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Effects of Surface Oxygen-Containing Groups of the Flowerlike Carbon Nanosheets on Palladium Dispersion, Catalytic Activity and Stability in Hydrogenolytic Debenzylation of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of the surface chemical properties of the carbon support on the Pd dispersion, activity and stability of Pd(OH)2/C catalyst for the hydrogenolytic debenzylation of tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TADB) was studied in detail. The flowerlike nanosheet carbon material (NSC) was chosen as the pristine support, meanwhile chemical oxidation with nitric acid and physical calcination at 600 °C treatments were used to modify its surface properties, which were denoted as NSCox-2 (treated with 20 wt% HNO3) and NSC-600, respectively. The three carbon supports and the corresponding catalysts of Pd/NSC, Pd/NSC-600, and Pd/NSCox-2 were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption isotherm measurement (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and element analysis. The debenzylation activities of Pd/NSC, Pd/NSC-600, and Pd/NSCox-2, as well as the three catalysts after pre-reduction treatment were also evaluated. It was found that the activity and stability of the Pd(OH)2/C catalysts in the debenzylation reaction highly depended on the content of surface oxygen-containing groups of the carbon support.
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Chalmpes N, Bourlinos AB, Talande S, Bakandritsos A, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 11:E1. [PMID: 33374901 PMCID: PMC7821927 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Smita Talande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
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Janus R, Wądrzyk M, Lewandowski M, Natkański P, Łątka P, Kuśtrowski P. Understanding porous structure of SBA-15 upon pseudomorphic transformation into MCM-41: Non-direct investigation by carbon replication. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Effect of Carbon Additives on the Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12/C Anodes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13153941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Li4Ti5O12/C composites were prepared by a hydrothermal method with in situ carbon addition. The influence of the morphology and content of various carbon materials (conductive carbon black, mesoporous carbon G_157M, and carbon replicas) on the electrochemical performance of the Li4Ti5O12/C composites was investigated. The obtained composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microsopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 sorption-desorption isotherms. Morphology of the Li4Ti5O12/C composites depends on the carbon matrix used, while both morphology and the amount of carbon material have a great impact on the rate capability and cycling stability of the obtained composites. At low current densities, the Li4Ti5O12/C composite with 5 wt.% G_157M exhibits the highest discharge capacity, while at high charge-discharge rates, the Li4Ti5O12/carbon black composites show the best electrochemical performance. Thus, at ~0.1C, 5C, and 18C rates, the discharge capacities of the obtained Li4Ti5O12/C composites are 175, 120, and 70 mAh/g for G_157M, 165, 126, and 78 mAh/g for carbon replicas, and 173, 128, and 93 mAh/g for carbon black. After 100 cycles, their capacity retention is no less than 95%, suggesting their promising application perspective.
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Lu C, Zhang X, Qi Y, Ji H, Zhu Q, Wang H, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Li X. Surface-Group-Oriented, Condensation Cyclization-Driven, Nitrogen-Doping Strategy for the Preparation of a Nitrogen-Species-Tunable, Carbon-Material-Supported Pd Catalyst. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:87-96. [PMID: 30693172 PMCID: PMC6345223 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitrogen-carbon framework with the thickness of several molecules was fabricated through a straightforward nitrogen-doping strategy, in which specially designed surface-oxygen-containing groups (SOGs) first introduced onto the porous carbon support were used to guide the generation of a surface-nitrogen-containing structure through condensation reactions between SOGs and the amidogen group of organic amines under hydrothermal conditions. The results indicate that different kinds of SOGs generate different types and abundances of N species. The CO-releasing groups are apt to form a high proportion of amino groups, whereas the CO2-releasing groups, especially carboxyl and lactones, are mainly transformed into pyrrolic-type nitrogen. In the framework with dominant pyrrolic-type nitrogen, an electron-rich Pd activated site composed of Pd, pyrrolic-type N and C is built, in which electron transfer occurs from N to C and Pd atoms. This activated site contributes to the formation of electron-rich activated hydrogen and desorption of p-chloroaniline, which work together to achieve the superior selectivity about 99.90 % of p-chloroaniline and the excellent reusable performance. This strategy not only provides low-cost, nitrogen-doped carbon materials, but also develops a new method for the fabrication of different kinds of nitrogen species structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshan Lu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Yani Qi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Haoke Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Yebin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Zhenlong Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou310014China
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Liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural under mild conditions over Pd/C catalysts of various acidity. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-018-1494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lener G, Garcia-Blanco A, Furlong O, Nazzarro M, Sapag K, Barraco D, Leiva E. A silica/carbon composite as anode for lithium-ion batteries with a large rate capability: Experiment and theoretical considerations. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Andreoli S, Benito P, Solmi MV, Fornasari G, Villa A, Wu B, Albonetti S. Insights into the Synthesis and Surface Functionalization of Mesoporous Carbon for Catalytic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andreoli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136, Bologna Italy
| | - Patricia Benito
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136, Bologna Italy
| | - Matilde V. Solmi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136, Bologna Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fornasari
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136, Bologna Italy
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dipartimento Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Material Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Stefania Albonetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136, Bologna Italy
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Zhao Z, Ge G, Li W, Guo X, Wang G. Modulating the microstructure and surface chemistry of carbocatalysts for oxidative and direct dehydrogenation: A review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)61065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guo P, Tang L, Tang J, Zeng G, Huang B, Dong H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Deng Y, Ma L, Tan S. Catalytic reduction–adsorption for removal of p-nitrophenol and its conversion p-aminophenol from water by gold nanoparticles supported on oxidized mesoporous carbon. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 469:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu J, Li N, Goodman MD, Zhang HG, Epstein ES, Huang B, Pan Z, Kim J, Choi JH, Huang X, Liu J, Hsia KJ, Dillon SJ, Braun PV. Mechanically and chemically robust sandwich-structured C@Si@C nanotube array Li-ion battery anodes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1985-1994. [PMID: 25639798 DOI: 10.1021/nn507003z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stability and high energy densities are essential qualities for emerging battery electrodes. Because of its high specific capacity, silicon has been considered a promising anode candidate. However, the several-fold volume changes during lithiation and delithiation leads to fractures and continuous formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Here, we present a carbon-silicon-carbon (C@Si@C) nanotube sandwich structure that addresses the mechanical and chemical stability issues commonly associated with Si anodes. The C@Si@C nanotube array exhibits a capacity of ∼2200 mAh g(-1) (∼750 mAh cm(-3)), which significantly exceeds that of a commercial graphite anode, and a nearly constant Coulombic efficiency of ∼98% over 60 cycles. In addition, the C@Si@C nanotube array gives much better capacity and structure stability compared to the Si nanotubes without carbon coatings, the ZnO@C@Si@C nanorods, a Si thin film on Ni foam, and C@Si and Si@C nanotubes. In situ SEM during cycling shows that the tubes expand both inward and outward upon lithiation, as well as elongate, and then revert back to their initial size and shape after delithiation, suggesting stability during volume changes. The mechanical modeling indicates the overall plastic strain in a nanotube is much less than in a nanorod, which may significantly reduce low-cycle fatigue. The sandwich-structured nanotube design is quite general, and may serve as a guide for many emerging anode and cathode systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, §Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, ⊥Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Zhao Z, Dai Y, Ge G, Guo X, Wang G. Increased active sites and their accessibility of a N-doped carbon nanotube carbocatalyst with remarkably enhanced catalytic performance in direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08754f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a facile, low-cost, but efficient strategy for synthesizing HN-CNTs with enlarged active sites and their accessibility to reactants for the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yitao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Guifang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Guiru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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