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Liu EY, Yang CL, Tsai JC, Cheng HY, Peng WH. Antidepressive mechanisms of rhynchophylline in mice with chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 309:116302. [PMID: 36842720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Uncaria rhynchophylla ([Mi] Jack) (gouteng) exerts antidepressive effects. Rhynchophylline (RH), a major component of U. rhynchophylla, exerts similar pharmacological effects to those of gouteng. Thus, RH may have antidepressive effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-depressive effects of RH in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice. The anti-depressive mechanism of RH determined by measuring the 5-HT levels, the expressions of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cortex and hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The behaviors of CUMS-induced depressive mice were measured using an open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). 5-HT levels were measured using an ELISA kits. The expressions of BDNF and CREB were determined using western blot test. RESULTS RH increased the frequency of rearing and grooming in the OFT and decreased the immobility time in the FST and TST. RH effectively increased the 5-HT level and BDNF and CREB expressions in the cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the antidepressive mechanism of RH is related to increased levels of 5-HT from regulating CREB and BDNF expressions in cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yu Liu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicines, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Lin Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanical and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Dacun, Changhua, 51500, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi City, 62241, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicines, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Tsai YC, Lin MK, Peng WH, Tseng CK, Lee MS, Yang BC, Chang WT. Comparison of the Immunomodulatory Effect of TCM Formulas Containing Either Astragali Radix or With This Replaced by Hedysari Radix. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedysari Radix (Hong Qi) is a commonly substituted material with similar functions to Astragali Radix (Huang Qi). However, it is still misused as Huang Qi, even though people know they are different species. This study aims to find evidence that Hong Qi can replace Huang Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas used for immunomodulation. Therefore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of both medicines on dendritic cells. The water extract of Hong Qi showed a more substantial immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cells in 500 μg/mL concentration compared to Huang Qi in the same dosage. Furthermore, we selected the 23 TCM formulas to investigate their immunomodulatory function when Huang Qi and Hong Qi alternated within a formula. Among them, 6 formulas containing Hong Qi demonstrated a better immunomodulatory effect on the dendritic cells than those containing Huang Qi. The other formulas containing Hong Qi showed an insignificantly different physiological impact from the original formulation. Therefore, based on the TCM theory and our experimental results, replacing Huang Qi with Hong Qi for a formula could be more suitable when the immunomodulatory effect or nourishing Qi is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Tseng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu KF, Niu CS, Tsai JC, Yang CL, Peng WH, Niu HS. Comparison of area under the curve in various models of diabetic rats receiving chronic medication. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1078-1087. [PMID: 35832712 PMCID: PMC9266878 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.91471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is widely used as a diagnostic tool for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in clinical settings and animal experiments. The area under the curve (AUC) is then developed to quantify the total increase in blood glucose during the OGTT. Similarly, attenuation of the increased AUC indicates the improvement of IGT in animals. Variations in fasting plasma glucose between individuals stimulate the development of incremental area under the curve (iAUC). However, the iAUC determined from subtracting the baseline value of fasting plasma glucose (similar to ΔAUC) has been challenged as problematic without evidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed four different diabetic animal models. In each model, rats were treated with metformin, dapagliflozin, and insulin respectively for 1 week. OGTTs were performed after 7 days of the drug treatment. The acute blood glucose changes induced by one-time treatment of drugs were also compared. RESULTS After a daily application of each drug at an effective dose for 7 days, results indicated potency in the following order: insulin > dapagliflozin > metformin. This was determined by calculation using the AUC in all diabetic models. However, the order changed when using the calculation with iAUC. Additionally, signals were changed before the OGTT in each model that received repeated treatment of each drug. Notably, drug potency was shown to be the same in OGTT calculated from iAUC and AUC in diabetic rats receiving acute treatment. CONCLUSIONS iAUC seems unsuitable for application in cases where subjects are receiving chronic medication(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fan Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Chunghua, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Yang
- College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shan Niu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chao J, Cheng HY, Chang ML, Huang SS, Liao JW, Cheng YC, Peng WH, Pao LH. Gallic Acid Ameliorated Impaired Lipid Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet-and Streptozotocin-Induced NAFLD and Diabetes through Improvement of β-oxidation and Ketogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:606759. [PMID: 33643038 PMCID: PMC7907449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.606759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a simple polyphenol found in food and traditional Chinese medicine. Here, we determined the effects of GA administration in a combined mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, which mimics the concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes pathological condition. By combining the results of physiological assessments, pathological examinations, metabolomic studies of blood, urine, liver, and muscle, and measurements of gene expression, we attempted to elucidate the efficacy of GA and the underlying mechanism of action of GA in hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic mice. HFD and STZ induced severe diabetes, NAFLD, and other metabolic disorders in mice. However, the results of liver histopathology and serum biochemical examinations indicated that daily GA treatment alleviated the high blood glucose levels in the mice and decelerated the progression of NAFLD. In addition, our results show that the hepatoprotective effect of GA in diabetic mice occurs in part through a partially preventing disordered metabolic pathway related to glucose, lipids, amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. Specifically, the mechanism responsible for alleviation of lipid accumulation is related to the upregulation of β-oxidation and ketogenesis. These findings indicate that GA alleviates metabolic diseases through novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
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Lin YS, Peng WH, Shih MF, Cherng JY. Anxiolytic effect of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113285. [PMID: 32827660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated in modern studies for its pharmacological activities in treatments of CNS disorders like insomnia, dysphoria. However, its application on anxiolytic effect from the ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMEtOH) has not yet been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study investigated the anxiolytic effect of the SMEtOH using the elevated plus-maze test (EPM) and the hole-board test (HBT) with diazepam and buspirone as positive controls. Also, the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice had been investigated in the open field. Further, we have illustrated the anxiolytic mechanisms of SMEtOH with its influencing upon GABAergic and/or serotonergic nervous systems via a method that SMEtOH was co-administered with flumazenil, a benzodiazepine (BZD) antagonist, or a drug (WAY-100635), a selective 5HT1A receptor antagonist. RESULTS In hole-board test, results presented that SMEtOH increased head-dip counts and duration time. On the other hand, a decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity was observed. In the EPM test, SMEtOH increased the percentage of open-arm entries and the percentage of time spent in open arms. However, when SMEtOH co-administered with flumazenil or WAY-100635, the anxiolytic effect of SMEtOH was significantly counteracted. CONCLUSION From these results, we can conclude that the anxiolytic mechanism of SMEtOH is exerted through an activation of the BZD and 5HT1A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Fen Shih
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Yuh Cherng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Cheng HY, Chao J, Chiu CS, Hsieh IC, Huang HC, Wu LY, Peng WH. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Wu-Zi-Yuan-Chung-Wan against CCl 4-induced oxidative damage in rats. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211014058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of the Wu-Zi-Yuan-Chung-Wan (WZYCW) using an animal model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury. CCl4 induced chronic liver hepatotoxicity in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Excluding the control group, all of the rats with chronic liver fibrosis received 0.4% CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg of body weight, ip) twice per week for 8 weeks. WZYCW (20, 100, and 500 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) were administered five times per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were obtained, and liver histological examinations were performed for subsequent assays. These results suggest that WZYCW considerably reduced Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT), Triglyceride (TG); and cholesterol activity; and the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the liver. WZYCW also increased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver tissue. WZYCW produced hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects. This is the first study to demonstrate that WZYCW expressed hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced acute hepatotoxicity in rat. In addition, the primary compound of WZCYW was analyzed using HPLC. The major peaks of WZCYW, including schizandrin. The results indicate that WZYCW not only enhances hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibits lipid peroxidation but also suppresses inflammatory responses in CCl4 induced liver damage. Our findings provide evidence that WZYCW possesses a hepatoprotective activity to ameliorate chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Catholic Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi
| | - Jung Chao
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | | | - I-Chien Hsieh
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Lung-Yuan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
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Tao XC, Peng WH, Xie WM, Wan J, Liu M, Gao L, Gao Q, Zhang S, Zhai ZG, Wang C. [Efficacy and safety of Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:437-441. [PMID: 32146766 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: Patients who were diagnosed CTEPH in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from Feb 2018 to Sep 2019 were evaluated. The ineligibility for pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and the indication for BPA were decided on the basis of a consensus among the multidisciplinary team for all CTEPH patients. 6-min walk distance (6MWD), the plasma level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), mixed venous oxygen saturation, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were collected and analyzed before the first and the last BPA session. Results: A total of 67 BPA sessions were performed for 302 subsegmental pulmonary arteries in 25 inoperable CTEPH patients. 10 males (40.0%) and 15 females (60.0%), with the age of (57.8±7.1) years old. The median interval between CTEPH diagnosis and first BPA was 20.0 (9.0, 48.5) months. 18 patients were received more than 2 BPA sessions, the median follow-up time was 5.0 (3.5, 8.3) months. 6MWD, CI and the mixed venous oxygen saturation were significant improved after BPA [(425±74) vs (345±109) m, (1.99±0.45) vs (1.62±0.35) L·min(-1)·m(-2), (68.1%±6.5%) vs (61.2%±6.3%)](all P<0.05). The plasma level of NT-proBNP, mPAP and PVR were significantly decreased after BPA [259 (93, 739) vs 806 (148, 2 159) ng/L, (40.6±8.3) vs (47.3±10.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (11.9±4.9) vs (17.2±6.5) WU (1 WU=80 dyn·s·cm(-5))](all P<0.05). Hemoptysis occurred in 5 sessions (7.5%) and reperfusion pulmonary edema (RPE) occurred in 2 sessions (1.5%), 1 patient needed non-invasive mechanical ventilation because of RPE, 1 patient died from right heart failure caused by hemoptysis during perioperative period. Conclusions: BPA can significantly improve the exercise tolerance and hemodynamic parameters for inoperable CTEPH patients, the risks of BPA are acceptable. BPA is an effective and relatively safe treatment for inoperable CTEPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Tao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W H Peng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - W M Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - J Wan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Q Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Z G Zhai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - C Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Hsieh CC, Peng WH, Tseng HH, Liang SY, Chen LJ, Tsai JC. The Protective Role of Garlic on Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2019; 47:1099-1112. [PMID: 31366207 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Garlic extracts have long been used as a food source and in traditional medicine. Crude extracts of garlic are used as an anti-inflammatory agent and have been reported to exhibit antiasthmatic properties. However, molecular mechanisms of garlic extracts in the context of antiasthmatic airway inflammation are still unclear. In this study, the antiasthmatic effect of garlic extracts on Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine profiles and immunoregulatory mechanism were explored using an animal model of allergic asthma. Garlic extracts significantly reduced total inflammatory cell counts and eosinophil infiltration and decreased the production of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus IgE in serum and Th1/Th2/Th3 cytokine in bronchoalveolar fluid. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis demonstrated that garlic extracts downregulated the levels of cytokines and chemokines, namely Th2-related IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; but they simultaneously upregulated Th1-related IFN-γ, IL-12, and Th3-related IL-10 and TGF-β expression in BALF. The mechanism may be ascribed to the modulation of Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-related cytokine imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsieh
- *Department of Medicine Division of Chest Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, No. 966, Sec. 4, Taiwan Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- †School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hao Tseng
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yuan Liang
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Chen
- §Department of Nursing, Holistic Education Center, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 97005, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- ‡Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Changhua, Taiwan
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Chen LL, Verpoorte R, Yen HR, Peng WH, Cheng YC, Chao J, Pao LH. Effects of processing adjuvants on traditional Chinese herbs. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:S96-S114. [PMID: 29703391 PMCID: PMC9326876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of Chinese medicines is a pharmaceutical technique that transforms medicinal raw materials into decoction pieces for use in different therapies. Various adjuvants, such as vinegar, wine, honey, and brine, are used in the processing to enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of crude drugs. Proper processing is essential to ensure the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Therefore, sound knowledge of processing principles is crucial to the standardized use of these processing adjuvants and to facilitate the production and clinical use of decoction pieces. Many scientific reports have indicated the synergistic effects of processing mechanisms on the chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients in TCMs. Under certain conditions, adjuvants change the content of active or toxic components in drugs by chemical or physical transformation, increase or decrease drug dissolution, exert their own pharmacological effects, or alter drug pharmacokinetics. This review summarizes various processing methods adopted in the last two decades, and highlights current approaches to identify the effects of processing parameters on TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, School of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jung Chao
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chang CW, Chen YH, Lin YC, Peng WH. Association of Activation of Induced COX-2, iNOS and Cytokines with NF-kappa B Depression by Taiwan Wild Grape Ethanolic Extract in Mice. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2018; 60:242-252. [PMID: 28847144 DOI: 10.4077/cjp.2017.baf481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan wild grape (Vitis thunbergii var. taiwaniana; VTT) is an important traditional herbal
medicine used to treat muscle injuries and acute and chronic pain of the ligaments. Information on
its bioactivity and the underlying mechanisms, which have not been elucidated thus far, is needed
to demonstrate its value for pharmacological and clinical use. This study presents evidence to clarify
the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of an ethanolic extract of VTT stem (VTTEtOH)
and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in such biactivities. In the mice, VTTEtOH
significantly reduced the acetic acid-induced writhing response (P < 0.01), formalin-induced licking
time (P < 0.01), and edema paw volume at 4 and 5 h after λ-carrageenan injection. VTTEtOH obviously
decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.01), interleukin (IL)-1β (P < 0.05),
interleukin (IL)-6 (P < 0.001), nuclear factor-kappa B (P < 0.001), iNOS (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase-2 (P
< 0.001) and Nitric oxide (P < 0.001) in edema-paw tissue. The molecular mechanisms underlying these
effects might involve significant inhibition of the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 through suppression of
nuclear factor-kappa B and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and reduction of the levels of
various inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6,
and nitric oxide. Our findings provided pharmacological and histopathological evidences that VTTEtOH
alleviates inflammatory pain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Transworld University, Yunlin 64063, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, College of Biotechnology & Bio-Resources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liu KF, Li Y, Cheng KC, Hsu CC, Cheng JT, Peng WH. Changes in PPARδ expression in a rat model of stress-induced depression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 44:664-670. [PMID: 28267873 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that has been linked to a decrease in the expression of serotonin and/or the serotonin transporter in the brain. Antidepressants that target the monoaminergic system are widely used in the clinical setting. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPAR δ) overexpression or activation is thought to improve depression-like behaviours in rodents. The present study was designed to characterize the changes in PPARδ expression in the hippocampus in rats with stress-induced depression. We used an unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) model in rats to study the role of PPARδ in the hippocampus. Behaviour was evaluated via a forced swim test (FST), a tail suspension test (TST), and a sucrose preference test (SPT). Then, the changes in PPARδ expression and other signals were determined using Western blots. We found that PPARδ expression in the hippocampus was markedly reduced in rats with depression. Moreover, the expression of the serotonin transporter was also significantly decreased. Treatment with a PPARδ agonist enhanced the expression of PPARδ and the serotonin transporter in the hippocampus of rats with stress-induced depression. Additionally, treatment with a PPARδ agonist increased the expression of the serotonin transporter in cultured hippocampal (H19-7) cells, and this action was ablated in the absence of PPARδ, which was attenuated with shRNA. Taken together, we found that PPARδ plays an important role in the regulation of serotonin transporter expression and that chronic stress may lower PPARδ expression in the brain via apoptosis and may attenuate serotonin transporter expression, thus inducing depression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fan Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kai Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chao Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Gueiren, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Yong Kang, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Gueiren, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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12
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Tsai YC, Yang BC, Peng WH, Lee YM, Yen MH, Cheng PY. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates anti-adipogenesis effect of raspberry ketone in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytomedicine 2017; 31:11-17. [PMID: 28606512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is caused by excessive accumulation of body fat and is closely related to complex metabolic diseases. Raspberry ketone (RK), a major aromatic compound in red raspberry, was recently reported to possess anti-obesity effects. However, its mechanisms are unclear. AIM Adipogenesis plays a critical role in obesity and, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of action of RK on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Adipocyte lipid contents were determined using oil-red O staining while adipogenic transcription factor and lipogenic protein expressions were determined using western blotting. RESULTS RK (300-400µM) strongly inhibited lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes. RK reduced the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expressions and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Wnt10b, and β-catenin expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, RK inhibited lipid accumulation, and adipogenic transcription factor and lipogenic protein expressions were all decreased by inhibiting HO-1 or β-catenin using tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) or β-catenin short-interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Furthermore, Wnt10b and β-catenin expressions were negatively regulation by SnPP. CONCLUSION RK may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the HO-1/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei; Department of Sport Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Mei Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Chiu YJ, Chou SC, Chiu CS, Kao CP, Wu KC, Chen CJ, Tsai JC, Peng WH. Hepatoprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Polygonum orientale on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:369-379. [PMID: 29389576 PMCID: PMC9332667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum orientale L. (Polygonaceae) fruits have various medicinal uses, but their hepatoprotective effects have not yet been studied. This study investigated the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of P. orientale (POE) fruits against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI). Mice were pretreated with POE (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg) or silymarin (0.2 g/kg) for 5 consecutive days and administered a dose of 0.175% CCl4 (ip) on the 5th day to induce ALI. Blood and liver samples were collected to measure antioxidative activity and cytokines. The bioactive components of POE were identified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acute toxicity testing indicated that the LD50 of POE exceeded 10 g/kg in mice. Mice pretreated with POE (0.5, 1.0 g/kg) experienced a significant reduction in their serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and reduction in the extent of liver lesions. POE reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in liver. HPLC revealed peaks at 11.28, 19.55, and 39.40 min for protocatechuic acid, taxifolin, and quercetin, respectively. In summary, the hepatoprotective effect of POE against CCl4-induced ALI was seemingly associated with its antioxidant and anti-proinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jia Chiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen-Chieh Chou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Sung Chiu
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, 418, Sec. Gaoping, Zhongfeng Road, Longtan District, 32544, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Pin Kao
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, 418, Sec. Gaoping, Zhongfeng Road, Longtan District, 32544, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, College of Biotechnology and Bio-Resources, Da-Yeh University, 168 University Road, Dacun, Chang-Hua, 51591, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan, ROC.
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14
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Cao CX, Yang XH, Peng WH, Liang QL, Feng C. [Treatment of 50 cases inflammatory pathological changes of superior meatus complex area by functional endoscopic sinus surgery]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:559-562. [PMID: 29871311 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Tsai JC, Chiu CS, Chen YC, Lee MS, Hao XY, Hsieh MT, Kao CP, Peng WH. Hepatoprotective effect of Coreopsis tinctoria flowers against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:139. [PMID: 28259154 PMCID: PMC5336617 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Coreopsis tinctoria is a traditional remedy for the management of various diseases including hepatitis. The hepatoprotective role of the plant is not scientifically explored till now. This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective potentials of the ethanol extract from C. tinctoria (CTEtOH) using an animal model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. Methods CTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) were administered to the experimental mice for 7 days followed by 0.2% CCl4 (10 mL/kg of body weight (bw), ip), then all mice were sacrificed after 24 h. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured. Histological analysis of liver was performed. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymatic activities were also measured.. Results The results revealed that the serum ALT and AST levels significantly decreased after treatment with CTEtOH. Moreover, histological analyses indicated that CTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and silymarin reduced the extent of CCl4-induced liver lesions. CTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β). Furthermore, CTEtOH (1.0 g/kg) reduced the level of IL-6. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, namely superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, significantly increased after treatment with CTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and that of glutathione peroxidase increased after treatment with 1.0 g/kg of CTEtOH. Conclusions These results demonstrate the hepatoprotective effect of CTEtOH against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice, and the underlying hepatoprotective mechanisms are associated with antioxidant and antiproinflammatory activities.
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16
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Chen DJ, Peng WH, Jiang H, Huang HF, Wu JY, Wang HP, Chen JH. [Noninvasive diagnostic and predictive value in renal transplant recipients with acute rejection by measurement of urine Fractalkine]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:92-98. [PMID: 28088951 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between early-stage renal acute rejection(AR) and the level of Fractalkine in urine, explore the diagnostic and noninvasive monitoring value in early stage after transplantation by measurement of urine Fractalkine. Methods: Urine samples were examined from renal transplant patients between January 2006 and October 2009. A total of 155 patients were enrolled, including 49 with biopsy-proved AR, 58 patients with stable renal function and no abnormal histological findings, 10 patients with subclinical rejection in protocol biopsy, 9 patients with biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis and 29 patients with biopsy-proven chronic allograft nephropathy. Additionally, urine samples were also collected from 40 healthy controls. Fractalkine was measured in urine samples using a commercial human Fractalkine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Immunohistochemistry for Fractalkine expression was performed on biopsies from renal transplant patients with AR and non-AR. Results: Forty-nine patients with AR excreted urinary Fractalkine at a significantly higher level than levels in patients with stable renal function and healthy controls[(429.1±56.1)vs (94.6±8.4), (84.5±8.9)ng/mmol creatine, both P<0.001]. Patients with AR excreted urinary Fractalkine at a significantly higher level than levels in patients with acute tubular necrosis and chronic allograft nephropathy[(429.1±56.1)vs(133.0±9.8), (183.0±18.9)ng/mmol creatine, both P<0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed to determine the discriminatory power of Fractalkine levels for diagnosis of AR. The area under ROC curve was 0.920(95% CI: 0.875-0.969, P<0.001), which showed that Fractalkine was a suitable marker for the diagnosis of AR. At a cut-off point of 157.5 ng/mmol creatinine, the sensitivity was 83.7% and the specificity was 84.5% (P<0.001). The dynamic level of urinary Fractalkine in AR patients within 3 weeks after transplantation fluctuated above 300 ng/mmol creatine, which is remarkably higher than patients with stable renal function (below 200 ng/mmol creatinine). Conclusions: As a noninvasive monitoring method, Fractalkine in urine may be a new approach for detection of AR as well as useful to predict response to antirejection therapy. It has good sensitivity and specificity. Besides, measurement of Fractalkine in urine is a simple, inexpensive method for the routine clinical monitoring after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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17
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Yi ZG, Yang XH, Ren JJ, Peng WH, Liang QL. [Clinical observation of flupentixol and melitracen combined with specific immunotherapy for treatment of allergic rhinitis patients with anxiety and depression]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:34-37. [PMID: 29774682 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the clinical effects of Flupentixol/Melitracencombined with specific immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis patients with anxiety and depression. Method:Totally ninetynine moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis patients with anxiety and depression from October 2014 to Sepetember 2015 were randomly divided into two groups: 45 patients in experimental group (Flupentixol/Melitracen 10.5 mg,QD,treatment last 4 months)and 44 patients in control group.All patients were treated with specific immunotherapy for 1 years. The nasal symptoms score, mini Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of life questionnaire(MiniRQLQ), Medication score, SAS and SDS score and the clinical curative effect were observed before treatment, after 4 months or one year treatment. The drug reactions were also recorded. Result:The VAS scores, MiniRQLQ scores, medication scores, SAS and SDS scores of patients in two groups who were treated after 4 months and 1 year were significantly reduced than that of patients before treatment.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group, nasal symptom scores, MiniRQLQ scores, medication scores, SAS and SDS scores in experimental group were decreased after 4 month or 1 year treatment(P<0.05).After 4 months of treatment, the total effective rate of the experimental group was 84.4%, while the control group was 56.8%.After 1 years of treatment, the experimental group excellence rate was 57.8%, while the control group was 22.7%.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). During the course of treatment, there were thirteen cases of mild adverse reactionsin experimental group (17.7%) and control group(11.4%). There was no significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusion:Flupentixol and melitracen combined with specific immunotherapy could sifnificantlly relieve clinical symptom, quality of life and mental depression.is a safe and reliable therapeutic regimen for further improving clinical symptoms,quality of life,mental statusand the clinical efficacy in moderate to severe persistent with anxiety anddepression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - X H Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - J J Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - W H Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Q L Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital
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Peng WH, Chen YW, Lee MS, Chang WT, Tsai JC, Lin YC, Lin MK. Hepatoprotective Effect of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Whole Plant on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122056. [PMID: 27941627 PMCID: PMC5187856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuscuta seeds and whole plant have been used to nourish the liver and kidney. This study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of Cuscuta campestris Yunck. whole plant (CCEtOH). The hepatoprotective effect of CCEtOH (20, 100 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced chronic liver injury. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured and the fibrosis was histologically examined. CCEtOH exhibited a significant inhibition of the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and cholesterol. Histological analyses showed that fibrosis of liver induced by CCl₄ were significantly reduced by CCEtOH. In addition, 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg of the extract decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. We demonstrate that the hepatoprotective mechanisms of CCEtOH were likely to be associated to the decrease in MDA level by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx and GRd. In addition, our findings provide evidence that C. campestris Yunck. whole plant possesses a hepatoprotective activity to ameliorate chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, 500 Liufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, 79-9 Sha-Luen Hu Xi-Zhou Li Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli 356, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Ye JH, Chao J, Chang ML, Peng WH, Cheng HY, Liao JW, Pao LH. Pentoxifylline ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperglycaemic and dyslipidaemic mice by upregulating fatty acid β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33102. [PMID: 27612024 PMCID: PMC5017161 DOI: 10.1038/srep33102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which includes simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is characterised by abnormal fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of excessive alcohol intake. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), concurrent NAFLD might increase the risk of chronic kidney disease and the mortality rate. Although several studies have examined the effectiveness of pentoxifylline (PTX) in NAFLD treatment, no results are available to verify the effectiveness of PTX in treating T2D associated with NAFLD. In this study, we developed a combined high-fat diet-induced obesity and low-dose streptozocin-induced hyperglycaemia mouse model to mimic the concurrent NAFLD and T2D pathological condition. By combining physiological assessments, pathological examinations, metabolomics studies on blood, urine, and liver, and measurements of gene and protein expression, we elucidated the effectiveness and the underlying mechanism of action of PTX in the hyperglycaemic and dyslipidaemic mice. Our results revealed that PTX ameliorated NAFLD in the hyperglycaemic and dyslipidaemic mice by upregulating fatty acid β-oxidation. Furthermore, the glycolysis pathway and branched-chain amino acid-related pathways in these mice were restored by PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hung Ye
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Tsai DS, Huang MH, Chang YS, Li TC, Peng WH. The use of Chinese herbal medicines associated with reduced mortality in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving lamivudine treatment. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:161-167. [PMID: 26277491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lamivudine associated mutation and resistance reduces the effect of anti-hepatitis B virus. Pharmacological studies in cell and animal model suggest that Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have anti-hepatitis B virus effect. Observational studies offer mixed results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the use of CHMs and outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving lamivudine treatment and further estimate the association of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-Sang (JWXYS) use with mortality of those patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cohort study among patients age 20-90 years within a National Health Insurance Healthcare system. Information on the use of CHMs and covariates were obtained from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for all-cause mortality among CHMs users compared to nonusers. RESULTS Among 1037 patients studied from 2004 to 2011, median follow-up time 5.3 years and 88 deaths were identified. During the study period, 49% of patients used CHMs and the median duration of use was 2.4 years. We found that significant difference on all-cause mortality among CHMs users (aHR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.76) compared to CHMs nonusers. All-cause mortality also differed by JWXYS use (aHR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the use of CHMs may lower the risk of death in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving lamivudine treatment. Further randomized-controlled trials are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shiang Tsai
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuen Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Care Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liu CY, Chiu YJ, Kuo CL, Chien TM, Wu LY, Peng WH. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract ofTaxillus tsaiiChiu in Mice. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:176-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Liu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 404 Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management; No. 79-9, Sha-Luen-Hu, Xi Zhou Li, Hou-Loung Town Miaoli County 35664 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yung-Jia Chiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 404 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 404 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Mei Chien
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 404 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Lung-Yuan Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate; I-Shou university; No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu District Kaohsiung City 84001 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road Taichung 404 Taiwan R.O.C
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Lai GH, Chao J, Lin MK, Chang WT, Peng WH, Sun FC, Lee MS, Lee MS. Rapid and sensitive identification of the herbal tea ingredient Taraxacum formosanum using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1562-75. [PMID: 25584616 PMCID: PMC4307320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxacum formosanum (TF) is a medicinal plant used as an important component of health drinks in Taiwan. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for authenticating TF was established. A set of four specific LAMP primers was designed based on the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of TF. LAMP amplicons were successfully amplified and detected when purified genomic DNA of TF was added in the LAMP reaction under isothermal condition (65 °C) within 45 min. These specific LAMP primers have high specificity and can accurately discriminate Taraxacum formosanum from other adulterant plants; 1 pg of genomic DNA was determined to be the detection limit of the LAMP assay. In conclusion, using this novel approach, TF and its misused plant samples obtained from herbal tea markets were easily identified and discriminated by LAMP assay for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Jung Chao
- Department & Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chun Sun
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Shiunn Lee
- Management Center, Department of Medical Research and Development, Show Chwan Health Care Sysytem, Changhua 51951, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Tsai DS, Huang MH, Tsai JC, Chang YS, Chiu YJ, Lin YC, Wu LY, Peng WH. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Rosa taiwanensis Nakai in Mice. J Med Food 2014; 18:592-600. [PMID: 25494361 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a 70% ethanol extract from Rosa taiwanensis Nakai (RTEtOH). The analgesic effect was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RTEtOH was examined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver tissue. The betulinic acid and oleanolic acid contents of RTEtOH were assayed by HPLC. The results showed that RTEtOH decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses (1.0 g/kg) and the late phase of the formalin-induced licking time (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg). In the anti-inflammatory models, RTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4, and 5 h after λ-carrageenan administration. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be due to the decreased levels of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as the inhibition of NO and MDA levels through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd. The contents of two active compounds, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, were quantitatively determined. This study demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of RTEtOH and provided evidence to support its therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shiang Tsai
- 1 Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liao JC, Chang WT, Lee MS, Chiu YJ, Chao WK, Lin YC, Lin MK, Peng WH. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Cuscuta chinensis seeds in mice. Am J Chin Med 2014; 42:223-42. [PMID: 24467546 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Cuscuta chinensis, Cuscutae Semen, are commonly used as a medicinal material for treating the aching and weakness of the loins and knees, tonifying the defects of the liver and the kidney, and treating the diarrhea due to hypofunction of the kidney and the spleen. Since aching and inflammation are highly correlated with such diseases, the aim of this study is to investigate the possible antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the seeds of C. chinensis. The antinociceptive effect of the seeds of C. chinensis was evaluated via the acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking methods. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated via the λ-carrageenan induced mouse paw edema method. The results found that 100 and 500 mg/kg of the methanol extract of the seeds of C. chinensis( CC MeOH ) significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) the writhing response in the acetic acid assay. Additionally, 20-500 mg/kg of CC MeOH significantly decreased licking time at the early (20 and 100 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and late phases (100 mg/kg, p < 0.01; 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001) of the formalin test, respectively. Furthermore, CC MeOH (100 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) edema paw volume four hours after λ-carrageenan had been injected. The results in the following study also revealed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CC MeOH may be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. In addition, CC MeOH also decreased IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, and COX-2 levels. This is the first study to demonstrate the possible mechanisms for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of CC MeOH in vivo. Thus, it provides evidence for the treatment of Cuscutae Semen in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan , Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Tsai DS, Chang YS, Li TC, Peng WH. Prescription pattern of Chinese herbal products for hypertension in Taiwan: a population-based study. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:1534-1540. [PMID: 25091464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been commonly used in Asia country. The aim of this study is to analyze the utilization of TCM among hypertensive patients in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The use of TCM for primary hypertensive patients was evaluated using a randomly sampled cohort of 1,000,0s recruited from the National Health Insurance Research Database in 5-year period from 2006 to 2010. RESULTS Overall, 49.7% (n=42,586) of primary hypertension utilized TCM and 12.1% (n=5132) of them used TCM for the treatment of hypertension. Among the top 10 most frequently prescribed herbal formulae, Tian-Ma-Gou-Teng-Yin, Gout-Teng-San, Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wang and its derivatives were found to be the most common herbal formulae prescribed by TCM doctors for the treatment of hypertension in Taiwan. CONCLUSION This study showed the utilization pattern of Chinese herbal product in patients with hypertension. Further researches and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these Chinese formulae or its ingredients in treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Shiang Tsai
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Care Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chao J, Huo TI, Cheng HY, Tsai JC, Liao JW, Lee MS, Qin XM, Hsieh MT, Pao LH, Peng WH. Gallic acid ameliorated impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96969. [PMID: 24918580 PMCID: PMC4053315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a naturally abundant plant phenolic compound in vegetables and fruits, has been shown to have potent anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activity. However, the effects of GA on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of GA administration on nutritional hepatosteatosis model by a more “holistic view” approach, namely 1H NMR-based metabolomics, in order to prove efficacy and to obtain information that might lead to a better understanding of the mode of action of GA. Male C57BL/6 mice were placed for 16 weeks on either a normal chow diet, a high fat diet (HFD, 60%), or a high fat diet supplemented with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, orally). Liver histopathology and serum biochemical examinations indicated that the daily administration of GA protects against hepatic steatosis, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and insulin resistance among the HFD-induced NAFLD mice. In addition, partial least squares discriminant analysis scores plots demonstrated that the cluster of HFD fed mice is clearly separated from the normal group mice plots, indicating that the metabolic characteristics of these two groups are distinctively different. Specifically, the GA-treated mice are located closer to the normal group of mice, indicating that the HFD-induced disturbances to the metabolic profile were partially reversed by GA treatment. Our results show that the hepatoprotective effect of GA occurs in part through a reversing of the HFD caused disturbances to a range of metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism (glycolysis and gluconeogenesis), amino acids metabolism, choline metabolism and gut-microbiota-associated metabolism. Taken together, this study suggested that a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach is a useful platform for natural product functional evaluation. The selected metabolites are potentially useful as preventive action biomarkers and could also be used to help our further understanding of the effect of GA in hepatosteatosis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ia Huo
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (LHP)
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WHP); (LHP)
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Liao JC, Tsai JC, Liu CY, Huang HC, Wu LY, Peng WH. Antidepressant-like activity of turmerone in behavioral despair tests in mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:299. [PMID: 24176021 PMCID: PMC3840684 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-depressive activity of turmerone after one-week administration by using a mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Methods Animals were divided into four groups (n = 10 /group): control (0.9% saline), the three doses of turmerone (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg) for one-week treatment. To assess the effect of turmerone on locomotor activity, mice were evaluated in the open-field paradigm. Forced swimming test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST) were used to take as a measure of antidepressant activity. The probable mechanisms of action of the anti-depressive effect of turmerone was also investigated by measuring the activity of monoamine oxidase-A and corticosterone levels in the blood and the levels of monoamines in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus of the mice. Results Turmerone (2.5, 5.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both the FST and TST, but it did not significantly affect the ambulatory and total movements of mice. However, hyperactivity might explain the results. In addition, turmerone decreased the corticosterone level in the blood while it increased the levels of 5-HT in cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, the level of NE in striatum and hippocampus, the levels of MHPG and DOPAC in hypothalamus, the level of 5-HIAA in striatum, and the level of DA in striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Turmerone (2.5, 5.0 mg/kg) decreased the activity of MAO-A in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of mouse brain. Conclusions After one-week administration, turmerone produced antidepressant-like effects. The mechanisms of action of anti-depressive effect of turmerone seemed to involve an increase of the monoamines level decreasing the MAO-A activity and the stress of mice.
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Liao JC, Tsai JC, Peng WH, Chiu YJ, Sung PJ, Tsuzoki M, Kuo YH. Anti-inflammatory activity of N-(3-florophenyl)ethylcaffeamide in mice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15199-211. [PMID: 23887648 PMCID: PMC3759856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of one synthetic product, N-(3-Florophenyl)ethylcaffeamide (abbrev. FECA), by using animal model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of FECA was determined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The results showed that FECA reduced the paw edema at three, four and five hours after λ-carrageenan administration. The levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α, and MDA in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws were reduced and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in liver tissues were raised by FECA. These results suggested that FECA possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be related to the decrease of the levels of COX-2, NO, and TNF-α in inflamed tissues and the increase in the MDA level by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5505) (W.-H.P.); Fax: +886-4-2407-5683 (W.-H.P.)
| | - Yung-Jia Chiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Minoru Tsuzoki
- Nihon Pharmaceutica University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5505) (W.-H.P.); Fax: +886-4-2407-5683 (W.-H.P.)
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Chao J, Liao JW, Peng WH, Lee MS, Pao LH, Cheng HY. Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Ethanol Extract of Mahonia oiwakensis Stem. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2928-45. [PMID: 23364614 PMCID: PMC3588023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate pharmacological properties of ethanol extracted from Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata stems (MOS(EtOH)). The pharmacological properties included antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The protoberberine alkaloid content of the MOS(EtOH) was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that three alkaloids, berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine, could be identified. Moreover, the MOS(EtOH) exhibited antioxidative activity using the DPPH assay (IC(50), 0.743 mg/mL). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of MOS(EtOH) was five times higher that that of vitamin C. MOS(EtOH) was also found to inhibit pain induced by acetic acid, formalin, and carrageenan inflammation. Treatment with MOS(EtOH) (100 and 500 mg/kg) or silymarin (200 mg/kg) decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels compared with the CCl(4)-treated group. Histological evaluation showed that MOS(EtOH) reduced the degree of liver injury, including vacuolization, inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect of MOS(EtOH) were found to be related to the modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver and decreases in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) contents. Our findings suggest that MOS(EtOH) has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. These effects support the use of MOS(EtOH) for relieving pain and inflammation in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (M.-S.L.)
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Department of biotechnology, Trans World University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-5-2658880 (ext. 227); Fax: +886-5-2658913
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Lee MS, Chao J, Yen JC, Lin LW, Tsai FS, Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Cheng HY. Schizandrin protects primary rat cortical cell cultures from glutamate-induced apoptosis by inhibiting activation of the MAPK family and the mitochondria dependent pathway. Molecules 2012; 18:354-72. [PMID: 23271470 PMCID: PMC6270204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-induced excitotoxicity has been implicated in a variety of neuronal degenerative disorders. In the present study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of schizandrin against apoptosis of primary cultured rat cortical cells induced by glutamate. Glutamate (10 μM) administered for 24 h decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) protein, whereas increased the expression of Bax, Bak, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), endonuclease G (Nodo G) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of caspase-12. Pretreatment with schizandrin (100 μM) before glutamate treatment increased the Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 expression and decreased Bax, Bak, AIF, Nodo G and caspase-12 compared with those only treated with glutamate. Furthermore, glutamate-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and these effects were attenuated by schizandrin (100 μM) treatment. These results suggest that schizandrin possesses the neuroprotective effects. The molecular mechanisms of schizandrin against glutamate-induced apoptosis may involve the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins expression, and ER stress through blocking the activation of JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); mthsieh@ mail.cmu.edu.tw (M.-T.H.)
| | - Jung Chao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.C.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.C.); (J.-C.Y.)
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-W.L.); (F.-S.T.)
| | - Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan; E-Mails: (L.-W.L.); (F.-S.T.)
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); mthsieh@ mail.cmu.edu.tw (M.-T.H.)
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); mthsieh@ mail.cmu.edu.tw (M.-T.H.)
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
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Liu CY, Lin YC, Deng JS, Liao JC, Peng WH, Huang GJ. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of Taxillus sutchuenensis. Am J Chin Med 2012; 40:335-48. [PMID: 22419427 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is related to several chronic diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser is a special folk medicinal plant in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of the aqueous-thanol extract from T. sutchuenensis (AETS) and its fractions. TEAC, DPPH radicals, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation were tested. Among all fractions, the ethyl-acetate (EA) fraction showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The EA fraction also had the highest polyphenol and flavonoid content. The EA fractions also decreased LPS-induced NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. The antiproliferative activities of the aqueous/ethanol extract and fractions were studied in vitro using A549 cells, and the results were consistent with their antioxidant capacities. EA fractions had the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC(50) of 454.38 ± 1.48 μg/ml. Quercetin also had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities. Quercetin might be an important bioactive compound in T. sutchuenensis. The experimental data indicated that T. sutchuenensis is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and such efficacy may be mainly attributed to its polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Liu
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Liao JC, Lin KH, Cheng HY, Wu JB, Hsieh MT, Peng WH. Actinidia rubricaulisAttenuates Hepatic Fibrosis Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2012; 35:81-8. [PMID: 17265553 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extracts of Actinidia rubricaulis (AR) on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4) in rats. CCl4(20%, 0.5 ml/rat) was given twice a week for 8 weeks, and animals received AR throughout the entire experimental period. AR reduced the elevated levels of serum glutamate-oxalate-transaminase (sGOT) and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (sGPT) caused by CCl4at weeks 1,3,6, and 8. The biochemical data were consistent with those of the histological observations. The AR extract recovered the CCl4-induced liver injury and showed antioxidant effect in assays of antioxidant enzyme activity, such as SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-Rd. Based on these results, we suggest that the hepatoprotective effect of the AR is related to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- Graduated Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Lai SC, Peng WH, Huang SC, Ho YL, Huang TH, Lai ZR, Chang YS. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract fromDesmodium triflorumDC in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2012; 37:573-88. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of methanol extract from Desmodium triflorum DC (MDT) by using animal models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MDT was investigated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In order to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT, we detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver, the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th hour after λ-carrageenan administration. On the other hand, MDT increased the activities of SOD and GRd in liver tissues and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 3rd hour after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation. MDT also affected the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, NO and MDA which were induced by λ-carrageenan. The results suggested that MDT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT might be related to the decreases in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD and GRd in the liver, and the NO level via regulating the IL-1β production and the level of TNF-α in the inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chieh Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Rung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai ZR, Peng WH, Ho YL, Huang SC, Huang TH, Lai SC, Ku YR, Tsai JC, Wang CY, Chang YS. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofKalanchoe gracilis(L.) DC Stem in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2012; 38:529-46. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of the methanol extract of Kalanchoe gracilis (MKGS) stem in animal models by inducing writhing response with acetic acid and conducting formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MKGS was also estimated on mice with λ-carrageenan induced paw edema model. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS, we analyzed the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic tests, MKGS (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased both the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MKGS (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hours after λ-carrageenan had been administrated. Furthermore, MKGS increased the activities of SOD and GRx in liver tissues and decreased MDA level in the edema paws three hours after λ-carrageenan was injected. MKGS also affected the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO induced by λ-carrageenan. All these results suggested that MKGS possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS might be related to the lowering of MDA level in the edema paw via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GRx in the liver, as well as the decreases in the levels of TNF-α and NO, and the production of IL-1β in inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Rung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chieh Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoe-Ray Ku
- Bureau of Food and Drug Analysis, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chao J, Lee MS, Amagaya S, Liao JW, Wu JB, Ho LK, Peng WH. Hepatoprotective Effect ofShidagonglaoon Acute Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride. Am J Chin Med 2012; 37:1085-97. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0900751x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract from Shidagonglao roots (SDGLEtOH). The hepatoprotective effect of SDGLEtOH(20, 100 and 500 mg/kg) was analyzed on carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. Rats pretreated orally with SDGLEtOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days prior to the administration of a single dose of 50% CCl4(0.10 ml/100 g of bw, ip) significantly prevented the increases in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCl4-treated rats. Histological analysis also showed that SDGLEtOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) and silymarin reduced the incidence of liver lesions including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis of hepatocytes induced by CCl4in rats. Moreover, the SDGLEtOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) increased the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver, as compared to those in the CCl4-treated group. Furthermore, SDGLEtOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) and silymarin attenuated the increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum and nitric oxide ( NO ) in liver as compared to the CCl4-treated group. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of SDGLEtOHare likely related to inhibition of TNF-α, MDA and NO productions via increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GRd). These experimental results suggest that SDGLEtOHcan attenuate CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Chao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sakae Amagaya
- Department of Kampo Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Japan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kang Ho
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin YC, Cheng HY, Huang TH, Huang HW, Lee YH, Peng WH. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofTorenia concolorLindley var.formosanaYamazaki and Betulin in Mice. Am J Chin Med 2012; 37:97-111. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was intended to examine the analgesic effect of the 70% methanol extract of Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki (TCMeOH) and betulin using models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of TCMeOHand betulin using model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema. We observed the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GR) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw. The results showed that TCMeOH(1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg), significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response. TCMeOH(2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formalin-induced licking time during both the early and late phases. TCMeOH(0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also significantly decreased the paw edema at the 4th hour after λ-carrageenan injection. Furthermore, TCMeOHand betulin treatment also significantly increased the activities of SOD, GR and GPx in the liver while decreasing the level of MDA in the edema paw. Finally, betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also caused considerable reduction of NO level in the edema paw. Taken together, the present results indicated that TCMeOHand betulin possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TCMeOHand betulin may be related to decreasing the levels of MDA and NO in the edema paw by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen-Hu, Xi Zhou Li, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liao CR, Chang YS, Peng WH, Lai SC, Ho YL. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. in mice. Am J Chin Med 2012; 40:581-97. [PMID: 22745072 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EO(MeOH)). EO(MeOH) was evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EO(MeOH) were detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EO(MeOH) decreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EO(MeOH) decreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EO(MeOH) increased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EO(MeOH) exhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EO(MeOH), two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EO(MeOH) and were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EO(MeOH). It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EO(MeOH) may be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EO(MeOH) decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ren Liao
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
The aims of this study intended to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanol extract from Scoparia dulcis (SDE) and betulinic acid on λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SDE and betulinic acid was examined by detecting the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The betulinic acid content in SDE was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the anti-inflammatory model, the results showed that SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and betulinic acid (20 and 40 mg/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4 and 5 h after λ-carrageenan administration. Moreover, SDE and betulinic acid affected the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws. The activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver tissue were increased and the MDA levels in the edema paws were decreased. It is suggested that SDE and betulinic acid possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms appear to be related to the reduction of the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in inflamed tissues, as well as the inhibition of MDA level via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd. The analytical result showed that the content of betulinic acid in SDE was 6.25 mg/g extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chieh Tsai
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chiu CS, Chiu YJ, Wu LY, Lu TC, Huang TH, Hsieh MT, Lu CY, Peng WH. Diosgenin ameliorates cognition deficit and attenuates oxidative damage in senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Am J Chin Med 2011; 39:551-63. [PMID: 21598421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the senescent mice induced by d-galactose (D-gal). The mice in the experiments were orally administered with diosgenin (1, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg), for four weeks from the sixth week. The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanism involved in the neuroprotective effect of diosgenin on the mice brain tissue were investigated. Diosgenin (5, 25 and 125 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significantly improved learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to D-gal treated mice (200 mg/kg, ten weeks). Diosgenin also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the brain of D-gal treated mice. These results indicated that diosgenin has the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment. In addition, the memory enhancing effect of diosgenin may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Sung Chiu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Taiwan
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Dung TD, Chang HC, Chen CY, Peng WH, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Kuo WW, Chen LM, Huang CY. Zanthoxylum avicennae extracts induce cell apoptosis through protein phosphatase 2A activation in HA22T human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and block tumor growth in xenografted nude mice. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28:927-36. [PMID: 21874223 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbs as alternative cancer therapies has attracted a great deal of attention owing to their lower toxicity. Whether Zanthoxylum avicennae (Ying Bu Bo, YBB) induces liver cancer cell apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of YBB extracts (YBBEs) on HA22T human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. HA22T cells were treated with different concentrations of YBBEs and analyzed with Western blot analysis, TUNEL, JC-1 staining and siRNA transfection assays. Additionally, the HA22T-implanted xenograft nude mice model was applied to confirm the cellular effects. YBBEs-induced apoptosis, up-regulated death receptor apoptotic pathway markers as well as mitochondrial proteins, and suppressed the survival proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins were inhibited and the pro-apoptotic ones were increased. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) siRNA or okadaic acid reversed the YBBEs effects, confirming the role of PP2A in YBBEs-induced HA22T apoptosis. All our experimental evidence indicates that YBBEs significantly promote HA22T apoptosis and reduce tumor sizes in xenograft nude mice via PP2A in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duc Dung
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Tien YC, Liao JC, Chiu CS, Huang TH, Huang CY, Chang WT, Peng WH. Esculetin ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-mediated hepatic apoptosis in rats. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4053-67. [PMID: 21747724 PMCID: PMC3131608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12064053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin (ESC) is a coumarin that is present in several plants such as Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Artemisia capillaris. Our previous study found that FR ethanol extract (FREtOH) significantly ameliorated rats’ liver function. This study was intended to investigate the protective mechanism of ESC in hepatic apoptosis in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride. Rat hepatic apoptosis was induced by oral administration of CCl4. All rats were administered orally with CCl4 (20%, 0.5 mL/rat) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in the ESC groups were treated daily with ESC, and silymarin group were treated daily with silymarin. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as well as the activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in the liver were measured. In addition, expression of liver apoptosis proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins were detected. ESC (100, 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated activities of serum ALT and AST caused by CCl4 and significantly increased the activities of catalase, GPx and SOD. Furthermore, ESC (100, 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of the proapoptotic proteins (t-Bid, Bak and Bad) and significantly increased the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). ESC inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. In addition, the levels of activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 were significantly decreased in rats treated with ESC than those in rats treated with CCl4 alone. ESC significantly reduced CCl4-induced hepatic apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Tien
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Chuan-Sung Chiu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
- Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hung Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-C.L.); (T.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih road, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-C.T.); (C.-S.C.); (W.-T.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366; Fax: +886-4-2407-5683
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Lu TC, Liao JC, Huang TH, Lin YC, Liu CY, Chiu YJ, Peng WH. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract from Pogostemon cablin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011; 2011:671741. [PMID: 19933324 PMCID: PMC3136839 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (PC) is a herbal medicine traditionally applied to treat not only common cold, nausea and diarrhea but also headache and fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of standardized PC methanol extract (PCMeOH) in vivo. Investigations were performed in mice with two analgesic models. One was acetic acid-induced writhing response and the other formalin-induced paw licking. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested by λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced mice paw edema. These analgesic experimental results indicated that PCMeOH (1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses and PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. Moreover, Carr-induced paw edema inflammation was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) was administered 3 and 4 h after the Carr injection. Mechanistic studies showed that PCMeOH decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in the edema paw by increasing the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, in the liver and decreasing the cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α activities in the edema paw. This study has demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of PCMeOH, thus verifying its popular use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chun Lu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91, Hsieh Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsai JC, Peng WH, Chiu TH, Huang SC, Huang TH, Lai SC, Lai ZR, Lee CY. Hepatoprotective effect of Scoparia dulcis on carbon tetrachloride induced acute liver injury in mice. Am J Chin Med 2011; 38:761-75. [PMID: 20626061 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective activity and active constituents of the ethanol extract of Scoparia dulcis (SDE). The hepatoprotective effect of SDE (0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/kg) was evaluated on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury. The active constituents were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mice pretreated orally with SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and silymarin (200 mg/kg) for five consecutive days before the administering of a single dose of 0.2% CCl(4) (10 ml/kg of bw, ip) showed a significant inhibition of the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Histological analyses also showed that SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and silymarin reduced the extent of liver lesions induced by CCl(4), including vacuole formation, neutrophil infiltration and necrosis. Moreover, SDE decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and elevated the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver as compared to those in the CCl(4) group. Furthermore, SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) enhanced the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The quantities of active constituents in SDE were about 3.1 mg luteolin/g extract and 1.1 mg apigenin/g extract. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of SDE were likely associated to the decrease in MDA level and increase in GSH level by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPx, GRd and GST. These results demonstrated that SDE could alleviate CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury in mice.
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Chen CY, Peng WH, Wu LC, Wu CC, Hsu SL. Luteolin ameliorates experimental lung fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro: implications for therapy of lung fibrosis. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:11653-61. [PMID: 20958047 DOI: 10.1021/jf1031668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) has been known as an anti-inflammatory herb in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years and is used constantly for upper respiratory tract infections. Luteolin, an active flavonoid compound isolated from Lonicera japonica, has a spectrum of biological activities, especially with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether luteolin has a direct inhibitory effect on lung fibrosis has not been established. In this study, we examined the effects of luteolin on lung fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. We found that oral administration of luteolin (10 mg/kg) efficiently suppressed the neutrophil infiltration as well as TNF-α and IL-6 elevation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in bleomycin-instilled C57BL/6J mice. Luteolin also alleviated collagen deposition, TGF-β1 expression, and lung fibrosis upon bleomycin instillation. A similar tendency was observed in both early and delayed luteolin-treated groups. Next, our in vitro studies showed that luteolin inhibited TGF-β1-induced α-SMA, type I collagen, and vimentin expression in primary cultured mouse lung fibroblasts. Moreover, luteolin significantly blocked TGF-β1-mediated epithelial marker (E-cadherin) downregulation and mesenchymal cell markers (fibronectin and vimentin) upregulation, as well as retaining epithelial morphology in human alveolar epithelial-derived A549 cells. Additionally, luteolin could attenuate TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation in both lung fibroblasts and A549 cells. These findings suggest that luteolin has a potent antifibrotic activity; this effect was mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of lung inflammation and suppression of myofibroblast differentiation as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Healing Sciences, Nanhua University, Chia-Yi 622, Taiwan
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Chang HY, Sheu MJ, Yang CH, Lu TC, Chang YS, Peng WH, Huang SS, Huang GJ. Analgesic effects and the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of hispolon in mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2010; 2011:478246. [PMID: 19349477 PMCID: PMC3136186 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hispolon, an active ingredient in the fungi Phellinus linteus was evaluated with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male ICR mice with hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing response. Also, our result showed that hispolon (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formalin-induced pain in the later phase (P<.01). In the anti-inflammatory test, hispolon (20 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema at the fourth and fifth hour after λ-carrageenin (Carr) administration, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver tissue. We also demonstrated that hispolon significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) decreased the nitric oxide (NO) levels on both the edema paw and serum level at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Also, hispolon (10 and 20 mg/kg) diminished the serum TNF-α at the fifth hour after Carr injection. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hispolon might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRx in the liver. It probably exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of TNF-α and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Tien YC, Lin JY, Lai CH, Kuo CH, Lin WY, Tsai CH, Tsai FJ, Cheng YC, Peng WH, Huang CY. Carthamus tinctorius L. prevents LPS-induced TNFalpha signaling activation and cell apoptosis through JNK1/2-NFkappaB pathway inhibition in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:505-513. [PMID: 20538053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Severe and potentially fatal hypotension and cardiac contractile dysfunction are common symptoms in patients with sepsis. In our previous study, we found that estradiol and estrogen-receptor alpha have cardio-protective effects in myocardial cells exposed to LPS. Estradiol supplementation has been shown to induce breast and cervical cancers. Flos Carthami, the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae) is an important traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of heart disease and inflammation, and therefore might be a potential alternative to Estradiol in the prevention of heart damage. This study investigated the effect of Flos Carthami (FC(EtOH)) ethanolic extract on LPS-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cells induced apoptosis with LPS administration (1 microg/mL). H9c2 cells were divided into five groups: Control, LPS (1 microg/mL), and three FC(EtOH) (31.25, 62.5,and 125 microg/mL). We detected apoptosis using MTT, LDH, TUNEL assay. JC-1 staining and Western blot were used to detect pro-apoptosis proteins, anti-apoptosis proteins, MAPK proteins (JNK, ERK, and P38), and NFkappaB expression. RESULTS FC(EtOH) (62.5 microg/mL) inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing JNK1/2 activity, which resulted in the reduction of both IkappaB degradation and NFkappaB activation. In addition, FC(EtOH) led to the activation of anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, the stabilization of the mitochondria membrane and the down-regulation of extrinsic and intrinsic pro-apoptotic proteins, such as TNFalpha, active caspase-8, t-Bid, Bax, active caspases-9, and -3. CONCLUSIONS Carthamus tinctorius L. possesses the ability to suppress JNK activity and inhibit LPS-induced TNFalpha activation and apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Carthamus tinctorius L could potentially serve as a cardio-protective agent against LPS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chen Tien
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Peng WH, Tien YC, Huang CY, Huang TH, Liao JC, Kuo CL, Lin YC. Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats via down-regulating the expressions of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:606-613. [PMID: 20035854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract (FR(EtOH)) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat hepatic fibrosis was induced by oral administration of CCl(4). Sixty SD rats were divided randomly into 6 groups: control, CCl(4) group, silymarin group and three FR(EtOH)-treated groups. Except for the rats in control group, all rats were administered orally with CCl(4) (20%, 0.2 mL/100g body weight) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rats in FR(EtOH) groups were treated daily with FR(EtOH) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, p.o.) throughout the whole experimental period. Liver function parameters (such as activities of serum GOT and GPT levels), activities of liver anti-oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, SOD, GPx) and expressions of uPA, tPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, -2, -3, -4 in the liver fibrosis pathway were detected. RESULTS The results showed that FR(EtOH) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg BW) significantly reduced the elevated activities of sGOT and sGPT caused by CCl(4). FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) and significantly increased the activities of GSH-Px. The histopathological study showed that FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, lymphocytes infiltration, cytoplasm vacuolization hepatic necrosis and fibrous connective tissue proliferated induced by CCl(4) in rats. In our study it was showed that CCl(4)-treated group significantly increased the protein levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. FR(EtOH) (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg BW) could inhibit the protein levels of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Finally, the amount of esculetin in the FR(EtOH) was 33.54 mg/g extract. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of FR(EtOH) significantly reduces CCl(4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, probably by exerting a protective effect against hepatocellular fibrosis by its free radical scavenging ability. FR(EtOH) down-regulated the expressions of uPA, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in CCl(4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chiu CS, Deng JS, Hsieh MT, Fan MJ, Lee MM, Chueh FS, Han CK, Lin YC, Peng WH. Yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) ameliorates cognition deficit and attenuates oxidative damage in senescent mice induced by D-galactose. Am J Chin Med 2010; 37:889-902. [PMID: 19885949 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to access the neuroprotective effect of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) on the senescent mice induced by D-gal. The mice in the experiments were administered orally with yam (20, 100 or 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks, from the sixth week). The learning and memory abilities of the mice in Morris water maze test and the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of yam on the mice brain tissue were investigated. The content of diosgenin in the yam was also detected by using HPLC. Mice treated with yam were found to significantly improve their learning and memory abilities in Morris water maze test compared to those treated with D-gal (200 mg/kg for 10 weeks). In addition, yam was also found to increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level on the brains of D-gal treated mice. Finally, the amount of diosgenin in the yam was 5.49 mg/g extract. To sum up, these results indicate that yam had the potential to be a useful treatment for cognitive impairment in TCM. Its beneficial effect may be partly mediated via enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Sung Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ko YJ, Lu TC, Kitanaka S, Liu CY, Wu JB, Kuo CL, Cheng HY, Lin YC, Peng WH. Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extracts from Three FlemingiaSpecies. Am J Chin Med 2010; 38:625-638. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1000810x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
I-Tiao-Gung has long been used in the Kinmen area of Taiwan as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of rheumatic illness. The roots of Flemingia lineata (FL), Flemingia macrophylla (FM) and Flemingia prostrata (FP) are also used as I-Tiao-Gung in the Taiwan markets. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic effect of aqueous extracts of Flemingia lineata (FL), Flemingia macrophylla (FM), and Flemingia prostrata (FP) by acetic acid-induced writhing response, formalin test, and the anti-inflammatory effect of FM, FL and FP by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. We also detected the changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of liver in the λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FL and FM.The results showed that FL and FM significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced licking time during the late phase (p < 0.001). FL and FM also significantly decreased the λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema (p < 0.001). FL and FM significantly increased the GRx and GPx activities in the liver and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw (p < 0.001).These results indicated that FL and FM possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of FL and FM might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of GPx and GRx in the liver and decreasing the NO level in the edema paw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Ko
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chun Lu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinidai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Chia Yu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen-Hu, Xi Zhou Li, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- School of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No.1-10, Hubei Village, Dalin Township, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sha-Luen-Hu, Xi Zhou Li, Hou-Loung Town, Miaoli County 35664, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University and Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsai FS, Cheng HY, Hsieh MT, Wu CR, Lin YC, Peng WH. The Ameliorating Effects of Luteolin on Beta-Amyloid-Induced Impairment of Water Maze Performance and Passive Avoidance in Rats. Am J Chin Med 2010; 38:279-291. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of luteolin on Aβ (1-40)-induced impairment of Morris water maze (MWM) spatial performance, reference memory, and passive avoidance (PA) behavior in rats. Luteolin treatment was started 4 days before the initiation of behavioral testing (passive avoidance on treatment day of 4–5; MWM spatial performance memory testing on treatment day of 5–7 and MWM reference memory testing on treatment day of 7) and continued until the end of the study. We also measured the activity of Mn-SOD , copper/zinc (Cu/Zn)-SOD and glutathione (GSH) levels in rat cortex and hippocampus to understand the ameliorating effect of luteolin on Aβ (1-40) induced memory impairment. The present results showed that luteolin (5, 10 mg/kg) has a protective effect on Aβ (1-40)-induced memory dysfunction in spatial performance, reference memory, and inhibitory avoidance response impairment. Finally, luteolin also increases the level of Mn-SOD , (Cu/Zn)-SOD and glutathione (GSH) in the cortex and hippocampus to reduce the oxidative stress by Aβ (1-40). Taken together, the results in this study suggest that luteolin (5, 10 mg/kg) treatment improves the learning and memory in Aβ (1-40)-induced cognition deficit in rats. The ameliorating mechanisms of luteolin on Aβ (1-40)-induced amnesia may be related to activating the anti-oxidation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, Diaw University, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, No. 1-10, Hubei Village, Dalin Township, Chiayi County 622, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsuen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, No. 79-9, Sijhou Village, Houlong Township, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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