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La Manna P, De Carluccio M, Oliva G, Vigliotta G, Rizzo L. Urban wastewater disinfection by iron chelates mediated solar photo-Fenton: Effects on seven pathogens and antibiotic resistance transfer potential. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120966. [PMID: 38070340 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The effects of solar photo-Fenton (SPF) process mediated by the iron chelate Fe3+ imminodisuccinic acid (Fe:IDS) on both the inactivation of seven relevant pathogens and the potential for antibiotic resistance transfer (degradation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and after treatment regrowth), in real secondary treated urban wastewater, were investigated for the first time. A comparison with results obtained by sunlight/H2O2 process and Fe3+ ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (Fe:EDDS) SPF was also carried out. ARGs were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples before and after (3 h) the treatment. The persistence of the selected pathogens and ARGs was also evaluated in regrowth tests (72 h) under environmentally mimicking conditions. Fe:IDS SPF resulted to be more effective (from 1.4 log removal for Staphylococcus spp. to 4.3 log removal for Escherichia coli) than Fe:EDDS SPF (from 0.8 log removal for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 2.0 log removal for Total coliphages) and sunlight/H2O2 (from 1.2 log removal for Clostridium perfringens to 3.3 log removal for E. coli) processes for the seven pathogens investigated. Potential pathogens regrowth was also severely affected, as no substantial regrowth was observed, both in presence and absence of catalase. A similar trend was observed for ARGs removal too (until 0.001 fold change expression for qnrS after 3 h). However, a poor effect and a slight increase in fold change was observed after treatment especially for gyrA, mefA and intl1. Overall, the effect of the investigated processes on ARGs was found to be ARG dependent. Noteworthy, coliphages can regrow after sunlight/H2O2 treatment unlike SPF processes, increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance transfer by transduction mechanism. In conclusion, Fe:IDS SPF is an attractive solution for tertiary treatment of urban wastewater in small wastewater treatment plants as it can provide effective disinfection and a higher protection against antibiotic resistance transfer than the other investigated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Water Science and Technology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Technology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Oliva
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Technology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Herrera-Muñoz J, Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Piña S, Salazar-González R. Simultaneous degradation of contaminants of emerging concern and disinfection by solar photoelectro-Fenton process at circumneutral pH in a solar electrochemical raceway pond reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139978. [PMID: 37660793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal and wild microorganisms' inactivation was evaluated by applying solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) process in actual secondary effluent collected from a real municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP). 20 L of a mixture of four CECs was used as model pollutants (200 μg/L of acetaminophen, caffeine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole each one). The SPEF process was carried out on fully sunny days, at circumneutral pH using the complex Fe3+-EDDS, in a solar electrochemical - raceway pond reactor (SEC-RPR). Initially, the optimal conditions for CECs degradation were determined using a response surface model based on current density, iron complex concentration and Fe3+-EDDS addition time (to allow previous accumulation of H2O2) as model inputs. A current density of 24.6 mA/cm2, a Fe3+-EDDS complex concentration of 0.089 mM and 3.8 min of previous H2O2 accumulation were the resulting optimum conditions that were afterwards applied for the simultaneous degradation of the CECs synthetic mixture and wild microorganisms inactivation in actual secondary effluent. About 85% CECs removal and complete E. coli inactivation were achieved in 30 min, approximately, while E. faecalis and total coliforms could be inactivated under detection limit in 60 min and 75 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Herrera-Muñoz
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile; Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile; Grupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Piña
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar-González
- Grupo de Investigación de Análisis, Tratamiento, Electroquímica, Recuperación y Reúso de Agua (WATER2), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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3
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La Manna P, De Carluccio M, Iannece P, Vigliotta G, Proto A, Rizzo L. Chelating agents supported solar photo-Fenton and sunlight/H 2O 2 processes for pharmaceuticals removal and resistant pathogens inactivation in quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131235. [PMID: 36948125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Fe3+-iminodisuccinic acid (Fe:IDS) based solar photo Fenton (SPF), an Italian patented method, was investigated in quaternary treatment of real urban wastewater and compared to Fe3+-ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (Fe:EDDS) for the first time. Three pharmaceuticals (PCs) (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and trimethoprim) and four pathogens (Escherichia coli, somatic and F-plus coliphages, Clostridium perfringens, consistently with the new EU regulation for wastewater reuse (2020/741)), were chosen as target pollutants. SPF with Fe:EDDS was more effective in PCs removal (80%, 10 kJ L-1) than the SPF with Fe:IDS (58%), possibly due to the higher capability of generating hydroxyl radicals. On the contrary, Fe:IDS was more effective (4.3 log inactivation for E. coli) than Fe:EDDS (1.9 log) in pathogens inactivation, possibly due to a lower iron precipitation and turbidity which finally promoted an improved intracellular photo-Fenton mechanism. Fe:L based SPF was subsequently coupled to sunlight/H2O2. Interestingly, while its combination with Fe:EDDS based SPF slightly increased disinfectant efficacy (2.3 vs 1.9 log inactivation for E. coli), the combination with Fe:IDS decreased inactivation efficiency (3.4 vs 4.3 log reduction). In conclusion, due to the good compromise between PCs removal and disinfection efficiency, Fe:IDS SPF alone is an attractive option for quaternary treatment for urban wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino La Manna
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marco De Carluccio
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Iannece
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vigliotta
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonio Proto
- Environmental Chemistry Group (ECG), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Water Science and Tecnology group (WaSTe), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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García-Estrada R, Arzate S, Ramírez-Zamora RM. Thiabendazole degradation by photo-NaOCl/Fe and photo-Fenton like processes, using copper slag as an iron catalyst, in spiked synthetic and real secondary wastewater treatment plant effluents. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:620-634. [PMID: 36789708 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thiabendazole degradation (TBZD) in diferent types of water matrices was assessed by applying two Advanced Oxidation Processes, both using simulated solar light (SSL), copper slag (CS) as an iron based catalyst, and separately H2O2 or NaOCl as oxidants. First, optimum conditions for TBZD were evaluated in distilled water, TBZD = 90% at 60 min for CS-H2O2-SSL, and 92% of TBZD in a twelfth of the time by the system CS-NaOCl-SSL; minimum TBZ depletion variations were observed between the first and the fifth reuse test: 88 ± 2% for CS-H2O2-SSL (60 min) and 90 ± 1% for CS-NaOCl-SSL (5 min). Those conditions were tested using a synthetic (SE) and a real secondary effluent (RE) from a wastewater treatment plant. The CS-H2O2-SSL system achieved TBZD of 88 and 77% after 90 min for SE and RE, with kinetic constants of 0.024 and 0.016 min-1, respectively, whereas photo-NaOCl/Fe showed values of 0.365 and 0.385 min-1 for SE and RE, achieving a 94% TBZD removal in both types of water at 10 min. That might be related to the formation of Cl· and HO• during the photo-NaOCl/Fe process, highlighting that the CS-NaOCl-SSL is an attractive option that has great possibilities for scaling up by a better knowledge in real aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna García-Estrada
- Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Sandra Arzate
- Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Rosa-María Ramírez-Zamora
- Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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Lozano Avilés AB, Del Cerro Velázquez F, Lozano Rivas F. Ultrafiltration Membranes System: A Proposal to Remove Emerging Pollutants in Urban Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1234. [PMID: 36557141 PMCID: PMC9783491 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the important role that wastewater reuse plays in the water cycle and in the current water scenario immersed in a severe drought, the search for technologies that allow obtaining quality water for reuse is increasingly relevant. In this sense, the membrane biological reactor (MBR) is an alternative to traditional activated sludge systems, in which the separation of biomass and treatment water is carried out by membrane filtration instead of decantation. This study made it possible to confirm the presence of emerging pollutants in the wastewater entering the WWTPs under study, to study the behavior and performance of MBR systems with hollow fiber membranes and flat membranes in obtaining reclaimed wastewater for subsequent reuse, and to compare it with the degree of elimination obtained in conventional biological treatment. It has been demonstrated that this technology is almost 100% effective in the elimination of nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, organic micropollutants, metals, etc., and has achieved different percentages of success in eliminating emerging pollutants depending on their nature: 35% in insecticides and herbicides, 45% in anxiolytics, psychiatric drugs, and industrial disinfectants, 75% in antibiotics, and around 100% in analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and hormones. It has also contributed to the establishment of monitoring protocols for emerging pollutants in the WWTPs under study and to the evaluation of their risks, as well as the development and implementation of advanced regeneration systems that are economically favorable for increasing the quality of WWTP effluents for their reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Lozano Avilés
- Water Department, VECTORIS, S.L., Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, 5, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Del Cerro Velázquez
- Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, 5, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lozano Rivas
- Department of Electromagnetism and Electronics, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, 5, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Salazar R, Campos S, Martínez J, Luna F, Thiam A, Aranda M, Calzadilla W, Miralles-Cuevas S, Cabrera-Reina A. New development of a solar electrochemical raceway pond reactor for industrial wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113553. [PMID: 35661730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a solar electrochemical-raceway pond reactor (SEC-RPR) is used to treat textile industrial wastewater by solar photoelectron-Fenton (SPEF) at pilot plant scale for the first time. The SEC-RPR is composed of an electrochemical filter press-cell coupled to RPR, where H2O2 is electro-generated. A complete study about experimental variables such as current, catalyst concentration, pollutant load or liquid depth is conducted based on methyl orange removal, mineralization and decolorization. Validation of the SPEF process using SEC-RPR reached more than 80% of mineralization, as well as the complete decolorization of the solution. The good performance of the SPEF treatment in the new SEC-RPR led to quick degradation kinetics, mainly due to the synergetic action of solar radiation and good distribution of H2O2 electrogenerated in the photoreactor. 100% Methyl Orange degradation was achieved after 150, 60, 45, 30 and 20 min of reaction time applying current density equal to 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2, respectively. However, the increase of current density decreased the mineralization current efficiency. Up to 10 aromatics intermediates and 5 short-chain carboxylic acids were identified by LC-MS and HPLC analysis and a reaction pathway for MO mineralization by SPEF is proposed. This study represents an essential preliminary step towards the development of the first SEC-RPR at demo scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Department of Chemical Materials, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Department of Chemical Materials, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Martínez
- Institutional Program for the Promotion of Research, Development and Innovation, Metropolitan Technological University, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Luna
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Department of Chemical Materials, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abdoulaye Thiam
- Institutional Program for the Promotion of Research, Development and Innovation, Metropolitan Technological University, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Aranda
- Food and Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Wendy Calzadilla
- Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Department of Chemical Materials, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins, 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Platform of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4, Tabernas, Almería, 04200, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Reina
- Institutional Program for the Promotion of Research, Development and Innovation, Metropolitan Technological University, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
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Dye Degradation by Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Photocatalysis Processes. A Scaled-up Approach for a CPC Solar Reactor. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Manrique-Losada L, Santanilla-Calderón HL, Serna-Galvis EA, Torres-Palma RA. Improvement of solar photo-Fenton by extracts of amazonian fruits for the degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:42146-42156. [PMID: 34263397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of copoazu (Theobroma gramdiflorum), canangucha (Maurita Flexuosa), and coffee (Coffea arabica) were explored as enhancers of the solar photo-Fenton process to eliminate acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and diclofenac in raw municipal wastewater. The process, at pH 6.2 and 5 mg L-1 of iron without the presence of extracts, had a very limited action (~35% of the pollutants degradation at 90 min of treatment) due to the iron precipitation. Interestingly, the extract addition increased the soluble iron forms, but only copoazu extract improved the pollutant degradation (~95% of elimination at 20 min of the process action). The copoazu extract components acted as natural complexing agents, maintaining the soluble iron up to 2 mg L-1 even after 90 min and, consequently, enhancing the pollutant degradation. The effect of copoazu extract dose on the process performance was also assessed, finding that an iron:polyphenols (from the copoazu extract) at a molar ratio equal to 1:0.16 was the most favorable condition. Then, the process improved by copoazu extract was applied to raw municipal wastewater. Remarkably, the process led to ~90% of total pharmaceuticals degradation at 20 min of treatment. This work evidenced the feasibility of amazonian fruit extracts to improve the solar photo-Fenton process to degrade pharmaceuticals in aqueous matrices at near-neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lis Manrique-Losada
- Grupo de Investigación Materiales, Ambiente y Desarrollo (MADE), Universidad de la Amazonia, Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con Cra. 3F, Florencia, Colombia.
| | - Heidy L Santanilla-Calderón
- Grupo de Investigación Materiales, Ambiente y Desarrollo (MADE), Universidad de la Amazonia, Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con Cra. 3F, Florencia, Colombia
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Calle 51 No, 51-27, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Cl. 67, #53-108, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Cl. 67, #53-108, Medellín, Colombia.
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Tan FHP, Nadir N, Sudesh K. Microalgal Biomass as Feedstock for Bacterial Production of PHA: Advances and Future Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:879476. [PMID: 35646848 PMCID: PMC9133917 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.879476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for biodegradable plastics has become the focus in combating the global plastic pollution crisis. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are renewable substitutes to petroleum-based plastics with the ability to completely mineralize in soil, compost, and marine environments. The preferred choice of PHA synthesis is from bacteria or archaea. However, microbial production of PHAs faces a major drawback due to high production costs attributed to the high price of organic substrates as compared to synthetic plastics. As such, microalgal biomass presents a low-cost solution as feedstock for PHA synthesis. Photoautotrophic microalgae are ubiquitous in our ecosystem and thrive from utilizing easily accessible light, carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients. Biomass production from microalgae offers advantages that include high yields, effective carbon dioxide capture, efficient treatment of effluents and the usage of infertile land. Nevertheless, the success of large-scale PHA synthesis using microalgal biomass faces constraints that encompass the entire flow of the microalgal biomass production, i.e., from molecular aspects of the microalgae to cultivation conditions to harvesting and drying microalgal biomass along with the conversion of the biomass into PHA. This review discusses approaches such as optimization of growth conditions, improvement of the microalgal biomass manufacturing technologies as well as the genetic engineering of both microalgae and PHA-producing bacteria with the purpose of refining PHA production from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumar Sudesh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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10
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Photocatalytic mechanisms and photocatalyst deactivation during the degradation of 5-fluorouracil in water. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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López-Vinent N, Cruz-Alcalde A, Lai C, Giménez J, Esplugas S, Sans C. Role of sunlight and oxygen on the performance of photo-Fenton process at near neutral pH using organic fertilizers as iron chelates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149873. [PMID: 34525738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, reaction mechanisms of photo-Fenton process with chelated iron are not yet clearly defined. In this study, five organic fertilizers were used as iron complexes to investigate the role of sunlight and oxygen in photo-Fenton at near neutral pH. UV absorbance and stability constant of each selected iron chelate is different, and this work demonstrates that these parameters affect the reaction mechanisms in SMX degradation. Irradiation experiments without H2O2 revealed that only EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe achieved SMX degradation, but different iron release. These results, together with soluble oxygen free experiments, allowed the proposal of complementary reaction mechanisms to those of the classical photo-Fenton. The proposed mechanisms start through the potential photoexcitation of the iron complex, followed by subsequent oxygen-mediated hydroxyl radical generation reactions that are different for EDDS-Fe and DTPA-Fe. Moreover, irradiation experiments using EDTA-Fe and HEDTA-Fe had negligible SMX degradation despite iron release was observed, evidencing the differences between iron chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria López-Vinent
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cruz-Alcalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Giménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Esplugas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Sans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Roccamante M, Miralles-Cuevas S, Cabrera-Reina A, Oller I, Malato S. Evaluation of commercial zerovalent iron sources in combination with solar energy to remove microcontaminants from natural water at circumneutral pH. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131557. [PMID: 34293562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar zerovalent iron (ZVI) was studied at circumneutral pH in combination with hydrogen peroxide and persulfate for removal of imidacloprid as a model contaminant in natural water. Three commercial ZVI sources, steel wool (ZVI-SW) and two iron micro-powders (ZVI-MS and ZVI-S) were independently evaluated. First, different ZVI corrosion conditions were tested in contact with air, exposed to natural solar radiation and with addition of oxidants, such as H2O2 and S2O82-, demonstrating the importance of released iron. Then, the technical feasibilities of solar/H2O2/ZVI and solar/S2O82-/ZVI were assessed for the elimination of 1 mg/L of imidacloprid. In general, H2O2 concentrations and treatment times were high. Only ZVI-MS (1 mM) reached 80% imidacloprid degradation after 157 min and 3 mM (102 mg/L) of H2O2. Solar/S2O82-/ZVI performance was better, reaching >80% imidacloprid degradation in <60 min with 1 mM (192 mg/L) S2O82- for all ZVI sources. Efficiency was highest with ZVI-MS, which was therefore selected for feasibility testing of a microcontaminant (MC) mixture containing 100 μg/L each of atrazine, carbendazim, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam with both solar/oxidizing agents/ZVI. H2O2 took 180 min to achieve 76% degradation of the sum of MCs, while 80% total degradation was reached after 69 min by adding S2O82-, confirming its higher efficiency. Finally, this study showed that ZVI in combination with solar radiation does not enhance significantly the photocatalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roccamante
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Av. Ignacio Valdivieso, 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile.
| | - A Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la I+D+i, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Av. Ignacio Valdivieso, 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - I Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - S Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4, 04200, Tabernas, Almería, Spain; CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Sánchez Pérez JA, Salazar R. Application of solar photo-Fenton in raceway pond reactors: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149653. [PMID: 34426350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work critically reviews the present knowledge about the use of Raceway Pond Reactors (RPR) to treat municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) secondary effluents by solar photo-Fenton process. The possibility of using RPR to treat industrial wastewater, which has been barely explored, is also reviewed. Initially, the general concepts and operation principles of RPR are described as well as their origin for photo-Fenton applications. Then, the main results and advances related to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) removal, inactivation of microorganisms, industrial wastewater treatment and kinetic modelling are presented. Key aspects such as the impact of liquid depth, the continuous flow operation feasibility, the increase in treatment capacity, and the kinetic modelling are addressed along the review. At the end, main challenges and research gaps are identified, which should be the focuses of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera-Reina
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Avda. Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - R Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente, LEQMA, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Casilla 40, C.P. 33, Av. Libertador Bernardo ÓHiggins, 3363 Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
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Manufacturing and Application of 3D Printed Photo Fenton Reactors for Wastewater Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094885. [PMID: 34064341 PMCID: PMC8125145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing offers a new paradigm for designing and developing chemical reactors, in particular, prototypes. The use of 3D printers has been increasing, their performance has been improving, and their price has been reducing. While the general trend is clear, particular applications need to be assessed for their practicality. This study develops and follows a systematic approach to the prototyping of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) reactors. Specifically, this work evaluates and discusses different printable materials in terms of mechanical and chemical resistance to photo-Fenton reactants. Metallic and ceramic materials are shown to be impracticable due to their high printing cost. Polymeric and composite materials are sieved according to criteria such as biodegradability, chemical, thermal, and mechanical resistance. Finally, 3D-printed prototypes are produced and tested in terms of leakage and resistance to the photo-Fenton reacting environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) and wood-PLA composite (Timberfill®) were selected, and lab-scale raceway pond reactors (RPR) were printed accordingly. They were next exposed to H2O2/Fe(II) solutions at pH = 3 ± 0.2 and UV radiation. After 48 h reaction tests, results revealed that the Timberfill® reactor produced higher Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentrations (9.6 mg·L-1) than that obtained for the PLA reactor (5.5 mg·L-1) and Pyrex® reactor (5.2 mg·L-1), which suggests the interference of Timberfill® with the reaction. The work also considers and discusses further chemical and mechanical criteria that also favor PLA for 3D-printing Fenton and photo-Fenton reactors. Finally, the work also provides a detailed explanation of the printing parameters used and guidelines for preparing prototypes.
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Maniakova G, Salmerón I, Polo-López MI, Oller I, Rizzo L, Malato S. Simultaneous removal of contaminants of emerging concern and pathogens from urban wastewater by homogeneous solar driven advanced oxidation processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144320. [PMID: 33401038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of contaminants of emerging concern and bacteria inactivation in simulated municipal wastewater effluent (SMWW) through solar advanced oxidation processes, namely sunlight/H2O2 and solar photo-Fenton with Ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) at neutral pH was investigated. Process efficiency was evaluated in terms of (i) degradation of five contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, namely caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) at the initial concentration of 100 μgL-1 each and (ii) bacteria inactivation (E. coli, S. enteritidis and E. faecalis), at the initial concentration of 103 CFU mL-1 each. Solar photo-Fenton process was first investigated at lab scale in a solar simulator to evaluate the effect of iron concentration (0.1 mM and 0.05 mM) and Fe:EDDS ratio (1:2 and 1:1). Subsequently, sunlight/H2O2 and solar photo-Fenton with EDDS (molar ratio 1:1, Fe(III) 0.1 mM) at neutral pH were singularly and sequentially investigated at pilot scale in a raceway pond reactor. Sunlight/H2O2 (50 mg L-1) tests resulted in total bacteria inactivation in 60 min (0.69 kJ L-1) but low CECs removal efficiency. On the opposite, solar photo-Fenton was effective in the removal of the total CECs (87% removal after 20 min and 0.14 kJ L-1) but not in E. faecalis inactivation (the initial concentration did not change even after 180 min). However, when the two processes were operated sequentially, a complete bacteria inactivation was observed in 15 min (0.17 kJ L-1), 20 min (0.23 kJ L-1) and 60 min (0.70 kJ L-1) of treatment for E. coli, S. enteritidis and E. faecalis, respectively and 80% removal of total CECs was achieved after 10 min of Fe:EDDS addition. Sequential combination of sunlight/H2O2 and solar photo-Fenton would be an effective solution for simultaneous CECs removal and bacteria inactivation in the same photo-reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Maniakova
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Irene Salmerón
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Senés km 4, 04200 Tabernas, Almería, Spain.
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Prada-Vásquez MA, Estrada-Flórez SE, Serna-Galvis EA, Torres-Palma RA. Developments in the intensification of photo-Fenton and ozonation-based processes for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern in Ibero-American countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142699. [PMID: 33071126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, synthetic and natural hormones and industrial chemicals, are frequently released into the environment because of the inability of conventional processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants to remove them. Some examples of alternative options to remove such pollutants are photo-Fenton and ozone-based processes, which are two techniques widely studied in Ibero-American countries. In fact, this region has been responsible for delivering frequently publications and conferences on advanced oxidation processes. This work is a critical review of recent developments in the intensification of the two aforementioned advanced oxidation techniques for CECs elimination in the Ibero-American region. Specifically for the photo-Fenton process (pF), this study analyses strategies such as iron-complexation with artificial substances (e.g., oxalic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid) and natural compounds (such as humic-like substances, orange juice or polyphenols) and hybrid processes with ultrasound. Meanwhile, for ozonation, the enhancement of CECs degradation by adding hydrogen peroxide (i.e., peroxone), ultraviolet or solar light, and combining (i.e., photolytic ozonation) with catalysts (i.e., catalytic ozonation) was reviewed. Special attention was paid to how efficient these techniques are for removing contaminants from water matrices, and any potentialities and weak points of the intensified processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Prada-Vásquez
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Geociencias y Medioambiente, Colombia
| | - Sandra E Estrada-Flórez
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Efraím A Serna-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ricardo A Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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Antonopoulou M, Kosma C, Albanis T, Konstantinou I. An overview of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysis applications for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from real or synthetic hospital wastewaters under lab or pilot scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144163. [PMID: 33418323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades, Pharmaceutical Active Compounds (PhACs) have been considered as emerging contaminants due to their continuous release and persistence to aquatic environment even at low concentrations. A growing number of research articles have shown the occurrence of numerous PhACs in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters all over the world. The rising concern regarding PhACs, which present high recalcitrance towards conventional treatment methods, has provoked extensive research in the field of their effective remediation. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalytic applications for the removal of PhACs, from real or artificial hospital wastewater effluents. These two representative advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are assessed in terms of their efficiency to remove PhACs, reduce the COD and toxicity as well as increase the biodegradability of the effluent. Simultaneously with their efficiency the operational costs of the processes are considered. Their potential combination with other processes is critically discussed, as this option seems to enhance the treatment efficiency and simultaneously overcome the limitations of each individual process. Moreover, the type of reactors as well as the main parameters that should be considered for the design and the development of photoreactors for wastewater treatment are reviewed. Finally, based on the literature survey, indications for future work are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Christina Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Mejri A, Soriano-Molina P, Miralles-Cuevas S, Sánchez Pérez JA. Fe 3+-NTA as iron source for solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH in raceway pond reactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139617. [PMID: 32485381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work presents, for the first time, a kinetic study of the solar photo-Fenton process at neutral pH mediated by the Fe3+-NTA complex (molar ratio 1: 1) applied to remove contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). To this end, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) secondary effluents were treated in a raceway pond reactor (RPR) at pilot plant scale with 0.1 mM Fe3+-NTA and 0.88 mM H2O2 under average solar UVA irradiance of 35 W/m2. Sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, at 50 μg/L of initial concentration each, were selected as model CECs. Up to 40% of the sum of both model CECs was removed from simulated WWTP effluent by the Fe3+-NTA Fenton-like process, and >80% was removed by solar photo-Fenton. The effect of liquid depth in the reactor was evaluated, showing an increase of the treatment capacity from 12 mg CEC/m2·h to 18 mg CEC/m2·h when liquid depth increased from 5 to 15 cm. Afterwards, these results were validated with real WWTP effluents and compared with the results obtained with the Fe3+-EDDS complex under the same operating conditions. The same CEC removal rates were obtained with Fe3+-NTA and Fe3+-EDDS at 5 cm of liquid depth (kinetic constants of 0.110 min-1 and 0.046 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, respectively). Conversely, at 15 cm of liquid depth, the degradation rates were lower with Fe3+-NTA (kinetic constants of 0.034 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and 0.017 min-1 for imidacloprid), whereas with Fe3+-EDDS the values were 0.076 min-1 and 0.047 min-1 for sulfamethoxazole and imidacloprid, respectively. Regarding process cost estimation, the use of NTA as iron chelate for solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH at pilot plant scale resulted very cost-effective (0.13-0.14 €/m3) in comparison with the use of EDDS (0.46-0.48 €/m3) at the two liquid depths tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mejri
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia; National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Soukra road, Km 4, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Paula Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, Almería ES04120, Spain.
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Giménez BN, Conte LO, Alfano OM, Schenone AV. Paracetamol removal by photo-Fenton processes at near-neutral pH using a solar simulator: Optimization by D-optimal experimental design and toxicity evaluation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Arzate S, Campos-Mañas MC, Miralles-Cuevas S, Agüera A, García Sánchez JL, Sánchez Pérez JA. Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by continuous flow solar photo-Fenton process at neutral pH in open reactors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110265. [PMID: 32148322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the operational feasibility of the solar photo-Fenton process at neutral pH in continuous flow has been tested for three consecutive days. The aim of the treatment was to remove of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from wastewater treatment plant secondary effluents. To this end, a 5 cm-deep raceway pond reactor was run in continuous flow mode and the degradation of the CECs present in real secondary effluents was monitored at their natural concentrations. To keep dissolved iron at neutral pH, ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was used to form the complex Fe(III):EDDS as an iron source for the photo-Fenton reactions. At pilot scale the effects of the Fe(III):EDDS molar ratio (1:1 and 1:2) and hydraulic residence time (HRT) (20 and 40 min) on CEC removal were studied. The best operating condition was 20 min of HRT, giving rise to a treatment capacity of 900 L m-2 d-1 with CEC removal percentages of around 60%. The reactant concentrations were 0.1 mM Fe(III):EDDS at a 1:1 M ratio and 0.88 mM H2O2. Under these operating conditions, the short-term stability of the process was also demonstrated, thus pointing out the potential of this solar technology as a tertiary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arzate
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - M C Campos-Mañas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
| | - A Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, Spain
| | - J L García Sánchez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain.
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento S/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, Spain
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Abstract
Three different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been investigated for the degradation of the imidacloprid pesticide in water: photocatalysis, Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions. For these tests, we have compared the performance of two types of CeO2, employed as a non-conventional photocatalyst/Fenton-like material. The first one has been prepared by chemical precipitation with KOH, while the second one has been obtained by exposing the as-synthetized CeO2 to solar irradiation in H2 stream. This latter treatment led to obtain a more defective CeO2 (coded as “grey CeO2”) with the formation of Ce3+ sites on the surface of CeO2, as determined by Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations. This peculiar feature has been demonstrated as beneficial for the solar photo–Fenton reaction, with the best performance exhibited by the grey CeO2. On the contrary, the bare CeO2 showed a photocatalytic activity higher with respect to the grey CeO2, due to the higher exposed surface area and the lower band-gap. The easy synthetic procedures of CeO2 reported here, allows to tune and modify the physico-chemical properties of CeO2, allowing a choice of different CeO2 samples on the basis of the specific AOPs for water remediation. Furthermore, neither of the samples have shown any critical toxicity.
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Maniakova G, Kowalska K, Murgolo S, Mascolo G, Libralato G, Lofrano G, Sacco O, Guida M, Rizzo L. Comparison between heterogeneous and homogeneous solar driven advanced oxidation processes for urban wastewater treatment: Pharmaceuticals removal and toxicity. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rizzo L, Gernjak W, Krzeminski P, Malato S, McArdell CS, Perez JAS, Schaar H, Fatta-Kassinos D. Best available technologies and treatment trains to address current challenges in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation of crops in EU countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136312. [PMID: 32050367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are poorly effective in the removal of most contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARB&ARGs). These contaminants result in some concern for the environment and human health, in particular if UWTPs effluents are reused for crop irrigation. Recently, stakeholders' interest further increased in Europe, because the European Commission is currently developing a regulation on water reuse. Likely, conventional UWTPs will require additional advanced treatment steps to meet water quality limits yet to be officially established for wastewater reuse. Even though it seems that CECs will not be included in the proposed regulation, the aim of this paper is to provide a technical contribution to this discussion as well as to support stakeholders by recommending possible advanced treatment options, in particular with regard to the removal of CECs and ARB&ARGs. Taking into account the current knowledge and the precautionary principle, any new or revised water-related Directive should address such contaminants. Hence, this review paper gathers the efforts of a group of international experts, members of the NEREUS COST Action ES1403, who for three years have been constructively discussing the efficiency of the best available technologies (BATs) for urban wastewater treatment to abate CECs and ARB&ARGs. In particular, ozonation, activated carbon adsorption, chemical disinfectants, UV radiation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane filtration are discussed with regard to their capability to effectively remove CECs and ARB&ARGs, as well as their advantages and drawbacks. Moreover, a comparison among the above-mentioned processes is performed for CECs relevant for crop uptake. Finally, possible treatment trains including the above-discussed BATs are discussed, issuing end-use specific recommendations which will be useful to UWTPs managers to select the most suitable options to be implemented at their own facilities to successfully address wastewater reuse challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pawel Krzeminski
- Section of Systems Engineering and Technology, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sixto Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería (CIEMAT), Carretera de Senés, km. 4, Tabernas, Almería 04200, Spain; Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jose Antonio Sanchez Perez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Universitiy of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, ES04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Heidemarie Schaar
- Technische Universität Wien, Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Karlsplatz 13/2261, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas, International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Prato-Garcia D, Robayo-Avendaño A. Treatment of a synthetic colored effluent in raceway reactors: The role of operational conditions on the environmental performance of a photo-Fenton process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134182. [PMID: 32380627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the environmental and economic performance of a photo-Fenton process in a raceway reactor at laboratory scale. For the best operational condition (BOC) identified (dye = 55.0 mg/L, H2O2/dye = 0.862 mg/L, Fe2+/dye = 0.184) a carbon footprint (CFP) of 1.335 kg CO2 Eqv/m3 was obtained. Consumption of electrical energy, construction materials, and reagents represent 97.2% (1.298 kg CO2 Eqv/m3) of the CFP. Similarly, ReCiPe-2016 v1.1 evidenced that these activities play an important role on the environmental performance of the process because their relative impact ranged from 96.5% to 99.7% at least in 14 of the 18 categories considered by this method. It should be noted that the CFP is scarcely sensitive to variations in the use of cement, steel, H2O2, and NaOH as a 50.0% increase in their expenditure increases the CFP in 4.4%, 5.0%, 5.9%, and 7.2%, respectively. A 50.0% increment in electricity consumption increased the CFP in 20.7% whereas categories related to acidification, eutrophication, resources depletion, and toxicity-related impacts had significant increments (20.0%-34.0%) in the emissions of substances used for impact characterization. BOC led to the lowest treatment cost (US$0.540/m3) and a CFP between 5- and 10-times lower than that reported for solar tubular reactors. Also, higher proportions of H2O2 (H2O2/dye = 1.200-1.800) and Fe2+ (Fe2+/dye = 0.200-0.300) increased cost in 1.9%-5.6% but reduced the CFP in 1.2%-3.7%. Finally, our results evidenced that it is possible to increase the raceway reactor's capacity by increasing the depth of the reactor without affecting the effluent quality. When the depth of the reaction medium went from 3 cm to 6 cm, the treatment capacity (TC) was increased 102.4%, and a 33.3% diminution in the CFP and of 29.1% in the treatment cost occurred. An increase from 3 cm to 9 cm rose the TC up to 204.4% and reduced the CFP (44.4%) and treatment cost (39.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Prato-Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Palmira, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Carrera 32 No. 12 - 00, Chapinero, Vía Candelaria, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
| | - Angélica Robayo-Avendaño
- Universidad Santiago de Cali, Campus Pampalinda, Facultad de Ingeniería, Calle 5 No. 62-00, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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25
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Mejri A, Soriano-Molina P, Miralles-Cuevas S, Trabelsi I, Sánchez Pérez JA. Effect of liquid depth on microcontaminant removal by solar photo-Fenton with Fe(III):EDDS at neutral pH in high salinity wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:28071-28079. [PMID: 31359317 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In arid Mediterranean countries, such as Tunisia, wastewater often has high salinity, being an obstacle to the elimination of microcontaminants for the reuse of water in agriculture. In this paper, the photo-Fenton process in raceway pond reactors (RPRs) has been successfully applied to a simulated secondary effluent from a Tunisian urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), with high chloride load. A mixture of three contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) was used as model pollutants at 50 μg/L each (one antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole and two pesticides, pyrimicarb and imidacloprid). All the assays were conducted at neutral pH with 0.1 mM Fe(III):EDDS at 1:1 molar ratio. The effect of hydrogen peroxide initial concentration (20, 30, and 90 mg/L) on microcontaminant removal was studied. Different liquid depths (5 and 15 cm) were selected to assess the relationship between the microcontaminant removal and the volumetric rate of photon absorption (VRPA). Although the reaction rate was initially photo-limited, after a short reaction time of 15 min, the final yield (≈ 80% of CEC removal) was limited by the photo-degradation of the Fe(III):EDDS complex and excess H2O2 was found at all concentrations used. Therefore, treatment times below 15 min should be used. The treatment capacity was three times higher when the liquid depth was increased from 5 to 15 cm. For the first time, these results show that the operation of a 15 cm-deep RPR in continuous flow mode would be suitable for large-scale implementation of the solar photo-Fenton process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Mejri
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Soukra road, Km 4, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Paula Soriano-Molina
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sara Miralles-Cuevas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ismail Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment and Recycling, Research and Technology Center of Water, University of Carthage, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - José Antonio Sánchez Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain.
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra de Sacramento s/n, ES04120, Almería, Spain.
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Miralles-Cuevas S, Oller I, Ruíz-Delgado A, Cabrera-Reina A, Cornejo-Ponce L, Malato S. EDDS as complexing agent for enhancing solar advanced oxidation processes in natural water: Effect of iron species and different oxidants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:129-136. [PMID: 29588104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this pilot plant study was to compare degradation of five microcontaminants (MCs) (antipyrine, carbamazepine, caffeine, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole at 100 μg/L) by solar photo-Fenton mediated by EDDS and solar/Fe:EDDS/S2O82-. The effects of the Fe:EDDS ratio (1:1 and 1:2), initial iron species (Fe(II) or Fe(III) at 0.1 mM) and oxidizing agent (S2O82- or H2O2 at 0.25-1.5 mM) were evaluated. The higher the S2O82- concentration, the faster MC degradation was, with S2O82- consumption always below 0.6 mM and similar degradation rates with Fe(II) and Fe(III). Under the best conditions (Fe 0.1 mM, Fe:EDDS 1:1, S2O82- 1 mM) antipyrine, carbamazepine, caffeine, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole at 100 μg/L where 90% eliminated applying a solar energy of 2 kJ/L (13 min at 30 W/m2 solar radiation <400 nm). Therefore, S2O82- promotes lower consumption of EDDS as Fe:EDDS 1:1 was better than Fe:EDDS 1:2. In photo-Fenton-like processes at circumneutral pH, EDDS with S2O82- is an alternative to H2O2 as an oxidizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miralles-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas, LIMZA, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Mecánica (EUDIM). Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - I Oller
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4.5, 04200 Tabernas (Almería), Spain; CIESOL, Joint Research Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - A Ruíz-Delgado
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4.5, 04200 Tabernas (Almería), Spain; CIESOL, Joint Research Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Cabrera-Reina
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas, LIMZA, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Mecánica (EUDIM). Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - L Cornejo-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas, LIMZA, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile; Escuela Universitaria de Ingeniería Mecánica (EUDIM). Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - S Malato
- Plataforma Solar de Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra Senés km 4.5, 04200 Tabernas (Almería), Spain; CIESOL, Joint Research Centre of the University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
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27
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Metallurgical Wastes Employed as Catalysts and Photocatalysts for Water Treatment: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metallurgical slags are a mass-produced industrial solid waste, often destined to landfills; the volumes disposed represent an environmental burden. Over the last three decades, applications have been found for these wastes, mainly as a low-cost additive in building materials. More recently, their unique chemical properties have attracted attention to produce high-added-value materials for environmental applications, to be used as adsorbents, catalysts, or a source of reactive species in environmental engineering. Such uses can be classified as a function of the added value generated, technological complexity, and environmental impact. This review will focus specifically on the modification and use of slags for catalysis, photocatalysis, and photocatalytic production of hydrogen, which have received relatively little attention in literature. A summary will be presented about the general requirements for using unmodified slags as well as slag processed under alkaline or acidic conditions for advanced oxidation processes. Then, an overview will be given of the use of slags as photocatalysts in water treatment, organized according to the origin of the product (steel, copper, magnesium, ferromanganese), as well as emerging reports on the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, in contrast to the use of highly specific titania-based products developed for the same purpose.
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28
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Cabrera-Reina A, Miralles-Cuevas S, Rivas G, Sánchez Pérez JA. Comparison of different detoxification pilot plants for the treatment of industrial wastewater by solar photo-Fenton: Are raceway pond reactors a feasible option? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:601-608. [PMID: 30121537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents a first approach in the study of photoreactor selection to treat industrial wastewater using solar photo-Fenton. In this context, simulated textile industry effluent containing a mixture of four dyes at different initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (45, 90, 180 and 270 mg/L) was treated by using three different solar reactor geometries: (i) tubular (5 cm diameter) provided with compound parabolic collector (ii) tubular (5 cm diameter) provided with flat collector and (iii) open channels forming raceway ponds with two liquid depths (5 and 15 cm). For comparison purposes, mineralisation percentages over 75% and chronic toxicity reduction were set as treatment goals. Regardless of the initial DOC concentration, negligible differences in terms of treatment time and hydrogen peroxide consumptions were found between the flat collector and compound parabolic collector photoreactors. Conversely, the treatment in the raceway pond reactors always resulted in higher values. In spite of this, when the photoreactors were compared in terms of treatment capacity (mg of DOC removed/m2 min) the raceway pond reactor at 15 cm of liquid depth presented the best results, with values as much as two or three times higher than those of the tubular reactors, except for the wastewater with 270 mg of DOC/L for which the raceway pond reactor at 5 cm liquid depth became the best option. When the treatment capacity is modified to include the photoreactor investment (mg of DOC removed/€ m2) the differences between the raceway pond reactor at both liquid depths and the photoreactors with solar collectors increased by as much as two orders of magnitude, which demonstrates the potential application of the former for the treatment of industrial wastewater by solar photo-Fenton.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cabrera-Reina
- University School of Mechanical Engineering (EUDIM), University of Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - S Miralles-Cuevas
- University School of Mechanical Engineering (EUDIM), University of Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - G Rivas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones de Energía Solar (CIESOL), Joint centre University of Almería - CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
| | - J A Sánchez Pérez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones de Energía Solar (CIESOL), Joint centre University of Almería - CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
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Durán A, Monteagudo JM, San Martín I. Operation costs of the solar photo-catalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in water: A mini-review. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:482-488. [PMID: 30081220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceuticals present in wastewater is receiving more and more attention since most of them are refractory to traditional biological treatments. Many advanced oxidation processes have been reported in literature. However, cost estimations are not available for most of them. Recently, more environment friendly processes using solar radiation are gaining importance. The solar photo-Fenton process has been used with different reactor configurations and scales and seems to be the most promising technology for reducing operation costs. In addition, the use of ferrioxalate-aided systems allows the use of pHs close to neutrality, that reduces costs before disposal (not calculated here). The possible use of photovoltaic panels for an energy-free process makes it very interesting for an economic evaluation. Results for the homogeneous solar photo-Fenton process show that when pure compounds are present in water, mineralization is in the range 18-21% with an estimated operation cost of 0.739-0.85 €/m3. An increase in mineralization up to 60-80.6% requires either the use of ferrioxalate (slightly increasing costs to 1.1-1.56 €/m3) or the addition of very high concentration of H2O2, that rises costs substantially. The presence of pharmaceuticals in a Waste Water Treatment Plant effluent reduces mineralization (maximum of 20%) also increasing costs. On the other hand, published results confirm that heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 (both suspended or immobilized) is still far to compete with homogeneous photo-Fenton process in operation costs. The development of new reactor systems and modified photo-catalysts are needed to compete as an efficient applicable technology in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Durán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, ETSII, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José María Monteagudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, ETSII, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Israel San Martín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Grupo IMAES, ETSII, Instituto de Investigaciones Energéticas y Aplicaciones Industriales (INEI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 3, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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30
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Wild bacteria inactivation in WWTP secondary effluents by solar photo-fenton at neutral pH in raceway pond reactors. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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