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Ashtaputrey SD, Agrawal PS. Fenton and photo-assisted advanced oxidative degradation of ionic liquids: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103576-103601. [PMID: 37715035 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the class of materials which are purely ionic in nature and liquid at room temperature. Their remarkable properties like very low vapour pressure, non-inflammable and high heat resistance are responsible for their use as a very appealing solvent in a variety of industrial applications in place of regular organic solvents. Because ILs are water soluble to a certain extent, the industrial wastewater effluents are found to contaminate with their traces. The non-biodegradability of ILs attracts the attention of the researchers for their removal or degradation from wastewater. Numbers of methods are available for the treatment of wastewater. However, it is very crucial to use the most efficient method for the degradation of ILs. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the most important techniques for the treatment of ILs in wastewater which have been investigated during last decades. This review paper covers the cost-effective Fenton, photochemical and photocatalytic AOPs and their combination that could be applied for the degradation of ILs from the wastewater. Theoretical explanations of these AOPs along with experimental conditions and kinetics of degradation or removal of ILs from water and wastewater have been reported and compared. Finally, future perspectives of IL degradation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratibha S Agrawal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, MS, India, 440010
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2
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Jiang XY, Kwon E, Wen JC, Bedia J, Thanh BX, Ghotekar S, Lee J, Tsai YC, Ebrahimi A, Lin KYA. Direct growth of nano-worm-like Cu 2S on copper mesh as a hierarchical 3D catalyst for Fenton-like degradation of an imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquid in water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:39-53. [PMID: 36731217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) inevitably releases RTILs into the water environment, posing serious threats to aquatic ecology due to the toxicities of RTILs. Thus, urgent needs are necessitated for developing useful processes for removing RTILs from water, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C4mimCl), the most common RTIL, would be the most representative RTIL for studying the removal of RTILs from water. As advanced oxidation processes with hydrogen peroxide (HP) are validated as useful approaches for eliminating emerging contaminants, developing advantageous heterogeneous catalysts for activating HP is the key to the successful degradation of C4mim. Herein, a hierarchical structure is fabricated by growing Cu2S on copper mesh (CSCM) utilizing CM as a Cu source. Compared to its precursor, CuO@CM, this CSCM exhibited tremendously higher catalytic activity for catalyzing HP to degrade C4mim efficiently because CSCM exhibits much more superior electrochemical properties and reactive sites, allowing CSCM to degrade C4mim rapidly. CSCM also exhibits a smaller Ea of C4mim elimination than all values in the literature. CSCM also shows a high capacity and stability for activating HP to degrade C4mim in the presence of NaCl and seawater. Besides, the mechanistic investigation of C4mim elimination by CSCM-activated HP has also been clarified and ascribed to OH and 1O2. The elimination route could also be examined and disclosed in detail through the quantum computational chemistry, confirming that CSCM is a useful catalyst for catalyzing HP to degrade RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Eilhann Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, SeongDong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jet-Chau Wen
- National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Bedia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Bui Xuan Thanh
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce & Science, University of Mumbai, Silvassa 396 230, Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT), India
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Global Smart City & School of Civil, Architectural Engineering, and Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Chih Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Afshin Ebrahimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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3
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Boutiti A, Zouaghi R, Guittonneau S, Sehili T. Effects of sodium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide on imidazolium ionic liquid degradation by simulated solar light in aqueous ZnO suspension. INT J CHEM KINET 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameur Boutiti
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement Faculté des Sciences Exactes Université Frères Mentouri Constantine Constantine Algeria
| | - Razika Zouaghi
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement Faculté des Sciences Exactes Université Frères Mentouri Constantine Constantine Algeria
| | - Sylvie Guittonneau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement Université Savoie Mont‐blanc Le Bouget‐du‐Lac Cedex France
| | - Tahar Sehili
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement Faculté des Sciences Exactes Université Frères Mentouri Constantine Constantine Algeria
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Lyu P, Guo W, Qi H, Yuan X, Ma J, Xu X, Zhou H. Degradation of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in an ultrasonic zero-valent zinc and activated carbon micro-electrolysis system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1951. [PMID: 36732576 PMCID: PMC9894912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased attention has been given to the removal of ionic liquids (ILs) from natural water environments. In this work, 5 kinds of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate ([Cnmim][BF4] (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)) ILs were degraded in an ultrasonic zero-valent zinc (ZVZ) and activated carbon (AC) micro-electrolysis system. Optimization of degradation conditions and the degradation levels were studied by high performance liquid chromatography, the surface morphology of the ZVZ and AC changed before and after the reaction were observed by scanning electron microscope. The degradation intermediates were detected by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry and ion chromatography, and inferred the degradation pathway. The degradation effect of [C4mim][BF4] was best with ultrasonic assistance, pH 3 and an AC/ZVZ ratio of 1:1. The degradation of [Cnmim][BF4] in aqueous solution exceeded 91.7% in 120 min, and the mineralization level exceeded 88.9%. The surface of smooth and dense ZVZ particles became loose flocculent and the porous surface of AC became larger and rougher after reaction. The degradation pathway suggested that the imidazolium ring was sulfurized or oxidized, and then the ring was opened to form N-alkyl formamide and N-methyl formamide. ZVZ/AC micro-electrolysis combined with ultrasonic irradiation is an effective method to remove ILs, which provides new insight into IL degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lyu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wan Guo
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hang Qi
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xingmin Xu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haimei Zhou
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Ren H, Qian H, Hou Q, Li W, Ju M. Removal of ionic liquid in water environment: A review of fundamentals and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Hofmann-MOF derived nanoball assembled by FeNi alloy confined in carbon nanotubes as a magnetic catalyst for activating peroxydisulfate to degrade an ionic liquid. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yin Y, Ying Y, Liu G, Chen H, Fan J, Li Z, Wang C, Guo Z, Zeng G. High Proton-Conductive and Temperature-Tolerant PVC-P4VP Membranes towards Medium-Temperature Water Electrolysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040363. [PMID: 35448332 PMCID: PMC9027779 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Water electrolysis (WE) is a highly promising approach to producing clean hydrogen. Medium-temperature WE (100–350 °C) can improve the energy efficiency and utilize the low-grade water vapor. Therefore, a high-temperature proton-conductive membrane is desirable to realize the medium-temperature WE. Here, we present a polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-poly(4vinylpyridine) (P4VP) hybrid membrane by a simple cross-linking of PVC and P4VP. The pyridine groups of P4VP promote the loading rate of phosphoric acid, which delivers the proton conductivity of the PVC-P4VP membrane. The optimized PVC-P4VP membrane with a 1:2 content ratio offers the maximum proton conductivity of 4.3 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 180 °C and a reliable conductivity stability in 200 h at 160 °C. The PVC-P4VP membrane electrode is covered by an IrO2 anode, and a Pt/C cathode delivers not only the high water electrolytic reactivity at 100–180 °C but also the stable WE stability at 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiming Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guojuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhuangyan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (H.C.); (J.F.); (Z.L.); (C.W.); (Z.G.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Beil S, Markiewicz M, Pereira CS, Stepnowski P, Thöming J, Stolte S. Toward the Proactive Design of Sustainable Chemicals: Ionic Liquids as a Prime Example. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13132-13173. [PMID: 34523909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tailorable and often unique properties of ionic liquids (ILs) drive their implementation into a broad variety of seminal technologies. The modular design of ILs allows in this context a proactive selection of structures that favor environmental sustainability─ideally without compromising their technological performance. To achieve this objective, the whole life cycle must be taken into account and various aspects considered simultaneously. In this review, we discuss how the structural design of ILs affects their environmental impacts throughout all stages of their life cycles and scrutinize the available data in order to point out knowledge gaps that need further research activities. The design of more sustainable ILs starts with the selection of the most beneficial precursors and synthesis routes, takes their technical properties and application specific performance into due account, and considers its environmental fate particularly in terms of their (eco)toxicity, biotic and abiotic degradability, mobility, and bioaccumulation potential. Special emphasis is placed on reported structure-activity relationships and suggested mechanisms on a molecular level that might rationalize the empirically found design criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Markiewicz
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Degradation of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid in water using monopersulfate catalyzed by Dahlia flower-like cobalt oxide. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Magina S, Barros-Timmons A, Ventura SPM, Evtuguin DV. Evaluating the hazardous impact of ionic liquids - Challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125215. [PMID: 33951860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), being related to the design of new environmentally friendly solvents, are widely considered for applications within the "green chemistry" concept. Due to their unique properties and wide diversity, ILs allow tailoring new separation procedures and producing new materials for advanced applications. However, despite the promising technical performance, environmental concerns highlighted in recent studies focused on the toxicity and biodegradability of ILs and their metabolites have revealed that ILs safety labels are not as benign as previously claimed. This review refers to the fundamentals about the properties and applications of ILs also in the context of their potential environmental effect. Toxicological issues and harmful effects related to the use of ILs are discussed, including the evaluation of their biodegradability and ecological impact on diverse organisms and ecosystems, also with respect to bacteria, fungi, and cell cultures. In addition, this review covers the tools used to assess the toxicity of ILs, including the predictive computational models and the results of studies involving cell membrane models and molecular simulations. Summing up the knowledge available so far, there are still no reliable criteria for unequivocal attribution of toxicity and environmental impact credentials for ILs, which is a challenging research task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magina
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal.
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Toxicity and inhibition assessment of ionic liquids by activated sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109836. [PMID: 31675504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of 13 ionic liquids (ILs) corresponding to different families were studied by inhibition respiration assays (15 min) using activated sludge. Toxicity increased as increasing the number of carbons in the alkyl-chain of imidazolium-based ILs, with EC50 values from 4.19 to 0.17 for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), respectively. An increase in toxicity was observed for aromatic-based ILs (pyridinium- and imidazolium-based ILs) due to the hydrophobic character of the head groups in comparison with linear structures as phosphonium and ammonium cations. Among to the anions studied fixing [Emim]+ as cation, [HSO4]- and [NTf2]- presented low EC50 values (0.34 mM and 1.69 mM, respectively) while [Cl]- and [EtSO4]- were considered harmless anions due to the hydrophilic character of chloride and the organic nature of [EtSO4]-. ILs toxicity/inhibition was determined by adding a biodegradable compound and measuring the sludge response after being in contact with the ILs for at least 15 h. The exposure of sewage sludge to ILs for more than 15 min used in short inhibition assays caused more toxic effect on microorganisms, even for [Choline][NTf2], previously defined as practically harmless (EC50 = 2.79 mM). Biodegradability assays confirmed the biodegradable nature of choline cation, related with TOC conversion of 40%, only due to cation consumption. No oxygen consumption or even lysis of microbial cells was observed for Tetrabutylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and for 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulphate due to the presence of anions previously defined as hazardous ([NTf2]- and [HSO4]-), maintaining their recalcitrant character to sewage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomez-Herrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Tobajas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Polo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Vander Meulen IJ, Jiang P, Wu D, Hrudey SE, Li XF. N-Nitrosamine formation from chloramination of two common ionic liquids. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:341-348. [PMID: 31791507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of solvents increasingly used as "green chemicals." Widespread applications of ILs have led to concerns about their accidental entry to the environment. ILs have been assessed for some environmental impacts; however, little has been done to characterize their potential impacts on drinking water if ILs accidentally enter surface water. IL cations are often aromatic or alkyl quaternary amines that resemble structures of previously confirmed N-nitrosamine (NA) precursors. Therefore, this study has evaluated two common ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMImBr) and 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide (EMPyrBr), for their NA formation potential. Each IL species was reacted with pre-formed monochloramine under various laboratory conditions. The reaction mixtures were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed for NAs using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. At low concentration of IL (250 μmol/L), the yields of NAs (NMEA or NPyr) increased with increasing doses of monochloramine from both IL species. The total NA yield was as high as 2.5 ± 0.3 ng/mg from EMImBr, and as high as 8.6 ± 0.8 ng/mg from EMPyrBr. At high concentration of IL (5 mmol/L), the NA yield reached a maximum at 2.5 mmol/L NH2Cl, and then decreased with subsequent increases in the reactant concentrations, demonstrating ILs' solvent effects. This study re-emphasizes the importance of preventing discharge of ILs to water bodies to prevent secondary impacts on drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Vander Meulen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Kurnia KA, Kusumawati Y, Prasetyoko D, Tehubijuluw H, Alamsjah MA, Coutinho JAP. Understanding the adsorption of ionic liquids onto zeolite ZSM-5 from aqueous solution: experimental and computational modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24518-24526. [PMID: 31663557 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are considered as emergent pollutants as these compounds possess high persistence in aqueous solution and toxicity toward aquatic organisms. In this work, the adsorption equilibrium of 27 ionic liquids, with different cation head groups, alkyl chain lengths, and anions, onto ZSM-5 was measured experimentally at several compositions and at temperature 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The extensive number of ionic liquids studied allows a comprehensive study on the impact of adsorbate chemical structures toward their adsorption process. The gathered experimental results show that the anions have a dominant effect, when compared to the cation head group and the alkyl chain length, in ruling the adsorption of ionic liquids from aqueous solution onto ZSM-5. The adsorption isotherms reveal that the adsorption process is a combination between Langmuir and Freundlich behaviors, with the latter leading the general process. Moreover, computational modelling using COSMO-RS demonstrates the existence of several molecular forces that rule the adsorption process, reinforcing the idea that the ionic liquid anion rules the adsorption. The results collected in the present work provide new understanding on the molecular mechanism for the development of efficient adsorbents for removal and recovery of ionic liquids from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiki Adi Kurnia
- Department of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marines, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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Isosaari P, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Ionic liquid-based water treatment technologies for organic pollutants: Current status and future prospects of ionic liquid mediated technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:604-619. [PMID: 31301501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity motivated the scientific researcher to develop efficient technologies for the wastewater treatment for its reuse. Ionic liquids have been applied to many industrial and analytical separation processes, but their applications in the wastewater treatment, especially in the removal of organic pollutants, are still not well explored. Potential applications of ionic liquids include solvent extraction, solvent membrane technologies and ionic liquid-modified materials that are mainly used as adsorbents. Aforementioned technologies have been examined for the abatement of phenol, chloro- and nitrophenols, toluene, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals etc. Present review enlightens the application of different ionic liquids in wastewater treatment and suggests the versatility of ionic liquids in the development of rapid, effective and selective removal processes for the variety of organic pollutants. Implementation of ionic liquid based technologies for wastewater treatment have lots of challenges including the selection of non-hazardous ionic liquids, technological applications, high testing requirements for individual uses and scaling-up of the entire pollutant removal, disposal, and ionic liquid regeneration process. Toxicity assessment of water soluble ionic liquids (ILs) is the major issue due to the widespread application of ILs and hence more exposure of environment by ILs. The development of effective technologies for the recovery/treatment of wastewater contaminated with ILs is necessary from the environmental point of view. Furthermore, the cost factor is the major challenge associated with ionic liquid-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Isosaari
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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15
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Pęziak-Kowalska D, Syguda A, Ławniczak Ł, Borkowski A, Fourcade F, Heipieper HJ, Lota G, Chrzanowski Ł. Hybrid electrochemical and biological treatment of herbicidal ionic liquids comprising the MCPA anion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:172-179. [PMID: 31185431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was focused on the application of an electrochemical oxidation process combined with biodegradation for the removal of novel Herbicidal Ionic Liquids (HILs) -promising protection plant products which incorporate herbicidal anions and ammonium cations. The influence of carbon chain length (n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) in the dialkyldimethylammonium cations on electrochemical oxidation kinetics, degradation efficiency and biodegradation by activated sludge was investigated. It was established that the applied cation influenced the heterogeneous rate constant and diffusion coefficient of electrochemical oxidation. The oxidation efficiency ranged from 17% in case of HILs with C8 alkyl chain to approx. 60% in case of HILs comprising C14 and C16 alkyl chains after 3 h of electrochemical treatment. Subsequent biodegradation studies revealed that electrochemical oxidation improved the mineralization efficiency of the studied HILs. The mineralization efficiency of electrochemically-treated HILs ranged from 28% in case of HILs comprising the C8 alkyl chain to 57% in case of HILs with C14 and C16 alkyl chains after 28 days. In case of untreated HILs, the corresponding mineralization efficiency ranged from 0 to 8%, respectively. This confirms the feasibility of a hybrid electrochemical-biological approach for treatment of herbicidal ionic liquids based on MCPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pęziak-Kowalska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Syguda
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Borkowski
- Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Florence Fourcade
- Université Rennes 1/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allées de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Lota
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Bedrychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
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16
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Kaabeche ONEH, Zouaghi R, Boukhedoua S, Bendjabeur S, Sehili T. A Comparative Study on Photocatalytic Degradation of Pyridinium – Based Ionic Liquid by TiO2 and ZnO in Aqueous Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of hexylpyridinium bromide (HPyBr) from an aqueous solution was studied by focusing on comparison of the photoactivity of ZnO and TiO2 P25. The process was carried out under different experimental conditions. The results showed that there is no adsorption of pollutant by both catalysts in the dark. The efficiency of P25 Degussa and ZnO photocatalysts were compared, and the photocatalytic kinetics study showed that ZnO is more efficient than TiO2 P25. The HPyBr photodegradation was found to follow a pseudo-first order kinetics, and the higher rates constants were obtained at the alkaline medium for ZnO (pH = 11, kapp = 9.61 × 10–2 min−1) and at acidic medium for TiO2 P25 (pH = 3, kapp = 1.28 × 10–2 min−1). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was found suitable to explain the rate constant data for the ionic liquid degradation by both catalysts. The presence of carbonate ions at alkaline medium was found to reduce the HPyBr degradation for ZnO and to enhance the HPyBr degradation for TiO2, this enhancement in TiO2/CO32-/UV system was confirmed by the addition of •OH and hvb+ scavengers. According to TOC and COD results, HPyBr mineralization was faster in ZnO/UV system than in TiO2/UV system.
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17
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Zhou H, Lv P, Qi H, Ma J, Wang J. Removal of residual functionalized ionic liquids from water by ultrasound-assisted zero-valent iron/activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2504-2512. [PMID: 29464989 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1444101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous applications of ionic liquids (ILs) are often accompanied by the generation of aqueous wastes. Due to the high toxicity and poor biodegradability of ILs, effective chemical treatment is of great importance for their removal from aqueous solution. In this work, an ultrasound-assisted zero-valent iron/activated carbon (US-ZVI/AC) micro-electrolysis technique was used to degrade residual functionalized ILs, 1-butyl-3-methyl benzimidazolium bromide ([BMBIM]Br) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) in aqueous solution, and the degradation degree, degradation kinetics and possible degradation pathways were investigated. It was shown that the degradation of these functionalized ILs was highly efficient in the US-ZVI/AC system, and the degradation degree was as high as 96.1% and 92.9% in 110 min for [BMBIM]Br and [AMIM]Cl, respectively. The degradation of [BMBIM]Br could be described by the second-order kinetics model, and [BMBIM]+ was decomposed in two ways: (i) sequential cleavage of N-alkyl side chain of the cation produced three intermediates; (ii) the 2-positioned H atoms of the benzimidazolium ring were first oxidized, and then the imidazolium ring was opened. The degradation of [AMIM]Cl followed the first-order kinetics rule, and the 2,4,5-positioned H atoms of the imidazolium ring were oxidized to induce ring opening. In addition, the removal of total organic carbon was found to be >87%, which indicates that most of the ILs was mineralized in the degradation process. These results suggest that ultrasound-assisted ZVI/AC micro-electrolysis is highly effective for the removal of residual functionalized ILs from aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhou
- a Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lv
- a Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Qi
- a Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- a Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianji Wang
- b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan , People's Republic of China
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18
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da Silva WL, Leal BC, Ziulkoski AL, van Leeuwen PW, dos Santos JHZ, Schrekker HS. Petrochemical residue-derived silica-supported titania-magnesium catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of imidazolium ionic liquids in water. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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de Oliveira Marcionilio SML, Crisafulli R, Medeiros GA, de Sousa Tonhá M, Garnier J, Neto BAD, Linares JJ. Influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the degradation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solutions on boron-doped diamond anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:343-350. [PMID: 30826704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the degradation process of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) solution on a boron-doped diamond anode in a filter-type electrochemical reactor configuration. The results show that this parameter did not significantly affect this process when operating in the laminar regime. However, in the transition regime (Re ≥ 2000), higher flow rates resulted in a faster removal of BMImCl and total organic carbon, making the process more efficient. Following BMImCl degradation, nitrates were generated at the cathode, then reduced at the cathode to ammonium; combination with free chloride produced at the anode led to the transformation of chloride into combined chlorine forms instead of more toxic oxianions such as chlorate and perchlorate. Thus, the flow rate can be a key parameter for defining operating conditions in which the target BMImCl is more effectively degraded with reduced generation of undesirable secondary products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudy Crisafulli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Medeiros
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Myller de Sousa Tonhá
- Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Garnier
- Laboratório de Geoquímica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José J Linares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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20
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Synthesis and Properties of Poly(imides) and Poly(imides)/Ionic Liquid Composites Bearing a Benzimidazole Moiety. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050759. [PMID: 31052323 PMCID: PMC6572087 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new aromatic poly(imides) containing benzimidazole units in the backbone were synthesized and characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. Flexible spacer groups were incorporated into the poly(imides) structure to improve their solubility in organic solvents and their oxidative stabilization. All poly(imides) were thermally stable (Td5% > 512 °C) and had the ability to form dense flexible films. Novel composite films were successfully prepared by loading poly(imide) with ionic liquid ([Bmim]Br) at different concentrations up to 25 wt.%. The resulting materials were characterized according to their morphology and elemental composition (SEM-EDX), water uptake capability, contact angle, and oxidative degradation resistance. Results suggested that poly(imide)/ionic liquid composites would be excellent candidates for future proton conductivity measurements.
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21
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Removal of imidazolium-based ionic liquid by coupling Fenton and biological oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:289-296. [PMID: 30447636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the potential of combining Fenton´s reagent and biological oxidation for removing the imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EmimCl). Fenton-like oxidation was conducted at variable H2O2 doses from 20 to 100% the stoichiometric value as calculated from the theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD). The stoichiometric H2O2 dose afforded Total Organic Carbon (TOC) conversion and COD removal of 50 and 62%, respectively. Identifying the reaction by-products formed at low hydrogen peroxide doses allowed a plausible pathway for EmimCl oxidation to be proposed. The effluents from Fenton-like oxidation at substoichiometric H2O2 doses were less ecotoxic and more biodegradable than was the parent ionic liquid. The effluent from Fenton-like oxidation with the 60% H2O2 dose (TOC conversion ≅ 41%, COD removal ≅ 31%) was subsequently subjected to an effective biological treatment that allowed complete removal of the starting compound, increased its ecotoxicity to a low-moderate level and rendered it acceptably biodegradable. Biological oxidation was performed in 8-h and 12-h cycles in a sequencing batch reactor. Combining Fenton and biological oxidation of EmimCl afforded TOC conversion and COD removal of around 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gomez-Herrero
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Tobajas
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Polo
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodriguez
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F Mohedano
- -Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Wei Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Yang H, Zhang Q. The Volumetric and Transport Properties of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate Ionic Liquid and Propylene Carbonate Binary System. J SOLUTION CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-019-00842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Meijide J, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for 1-butylpyridinium chloride degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3145-3156. [PMID: 29034428 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of the electro-Fenton process for organic compound mineralisation has been widely reported over the past years. However, operational problems related to the use of soluble iron salt as a homogeneous catalyst involve the development of novel catalysts that are able to operate in a wide pH range. For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol-alginate beads, containing goethite as iron, were synthesised and evaluated as heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst for 1-butylpyridinium chloride mineralisation. The influence of catalyst dosage and pH solution on ionic liquid degradation was analysed, achieving almost total oxidation after 60 min under optimal conditions (2 g/L catalyst concentration and pH 3). The results showed good catalyst stability and reusability, although its effectiveness decreases slightly after three successive cycles. Furthermore, a plausible mineralisation pathway was proposed based on the oxidation byproducts determined by chromatographic techniques. Finally, the Microtox® test revealed notable detoxification after treatment which demonstrates high catalyst ability for pyridinium-based ionic liquid degradation by the electro-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Meijide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Isaac Newton Building, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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24
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Bedia J, Rodriguez JJ, Moreno D, Palomar J, Belver C. Photostability and photocatalytic degradation of ionic liquids in water under solar light. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2026-2033. [PMID: 35694131 PMCID: PMC9119320 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study, (i) the photostability of different imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in water under solar light; and (ii) the photocatalytic degradation of those ILs in water with TiO2 under solar light. The effects of the type of cation and anion as well as the length of the cationic chain of the imidazolium ILs have been analyzed. These imidazolium-based ILs show high solar stability, slightly decreasing as the length of the cationic chain increases. The anion plays a main role in the stability of ILs under solar light, decreasing in the case of hydrophobic anions. The kind of head group (pyridinium or imidazolium) or the presence of functional groups (allyl, OH) also influence the solar light stability. DFT calculations on the fundamental and excited electronic states of the ILs were carried out to obtain a deeper insight on their photostability. In the case of the photocatalytic degradation of the ILs, complete conversion was achieved for all the ILS tested but mineralization reached 80% at the most. The rate of degradation increased with the length of the alkyl chain while the anion showed little effect. The pyridinium-based IL tested was the easiest to breakdown. The aim of this work is to study, (i) the photostability of different imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) in water under solar light; and (ii) the photocatalytic degradation of those ILs in water with TiO2 under solar light.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bedia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Juan José Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Carolina Belver
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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25
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Domínguez CM, Munoz M, Quintanilla A, de Pedro ZM, Casas JA. Kinetics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids degradation in aqueous solution by Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34811-34817. [PMID: 29034425 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, several works dealing with Fenton oxidation of ionic liquids (ILs) have proved the capability of this technology for their degradation, achieving complete ILs removal and non-toxic effluents. Nevertheless, very little is known about the kinetics of this process, crucial for its potential application. In this work, the effect of several operating conditions, including reaction temperature (50-90 °C), catalyst load (10-50 mg L-1 Fe3+), initial IL concentration (100-2000 mg L-1), and hydrogen peroxide dose (10-200% of the stoichiometric amount for the complete IL mineralization) on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) oxidation has been investigated. Under the optimum operating conditions (T = 90 °C; [Fe3+]0 = 50 mg L-1; [H2O2]0 = 100% of the stoichiometric amount), the complete removal of [C4mim]Cl (1000 mg L-1) was achieved at 1.5-min reaction time. From the experimental results, a potential kinetic model capable to describe the removal of imidazolium-based ILs by Fenton oxidation has been developed. By fitting the proposed model to the experimental data, the orders of the reaction with respect to IL initial concentration, Fe3+ amount and H2O2 dose were found to be close to 1, with an apparent activation energy of 43.3 kJ mol-1. The model resulted in a reasonable fit within the wide range of operating conditions tested in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Domínguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena Munoz
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Quintanilla
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahara M de Pedro
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casas
- Chemical Engineering Section, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ctra. Colmenar km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Gomez-Herrero E, Tobajas M, Polo A, Rodriguez JJ, Mohedano AF. Removal of imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids by Fenton oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:34930-34937. [PMID: 29318485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of imidazolium (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, HmimCl) and pyridinium (1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium chloride, BmpyrCl) ionic liquids (ILs) by Fenton's reagent has been studied. Complete conversion was achieved for both ILs using the stoichiometric H2O2 dose at 70 °C, reaching final TOC conversion values around 45 and 55% for HmimCl and BmpyrCl, respectively. The decrease in hydrogen peroxide dose to substoichiometric concentrations (20-80% stoichiometric dose) caused a decrease in TOC conversion and COD removal and the appearance of hydroxylated oxidation by-products. Working at these substoichiometric H2O2 doses allowed the depiction of a possible degradation pathway for the oxidation of both imidazolium and pyridinium ILs. The first step of the oxidation process consisted in the hydroxylation of the ionic liquid by the attack of the ·OH radicals, followed by the ring-opening and the formation of short-chain organic acids, which could be partially oxidized up to CO2 and H2O. At H2O2 doses near stoichiometric values (80%), the resulting effluents showed non-ecotoxic behaviour and more biodegradable character (BOD5/COD ratio around 0.38 and 0.58 for HmimCl and BmpyrCl, respectively) due to the formation of short-chain organic acids. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gomez-Herrero
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Tobajas
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Polo
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodriguez
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel F Mohedano
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Díez A, Sanromán M, Pazos M. Fenton-based processes for the regeneration of catalytic adsorbents. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Poza-Nogueiras V, Arellano M, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán MA, González-Romero E. Electroanalytical techniques applied to monitoring the electro-Fenton degradation of aromatic imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Poza-Nogueiras V, Arellano M, Rosales E, Pazos M, González-Romero E, Sanromán MA. Heterogeneous electro-Fenton as plausible technology for the degradation of imidazolinium-based ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:68-75. [PMID: 29428517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional water treatments are generally inadequate for degradation of emerging pollutants such as ionic liquids (ILs). The use of heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) has attracted great interest, due to its ability to efficiently oxidize a wide range of organic pollutants operating in cycles or in continuous mode. In this study, the removal of a complex IL from the imidazolinium family (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride), by means of HEF using iron alginate spheres as catalyst has been investigated, resulting in significant TOC decay after 6 h. The optimization of the key process parameters (current, IL concentration and catalyst dosage) has been performed using a Box-Behnken experimental design and achieving 76.98% of TOC abatement in 2 h of treatment. Current proved to be a crucial parameter and high catalyst dosage is required to achieve the maximum removal. In addition, an insight about the availability of iron into the reactor and the evolution of several intermediates has been carried out by employing differential pulse voltammetry on screen-printed carbon electrodes. The evolution of the different voltammetric peaks confirmed the influence of iron release, and the generation of several iron complexes has permitted the comprehension of the degradation pathway, which has been validated by chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Poza-Nogueiras
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E Rosales
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - M Pazos
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E González-Romero
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - M A Sanromán
- Centro de Investigación Tecnolóxico Industrial - MTI, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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30
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Calza P, Fabbri D, Noè G, Santoro V, Medana C. Assessment of the photocatalytic transformation of pyridinium-based ionic liquids in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 341:55-65. [PMID: 28768221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We studied some ionic liquids (ILs) belonging to the pyridinium class under photocatalytic treatment. In particularly, we analysed how the length of the alkyl chain, the kind of inorganic ion and the type of substituents could influence the disappearance rate, the mineralization extent, the acute toxicity and the transformation mechanism. For such, we selected some pyridinium derivatives with different alkyl chain but the same anion, namely tetrafluoroborate (1-ethylpyridinium, 1-butylpyridinium, 1-hexylpyridinium), with two alkyl substituents (4-methyl-1-butylpyridinium) and with a different substituent (1-cyanopropylpyridinium). Then, on a selected IL (1-butylpyridinium), we evaluate the role of different inorganic anions (bromine and chlorine). The results show that irrespective to the alkyl chain or the number of substituents, the transformation involved an attack to the alkyl chain, proceeded through the formation of harmless compounds and the mineralization was easily achieved within 4h. Nitrogen was mainly released as ammonium ion. When introducing a cyano group, the extent of nitrate ions and the number of possible transformation route increased. Conversely, the type of inorganic ion deeply affected the transformation pathways and the extent of mineralization. Actually, in the presence of bromide as anion, IL was only partially mineralized and the formation of highly persistent transformation products occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Noè
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Italy
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31
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Fabbri D, Calza P, Noè G, Santoro V, Medana C. High-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry for the characterization of transformation products of ionic liquids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:2011-2020. [PMID: 28913976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ionic liquids (ILs) are a subject of active research in the field of alternative solvents. We studied the behaviour of a piperidine IL, 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium tetrafluoroborate (BMPA), through the elucidation of its transformation products (TPs) in water. METHODS The transformation pathways of BMPA were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with a hybrid LTQ-Orbitrap instrument on the basis of mass defect filtering. TPs of BMPA were identified by fragmentation patterns and accurate mass measurements. RESULTS The separation and identification of 32 TPs was achieved. BMPA can be oxidized at different positions in the alkyl chains. The ultimate products corresponds to N-methyl-piperidinium and some byproducts involving ring-opening. Tests of acute toxicity, evaluated with Vibrio Fischeri bacteria, show that BMPA transformation proceeds through the formation of slightly harmful compounds. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that the main transformation pathways of BMPA were alkyl chain hydroxylation/shortening and de-alkylation, and that HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap can serve as an important analytical platform to gather the unknown TPs of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Noè
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
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32
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Photodegradation of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride [Bmim]Cl via Synergistic Effect of Adsorption–Photodegradation of Fe-TiO2/AC. TECHNOLOGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/technologies5040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Costa SPF, Azevedo AMO, Pinto PCAG, Saraiva MLMFS. Environmental Impact of Ionic Liquids: Recent Advances in (Eco)toxicology and (Bio)degradability. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2321-2347. [PMID: 28394478 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This Review aims to integrate the most recent and pertinent data available on the (bio)degradability and toxicity of ionic liquids for global and critical analysis and on the conscious use of these compounds on a large scale thereafter. The integrated data will enable focus on the recognition of toxicophores and on the way the community has been dealing with them, with the aim to obtain greener and safer ionic liquids. Also, an update of the most recent biotic and abiotic methods developed to overcome some of these challenging issues will be presented. The review structure aims to present a potential sequence of events that can occur upon discharging ionic liquids into the environment and the potential long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P F Costa
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M O Azevedo
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula C A G Pinto
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- A3D-Association for Drug Discovery and Development, Rua do Baixeiro n° 38, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, Requimte, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Egorova KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7132-7189. [PMID: 28125212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 890] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Stary Petergof 198504, Russia
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35
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Lukáč M, Devínsky F, Pisárčik M, Papapetropoulou A, Bukovský M, Horváth B. Novel Phospholium-Type Cationic Surfactants: Synthesis, Aggregation Properties and Antimicrobial Activity. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-016-1908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Marcionilio SMLDO, Alves GM, E Silva RBG, Marques PJL, Maia PD, Neto BAD, Linares JJ. Influence of the current density on the electrochemical treatment of concentrated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solutions on diamond electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19084-19095. [PMID: 27343078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the influence of the current density treatment of a concentrated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) solution on an electrochemical reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. The decrease in the total organic carbon (TOC) and the BMImCl concentration demonstrate the capability of BDD in oxidizing ionic liquids (ILs) and further mineralizing (to CO2 and NO3 (-)) more rapidly at higher current densities in spite of the reduced current efficiency of the process. Moreover, the presence of Cl(-) led to the formation of oxychlorinated anions (mostly ClO3 (-) and ClO4 (-)) and, in combination with the ammonia generated in the cathode from the nitrate reduction, chloramines, more intensely at higher current density. Finally, the analysis of the intermediates formed revealed no apparent influence of the current density on the BMImCl degradation mechanism. The current density presents therefore a complex influence on the IL treatment process that is discussed throughout this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele M Alves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rachel B Góes E Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pablo J Lima Marques
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Poliana D Maia
- Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Universidade de Brasília, Área Universitária n. 1- Vila Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Planaltina, 73300-000, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José J Linares
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro CP 4478, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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37
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Sarmiento GP, Zelcer A, Espinosa MS, Babay PA, Mirenda M. Photochemistry of imidazolium cations. Water addition to methylimidazolium ring induced by UV radiation in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Bocos E, Pazos M, Sanromán MÁ. Electro-Fenton treatment of imidazolium-based ionic liquids: kinetics and degradation pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the removal of five imidazolium-based ionic liquids from water was accomplished by a heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bocos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Vigo
- Vigo
- Spain
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39
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Banić N, Abramović B, Šibul F, Orčić D, Watson M, Vraneš M, Gadžurić S. Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of [bmim][Sal] third generation ionic liquids: effect of water matrices and intermediates identification. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04416f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Unique properties of ionic liquids make them green alternatives for conventional volatile organic compounds. In order to examine future prospects for ionic liquid removal, different advanced oxidation processes were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Banić
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Biljana Abramović
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Filip Šibul
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Dejan Orčić
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Malcolm Watson
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Milan Vraneš
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
| | - Slobodan Gadžurić
- University of Novi Sad
- Faculty of Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Environmental Protection
- 21000 Novi Sad
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40
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Cheng H, Chen G, Qiu Y, Li B, Stenstrom MK. Factors that influence the degradation of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by Fenton oxidation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TN and TOC removal of [C2mim][PF6] suggest a state of imidazole-ring-open during the Fenton degradation of [C2mim][PF6].
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Yuping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Ben Li
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- University of California
- Los Angeles 90095-1593
- USA
| | - Michael K. Stenstrom
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
- University of California
- Los Angeles 90095-1593
- USA
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41
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Yang X, Song H, Wang J, Zou W. Temperature and composition dependence of the density, viscosity and refractive index of binary mixtures of a novel gemini ionic liquid with acetonitrile. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27934h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess molar volume VEm for the system of [MPiC6Py][NTf2]2 (1) + MeCN (2) at various temperatures; solid line, Redlich–Kister correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhao Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Hao Song
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- China
| | - Wenyuan Zou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou
- China
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42
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A comparative study of electrochemical degradation of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids: A reaction pathway and ecotoxicity evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Munoz M, Domínguez CM, de Pedro ZM, Quintanilla A, Casas JA, Ventura SP, Coutinho JA. Role of the chemical structure of ionic liquids in their ecotoxicity and reactivity towards Fenton oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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