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Çelik S, Kutlu N, Gerçek YC, Bayram S, Pandiselvam R, Bayram NE. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Compounds from Bee Pollen with Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223652. [PMID: 36429245 PMCID: PMC9689732 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in green extraction methods and green solvents due to their many advantages. In this study, the effects of an ultrasonic extraction method and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the extraction of different bioactive substances from bee pollen were investigated. In this regard, the effects of process variables such as the molar ratio of the DES (1, 1.5, and 2), sonication time (15, 30, and 45 min), and ultrasonic power (90, 135 and 180 W) on total individual amino acids, total individual organic acids, and total individual phenolic compounds were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were found to be a molar ratio of 2, sonication time of 45 min, and ultrasonic power of 180 W (R2 = 0.84). Extracts obtained via the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent were evaluated as the control group. Compared with the control group, the total individual amino acid and total individual organic acid values were higher using DESs. In addition, compounds such as myricetin, kaempferol, and quercetin were extracted at higher concentrations using DESs compared to controls. The results obtained in antimicrobial activity tests showed that the DES groups had broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against all bacterial samples, without exception. However, in yeast-like fungus samples, this inhibition effect was negligibly low. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of DESs on the extraction of bioactive substances from bee pollen. The obtained results show that this innovative and green extraction technique/solvent (ultrasonic extraction/DES) can be used successfully to obtain important bioactive compounds from bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Çelik
- Technology Research and Development Application and Research Center, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
| | - Naciye Kutlu
- Department of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69500, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Can Gerçek
- Centre for Plant and Herbal Products Research-Development, Istanbul 34134, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Sinan Bayram
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69000, Turkey
| | - Ravi Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod 671124, India
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Nesrin Ecem Bayram
- Department of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, Bayburt 69500, Turkey
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (N.E.B.)
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Wang Z, Buechel R, Jiang Y, Wang L, Xu H, Castignolles P, Gaborieau M, Lafon O, Amoureux JP, Hunger M, Baiker A, Huang J. Engineering the Distinct Structure Interface of Subnano-alumina Domains on Silica for Acidic Amorphous Silica-Alumina toward Biorefining. JACS AU 2021; 1:262-271. [PMID: 34467291 PMCID: PMC8395625 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica-aluminas (ASAs) are important solid catalysts and supports for many industrially essential and sustainable processes, such as hydrocarbon transformation and biorefining. However, the wide distribution of acid strength on ASAs often results in undesired side reactions, lowering the product selectivity. Here we developed a strategy for the synthesis of a unique class of ASAs with unvarying strength of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) using double-flame-spray pyrolysis. Structural characterization using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that the uniform acidity is due to a distinct nanostructure, characterized by a uniform interface of silica-alumina and homogeneously dispersed alumina domains. The BAS population density of as-prepared ASAs is up to 6 times higher than that obtained by classical methods. The BAS/LAS ratio, as well as the population densities of BAS and LAS of these ASAs, could be tuned in a broad range. In cyclohexanol dehydration, the uniform Brønsted acid strength provides a high selectivity to cyclohexene and a nearly linear correlation between acid site densities and cyclohexanol conversion. Moreover, the concerted action of these BAS and LAS leads to an excellent bifunctional Brønsted-Lewis acid catalyst for glucose dehydration, affording a superior 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Wang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
& Sydney Nano Institute, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Robert Buechel
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zuürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zuürich, Switzerland
| | - Yijiao Jiang
- Department
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
& Sydney Nano Institute, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Haimei Xu
- Department
of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Patrice Castignolles
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales 2150, Australia
| | - Marianne Gaborieau
- Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, New South Wales 2150, Australia
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8181, UCCS-Unité de Catalyse
et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Paul Amoureux
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, UMR 8181, UCCS-Unité de Catalyse
et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
- Bruker
Biospin, 34, rue de l’industrie, 67166 Wissembourg, France
- Riken
NMR Science and Development Division, Yokohama, 230-0045 Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michael Hunger
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfons Baiker
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, HCI,
Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jun Huang
- Laboratory
for Catalysis Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
& Sydney Nano Institute, The University
of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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MOF Embedded and Cu Doped CeO2 Nanostructures as Efficient Catalyst for Adipic Acid Production: Green Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Greatly efficient chemical processes are customarily based upon a catalyst activating the process pathway to achieve higher yields of a product with desired specifications. Catalysts capable of achieving good performance without compromising green credentials are a pre-requisite for the development of a sustainable process. In this study, CeO2 nanoparticles were tested for their catalytic activity with two different configurations, one as a hybrid of CeO2 nanoparticles with Zeolitic Immidazole Framework (ZIF-67) and second being doped Cu cations into CeO2 nanoparticles. Physicochemical and catalytic activity was investigated and compared for both systems. Each hybrid was synthesized by embedding the CeO2 nanoparticles into the microporous structure of ZIF-67, and Cu doped CeO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a facile hydrothermal route. As a catalytic test, it was employed for the oxidation of cyclohexene to adipic acid (AA) as an alternative to expensive noble metal-based catalysts. Heterogeneous ZIF-67/CeO2 found catalytical activity towards the oxidation of cyclohexene with nearly complete conversion of cyclohexene into AA under moderate and co-catalyst free reaction conditions, whereas Cu doped CeO2 nanoparticles have shown no catalytic activity towards cyclohexene conversion, depicting the advantages of the porous ZIF-67 structure and its synergistic effect with CeO2 nanoparticles. The large surface area catalyst could be a viable option for the green synthesis of many other chemicals.
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Sadgar AL, Deore TS, Jayaram RV. Pickering Interfacial Catalysis-Knoevenagel Condensation in Magnesium Oxide-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:12224-12235. [PMID: 32548405 PMCID: PMC7271354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel catalytic route for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction has been developed by Pickering interfacial catalysis using magnesium oxide (MgO) as both an emulsion stabilizer and a base catalyst. MgO was prepared by the precipitation method using sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide as the precipitating agent and calcined at different temperatures. The calcined samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET, and DLS techniques. The catalytic application of the emulsions stabilized by MgO was investigated for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and its derivatives with malononitrile. All of the reactions were carried out at an ambient temperature (30 °C) under static conditions without stirring. Both the emulsion-stabilizing ability and the catalytic activity of MgO were found to be affected by the method of preparation, calcination temperature, and the nature of the oil phase. It was observed that the method of preparation varied the texture and morphology of MgO and thus the stability and droplet size of the emulsion formed. This was further reflected in the catalytic activity. The highest yield (87%) of the condensation product was obtained with MgO prepared by precipitation using a strong base (NaOH) and further calcined at 400 °C. The developed catalytic system offers several green chemistry advantages such as reusable solid-base catalyst and use of a single material as both emulsion stabilizer and catalyst. Room-temperature reaction under static conditions is an additional advantage of the developed catalytic system.
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