1
|
Panáček D, Zdražil L, Langer M, Šedajová V, Baďura Z, Zoppellaro G, Yang Q, Nguyen EP, Álvarez-Diduk R, Hrubý V, Kolařík J, Chalmpes N, Bourlinos AB, Zbořil R, Merkoçi A, Bakandritsos A, Otyepka M. Graphene Nanobeacons with High-Affinity Pockets for Combined, Selective, and Effective Decontamination and Reagentless Detection of Heavy Metals. Small 2022; 18:e2201003. [PMID: 35775954 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Access to clean water for drinking, sanitation, and irrigation is a major sustainable development goal of the United Nations. Thus, technologies for cleaning water and quality-monitoring must become widely accessible and of low-cost, while being effective, selective, sustainable, and eco-friendly. To meet this challenge, hetero-bifunctional nanographene fluorescent beacons with high-affinity pockets for heavy metals are developed, offering top-rated and selective adsorption for cadmium and lead, reaching 870 and 450 mg g-1 , respectively. The heterobifunctional and multidentate pockets also operate as selective gates for fluorescence signal regulation with sub-nanomolar sensitivity (0.1 and 0.2 nm for Pb2+ and Cd2+ , respectively), due to binding affinities as low as those of antigen-antibody interactions. Importantly, the acid-proof nanographenes can be fully regenerated and reused. Their broad visible-light absorption offers an additional mode for water-quality monitoring based on ultra-low cost and user-friendly reagentless paper detection with the naked-eye at a limit of detection of 1 and 10 ppb for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively. This work shows that photoactive nanomaterials, densely-functionalized with strong, yet selective ligands for targeted contaminants, can successfully combine features such as excellent adsorption, reusability, and sensing capabilities, in a way to extend the material's applicability, its life-cycle, and value-for-money.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Panáček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Lukáš Zdražil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Langer
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šedajová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Baďura
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Georgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Emily P Nguyen
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Vítězslav Hrubý
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kolařík
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | | | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chalmpes N, Patila M, Kouloumpis A, Alatzoglou C, Spyrou K, Subrati M, Polydera AC, Bourlinos AB, Stamatis H, Gournis D. Graphene Oxide-Cytochrome c Multilayered Structures for Biocatalytic Applications: Decrypting the Role of Surfactant in Langmuir-Schaefer Layer Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:26204-26215. [PMID: 35608556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional single-layer carbon allotrope, has attracted tremendous scientific interest due to its outstanding physicochemical properties. Its monatomic thickness, high specific surface area, and chemical stability render it an ideal building block for the development of well-ordered layered nanostructures with tailored properties. Herein, biohybrid graphene-based layer-by-layer structures are prepared by means of conventional and surfactant-assisted Langmuir-Schaefer layer deposition techniques, whereby cytochrome c molecules are accommodated within ordered layers of graphene oxide. The biocatalytic activity of the as-developed nanobio-architectures toward the enzymatic oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and decolorization of pinacyanol chloride is tested. The results show that the multilayer structures exhibit high biocatalytic activity and stability in the absence of surfactant molecules during the deposition of the monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michaela Patila
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Alatzoglou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mohammed Subrati
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki C Polydera
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Havrdová M, Urbančič I, Tománková KB, Malina L, Poláková K, Štrancar J, Bourlinos AB. Intracellular Trafficking of Cationic Carbon Dots in Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and HeLa—Time Lapse Microscopy, Concentration-Dependent Uptake, Viability, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031077. [PMID: 35162996 PMCID: PMC8835431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are potential tools for the labeling of cells with many advantages such as photostability, multicolor emission, small size, rapid uptake, biocompatibility, and easy preparation. Affinity towards organelles can be influenced by the surface properties of CDs which affect the interaction with the cell and cytoplasmic distribution. Organelle targeting by carbon dots is promising for anticancer treatment; thus, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of cationic CDs was investigated. Based on our previous study, we used quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) for treatment and monitoring the behavior of two human cancer cell MCF-7 and HeLa lines. We found similarities between human cancer cells and mouse fibroblasts in the case of QCDs uptake. Time lapse microscopy of QCDs-labeled MCF-7 cells showed that cells are dying during the first two hours, faster at lower doses than at higher ones. QCDs at a concentration of 100 µg/mL entered into the nucleus before cellular death; however, at a dose of 200 µg/mL, blebbing of the cellular membrane occurred, with a subsequent penetration of QCDs into the nuclear area. In the case of HeLa cells, the dose-depended effect did not happen; however, the labeled cells were also dying in mitosis and genotoxicity occurred nearly at all doses. Moreover, contrasted intracellular compartments, probably mitochondria, were obvious after 24 h incubation with 100 µg/mL of QCDs. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly increased after 24 h, depending on the concentration, thus the genotoxicity was likely evoked by the nanomaterial. A decrease in viability did not reach IC 50 as the DNA damage was probably partly repaired in the prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the defects in the G2/M phase may have allowed a damaged cell to enter mitosis and undergo apoptosis. The anticancer effect in both cell lines was manifested mainly through genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Havrdová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585634384
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Kateřina Poláková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Havrdová M, Urbančič I, Bartoň Tománková K, Malina L, Štrancar J, Bourlinos AB. Self-Targeting of Carbon Dots into the Cell Nucleus: Diverse Mechanisms of Toxicity in NIH/3T3 and L929 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115608. [PMID: 34070594 PMCID: PMC8198156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the nanomaterials intracellular trafficking and distribution and investigate their targeting into the nuclear area in the living cells. In our previous study, we firstly observed penetration of nonmodified positively charged carbon dots decorated with quaternary ammonium groups (QCDs) into the nucleus of mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Thus, in this work, we focused on deeper study of QCDs distribution inside two healthy mouse NIH/3T3 and L929 cell lines by fluorescence microspectroscopy and performed a comprehensive cytotoxic and DNA damage measurements. Real-time penetration of QCDs across the plasma cell membrane was recorded, concentration dependent uptake was determined and endocytic pathways were characterized. We found out that the QCDs concentration of 200 µg/mL is close to saturation and subsequently, NIH/3T3 had a different cell cycle profile, however, no significant changes in viability (not even in the case with QCDs in the nuclei) and DNA damage. In the case of L929, the presence of QCDs in the nucleus evoked a cellular death. Intranuclear environment of NIH/3T3 cells affected fluorescent properties of QCDs and evoked fluorescence blue shifts. Studying the intracellular interactions with CDs is essential for development of future applications such as DNA sensing, because CDs as DNA probes have not yet been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Havrdová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-58-563-4384
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, “Jozef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translation Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translation Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.B.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, “Jozef Stefan” Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.U.); (J.Š.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asimakopoulos G, Baikousi M, Salmas C, Bourlinos AB, Zboril R, Karakassides MA. Advanced Cr(VI) sorption properties of activated carbon produced via pyrolysis of the "Posidonia oceanica" seagrass. J Hazard Mater 2021; 405:124274. [PMID: 33131936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research deals with the removal of Cr(VI), one of the most toxic heavy metal in biological systems, from wastewater by using activated carbon produced via pyrolysis and chemical activation of "Posidonia oceanica". That is the most important and well-studied seagrass species of the Mediterranean Sea. The as produced activated carbon exhibited high specific surface area up to 1563 m2/g and a cumulative pore volume of 0.74 cm3/g, allocated to 74% micro-pores and 26% to meso-macro- pores. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) into Posidonia oceanica activated carbon was studied via batch experiments considering the contact time, the initial concentration and the pH parameters. The results were interpreted using four different adsorption kinetic models. The activated carbon material seems to exhibit excellent sorption properties with rapid removal capability for Cr(VI). The estimated maximum uptake capacity at equilibrium stage was ~120 mg/g. Also, the initial adsorption rate ri was dependent on the initial Cr(VI) concentration in aqueous solution and it was from 77 mg/(g*h) to 264 mg/(g*h). The best fitted kinetic model seems to be the Diffusion-Chemisorption model with the rate constant KDC of the Cr(VI) ions transfer from liquid to solid particles extend from 52 to 78 mg/(g*h0.5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Asimakopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maria Baikousi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Salmas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michael A Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giousis T, Potsi G, Kouloumpis A, Spyrou K, Georgantas Y, Chalmpes N, Dimos K, Antoniou M, Papavassiliou G, Bourlinos AB, Kim HJ, Wadi VKS, Alhassan S, Ahmadi M, Kooi BJ, Blake G, Balazs DM, Loi MA, Gournis D, Rudolf P. Synthesis of 2D Germanane (GeH): a New, Fast, and Facile Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodosis Giousis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
| | - Yiannis Georgantas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- current address: Department of Materials National Graphene Institute Henry Royce Institute University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
- current address: Department of Materials Science University of Patras GR-26504 Patras Greece
| | | | - Georgios Papavassiliou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology NCSR “DEMOKRITOS” 15310 Ag. Paraskevi-Attikis Athens Greece
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group Korea Basic Science Institute Yuseong-gu Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Shankarayya Wadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology The Petroleum Institute PO Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Graeme Blake
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. Balazs
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chalmpes N, Bourlinos AB, Talande S, Bakandritsos A, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Nanocarbon from Rocket Fuel Waste: The Case of Furfuryl Alcohol-Fuming Nitric Acid Hypergolic Pair. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 11:E1. [PMID: 33374901 PMCID: PMC7821927 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In hypergolics two substances ignite spontaneously upon contact without external aid. Although the concept mostly applies to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been recognized from our group as a radically new methodology towards carbon materials synthesis. Comparatively to other preparative methods, hypergolics allows the rapid and spontaneous formation of carbon at ambient conditions in an exothermic manner (e.g., the method releases both carbon and energy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure). In an effort to further build upon the idea of hypergolic synthesis, herein we exploit a classic liquid rocket bipropellant composed of furfuryl alcohol and fuming nitric acid to prepare carbon nanosheets by simply mixing the two reagents at ambient conditions. Furfuryl alcohol served as the carbon source while fuming nitric acid as a strong oxidizer. On ignition the temperature is raised high enough to induce carbonization in a sort of in-situ pyrolytic process. Simultaneously, the released energy was directly converted into useful work, such as heating a liquid to boiling or placing Crookes radiometer into motion. Apart from its value as a new synthesis approach in materials science, carbon from rocket fuel additionally provides a practical way in processing rocket fuel waste or disposed rocket fuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Smita Talande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giousis T, Potsi G, Kouloumpis A, Spyrou K, Georgantas Y, Chalmpes N, Dimos K, Antoniou MK, Papavassiliou G, Bourlinos AB, Kim HJ, Wadi VKS, Alhassan S, Ahmadi M, Kooi BJ, Blake G, Balazs DM, Loi MA, Gournis D, Rudolf P. Synthesis of 2D Germanane (GeH): a New, Fast, and Facile Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:360-365. [PMID: 32866319 PMCID: PMC7821264 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Germanane (GeH), a germanium analogue of graphane, has recently attracted considerable interest because its remarkable combination of properties makes it an extremely suitable candidate to be used as 2D material for field effect devices, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. Up to now, the synthesis of GeH has been conducted by substituting Ca by H in a β-CaGe2 layered Zintl phase through topochemical deintercalation in aqueous HCl. This reaction is generally slow and takes place over 6 to 14 days. The new and facile protocol presented here allows to synthesize GeH at room temperature in a significantly shorter time (a few minutes), which renders this method highly attractive for technological applications. The GeH produced with this method is highly pure and has a band gap (Eg ) close to 1.4 eV, a lower value than that reported for germanane synthesized using HCl, which is promising for incorporation of GeH in solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodosis Giousis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yiannis Georgantas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,current address: Department of Materials, National Graphene Institute, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,current address: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Papavassiliou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "DEMOKRITOS", 15310 Ag. Paraskevi-Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hae Jin Kim
- Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar Shankarayya Wadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, The Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, The Petroleum Institute, PO Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graeme Blake
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M Balazs
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Papadakis I, Stathis A, Bourlinos AB, Couris S. Diethylamino‐fluorographene: A 2D material with broadband and efficient optical limiting performance (from 500 to 1800 nm) with very large nonlinear optical response. Nano Select 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papadakis
- Department of Physics University of Patras Patras 26504 Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE‐HT) Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH) P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Aristeidis Stathis
- Department of Physics University of Patras Patras 26504 Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE‐HT) Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH) P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| | | | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics University of Patras Patras 26504 Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE‐HT) Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH) P.O. Box 1414 Patras 26504 Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chalmpes N, Tantis I, Bakandritsos A, Bourlinos AB, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Rapid Carbon Formation from Spontaneous Reaction of Ferrocene and Liquid Bromine at Ambient Conditions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10081564. [PMID: 32784885 PMCID: PMC7466611 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present an interesting route to carbon derived from ferrocene without pyrolysis. Specifically, the direct contact of the metallocene with liquid bromine at ambient conditions released rapidly and spontaneously carbon soot, the latter containing dense spheres, nanosheets, and hollow spheres. The derived carbon carried surface C-Br bonds that permitted postfunctionalization of the solid through nucleophilic substitution. For instance, treatment with diglycolamine led to covalent attachment of the amine onto the carbon surface, thus conferring aqueous dispersability to t he solid. The dispersed solid exhibited visible photoluminescence under UV irradiation as a result of surface passivation by the amine. Hence, the present method not only allowed a rapid and spontaneous carbon formation at ambient conditions, but also surface engineering of the particles to impart new properties (e.g., photoluminescence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Iosif Tantis
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chalmpes N, Spyrou K, Vasilopoulos KC, Bourlinos AB, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Gioti C, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092207. [PMID: 32397274 PMCID: PMC7249011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have highlighted the importance of hypergolic reactions in carbon materials synthesis. In an effort to expand this topic with additional new paradigms, herein we present novel preparations of carbon nanomaterials, such-like carbon nanosheets and fullerols (hydroxylated fullerenes), through spontaneous ignition of coffee-sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and C60-Na2O2 hypergolic mixtures, respectively. In these cases, coffee and fullerenes played the role of the combustible fuel, whereas sodium peroxide the role of the strong oxidizer (e.g., source of highly concentrated H2O2). The involved reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured, thus allowing rapid product formation at ambient conditions. In addition, we provide tips on how to exploit the released energy of such highly exothermic reactions in the generation of useful work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (C.G.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-26510-07141 (D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chalmpes N, Asimakopoulos G, Spyrou K, Vasilopoulos KC, Bourlinos AB, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Functional Carbon Materials Derived through Hypergolic Reactions at Ambient Conditions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10030566. [PMID: 32245030 PMCID: PMC7153381 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon formation from organic precursors is an energy-consuming process that often requires the heating of a precursor in an oven at elevated temperature. In this paper, we present a conceptually different synthesis pathway for functional carbon materials based on hypergolic mixtures, i.e., mixtures that spontaneously ignite at ambient conditions once its ingredients contact each other. The reactions involved in such mixtures are highly exothermic, giving-off sizeable amounts of energy; hence, no any external heat source is required for carbonization, thus making the whole process more energy-liberating than energy-consuming. The hypergolic mixtures described here contain a combustible organic solid, such as nitrile rubber or a hydrazide derivative, and fuming nitric acid (100% HNO3) as a strong oxidizer. In the case of the nitrile rubber, carbon nanosheets are obtained, whereas in the case of the hydrazide derivative, photoluminescent carbon dots are formed. We also demonstrate that the energy released from these hypergolic reactions can serve as a heat source for the thermal conversion of certain triazine-based precursors into graphitic carbon nitride. Finally, certain aspects of the derived functional carbons in waste removal are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Georgios Asimakopoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-265-100-7141 (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (G.A.); (K.S.); (K.C.V.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +30-265-100-7141 (D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chalmpes N, Spyrou K, Bourlinos AB, Moschovas D, Avgeropoulos A, Karakassides MA, Gournis D. Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Graphite from Spontaneous Ignition of In Situ Derived Acetylene and Chlorine at Ambient Conditions. Molecules 2020; 25:E297. [PMID: 31940837 PMCID: PMC7024288 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploited a classic chemistry demonstration experiment based on the reaction of acetylene with chlorine to obtain highly crystalline graphite at ambient conditions. Acetylene and chlorine were generated in-situ by the addition of calcium carbide (CaC2) in a concentrated HCl solution, followed by the quick addition of domestic bleach (NaClO). The released gases reacted spontaneously, giving bursts of yellow flame, leaving highly crystalline graphite deposits in the aqueous phase. This was a rather benign alternative towards synthetic graphite, the latter usually being prepared at high temperatures. The synthetic graphite was further utilized to obtain graphene or conductive inks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | | | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (N.C.); (K.S.); (D.M.); (A.A.); (M.A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stathis A, Papadakis I, Karampitsos N, Couris S, Potsi G, Bourlinos AB, Otyepka M, Zboril R. Thiophenol-Modified Fluorographene Derivatives for Nonlinear Optical Applications. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1288-1298. [PMID: 31944032 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two thiophenol-modified fluorographene derivatives, namely methoxythiophenol-and dimethylaminothiophenol-modified fluorographenes, are reported, while their third-order nonlinear optical response were thoroughly investigated under both visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) with 35 ps and 4 ns laser pulses. The graphene derivatives were obtained by partial nucleophilic substitution/reduction of fluorographene by the corresponding organic thiophenols, and were fully characterized by techniques including infrared/Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission microscopy. This type of modification resulted in graphenic structures where the attached thiol groups, sp2 domains, and the residual fluorine groups act as donors, π bridges, and acceptors, respectively. Both derivatives exhibited large nonlinear optical response compared to fluorographene, and have potential applications in optical limiting as an alternative to fullerenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Stathis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Karampitsos
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Georgia Potsi
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kouloumpis A, Thomou E, Chalmpes N, Dimos K, Spyrou K, Bourlinos AB, Koutselas I, Gournis D, Rudolf P. Graphene/Carbon Dot Hybrid Thin Films Prepared by a Modified Langmuir-Schaefer Method. ACS Omega 2017; 2:2090-2099. [PMID: 31457563 PMCID: PMC6641009 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The special electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of graphene resulting from its 2D nature, as well as the ease of functionalizing it through a simple acid treatment, make graphene an ideal building block for the development of new hybrid nanostructures with well-defined dimensions and behavior. Such hybrids have great potential as active materials in applications such as gas storage, gas/liquid separation, photocatalysis, bioimaging, optoelectronics, and nanosensing. In this study, luminescent carbon dots (C-dots) were sandwiched between oxidized graphene sheets to form novel hybrid multilayer films. Our thin-film preparation approach combines self-assembly with the Langmuir-Schaefer deposition and uses graphene oxide nanosheets as template for grafting C-dots in a bidimensional array. Repeating the cycle results in a facile and low-cost layer-by-layer procedure for the formation of highly ordered hybrid multilayers, which were characterized by photoluminescence, UV-visible, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Thomou
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Chalmpes
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimos
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Koutselas
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering and Physics Department, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bakandritsos A, Pykal M, Błoński P, Jakubec P, Chronopoulos DD, Poláková K, Georgakilas V, Čépe K, Tomanec O, Ranc V, Bourlinos AB, Zbořil R, Otyepka M. Cyanographene and Graphene Acid: Emerging Derivatives Enabling High-Yield and Selective Functionalization of Graphene. ACS Nano 2017; 11:2982-2991. [PMID: 28208019 PMCID: PMC5371925 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective methods for covalent derivatization of graphene are needed because they enable tuning of graphene's surface and electronic properties, thus expanding its application potential. However, existing approaches based mainly on chemistry of graphene and graphene oxide achieve only limited level of functionalization due to chemical inertness of the surface and nonselective simultaneous attachment of different functional groups, respectively. Here we present a conceptually different route based on synthesis of cyanographene via the controllable substitution and defluorination of fluorographene. The highly conductive and hydrophilic cyanographene allows exploiting the complex chemistry of -CN groups toward a broad scale of graphene derivatives with very high functionalization degree. The consequent hydrolysis of cyanographene results in graphene acid, a 2D carboxylic acid with pKa of 5.2, showing excellent biocompatibility, conductivity and dispersibility in water and 3D supramolecular assemblies after drying. Further, the carboxyl groups enable simple, tailored and widely accessible 2D chemistry onto graphene, as demonstrated via the covalent conjugation with a diamine, an aminothiol and an aminoalcohol. The developed methodology represents the most controllable, universal and easy to use approach toward a broad set of 2D materials through consequent chemistries on cyanographene and on the prepared carboxy-, amino-, sulphydryl-, and hydroxy- graphenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Demetrios D. Chronopoulos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Poláková
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Klára Čépe
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Tomanec
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Physics
Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 455 00, Greece
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- E-mail:
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional
Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tuček J, Holá K, Bourlinos AB, Błoński P, Bakandritsos A, Ugolotti J, Dubecký M, Karlický F, Ranc V, Čépe K, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Room temperature organic magnets derived from sp 3 functionalized graphene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14525. [PMID: 28216636 PMCID: PMC5321725 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials based on metallic elements that have d orbitals and exhibit room temperature magnetism have been known for centuries and applied in a huge range of technologies. Development of room temperature carbon magnets containing exclusively sp orbitals is viewed as great challenge in chemistry, physics, spintronics and materials science. Here we describe a series of room temperature organic magnets prepared by a simple and controllable route based on the substitution of fluorine atoms in fluorographene with hydroxyl groups. Depending on the chemical composition (an F/OH ratio) and sp3 coverage, these new graphene derivatives show room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, which has never been observed for any sp-based materials. Such 2D magnets undergo a transition to a ferromagnetic state at low temperatures, showing an extraordinarily high magnetic moment. The developed theoretical model addresses the origin of the room temperature magnetism in terms of sp2-conjugated diradical motifs embedded in an sp3 matrix and superexchange interactions via –OH functionalization. Developing room-temperature magnets from materials containing only sp orbitals has remained an elusive but important goal. Here, Zbořil and co-workers report hydroxofluorographenes that exhibit room-temperature antiferromagnetic ordering and low-temperature ferromagnetic behaviour with high magnetic moments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.,Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Dubecký
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Čépe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Georgiou Y, Mouzourakis E, Bourlinos AB, Zboril R, Karakassides MA, Douvalis AP, Bakas T, Deligiannakis Y. Surface decoration of amine-rich carbon nitride with iron nanoparticles for arsenite (As(III)) uptake: The evolution of the Fe-phases under ambient conditions. J Hazard Mater 2016; 312:243-253. [PMID: 27037479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel hybrid material (gC3N4-rFe) consisting of amine-rich graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4), decorated with reduced iron nanoparticles (rFe) is presented. XRD and TEM show that gC3N4-rFe bears aggregation-free Fe-nanoparticles (10nm) uniformly dispersed over the gC3N4 surface. In contrast, non-supported iron nanoparticles are strongly aggregated, with non-uniform size distribution (20-100nm). (57)Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy, dual-mode electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetization measurements, allow a detailed mapping of the evolution of the Fe-phases after exposure to ambient O2. The as-prepared gC3N4-rFe bears Fe(2+) and Fe° phases, however only after long exposure to ambient O2, a Fe-oxide layer is formed around the Fe° core. In this [Fe°/Fe-oxide] core-shell configuration, the gC3N4-rFe hybrid shows enhanced As(III) uptake capacity of 76.5mgg(-1), i.e., ca 90% higher than the unmodified carbonaceous support, and 300% higher than the non-supported Fe-nanoparticles. gC3N4-rFe is a superior As(III) sorbent i.e., compared to its single counterparts or vs. graphite/graphite oxide or activated carbon analogues (11-36mgg(-1)). The present results demonstrate that the gC3N4 matrix is not simply a net that holds the particles, but rather an active component that determines particle formation dynamics and ultimately their redox profile, size and surface dispersion homogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Georgiou
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - E Mouzourakis
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - A B Bourlinos
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic.
| | - R Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Palacky University in Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic.
| | - M A Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - A P Douvalis
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Th Bakas
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Y Deligiannakis
- Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Georgakilas V, Tiwari JN, Kemp KC, Perman JA, Bourlinos AB, Kim KS, Zboril R. Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene and Graphene Oxide for Energy Materials, Biosensing, Catalytic, and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5464-519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1608] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra N. Tiwari
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - K. Christian Kemp
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jason A. Perman
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Datta KKR, Kozák O, Ranc V, Havrdová M, Bourlinos AB, Safářová K, Holá K, Tománková K, Zoppellaro G, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Quaternized carbon dot-modified graphene oxide for selective cell labelling--controlled nucleus and cytoplasm imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10782-5. [PMID: 24983507 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) and anionic graphene oxide sheets (GO) are combined via non-covalent interactions following a self-assembly pathway to form highly biocompatible and fluorescent hybrid materials. These hybrids act as selective probes with controlled labelling of the cell nucleus or cytoplasm depending on the QCD loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K R Datta
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Urbanová V, Holá K, Bourlinos AB, Čépe K, Ambrosi A, Loo AH, Pumera M, Karlický F, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Thiofluorographene-hydrophilic graphene derivative with semiconducting and genosensing properties. Adv Mater 2015; 27:2305-10. [PMID: 25692678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the first example of covalent chemistry on fluorographene, enabling the attachment of -SH groups through nucleophilic substitution of fluorine in a polar solvent. The resulting thiographene-like, 2D derivative is hydrophilic with semiconducting properties and bandgap between 1 and 2 eV depending on F/SH ratio. Thiofluorographene is applied in DNA biosensing by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Aloukos P, Papagiannouli I, Bourlinos AB, Zboril R, Couris S. Third-order nonlinear optical response and optical limiting of colloidal carbon dots. Opt Express 2014; 22:12013-12027. [PMID: 24921321 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the nonlinear optical response of some organophilic and hydrophilic carbon dots derived from gallate precursors is studied under 4 ns and 35 ps, visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) laser excitation conditions by the Z-scan technique. The prepared carbon dots were found to exhibit considerable nonlinear optical response in the visible, the organophilic ones exhibiting stronger response in the infrared and, in general, significantly larger response than their hydrophilic counterparts. In all cases, the corresponding nonlinear optical parameters have been determined. In particular, it was found that both carbon dots exhibited important negative nonlinear refractivity, under all excitation conditions tried, corresponding to self-defocusing, while negligible nonlinear absorption was found in the ps regime. Oppositely, both types of carbon dots were found to exhibit sizeable nonlinear absorption under ns excitation, indicating their potential for optical limiting applications. The present results are discussed and compared with other results concerning similar carbon based nanostructures reported in the literature.
Collapse
|
24
|
Daikopoulos C, Bourlinos AB, Georgiou Y, Deligiannakis Y, Zboril R, Karakassides MA. A functionalized phosphonate-rich organosilica layered hybrid material (PSLM) fabricated through a mild process for heavy metal uptake. J Hazard Mater 2014; 270:118-126. [PMID: 24565929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A phosphonate-rich organosilica layered hybrid material (PSLM) made of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)propyl methylphosphonate, monosodium salt, as the single silica source, has been obtained from its aqueous solution through a xerogel process and mild thermal aging. The method is simple, affording bulk quantities of powdered PSLM in a single-step. The hybrid is stable in water and possesses a high content of phosphonate groups fixed on the solid matrix. In addition, PSLM shows good thermal stability, which exceeds 300°C in air. The material was characterized using SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR and TGA techniques. Potentiometric titrations show that PSLM bears high-surface density of phosphonate groups (3 mmol g(-1)). As a result, the material displays high metal uptake capacity for heavy metal ions such as Cu(2+) (2.72mmolg(-1)), Pb(2+) (1.67 mmol g(-1)) and Cd(2+) (1.00 mmol g(-1)) at neutral pH values e.g. the pH of natural waters. Detailed theoretical modeling using a Surface Complexation Model combined with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy shows that the surface distribution of surface bound Cu(2+) ions is rather homogeneous e.g. copper-binding phosphonate sites are arranged in average distances 5-8Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Daikopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR "Demokritos", Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece
| | - Yiannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, Agrinio 30100, Greece
| | - Yiannis Deligiannakis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, Agrinio 30100, Greece.
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Palacky University, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Michael A Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Papagiannouli I, Bourlinos AB, Bakandritsos A, Couris S. Nonlinear optical properties of colloidal carbon nanoparticles: nanodiamonds and carbon dots. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) and carbon-dots (CDs) suspensions exhibit significant NLO response under both ps and ns laser excitation. NDs exhibit important optical limiting action under nanosecond visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) laser excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Papagiannouli
- Department of Physics
- University of Patras
- Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
| | | | | | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics
- University of Patras
- Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
In the present work, we report on the investigation of the third-order nonlinear optical response of graphene fluoride dispersed in DMF and also of fluorosurfactant-stabilized graphene fluoride dispersed in water under visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm), picosecond and nanosecond laser excitation. Both graphene derivatives were found to exhibit large nonlinear optical response, while significant differences on their nonlinear optical response have been observed (e.g. different sign of nonlinear refraction and absorption). These findings highlight the important role of the degree of fluorination of the graphene sheets on their optical and electronic properties. Furthermore, DMF dispersed graphene fluoride was found to exhibit important broadband optical limiting action under nanosecond laser excitation, making it promising candidate for optical limiting applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Georgakilas V, Otyepka M, Bourlinos AB, Chandra V, Kim N, Kemp KC, Hobza P, Zboril R, Kim KS. Functionalization of graphene: covalent and non-covalent approaches, derivatives and applications. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6156-214. [PMID: 23009634 DOI: 10.1021/cr3000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1809] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
28
|
Markova Z, Bourlinos AB, Safarova K, Polakova K, Tucek J, Medrik I, Siskova K, Petr J, Krysmann M, Giannelis EP, Zboril R. Synthesis and properties of core–shell fluorescent hybrids with distinct morphologies based on carbon dots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33414c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
29
|
Bourlinos AB, Bakandritsos A, Kouloumpis A, Gournis D, Krysmann M, Giannelis EP, Polakova K, Safarova K, Hola K, Zboril R. Gd(iii)-doped carbon dots as a dual fluorescent-MRI probe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm35592b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
30
|
Zbořil R, Karlický F, Bourlinos AB, Steriotis TA, Stubos AK, Georgakilas V, Šafářová K, Jančík D, Trapalis C, Otyepka M. Graphene fluoride: a stable stoichiometric graphene derivative and its chemical conversion to graphene. Small 2010; 6:2885-91. [PMID: 21104801 PMCID: PMC3020323 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stoichoimetric graphene fluoride monolayers are obtained in a single step by the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite fluoride with sulfolane. Comparative quantum-mechanical calculations reveal that graphene fluoride is the most thermodynamically stable of five studied hypothetical graphene derivatives; graphane, graphene fluoride, bromide, chloride, and iodide. The graphene fluoride is transformed into graphene via graphene iodide, a spontaneously decomposing intermediate. The calculated bandgaps of graphene halides vary from zero for graphene bromide to 3.1 eV for graphene fluoride. It is possible to design the electronic properties of such two-dimensional crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Zbořil
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece E-mail:
| | - Theodore A Steriotis
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Stubos
- Institute of Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, Environmental Research Laboratory, NCSR “Demokritos” Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece
| | - Vasilios Georgakilas
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece E-mail:
| | - Klára Šafářová
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Dalibor Jančík
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece E-mail:
| | - Christos Trapalis
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi AttikisAthens 15310, Greece E-mail:
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tr. 17. listopadu 12, Olomouc 77146Czech Republic E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
We report for the first time an ionic fluid based on hydroxylated fullerenes (fullerols). The ionic fluid was synthesized by neutralizing the fully protonated fullerol with an amine terminated polyethylene/polypropylene oxide oligomer (Jeffamine). The ionic fluid was compared to a control synthesized by mixing the partially protonated form (sodium form) of the fullerols with the same oligomeric amine in the same ratio as in the ionic fluids (20 wt% fullerol). In the fullerol fluid the ionic bonding significantly perturbs the thermal transitions and melting/crystallization behavior of the amine. In contrast, both the normalized heat of fusion and crystallization of the amine in the control are similar to those of the neat amine consistent with a physical mixture of the fullerols/amine with minimal interactions. In addition to differences in thermal behavior, the fullerol ionic fluid exhibits a complex viscoelastic behavior intermediate between the neat Jeffamine (liquid-like) and the control (solid-like).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Fernandes
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodriguez R, Herrera R, Bourlinos AB, Li R, Amassian A, Archer LA, Giannelis EP. The synthesis and properties of nanoscale ionic materials. Appl Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Graphene sheets derived from dispersion of graphite in pyridine were functionalised by the 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide. The organically modified graphene sheets are easily dispersible in polar organic solvents and water, and they are extensively characterised using several spectroscopic and microscopy techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Georgakilas
- Institute of Material Science, N.C.S.R Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dallas P, Bourlinos AB, Komninou P, Karakassides M, Niarchos D. Silver nanoparticles and graphitic carbon through thermal decomposition of a silver/acetylenedicarboxylic salt. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009; 4:1358-1364. [PMID: 20628449 PMCID: PMC2893439 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spherically shaped silver nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix were synthesized by thermal decomposition of a Ag(I)/acetylenedicarboxylic acid salt. The silver nanoparticles, which are formed either by pyrolysis at 300 degrees C in an autoclave or thermolysis in xylene suspension at reflux temperature, are acting catalytically for the formation of graphite layers. Both reactions proceed through in situ reduction of the silver cations and polymerization of the central acetylene triple bonds and the exact temperature of the reaction can be monitored through DTA analysis. Interestingly, the thermal decomposition of this silver salt in xylene partly leads to a minor fraction of quasicrystalline silver, as established by HR-TEM analysis. The graphitic layers covering the silver nanoparticles are clearly seen in HR-TEM images and, furthermore, established by the presence of sp(2) carbon at the Raman spectrum of both samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Dallas
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Philomela Komninou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Karakassides
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Niarchos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 15310, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR "Demokritos" Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bourlinos AB, Georgakilas V, Zboril R, Jancik D, Karakassides MA, Stassinopoulos A, Anglos D, Giannelis EP. Reaction of graphite fluoride with NaOH–KOH eutectic. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dallas P, Bourlinos AB, Petridis D, Boukos N, Papadokostaki K, Niarchos D, Guskos N. Synthesis and characterization of 2-D and 3-D covalent networks derived from triazine central cores and bridging aromatic diamines. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Tzitzios VK, Bakandritsos A, Georgakilas V, Basina G, Boukos N, Bourlinos AB, Niarchos D, Petridis D. Large-scale synthesis, size control, and anisotropic growth of gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: organosols and hydrosols. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2007; 7:2753-7. [PMID: 17685293 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Monodispersed, spherical gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with controllable size in large-scale were prepared by thermolytic decomposition of FeCl3.6H2O in aliphatic amines. The nanoparticles gave very stable colloidal solution in organic solvents and can be easily converted to water-soluble by a very simple route. Their characterisation was based on TEM microscopy, XRD, Mössbauer, and magnetic measurements. Furthermore, a small amount of Pt can lead to the formation of anisotropic gamma-Fe2O3 nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V K Tzitzios
- Institute Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Noginova N, Chen F, Weaver T, Giannelis EP, Bourlinos AB, Atsarkin VA. Magnetic resonance in nanoparticles: between ferro- and paramagnetism. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:246208. [PMID: 21694052 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/24/246208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles of γ-Fe(2)O(3) coated with organic molecules and suspended in liquid and solid matrices, as well as non-diluted magnetic fluid, have been studied by electron magnetic resonance (EMR) at 77-380 K. Slightly asymmetric spectra observed at room temperature become much broader and symmetric, and shift to lower fields upon cooling. An additional narrow spectral component (with a line-width of 30 G) is found in diluted samples; its magnitude obeys the Arrhenius law with an activation temperature of about 850 K. The longitudinal spin-relaxation time, T(1)≈10 ns, is determined by a specially developed modulation method. The angular dependence of the EMR signal position in field-freezing samples points to substantial alignment, suggesting the formation of dipolar-coupled aggregates. The shift and broadening of the spectrum upon cooling are assigned to the effect of the surface-related anisotropy. To describe the overall spectral shape, the 'quantization' model is used which includes summation of resonance transitions over the whole energy spectrum of a nanoparticle considered as a giant exchange cluster. This approach, supplemented with some phenomenological assumptions, provides satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Noginova
- Norfolk State University Center for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Noginova N, Weaver T, King M, Bourlinos AB, Giannelis EP, Atsarkin VA. NMR and spin relaxation in systems with magnetic nanoparticles. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:076210. [PMID: 22251597 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/7/076210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ¹H NMR spectra and spin dynamics of the host systems have been studied in liquid and solid suspensions of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. Significant broadening of ¹H NMR spectra and growing relaxation rates were observed with increased concentration of nanoparticles in the liquid systems, with the relation T₁/T₂ depending on the particular host. Solid systems demonstrate inhomogeneous broadening of the spectra and practically no dependence of T₁ upon the nanoparticle concentration. We explain the experimental results taking into account the predomination of self-diffusion as a source of the relaxation in liquid suspensions, and estimate effective parameters of relaxation in the systems under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Noginova
- Norfolk State University, Centers for Materials Research, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bourlinos AB, Dallas P, Sanakis Y, Stamopoulos D, Trapalis C, Niarchos D. Synthesis and characterization of a π-conjugate, covalent layered network derived from condensation polymerization of the 4,4′-bipyridine-cyanuric chloride couple. Eur Polym J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Bourlinos AB, Georgakilas V, Tzitzios V, Boukos N, Herrera R, Giannelis EP. Functionalized carbon nanotubes: synthesis of meltable and amphiphilic derivatives. Small 2006; 2:1188-91. [PMID: 17193588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bourlinos AB, Giannelis EP, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Floudas G, Fytas G. Surface-functionalized nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior: the role of the constituent components. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2006; 20:109-17. [PMID: 16733645 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2006-10007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionically modified silica nanoparticles with large counter anions (sulfonate, isostearate) at two silica volume fractions (13 and 27%) form a viscous fluid and a glass but not crystalline solids. Dielectric spectroscopy, Brillouin scattering and shear rheometry were employed to investigate these new nanoparticle-based fluids. The glass transition temperature and hence the local dynamics are governed by the large counter anions, whereas the flow properties can be controlled by the spatial correlation between the nanoparticles, e.g. by tuning the volume fraction of hard cores and local interactions between segments in the soft corona. Liquid-like ordering of the cores was revealed by X-ray scattering and found to influence significantly the macroscopic flow properties of these salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A B Bourlinos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bourlinos AB, Stassinopoulos A, Anglos D, Herrera R, Anastasiadis SH, Petridis D, Giannelis EP. Functionalized ZnO nanoparticles with liquidlike behavior and their photoluminescence properties. Small 2006; 2:513-6. [PMID: 17193077 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Institute of Materials Science, NCSR Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens 15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Bourlinos AB, Chowdhury SR, Jiang DD, An YU, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Giannelis EP. Layered organosilicate nanoparticles with liquidlike behavior. Small 2005; 1:80-2. [PMID: 17193353 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bourlinos AB, Raman K, Herrera R, Zhang Q, Archer LA, Giannelis EP. A Liquid Derivative of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid with Unusually High Conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:15358-9. [PMID: 15563144 DOI: 10.1021/ja046821b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of the solid heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 with a bulky PEG-containing quaternary ammonium cation through partial proton exchange leads to a polyoxometalate-based liquid salt with high-temperature proton conductivity ( approximately 10-3 S cm-1 at 140 degrees C) under dry conditions. The proton conductivity of the liquid salt is 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the solid analogue under identical conditions and shows super ionic behavior as defined by Walden plot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bourlinos AB, Jiang DD, Das RN, Giannelis EP. Engineering of silica monoliths and the effect of clay doping on their properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b400028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of amide macrocycles, based on the use of organo-clay derivatives as controlling template, is proposed as an alternative to the rotaxane method. Dications of p-xylylene diamine inserted in the clay interlayer space act as molding pillars around which neutral diamine molecules are erected via hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions to form supramolecular arrays. Condensation of diamines in the supramolecular arrays with diacetyl dichlorides yields various tetramide macrocycles in good yields. Shape, aromaticity and dimensions of the reactants are factors affecting the condensation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Georgakilas
- Institute of Material Science NCSR Demokritos Ag Paraskevi Attikis 15310 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|