, Frusteri F. Catalytic behaviour of a bifunctional system for the one step synthesis of DME by CO2 hydrogenation. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Migliori M, Aloise A, Giordano G. Methanol to dimethylether on H-MFI catalyst: The influence of the Si/Al ratio on kinetic parameters. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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The influence of zeolite surface-aluminum species on the deactivation of CuZnAl/zeolite hybrid catalysts for the direct DME synthesis. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Transformation of syngas to light hydrocarbons over bifunctional CuO–ZnO/SAPO-34 catalysts: the effect of preparation methods. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-014-0707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Montesano R, Chadwick D. Combined methanol and dimethyl ether synthesis from CO/H2: Phosphorus mediated deactivation. CATAL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Kubička D, Černý R. Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Waxes by Fluid Catalytic Cracking. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie201969s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kubička
- Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (VUAnCh), Department of Renewables and Environmental Technologies (UniCRE-RENTECH), Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvínov, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Černý
- Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (VUAnCh), Department of Efficient Refining Technologies (UniCRE-EFFRET), Záluží 1, 436 70 Litvínov, Czech Republic
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