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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Plech T, Kaproń B, Makuch-Kocka A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Misiurek J, Buszewski B, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts by Liquid Chromatography and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxic Activity against Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076360. [PMID: 37047332 PMCID: PMC10093986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new substances with cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, especially cells that are very resistant to currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as melanoma cells, is a very important scientific aspect. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis extracts obtained from different parts of these plants collected at various vegetation stages on FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Almost all the tested extracts showed higher cytotoxicity against these cancer cells than the anticancer drug etoposide. The highest cytotoxicity against the FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines was obtained for the Sanguinaria candensis extract collected before flowering. The cytotoxicity of extracts obtained from different parts of Chelidonium majus collected at various vegetation stages was also evaluated on melanoma cells (A375, G361 and SK-MEL-3). The highest cytotoxic activity against melanoma A375 cells was observed for the Chelidonium majus root extract, with an IC50 of 12.65 μg/mL. The same extract was the most cytotoxic against SK-MEL-3 cells (IC50 = 1.93 μg/mL), while the highest cytotoxic activity against G361 cells was observed after exposure to the extract obtained from the herb of the plant. The cytotoxic activity of Chelidonium majus extracts against melanoma cells was compared with the cytotoxicity of the following anticancer drugs: etoposide, cisplatin and hydroxyurea. In most cases, the IC50 values obtained for the anticancer drugs were higher than those obtained for the Chelidonium majus extracts. The most cytotoxic extract obtained from the root of Chelidonium majus was selected for in vivo cytotoxic activity investigations using a Danio rerio larvae xenograft model. The model was applied for the first time in the in vivo investigations of the extract’s anticancer potential. The application of Danio rerio larvae xenografts in cancer research is advantageous because of the transparency and ease of compound administration, the small size and the short duration and low cost of the experiments. The results obtained in the xenograft model confirmed the great effect of the investigated extract on the number of cancer cells in a living organism. Our investigations show that the investigated plant extracts exhibit very high cytotoxic activity and can be recommended for further experiments in order to additionally confirm their potential use in the treatment of various human cancers.
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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The Effect of Dark Septate Endophytic Fungi on Mahonia oiwakensis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081723. [PMID: 34451768 PMCID: PMC8401445 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to discuss the effects of dark septate endophytes (DSE) on the growth promotion and berberine concentration in Mahonia oiwakensis, whose extract (MOE) has been suggested to have potential therapeutic effects against human lung cancer. First, as per phylogenetic analysis, the strains were divided into four groups: CkDB2, CkDB5, MoAL2 and MoAL5. All of these were DSEs, which could form microsclerotia in M. oiwakensis. The growth response experiment revealed that inoculation of the plant with MoAL5 and CkDB5 promoted an increase in the total fresh weight of the seedlings. Chemical composition analysis showed that seedlings inoculated with CkDB5 had the highest berberine concentration. These results showed that some DSEs have the ability to promote growth and induce phytochemical responses in the host plant.
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Kaproń B, Makuch-Kocka A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Misiurek J, Szymczak G, Buszewski B. Determination of Cytotoxic Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Plant Extracts Obtained from Various Parts of Mahonia aquifolium Collected in Various Vegetation Seasons. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040816. [PMID: 33557343 PMCID: PMC7915140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that begins in cells known as melanocytes. While it is less common than the other forms of skin cancer, melanoma is more dangerous because of its ability to spread to other organs more rapidly if it is not treated at an early stage. The number of people diagnosed with melanoma has increased over the last few decades. The most widely used treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The search for new drugs to treat various cancers is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. Some isoquinoline alkaloids found in different plant species have strong cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. We tested the effect of isoquinoline alkaloids and extracts obtained from various parts of Mahonia aquifolium collected in various vegetation seasons on human melanoma cancer cells and our data indicated that investigated extract induced significant reduction in cell viability of Human malignant melanoma cells (A375), human Caucasian malignant melanoma cell line (G361), and human malignant melanoma cell line (SKMEL3 cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Differences in cytotoxic activity were observed for extracts obtained from various parts of Mahonia aquifolium. Significant differences were also obtained in the alkaloids content and cytotoxic activity of the extracts depending on the season of collection of plant material. Our investigations exhibit that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments in order to confirm the possibility of their use in the treatment of human melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +48-664772307 (T.T.); +48-510664914 (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +48-664772307 (T.T.); +48-510664914 (A.P.)
| | - Barbara Kaproń
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Makuch-Kocka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (B.B.)
| | - Justyna Misiurek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Szymczak
- Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, University in Lublin, Sławinkowska 3, 20-810 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (B.B.)
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Damjanović A, Kolundžija B, Matić IZ, Krivokuća A, Zdunić G, Šavikin K, Janković R, Stanković JA, Stanojković TP. Mahonia aquifolium Extracts Promote Doxorubicin Effects against Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2020; 25:E5233. [PMID: 33182665 PMCID: PMC7697947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahonia aquifolium and its secondary metabolites have been shown to have anticancer potential. We performed MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays; analyzed cell cycle phase distribution and doxorubicin uptake and retention with flow cytometry; and detected alterations in the expression of genes involved in the formation of cell-cell interactions and migration using quantitative real-time PCR following treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cells with doxorubicin, M. aquifolium extracts, or their combination. MTT assay results suggested strong synergistic effects of the combined treatments, and their application led to an increase in cell numbers in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle. Both extracts were shown to prolong doxorubicin retention time in cancer cells, while the application of doxorubicin/extract combination led to a decrease in MMP9 expression. Furthermore, cells treated with doxorubicin/extract combinations were shown to have lower migratory and colony formation potentials than untreated cells or cells treated with doxorubicin alone. The obtained results suggest that nontoxic M. aquifolium extracts can enhance the activity of doxorubicin, thus potentially allowing the application of lower doxorubicin doses in vivo, which may decrease its toxic effects in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Damjanović
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Branka Kolundžija
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Ivana Z. Matić
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Ana Krivokuća
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Gordana Zdunić
- Department for Pharmaceutical Investigations and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, Dr. Josif Pančić, 11 070 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.Z.); (K.Š.)
| | - Katarina Šavikin
- Department for Pharmaceutical Investigations and Development, Institute for Medicinal Plant Research, Dr. Josif Pančić, 11 070 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.Z.); (K.Š.)
| | - Radmila Janković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
| | - Jelena Antić Stanković
- Department for Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11 221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana P. Stanojković
- Department for Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (B.K.); (I.Z.M.); (A.K.); (R.J.); (T.P.S.)
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Xiao Q, Feng T, Yu Y. The complete chloroplast genome of Mahonia oiwakensis (Berberidaceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:692-694. [PMID: 33366706 PMCID: PMC7748878 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1714500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahonia oiwakensis is a frequently-used traditional Chinese medicinal plant with efficient anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory ability. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of M. oiwakensis. The complete cp genome of M. oiwakensis is 165,126 bp in length, and has a typical structure with large (LSC 73,382 bp) and small (SSC 18,644 bp) single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs 36,550 bp) of large size. The M. oiwakensis cp genome contains 148 genes, of which 103 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that M. oiwakensis closely clustered with Mahonia bealei, but were nested among three speices of Berberis, which robustly supports that Mahonia is not monophyletic, thus needs redefinition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Xiao
- School of Ecological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Wetland Eco-engineering of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, China
| | - Tu Feng
- School of Ecological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Wetland Eco-engineering of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and EcoEnvironment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Antitumoral and Immunomodulatory Effect of Mahonia aquifolium Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6439021. [PMID: 31949880 PMCID: PMC6948282 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6439021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prodrug potential of Mahonia aquifolium, a plant used for centuries in traditional medicine, recently gained visibility in the literature, and the activity of several active compounds isolated from its extracts was studied on biologic systems in vitro and in vivo. Whereas the antioxidative and antitumor activities of M. aquifolium-derived compounds were studied at some extent, there are very few data about their outcome on the immune system and tumor cells. To elucidate the M. aquifolium potential immunomodulatory and antiproliferative effects, the bark, leaf, flower, green fruit, and ripe fruit extracts from the plant were tested on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor cells. The extracts exert fine-tuned control on the immune response, by modulating the CD25 lymphocyte activation pathway, the interleukin-10 signaling, and the tumor necrosis-alpha secretion in four distinct human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations. M. aquifolium extracts exhibit a moderate cytotoxicity and changes in the signaling pathways linked to cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of the tumor cells. These results open perspectives to further investigation of the M. aquifolium extract prodrug potential.
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Fayi MA, Alamri A, Rajagopalan P. IOX-101 Reverses Drug Resistance Through Suppression of Akt/mTOR/NF-κB Signaling in Cancer Stem Cell-Like, Sphere-Forming NSCLC Cell. Oncol Res 2019; 28:177-189. [PMID: 31771696 PMCID: PMC7851539 DOI: 10.3727/096504019x15746768080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery research to fight lung cancer is incessantly challenged by drug resistance. In this study, we used drug-resistant lung cancer stem like cells (A549-CS) to compare the efficacy of standard drugs like cisplatin (DDP) and gemcitabine (GEM) with a novel arylidene derivative IOX-101. A549-CS was derived from regular A549 cells by growing in special media. Resistance proteins were detected using Western blotting. Cell proliferations were assessed by MTT assay. Cytokine release was enumerated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of drugs on apoptosis and cell cycle was studied with flow cytometry protocols. Apoptosis-related proteins, caspases, and other signaling protein expressions like Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were assessed by Western blotting. Expression of CD133 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation was assessed using flow cytometry. A549-CS showed significant increase in CD133 expression in comparison with A549 cells. Expression of resistance markers like MDR-1, lung resistance protein (LRP), and GST-II were detected in A549-CS. While DDP and GEM had relatively lower efficacy in A549-CS, IOX-101 inhibited the proliferation of both A549 and A549-CS with GI50 values of 268 and 296.5 nM, respectively. IOX-101 increased the sub-G0 phase in the cell cycle of A549-CS and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis revealed activation of caspases, Bax, and reduction in Bcl-2 levels. Further mechanistic investigation revealed IOX-101 to deactivate Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB signaling in A549-CS cells. Additionally, IOX-101 treatment to A549-CS also reversed MDR-1 and LRP expressions. Collectively, our results demonstrate efficacy of IOX-101 in A549-CS, which was resistant against the tested standard drugs. The activity was mediated by suppressing Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al Fayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
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Liu L, Cui ZX, Yang XW, Xu W, Zhang YB, Li FJ, Gong Y, Liu NF, Peng KF, Zhang P. Simultaneous characterisation of multiple Mahonia fortunei bioactive compounds in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS for application in pharmacokinetic studies and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113013. [PMID: 31806398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The stems of Mahonia fortunei (MF) are commonly used in Chinese Traditional Medicine and contain multiple bioactive compounds, including 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 5-hydroxypicolinic acid methyl ester (2), acortatarin A (3), syringic acid (4), 9-epi-acortatarin A (5), vomifoliol (6), corydaldine (7), noroxyhydrastinine (8), columbamine (9), jatrorrhizine (10), palmatine (11), berberine (12) and schisandrin (13). The pharmacokinetics of these 13 compounds in the rat plasma were assessed using a novel sensitive, rapid, and specific UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method after oral administration of an aqueous extract of MF stems. Carbamazepine was employed as the internal standard (IS) and all samples were precipitated with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column using a gradient elution at 0.3 mL/min, with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.06 % formic acid and 5 mM ammonium acetate aqueous solution. The calibration curves showed satisfactory linearity in the examination area (r2 ≥ 0.99). The accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were within acceptable ranges. The method successfully assessed the pharmacokinetics of these 13 compounds. In vitro, compound 12 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against production of nitric oxide (NO) in the RAW264.7 cell line when stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while compounds 7, 12, and 13 were the most potent inhibitors of NO production in the BV2 cell line when stimulated by LPS. The IC50 values of compounds 7, 12 and 13 were 42.81, 20.55 and 22.74 μM. We conclude that these compounds have promise for clinical application, although their synergistic action may be more effective than that by any single compound alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ze-Xu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fu-Jun Li
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412003, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412003, China
| | - Ni-Fu Liu
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412003, China
| | - Kai-Feng Peng
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412003, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412003, China
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Petruczynik A, Plech T, Tuzimski T, Misiurek J, Kaproń B, Misiurek D, Szultka-Młyńska M, Buszewski B, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia Aquifolia; Meconopsis Cambrica; Corydalis Lutea; Dicentra Spectabilis; Fumaria Officinalis; Macleaya Cordata Extracts by HPLC-DAD and Comparison of Their Cytotoxic Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100575. [PMID: 31581717 PMCID: PMC6832497 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids have protective functions for plants and can play an important role in living organisms. Alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Many of them have cytotoxic activity. Nowadays, cancer has become a serious public health problem. Searching for effective drugs with anticancer activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the investigation of cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from Corydalis lutea root and herb, Dicentra spectabilis root and herb, Fumaria officinalis, Macleaya cordata leaves and herb, Mahonia aquifolia leaves and cortex, Meconopsis cambrica root and herb on FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of these extracts has not been previously tested for these cell lines. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). Cytotoxic effect of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu), human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-25), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). All investigated plant extracts possess cytotoxic activity against tested cancer cell lines: FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The highest cytotoxic activity against FaDu, SCC-25, and MCF-7 cell lines was estimated for Macleaya cordata leaf extract, while the highest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cell line was obtained for Macleaya cordata herb extract. Differences in cytotoxic activity were observed for extracts obtained from various parts of investigated plants. In almost all cases the cytotoxic activity of investigated plant extracts, especially at the highest concentration against tested cell lines was significantly higher than the activity of anticancer drug etoposide. Our investigations exhibit that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Misiurek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Kaproń
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Misiurek
- Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Sławinkowska 3, 20-810 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry Gagarina 7, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Rezadoost MH, Kumleh HH, Ghasempour A. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in breast cancer, skin cancer and glioblastoma cells by plant extracts. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5131-5142. [PMID: 31317456 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04970-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants can be candidate as a common alternative for cancer treatment according to natural landscaping and native plants in each country. The aim of this study was the evaluations of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest induction by using seven leaves extracts of Catharanthus roseus, Calystegia sepium, Berberis integerrima, Mahonia fortunei, Melia azedarach, Plantago major, Betula pendula and one bulb extract of Narcissus tazetta. Extracts were assessed on three cancer cell lines including MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A431 epidermal cell line, and U87-MG glioma cell line that were compared to HGF-1 as normal cells. According to analysis of MTT, methanolic extract of C. sepium leaves increased significantly the rate of cell death in all cancer cell lines when compared to HGF-1 as normal cells. Among different extracts, methanolic extract of C. roseus leaves and methanolic extract of C. sepium leaves indicated a crucial role in apoptosis of cancer cells according to evidences from MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis assay. Doxorubicin has been used as standard drug to compare with IC50 s of different extracts. In addition, the encapsulation of methanolic and ethanolic extracts in small unilamellar vesicles form (SUV) increased the cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines and normal cells. Our results indicated that different extracts can differently affect the cytotoxicity rate in variety of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Rezadoost
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassani Kumleh
- Plant Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghasempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Rajagopalan P, Hakami A, Ragab M, Elbessoumy A. FCY-302, a Novel Small Molecule, Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia and Myeloma Cells by Attenuating Key Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Enzymes. Oncol Res 2019; 27:957-964. [PMID: 31046873 PMCID: PMC7848260 DOI: 10.3727/096504019x15555428221646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylidene analogs are well proven for biological activities. FCY-302, a novel small molecule belonging to this class, was screened for its biological efficacy in leukemia and myeloma cells. FCY-302 selectively inhibited proliferation of cancer cells with GI50 values of 395.2 nM, 514.6 Nm, and 642.4 nM in HL-60, Jurkat, and RPMI-8226 cells, respectively. The compound also increased sub-G0 peak in the cancer cell cycle and favored apoptosis determined by annexin V assay. The compound decreased the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 levels and increased proapoptotic Bax proteins in leukemia and myeloma cell lines. FCY-302 attenuated the mitochondrial membrane-bound Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and Mg2+ ATPase enzyme activities and significantly decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, GR, and GST in all the three cancer cells tested. Our findings suggest that FCY-302 inhibits the proliferation of leukemia and myeloma cancer cells by altering key mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes, eventually driving them to apoptosis. These results drive focus on FCY-302 and its analogs to be developed as potential small molecules with bioactivities against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahim Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ragab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Elbessoumy
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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13
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Dera A, Rajagopalan P. Thymoquinone attenuates phosphorylation of AKT to inhibit kidney cancer cell proliferation. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12793. [PMID: 31353586 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (Tq) is an active compound from Nigella sativa which is used in traditional medicine. The effect of Tq on kidney cancer and the pathway of action remain unproven. Herein, we report the anticancer properties of Tq on kidney cancer cells. Tq demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in A498 cells with a GI50 value of 40.07 µM and Caki-1 cells with a GI50 of 51.04 µM by the MTT assay. Tq exhibited nuclear fragmentation and inhibited trans-endothelial migration of A498 and Caki-1 cells in a dose-responsive manner. Time-dependent increase in Annexin V-positive cells and sub-G0 /G1 cell population was observed post-Tq treatment. The compound increased Bax protein levels and reduced Bcl-2 protein levels dose dependently in cells, thereby favoring apoptosis. Tq decreased the phosphorylation of Akt in both kidney cell types. The results suggest effective anticancer activity of Tq on kidney cancer cells which may be mediated by the Akt pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Results from the current investigation will through more light on the mechanistic pathway of Tq activity on the inhibition of kidney cancer cell proliferation. The output of this preclinical in vitro study may be translated into better chemotherapeutics of Tq and its analogs to treat kidney cancer. However, a detailed investigation on in vivo models is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center of Advanced Materials, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasanna Rajagopalan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Andreicut AD, Pârvu AE, Mot AC, Pârvu M, Fischer Fodor E, Cătoi AF, Feldrihan V, Cecan M, Irimie A. Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2879793. [PMID: 30050649 PMCID: PMC6040276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2879793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra-Diana Andreicut
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin Cătălin Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 11 Arany Janos Street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Pârvu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 42 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eva Fischer Fodor
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute of Oncology “I. Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-4 Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Feldrihan
- Department of Immunology and Alergology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19-21 Croitorilor Street, RO-400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cecan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 34-36 Republicii Street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Identification of cytotoxic metabolites from Mahonia aquifolium using 1 H NMR-based metabolomics approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Yuan LT, Kao CL, Huang SC, Chen CT, Li HT, Chen CY. Secondary Metabolites from the Stems of Mahonia oiwakensis. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Rajagopalan P, Alahmari KA, Elbessoumy AA, Balasubramaniam M, Suresh R, Shariff MEA, Chandramoorthy HC. Biological evaluation of 2-arylidene-4, 7-dimethyl indan-1-one (FXY-1): a novel Akt inhibitor with potent activity in lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:393-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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He JM, Mu Q. The medicinal uses of the genus Mahonia in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:668-83. [PMID: 26387740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Mahonia Nuttall (Berberidaceae) have a long history of medical use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of a wide range of health disorders, such as tuberculosis, periodontitis, dysentery, pharyngolaryngitis, eczema, and wounds. In the theory of TCM, most Mahonia species exert the effects of relieving internal heat, eliminating dampness, removing toxins, suppressing pain, promoting blood circulation, inhibiting cough and alleviating inflammation. The aim of the review is to provide comprehensive summary on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical trials of Mahonia species used in TCM based on scientific literature. Available scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of Mahonia species in TCM is demonstrated and opportunities for future research are discussed to highlight the scientific gaps in our knowledge that deserves further investigation. METHODS The available information on the ethnopharmacological uses in Chinese medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical practice of the genus Mahonia was collected from Chinese Herbal Classics, published books, un-published resources, dissertations and various worldwide-accepted scientific databases: CNKI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Wiley, TPL (www.theplantlist.org), SciFinder, and Embase. RESULTS A variety of ethnomedical usages of Mahonia have been recorded in ancient Chinese books and references. The phytochemical research of this genus has resulted in the identification of more than 150 chemical constituents, among which alkaloids are predominant. The isolated compounds and crude extracts have been shown to exhibit a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimutagenic and analgesic properties. Preparations containing Mahonia species have been demonstrated to exert good efficacy for the clinical treatment of dysentery, internal and external hemorrhage, acne vulgaris and chronic pharyngitis, among other diseases. CONCLUSIONS The available scientific references demonstrate that the traditional medical uses of some important Mahonia species in TCM have been evaluated in modern pharmacological studies. Isoquinoline alkaloids may contribute to some of the activities shown by the plants of this genus. However, further studies employing scientific technologies and methods are warranted to reveal the phytochemistry of this genus, particularly to detail the active compounds and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming He
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhu W, Hu J, Wang X, Tian J, Komatsu S. Organ-Specific Analysis of Mahonia Using Gel-Free/Label-Free Proteomic Technique. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2669-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- National
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Jin Hu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- National
Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
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20
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Sun YH, He X, Yang XL, Dong CL, Zhang CF, Song ZJ, Lu MX, Yang ZL, Li P. Absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahonia bealei in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion assay. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:554-60. [PMID: 25053555 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the absorption characteristics of the total alkaloids from Mahoniae Caulis (TAMC) through the administration of monterpene absorption enhancers or protein inhibitors. METHOD The absorption behavior was investigated in an in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) assay in rats. RESULTS The intestinal absorption of TAMC was much more than that of a single compound or a mixture of compounds (jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine). Promotion of absorption by the bicyclic monoterpenoids (borneol or camphor) was higher than by the monocyclic monoterpenes (menthol or menthone), and promotion by compounds with a hydroxyl group (borneol or menthol) was higher than those with a carbonyl group (camphor or menthone). The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TAMC was increased to 1.8-fold by verapamil, while it was reduced to one half by thiamine. The absorption rate constant (Ka) and Papp of TAMC were unchanged by probenecid and pantoprazole. CONCLUSION The intestinal absorption characteristics of TAMC might be passive transport, and the intestinum tenue was the best absorptive site. In addition, TAMC might be likely a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic cation transporters (OCT), rather than multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Compared with a single compound and a mixture of compounds, TAMC was able to be absorbed in the blood circulation effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-He Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin He
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cui-Lan Dong
- The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, Zhangqiu 250200, China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zi-Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Wang TX, Shi XY, Cong Y, Wang SG, Wang YY, Zhang ZQ. Reversal of multidrug resistance by 5,5'-dimethoxylariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside in doxorubicin-resistant human leukemia K562/DOX. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:597-602. [PMID: 24347768 PMCID: PMC3847250 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the reversal effects of 5,5’-dimethoxylariciresinol-4’-O-β-D-glucoside (DMAG) extracted from traditional Chinese medicines Mahonia on multidrug resistance (MDR) of human leukemia cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Materials and Methods: MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was performed to determine the effect of DMAG on doxorubicin sensitivity to K562/DOX cells. Propidium iodide /Hoechst 33342 double staining assay was used to investigate the effect of DMAG on doxorubicin-induced cellular apoptosis. Intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 assay were performed to evaluate the effect of DMAG on drugs efflux activity of P-glycoprotein. Results: DMAG significantly enhanced the doxorubicin cytotoxicity to K562/DOX cells. In the presence of 1.0 μM of DMAG, the IC50 of doxorubicin decreased from 34.93 ± 1.37 μM to 12.51 ± 1.28 μM. DMAG of 1.0 μM significantly enhanced doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis in K562/DOX cells and the enhancement was time-dependent. A significant increase in accumulation of doxorubicin in the presence of DMAG was observed. After treatment of the K562/DOX cells for 1 h with 15.0 μM doxorubicin alone, the fluorescence intensity was 33093.12. With the addition of 1.0 μM of DMAG, the fluorescence intensity of doxorubicin was 2.3-fold higher. A significant increase of accumulation of rhodamine 123 in the presence of DMAG was also observed. With the addition of 1.0 μM of DMAG, the fluorescence intensity was increased by 49.11% compared with rhodamine 123 alone. Conclusion: DMAG was shown to effectively enhance chemosensitivity of resistant cells, which makes it might be a suitable candidate for potential MDR-reversing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Cong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Guang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China ; College of Huaxin, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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Chu SC, Hsieh YS, Hsu LS, Chen KS, Chiang CC, Chen PN. Rubus idaeus L Inhibits Invasion Potential of Human A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Suppression Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Akt Pathway In Vitro and Reduces Tumor Growth In Vivo. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 13:259-73. [PMID: 24335666 DOI: 10.1177/1534735413510559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of lung cancer is the most prevalent cause of patient death. Various treatment strategies have targeted the prevention of the occurrence of metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells is considered a prerequisite to acquire the invasive/migratory phenotype and to subsequently achieve metastasis. However, the effects ofRubus idaeuson cancer invasion and the EMT of the human lung carcinoma remain unclear. In this article, we test the hypothesis thatR idaeusethyl acetate (RIAE) possesses an antimetastatic effect and reverses the EMT potential of human lung A549 cells. We extract the raspberryR idaeuswith methanol (RIME), chloroform (RICE), ethyl acetate (RIAE),n-butanol (RIBE), and water (RIWE). The RIAE treatment obviously inhibits the invasive (P< .001), motility (P< .001), spreading, and migratory potential (P< .001) of highly metastatic human lung cancer A549 cells. The zymography and promoter luciferase analysis reveals that RIAE decreases the proteinase and transcription activities of MMP-2 and u-PA. Molecular analyses show that RIAE increases the E-cadherin level that is mainly localized at the cellular membrane. This result was also verified through confocal analyses. RIAE also induces the upregulation of an epithelial marker, such as α-catenin, and decreases mesenchymal markers, such as snail-1 and N-cadherin, that promote cell invasion and metastasis. RIAE inhibits MMP-2 and u-PA by attenuating the NF-κB and p-Akt expression. The inhibition of RIAE on the growth of A549 cells in vivo was also verified using a cancer cell xenograft nude mice model. Our results show the anti-invasive/antitumor effects of RIAE and associated mechanisms, which suggest that RIAE should be further tested in clinically relevant models to exploit its potential benefits against metastatic lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Chu
- Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shuen Chen
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Chiang
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Deng S, May B, Zhang A, Lu C, Xue C. Plant extracts for the topical management of psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:769-82. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Deng
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program; Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - B.H. May
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program; Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - A.L. Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program; Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
| | - C. Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510120 China
| | - C.C.L. Xue
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Program; Health Innovations Research Institute; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora VIC 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou 510120 China
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Xiong F, Jiang M, Huang Z, Chen M, Chen K, Zhou J, Yin L, Tang Y, Wang M, Ye L, Zhan Z, Duan J, Fu H, Zhang X. A novel herbal formula induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in association with suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway in human lung cancer A549 cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2013; 13:152-60. [PMID: 24105357 DOI: 10.1177/1534735413503544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer, as well as the mortality rate from this disease, has increased. Moreover, because of acquired drug resistance and adverse side effects, the effectiveness of current therapeutics used for the treatment of lung cancer has decreased significantly. Chinese medicine has been shown to have significant antitumor effects and is increasingly being used for the treatment of cancer. However, as the mechanisms of action for many Chinese medicines are undefined, the application of Chinese medicine for the treatment of cancer is limited. The formula tested has been used clinically by the China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Master, Professor Zhonging Zhou for treatment of cancer. In this article, we examine the efficacy of Ke formula in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and elucidate its mechanism of action. METHODS A Balb/c nude mouse xenograft model using A549 cells was previously established. The mice were randomly divided into normal, mock, Ke, cisplatin (DDP), and co-formulated (Ke + DDP) groups. After 15 days of drug administration, the animals were sacrificed, body weight and tumor volume were recorded, and the tumor-inhibiting rate was calculated. A cancer pathway finder polymerase chain reaction array was used to monitor the expression of 88 genes in tumor tissue samples. The potential antiproliferation mechanism was also investigated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Ke formula minimized chemotherapy-related weight loss in tumor-bearing mice without exhibiting distinct toxicity. Ke formula also inhibited tumor growth, which was associated with the downregulation of genes in the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and WNT/β-catenin pathways. The results from Western blot analyses further indicated that Ke blocked the cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase and induced apoptosis mainly via the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Ke formula inhibits tumor growth in an A549 xenograft mouse model with no obvious side effects. Moreover, Ke exhibits synergistic antitumor effects when combined with DDP. The mechanism of action of Ke is to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further research will be required to determine the mechanism of action behind the synergistic effect of Ke and DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Chao J, Liao JW, Peng WH, Lee MS, Pao LH, Cheng HY. Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Mahonia oiwakensis Stem. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2928-45. [PMID: 23364614 PMCID: PMC3588023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacological properties of ethanol extracted from Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata stems (MOS(EtOH)). The pharmacological properties included antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The protoberberine alkaloid content of the MOS(EtOH) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that three alkaloids, berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine, could be identified. Moreover, the MOS(EtOH) exhibited antioxidative activity using the DPPH assay (IC(50), 0.743 mg/mL). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of MOS(EtOH) was five times higher that that of vitamin C. MOS(EtOH) was also found to inhibit pain induced by acetic acid, formalin, and carrageenan inflammation. Treatment with MOS(EtOH) (100 and 500 mg/kg) or silymarin (200 mg/kg) decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared with the CCl(4)-treated group. Histological evaluation showed that MOS(EtOH) reduced the degree of liver injury, including vacuolization, inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect of MOS(EtOH) were found to be related to the modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver and decreases in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) contents. Our findings suggest that MOS(EtOH) has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. These effects support the use of MOS(EtOH) for relieving pain and inflammation in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Department of biotechnology, Trans World University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-5-2658880 (ext. 227); Fax: +886-5-2658913
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Chang YC, Chen PN, Chu SC, Lin CY, Kuo WH, Hsieh YS. Black tea polyphenols reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppress cancer invasion and proteases in human oral cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8395-8403. [PMID: 22827697 DOI: 10.1021/jf302223g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells is considered to be a prerequisite for acquiring invasive/migratory phenotype and subsequent metastasis. This study provides molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of black tea polyphenol extracts (BTE), which contain polyphenols including gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin-3-gallate, and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, in an an oral squamous cell culture system by showing a nearly complete inhibition on the invasion (p < 0.001) of SCC-4 cells via reduced activities of MMP-2 (p < 0.001) and u-PA (p < 0.001). Immunoblot was performed to find that BTE could induce up-regulation of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and inhibit mesenchymal markers such as snail-1 and vimentin. BTE inhibited p-FAK and p-paxillin, indicating the anti-EMT effect of BTE in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BTE was evidenced by its inhibition of the tumor growth of SCC-4 cells via cancer cell xenografted nude mice mode. These results suggested that BTE could reduce invasion by reversing EMT in human oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry and ‡ Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tseng HH, Chen PN, Kuo WH, Wang JW, Chu SC, Hsieh YS. Antimetastatic potentials of Phyllanthus urinaria L on A549 and Lewis lung carcinoma cells via repression of matrix-degrading proteases. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 11:267-78. [PMID: 22144737 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411417128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the most important cause of cancer death and various treatment strategies have targeted at preventing the occurrence of metastasis. Phyllanthus urinaria L is a popular folk medicine and has several proven biological properties, including antioxidant, antihypertension, and anti-inflammatory. This study provides molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effects of P urinaria L extracts (PUE), which contained polyphenols including gallic acid, methyl gallate, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallocatechin-3-gallate, rutin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and naringin, by showing a marked inhibition on the invasion (P < .001) and migration (P < .001) of highly metastatic A549 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. To further investigate the precise involvement of PUE in tumor metastasis, A549 and LLC cells were treated with PUE at various concentrations and results from zymography and Western blotting showed that a PUE treatment may decrease the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2; P < .001), MMP-9 (P < .001), urokinase plasminogen activator (P < .001), and their endogenous inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in a concentration-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and MMP-2 promoter luciferase analysis (P < .001) revealed that PUE inhibits the transcription of MMP-2 mRNA. PUE also exerted an inhibitory effect on the DNA-binding activity and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of PUE on the metastasis and growth of LLC cells in vivo were proven. These results indicate that PUE could be applied to be a potential antimetastatic agent.
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Antimetastatic Potentials of Dioscorea nipponica on Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:507920. [PMID: 21274459 PMCID: PMC3025389 DOI: 10.1155/2011/507920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed pleiotropic anticancer and antiproliferative capabilities of Dioscorea nipponica Makino whereas the effect of this plant on metastasis of cancer cells has not been clearly clarified. In the present study, we extracted Dioscorea nipponica Makino with methanol (DNE1), chloroform (DNE2), ethyl acetate (DNE3), n-butanol (DNE4), and water (DNE5). We first demonstrate that DNE3 was found to be effective in reducing the lung metastases formation by about 99.5% as compared to vehicle-treated control animals. When a nontoxic concentration of the extract was treated directly to highly metastatic murin melanoma cells (B16F10) and human melanoma cells (A2058) in vitro, it exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion (P < .001), motility (P < .001), secretion of MMPs (P < .001), and u-PA (P < .001) of both cell lines. To investigate the possible mechanisms involved in these events, we performed western blot analysis to find that DNE inhibited phosphorylation of Akt. A treatment with DNE3 to B16F10 cells also inhibited the activation of NF-κB and increased the expression of IkappaB. Taken together, these findings suggested that DNE3 could reduce the metastasis of melanoma cells, thereby constituting an adjuvant treatment for metastasis control.
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Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of water extract from Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:799-806. [PMID: 21130829 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. (Berberidaceae) leaves have been widely used as a tea leaf beverage south of the Qinling Mountains of China. In this study, the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of M. bealei leaves were investigated. Our data showed that the water extract of M. bealei leaves (WML) exhibited extremely high antioxidant properties, which were demonstrated by its ability to scavenge 50% of 1,1-diphenyll-2-2-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals at 60.46 μg/ml, and it eliminated approximately 71.19% of superoxide radicals at 500 μg/ml. In addition, the WML showed strong reducing abilities and provided protection against oxidative protein damage induced by hydroxyl radicals. Cellular proliferation and the induction of apoptosis were also examined by cellular proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and mRNA expression analysis. These results demonstrate that WML significantly inhibited the growth of human colon cancer (HT-29) cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and it gradually increased the proportion of apoptotic cells and reduced the expression of the survivin gene. The bioactivity-guided study of WML resulted in the isolation and identification of berberine, a known isoquinoline alkaloid. Berberine exhibited strong antiproliferative activity on HT-29 cells, with IC(50) values of 36.54 μM, suggesting it is, in part, responsible of the anticancer activity of WML.
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Manikandan P, Murugan RS, Priyadarsini RV, Vinothini G, Nagini S. Eugenol induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion and angiogenesis in a rat model of gastric carcinogenesis induced by MNNG. Life Sci 2010; 86:936-41. [PMID: 20434464 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Combining apoptosis induction with anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic treatment is gaining increasing attention as a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was evaluated for its chemopreventive effects on N-methyl-N(')-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats by analyzing markers of apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis. MAIN METHODS The expressions of markers of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, Apaf-1, cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase; PARP), invasion (matrix metalloproteinase-2; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MMP-9, reversion-inducing cysteine rich protein with Kazal motifs; RECK and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2; TIMP-2) and angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF and VEGF receptor1; VEGFR1) in stomach tissue of experimental and control animals were measured by gelatin zymogram, immunohistochemical, Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. KEY FINDINGS Rats administered MNNG developed gastric carcinomas that displayed apoptosis avoidance coupled to upregulation of pro-invasive and angiogenic factors. Administration of eugenol induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway by modulating the Bcl-2 family proteins, Apaf-1, cytochrome C, and caspases and inhibiting invasion, and angiogenesis as evidenced by changes in the activities of MMPs and the expression of MMP-2 and -9, VEGF, VEGFR1, TIMP-2 and RECK. SIGNIFICANCE Phytochemicals such as eugenol that are capable of manipulating the equilibrium between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins as well as the delicate balance between stimulators and inhibitors of invasion and angiogenesis are attractive candidates for preventing tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palrasu Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Colon J, Basha MR, Madero-Visbal R, Konduri S, Baker CH, Herrera LJ, Safe S, Sheikh-Hamad D, Abudayyeh A, Alvarado B, Abdelrahim M. Tolfenamic acid decreases c-Met expression through Sp proteins degradation and inhibits lung cancer cells growth and tumor formation in orthotopic mice. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:41-51. [PMID: 19851711 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), tolfenamic acid (TA) is emerging as a new anti-cancer agent. TA induces the degradation of specific Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors, Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 which are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In this study we have evaluated the effect of TA on lung cancer using both in vitro and in vivo models. TA in a dose dependent manner inhibited proliferation and cell viability of two different lung cancer cells, A549 and CRL5803. TA treatment for 48 h significantly decreased the expression of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4. The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, c-Met is overexpressed in a variety of cancers including lung cancer and Sp proteins mediate the regulation of c-Met. TA diminished the expression of c-Met protein and modulates its downstream signaling pathway. Furthermore, TA treatment significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and pro-apoptotic markers c-PARP and Bax confirming the activation of apoptotic pathways. In vivo studies using the orthotopic mice model for lung cancer showed that TA (25 mg/kg/2 days and 50 mg/kg/2 days) resulted in a dose dependent decrease in tumor formation. The immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue showed high expression of Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, c-Met and phospho Met in control group and a dose dependent decrease in TA treated groups. The crucial findings of this study support that targeting c-Met with a potent inhibitor of Sp proteins is a robust strategy for the implications in lung cancer treatment and TA can serve as a therapeutic agent for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmie Colon
- Cancer Research Institute, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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