1
|
Khalifa NE, Noreldin AE, Khafaga AF, El-Beskawy M, Khalifa E, El-Far AH, Fayed AHA, Zakaria A. Chia seeds oil ameliorate chronic immobilization stress-induced neurodisturbance in rat brains via activation of the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory/antiapoptotic signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22409. [PMID: 38104182 PMCID: PMC10725506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic immobilization stress plays a key role in several neuropsychiatric disorders. This investigation assessed the possible ameliorative effect of chia seed oil (CSO) against the neurodisturbance-induced in rats by chronic immobilization. Rats were randomly allocated into control, CSO (1 ml/kg b.wt./orally), restrained (6 h/day), CSO pre-restraint, and CSO post-restraint for 60 days. Results revealed a significant reduction in serum corticosterone level, gene expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative biomarkers in restrained rats treated with CSO. The histopathological findings revealed restoring necrosis and neuronal loss in CSO-treated-restraint rats. The immunohistochemical evaluation revealed a significant reduction in the immuno-expression of caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and an elevation of calbindin-28k and synaptophysin expression compared to non-treated restraint rats. The molecular docking showed the CSO high affinity for several target proteins, including caspase-3, COX-2, corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein, corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2, interleukin-1 receptor types 1 and 2, interleukin-6 receptor subunits alpha and beta. In conclusion, CSO emerges as a promising candidate against stress-induced brain disruptions by suppressing inflammatory/oxidative/apoptotic signaling pathways due to its numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components, mainly α-linolenic acid. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the CSO therapeutic impacts in human neurodisturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Beskawy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51511, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51511, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hasseb A Fayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Abdeldayem Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang HD, Tang ZS, Xue TT, Xu HL, Hou BL, Zhu YY, Su ZH, Xu HB. Monoterpenoids from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus and their inhibitory effects on neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, andcyclooxygenase-2 in vitro. Phytochemistry 2023; 215:113851. [PMID: 37683990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four monoterpenoids, including three previously undescribed compounds (1-3), were isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith (Acanthopanacis Cortex). Their structures were unambiguously established based on spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESIMS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR), and the absolute configurations of 1-3 were elucidated by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In addition, the structure of 8 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The inhibitory activities of 1-24 against neutrophil elastase, 5-lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied in vitro for the first time, and the results showed that compound 24 possessed a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.53 ± 0.10 μΜ. This research first reported the presence of monoterpenoids in Acanthopanacis Cortex, including one monoterpenoid 2 with an unusual 4/5 bicyclic lactone system, and compounds 4 and 5 have never been reported in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Dong Yang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China
| | - Tao-Tao Xue
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Huai-Li Xu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Ya-Ya Zhu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Zeng-Hu Su
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Hong-Bo Xu
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdel-Baki PM, Ibrahim RM, Mahdy NE. Ferocactus herrerae Fruits: Nutritional Significance, Phytochemical Profiling, and Biological Potentials. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2022; 77:545-551. [PMID: 36040657 PMCID: PMC9606082 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports for the first time the nutritional, fruit volatiles, phytochemical, and biological characteristics of Ferocactus herrerae J. G. Ortega fruits. The nutritional analysis revealed that carbohydrate (20.6%) was the most abundant nutrient followed by dietary fibers (11.8%), lipids (0.9%), and proteins (0.8%). It was rich in vitamins, minerals, essential, and non-essential amino acids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the headspace-extracted volatiles showed that 3-methyl octadecane (35.72 ± 2.38%) was the major constituent detected. Spectrophotometric determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the fruit methanolic extract (ME) showed high total phenolic [9.17 ± 0.87 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)] and flavonoid [4.99 ± 0.23 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE)] contents. The ME was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), which allowed for both qualitative and quantitative estimation of 16 phenolic compounds. Caffeic acid was the major phenolic acid identified [45.03 ± 0.45 mg/100 g dried powdered fruits (DW)] while quercitrin (52.65 ± 0.31 mg/100 g DW), was the major flavonoid detected. In-vitro assessment of the antioxidant capacities of the ME revealed pronounced activity using three comparative methods; 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (132.06 ± 2.1 μM Trolox equivalent (TE) /g), 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), (241.1 ± 5.03 uM TE/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (258.9 ± 1.75 uM TE/g). Besides, remarkable anti-inflammatory [COX-1 (IC50 = 20.2 ± 1.1 μg/mL) and COX-2 (IC50 = 9.8 ± 0.64 μg/mL)] and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.39 mg/mL) activities were observed. Finally, our results revealed that these fruits could be used effectively as functional foods and nutraceuticals suggesting an increase in their propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Passent M Abdel-Baki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Nariman E Mahdy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Katsipis G, Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA. Salivary GFAP as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and its correlation with neuroinflammation and apoptosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577744. [PMID: 34655990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main constituent of the astrocytic cytoskeleton, overexpressed during reactive astrogliosis-a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). GFAP and established biomarkers of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and apoptosis have been determined in the saliva of amnestic-single-domain Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (Ν = 20), AD (Ν = 20) patients, and cognitively healthy Controls (Ν = 20). Salivary GFAP levels were found significantly decreased in MCI and AD patients and were proven an excellent biomarker for discriminating Controls from MCI or AD patients. GFAP levels correlate with studied biomarkers and Aβ42, IL-1β, and caspase-8 are its main predictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsipis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena E Tzekaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Neurology Department, "AHEPA" University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berenguer-Rivas CA, Escalona-Arranz JC, Llauradó-Maury G, Van der Auwera A, Piazza S, Méndez-Rodríguez D, Foubert K, Cos P, Pieters L. Anti-inflammatory effect of Adelia ricinella L. aerial parts. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:553-559. [PMID: 33793832 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the main chemical components and the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of Adelia ricinella L. aerial parts. METHODS Three extracts obtained by soxhlet extraction and ethanol/water mixtures were evaluated in their chemical composition by UPLC-DAD-MS/MS. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the prepared extracts was assessed through three different assays: COX-1 and COX-2 enzymatic inhibition, cell-based COX assays on RAW264.7 macrophages (ATCC) measuring the COX-2 protein expression by Western blot and the measurement of the PGE2 concentration in the supernatants of the culture medium. Also was determinate the effect of the three extracts on the RAW 264.7 cell viability. KEY FINDINGS Few differences in the phytochemical profile were found between the three prepared extracts, identifying a blend of thirteen flavonoids derived from luteolin and apigenin, with orientin as main constituent. Plant extracts (alcoholic and aqueous) did not affect the macrophage cell viability (IC50 > 256 μg/ml) and significantly reduced COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activities. Additionally, COX-2 expression and PGE2 release were suppressed after 24 h of LPS stimulation and treatment with plant extracts (8-64 µg/ml). CONCLUSIONS A. ricinella extracts showed the ability to reduce the inflammatory effect exerted by LPS in murine macrophages. However, further studies should confirm their anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Llauradó-Maury
- Center of Studies for Industrial Biotechnology (CEBI), Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Anastasia Van der Auwera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Milan/UNIMI, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Kenn Foubert
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Milan/UNIMI, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Cos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, University of Milan/UNIMI, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tudor DV, Bâldea I, Lupu M, Kacso T, Kutasi E, Hopârtean A, Stretea R, Gabriela Filip A. COX-2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in melanoma. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:20-31. [PMID: 32296574 PMCID: PMC7142851 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With a constantly increasing incidence, cutaneous melanoma has raised the need for a better understanding of its complex microenvironment that may further guide therapeutic options. Melanoma is a model tumor in immuno-oncology. Inflammation represents an important hallmark of cancer capable of inducing and sustaining tumor development. The inflammatory process also orchestrates the adaptative immunosuppression of tumor cells that helps them to evade immune destruction. Besides its role in proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a well-known promoter of immune suppression in melanoma. COX-2 inhibitors are closely involved in this condition. This review attempts to answer two controversial questions: is COX-2 a valuable prognostic factor? Among all COX-2 inhibitors, is celecoxib a suitable adjuvant in melanoma therapy?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Valentina Tudor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Teodor Kacso
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Andreea Hopârtean
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Roland Stretea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Adriana Gabriela Filip
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tellegen AR, Dessing AJ, Houben K, Riemers FM, Creemers LB, Mastbergen SC, Meij BP, Miranda-Bedate A, Tryfonidou MA. Dog as a Model for Osteoarthritis: The FGF4 Retrogene Insertion May Matter. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2550-2560. [PMID: 31373395 PMCID: PMC6899624 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with chronic pain and disability in humans and companion animals. The canine species can be subdivided into non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) and chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs, the latter having disproportionally short limbs due to disturbance in endochondral ossification of long bones. This phenotype is associated with retrogene insertions of the fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) gene, resulting in enhanced fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling. The effect on cartilage is unknown and in experimental studies with dogs, breeds are seemingly employed randomly. The aim of this study was to determine whether CD- and NCD-derived cartilage differs on a structural and biochemical level, and to explore the relationship between FGF4 associated chondrodystrophy and OA. Cartilage explants from CD and NCD dogs were cultured for 21 days. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling was assessed in primary canine chondrocytes. OA and synovitis severity from an experimental OA model were compared between healthy and OA samples from CD and NCD dogs. Release of glycosaminoglycans, DNA content, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression were higher in NCD cartilage explants. Healthy cartilage from NCD dogs displayed higher cartilage degeneration and synovitis scores, which was aggravated by the induction of OA. Dikkopf-3 gene expression was higher in NCD cartilage. No differences in other Wnt pathway read outs were found. To conclude, chondrodystrophy associated with the FGF4 retrogene seems to render CD dogs less susceptible to the development of OA when compared with NCD dogs. These differences should be considered when choosing a canine model to study the pathobiology and new treatment strategies of OA. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2550-2560, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Tellegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aileen J Dessing
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaat Houben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Björn P Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Miranda-Bedate
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carpinelli A, Rainone P, Belloli S, Reale A, Cappelli A, Germano G, Murtaj V, Coliva A, Di Grigoli G, Valeri A, Gilardi MC, Gianolli L, Anzini M, Moresco RM. Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 11C-VA426, a Cyclooxygenase-2 Selective Ligand. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2019; 2019:5823261. [PMID: 31598112 PMCID: PMC6778861 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5823261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the inflammatory response, and its recurrent overexpression in cancers as well as in neurodegenerative disorders has made it an important target for therapy. For this reason, noninvasive imaging of COX-2 expression may represent an important diagnostic tool. In this work, a COX-2 inhibitor analogue, VA426 [1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-(4-(methylsulfonil)phenyl)-1H-pyrrole], was synthesized and radiolabelled with the 11C radioisotope. The ex vivo biodistribution profile of 11C-VA426 was evaluated in the brain and periphery of healthy rats and mice and in brain and periphery of inflammation models, based on the administration of LPS. 11C-VA426 synthesis with the tBuOK base showed optimal radiochemical yield (15 ± 2%) based on triflate activity, molar activity (range 37-148 GBq/μmol), and radiochemical purity (>95%). Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed a fast uptake of radioactivity but a rapid washout, except in regions expressing COX-2 (lungs, liver, and kidney) both in rats and in mice, with maximum values at 30 and 10 minutes p.i., respectively. LPS administration did not show significant effect on radioactivity accumulation. Celecoxib competition experiments performed in rats and mice treated with LPS produced a general target unrelated reduction of radioactivity concentration in all peripheral tissues and brain areas examined. Finally, in agreement with the negative results obtained from biodistribution experiments, radiometabolites analysis revealed that 11C-VA426 is highly unstable in vivo. This study indicates that the compound 11C-VA426 is not currently suitable to be used as radiopharmaceutical for PET imaging. This family of compounds needs further implementation in order to improve in vivo stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Carpinelli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Doctorate School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Reale
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliani Germano
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Grigoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Valeri
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Gilardi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Luigi Gianolli
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE 2018–2022, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology of CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
- PET and Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Batista WR, Santos G, Vital FMR, Matos D. Immunoexpression of TS, p53, COX2, EGFR, MSH6 and MLH1 biomarkers and its correlation with degree of differentiation, tumor staging and prognostic factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective longitudinal study. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:33-38. [PMID: 31116268 PMCID: PMC9721211 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0270071218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are cases of colorectal tumors that, although small, show more aggressive evolution than large tumors. This motivated us to study whether there are any proteins capable of alerting about these changes. The aim here was to correlate the immunoexpression of the TS, p53, COX2, EGFR, MSH6 and MLH1 biomarkers in tumors in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, with the degree of cell differentiation, tumor staging and clinical-pathological prognostic factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective observational study at a public tertiary-level hospital. METHODS We analyzed tissue-microarray paraffin blocks of tumor tissues that had been resected from 107 patients. We used Fisher's exact test to study associations between tumor differentiation/staging and the immunoexpression of biomarkers. We also used Kaplan-Meier estimation, the log-rank test and the adjusted Cox regression model to investigate the patients' overall survival (in months) according to biomarkers and disease-free interval. RESULTS The degree of tumor differentiation and tumor staging were not associated with the biomarkers, except in cases of patients in stages III or IV, in which there was a correlation with MLH1 expression (P=0.021). Patient survival and disease-free interval were not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSION There were no associations between the degree of tumor differentiation, staging, length of survival or disease-free interval and the immunoexpression of the TS, p53, COX2, EGFR or MSH6 tumor markers. In advanced cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma (stages III and IV), there was a higher percentage of MLH1-negative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Roberto Batista
- MD. Coordinator, Oncological Surgery Sector, Muriaé Cancer Hospital, Muriaé (MG), Brazil, and Doctoral Student, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Gianni Santos
- MSc. Statistician, Applied Statistics Sector, Pro-Rectorate for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | | | - Delcio Matos
- MD, MSc, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan J, Xiang B, Wang D, Tang S, Teng M, Yan S, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Different Toxic Effects of Racemate, Enantiomers, and Metabolite of Malathion on HepG2 Cells Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Based Metabolomics. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1784-1794. [PMID: 30673264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Commercial malathion is a racemic mixture that contains two enantiomers, and malathion has adverse effects on mammals. However, whether these two enantiomers have different effects on animals remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of racemate, enantiomers, and metabolite of malathion on the metabolomics profile of HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells showed distinct metabolic profiles when treated with rac-malathion, malaoxon, R-(+)-malathion, and S-(-)-malathion, and these differences were attributed to pathways in amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. In addition, malathion treatment caused changes in amino acid levels, antioxidant activity, and expression of inflammatory genes in HepG2 cells. S-(-)-Malathion exhibited stronger metabolic perturbation than its enantiomer and racemate, consistent with the high level of cytotoxicity of S-(-)malathion. R-(+)-Malathion treatment caused significant oxidative stress in HepG2 cells but induced a weaker disturbance in the amino acid metabolism and a pro-inflammatory response compared to S-(-)-malathion and rac-malathion. Malaoxon caused more significant perturbation on antioxidase and a stronger antiapoptosis effect than its parent malathion. Our results provide insight into the risk assessment of malathion enantiomers and metabolites. We also demonstrate that a metabolomics approach can identify the discrepancy of the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms for enantiomers and metabolites of chiral pesticides.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prieto P, Jaén RI, Calle D, Gómez-Serrano M, Núñez E, Fernández-Velasco M, Martín-Sanz P, Alonso S, Vázquez J, Cerdán S, Peinado MÁ, Boscá L. Interplay between post-translational cyclooxygenase-2 modifications and the metabolic and proteomic profile in a colorectal cancer cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:433-446. [PMID: 30700940 PMCID: PMC6350170 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. It is broadly described that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is mainly overexpressed in CRC but less is known regarding post-translational modifications of this enzyme that may regulate its activity, intracellular localization and stability. Since metabolic and proteomic profile analysis is essential for cancer prognosis and diagnosis, our hypothesis is that the analysis of correlations between these specific parameters and COX-2 state in tumors of a high number of CRC patients could be useful for the understanding of the basis of this cancer in humans.
AIM To analyze COX-2 regulation in colorectal cancer and to perform a detailed analysis of their metabolic and proteomic profile.
METHODS Biopsies from both healthy and pathological colorectal tissues were taken under informed consent from patients during standard colonoscopy procedure in the University Hospital of Bellvitge (Barcelona, Spain) and Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (Campus Can Ruti) (Barcelona, Spain). Western blot analysis was used to determine COX-2 levels. Deglycosylation assays were performed in both cells and tumor samples incubating each sample with peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were determined using a specific ELISA. 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) analysis was performed using a Bruker AVIII 500 MHz spectrometer and proteomic analysis was performed in a nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (nano LC-MS/MS) using a QExactive HF orbitrap MS.
RESULTS Our data show that COX-2 has a differential expression profile in tumor tissue of CRC patients vs the adjacent non-tumor area, which correspond to a glycosylated and less active state of the protein. This fact was associated to a lesser PGE2 production in tumors. These results were corroborated in vitro performing deglycosylation assays in HT29 cell line where COX-2 protein profile was modified after PNGase F incubation, showing higher PGE2 levels. Moreover, HRMAS analysis indicated that tumor tissue has altered metabolic features vs non-tumor counterparts, presenting increased levels of certain metabolites such as taurine and phosphocholine and lower levels of lactate. In proteomic experiments, we detected an enlarged number of proteins in tumors that are mainly implicated in basic biological functions like mitochondrial activity, DNA/RNA processing, vesicular trafficking, metabolism, cytoskeleton and splicing.
CONCLUSION In our colorectal cancer cohort, tumor tissue presents a differential COX-2 expression pattern with lower enzymatic activity that can be related to an altered metabolic and proteomic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Prieto
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Daniel Calle
- Laboratorio de Imagen Médica, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Estefanía Núñez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario la Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid 28046, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Programa de Medicina Predictiva y Personalizada del Cáncer (PMPPC), Fundación Instituto de investigación en ciencias de la salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra Can Ruti, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Peinado
- Programa de Medicina Predictiva y Personalizada del Cáncer (PMPPC), Fundación Instituto de investigación en ciencias de la salud Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra Can Ruti, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Department of Metabolism and Physiopathology of Inflammatory Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (Ciber-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodrigues GB, Oliveira EE, Junior FJBM, Santos LAMD, Oliveira WHD, França MERD, Lós DB, Gabínio BM, Peixoto CA. A new diethylcarbamazine formulation (NANO-DEC) as a therapeutic tool for hepatic fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:280-288. [PMID: 30219503 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess if the uninterrupted and prolonged administration of nanoparticles containing diethylcarbamazine (NANO-DEC) would cause liver, kidney and heart toxicity and then analyze for the first time its action in model of liver fibrosis. Thus, NANO-DEC was administered in C57BL/6 mice daily for 48 days, and at the end the blood was collected for biochemical analyzes. In the long-term administration assay, the evaluation of serological parameters (CK-MB, creatinine, ALT, AST and urea) allowed the conclusion that NANO-DEC prolonged administration did not cause hepatic, renal and cardiac damage. For fibrosis assays, C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: 1) control (Cont); 2) carbon tetrachloride (CCl4); 3) CCl4 + DEC 25 mg/kg; 4) CCl4 + DEC 50 mg/kg; 5) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 5 mg/kg and 6) CCl4 + NANO-DEC 12.5 mg/kg. Carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis observed through increased inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, NO and iNOS) and fibrotic markers (TGF-β and TIMP-1), changes in the hepatic morphology, high presence of collagen fibers and elevated serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP. Treatment with NANO-DEC exhibited a superior anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects compared to the DEC traditional formulation, restoring liver morphology, reducing the content of collagen fibers and serological parameters, besides decreasing the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. The present formulation of nanoencapsulated DEC is a well tolerated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug and therefore could be a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic liver disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barros Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Elquio Eleamen Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilma Helena de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rocha de França
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia/RENORBIO, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Brennda Martins Gabínio
- Laboratório de Síntese e Vetorização de Moléculas (LSVM), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marutha Muthu AK, Cheah PL, Koh CC, Chew MF, Toh YF, Looi LM. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression in adenocarcinoma surpasses that of squamous cell carcinoma in the uterine cervix. Malays J Pathol 2017; 39:251-255. [PMID: 29279587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, adenocarcinoma (ADC), which has a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, has shown an increasing trend. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression which has been associated with worse prognosis in several solid cancers was studied for its association with SCC and ADC of the cervix. 35 histologically re-confirmed SCC and 35 ADC were immunohistochemically stained for COX2 using a mouse monoclonal antibody to COX2 (1:100; Dako: Clone CX-294) on a Ventana Benchmark XT. The histoscore was computed as intensity of staining, semi-quantitated on a scale of 0-3 with 0 = negative, 1 = weak, 2 = moderate and 3 = strong staining intensity; multiplied by percentage of immunopositivity on a scale of 0-4 with 0 = <1%, 1 = 1-25%, 2 = 26-50%, 3 = 51-75% and 4 = ≥75% of immunopositive tumour cells. Histoscore 1-3/12 was considered as low and ≥4/12 as high COX2 expression. SCC affected Chinese more than Malays, while Malays had more ADC (p = 0.032). Mean age at presentation of SCC (57.5 years) was about a decade later than ADC at 47.9 years (p = 0.002). 30/35 (85.7%) of SCC and 34/35 (97.1%) of ADC expressed COX2. Histoscores of ADC (median = 4.0, IQR = 3.0-6.0) was significantly higher (p = 0.014) than those of SCC (median = 3.0, IQR = 2.0-3.0). High histoscores (≥4/12) were more frequent in ADC (55.9%) compared with SCC (26.7%) (p = 0.018), implicating COX2, either directly or indirectly, as a possible player in influencing the poorer outcome of ADC compared with SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Marutha Muthu
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Suzuki M, Tanaka K, Yoshida H, Yogo K, Matsumoto Y. Obesity does not diminish the efficacy of IL-6 signalling blockade in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35:893-898. [PMID: 28421996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obese rheumatoid arthritis patients often have higher disease activity and a poorer response to treatment than do non-obese patients. The present study aims to clarify the influence of obesity on the action of IL-6 and to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 signalling blockade in arthritis with obesity. METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 5 weeks, and the influence of this diet on macrophages and type II collagen-induced arthritis was investigated. RESULTS The mice fed the high-fat diet showed greater expression of macrophage marker F4/80, not only in subcutaneous fat but also in knee synovium and the calcaneal region, than did the mice fed a normal diet. Furthermore, macrophages isolated from mice on the high-fat diet tended to show higher expression of cyclooxygenase-2 following IL-6 stimulation than did macrophages from mice fed the normal diet. Moreover, mice fed the normal or high-fat diet were immunised with type II collagen, and were treated with anti-mouse IL-6 receptor antibody (MR16-1). The anti-arthritis effect of MR16-1 was not reduced in mice fed the high-fat diet compared to mice fed the normal diet (inhibition ratio: 87% vs. 62%). Furthermore, at the peak of arthritis, cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the calcaneal region of mice fed the high-fat diet was higher than that in the mice fed the normal diet. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that a high-fat diet induces inflammatory changes in the synovium. We demonstrated that IL-6 signalling blockade by an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody can be effective in treating arthritis, even with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Suzuki
- Product Research Department, Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Product Research Department, Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Product Research Department, Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yogo
- Product Research Department, Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Product Research Department, Fuji-Gotemba Research Laboratories, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skuletic V, Radosavljevic GD, Pantic J, Markovic BS, Jovanovic I, Jankovic N, Petrovic D, Jevtovic A, Dzodic R, Arsenijevic N. Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic profiles in histological variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pol Arch Intern Med 2017; 127:429-437. [PMID: 28425432 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a well‑differentiated tumor that occurs in several histological variants whose biological behaviors remain unclear. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are critical processes that enable tumor progression. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic phenotypes of PTC, considering the differences between histological variants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic profiles were analyzed by determining microvascular density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in 73 cases of PTC, using immunohistochemistry. To assess the biological markers involved in blood and lymph vessel formation, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‑2), and p27kip1 (p27) was determined. RESULTS MVD was significantly higher in patients with high‑risk PTC and in those with local extrathyroidal and vascular invasion. Positive VEGF expression was strongly associated with high MVD and age‑related tumor enlargement. The presence of lymph vessel invasion was associated with the expression of either VEGF or COX‑2. The analysis of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in different histological variants of PTC revealed elevated LVD rather than MVD in the follicular variant of PTC (FV‑PTC).Lower MVD was observed in FV‑PTC relative to the classic variant of PTC (CV‑PTC). The frequency of VEGF‑positive tumors was higher in CV‑PTC than in FV‑PTC. A significant association between COX‑2 and p27 expression was observed in FV‑PTC but not in CV‑PTC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that VEGF, COX‑2, and p27 may be important biological markers that determine the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic potentials of PTC, particularly between the follicular and classic variants.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common tumor in horses, and 40%-50% may occur in ocular and adnexal structures. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of prostaglandins that control cell growth and the development and progression of cancer. Mechanisms responsible for the initial upregulation of COX-2 in neoplasia are unclear; prolonged sunlight exposure and mutations in the p53 gene may be possibilities. Because the etiopathogenesis of ocular SCC in horses may involve ultraviolet sunlight and p53 mutations, the purpose of this study was to characterize the immunoreactivity of COX-2 in these tumors. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was found in 6 of 22 (27%) paraffin-embedded equine SCCs. Cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity was associated with the mitotic index ( P < 0.001). Strategies to inhibit COX-2 by the use of topical or systemic COX-2 inhibitors might prove to be a safe and economical treatment in some horses with SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Rassnick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao D, Jia Z, You L, Wu Y, Hou Z, Suo Y, Zhang H, Wen S, Tsukamoto T, Oshima M, Jiang J, Cao X. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses gastric cancer by activation of miR-149-3p-Wnt-1 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:71960-71973. [PMID: 27713126 PMCID: PMC5342136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) exerts anti-tumor effects on various types of cancer. In the present study, we found that GRA attenuated the severity of gastritis and suppressed gastric tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. We also discovered that miR-149-3p was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines as compared to normal gastric tissues and epithelial cells, but was upregulated by GRA. miR-149-3p expression also correlated negatively with lymphnode metastasis. Our functional assays showed that miR-149-3p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression while inducing apoptosis, while inhibition of miR-149-3p had the opposite effects. In addition, we identified Wnt-1 as a direct target of miR-149-3p. These data suggest that GRA inhibits the initiation and progression of gastric tumors by ameliorating the inflammatory microenvironment through downregulation of COX-2 expression and by inhibiting Wnt-1 expression through the upregulation of tumor suppressor miR-149-3p. GRA may thus have the potential to serve as a useful therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Cao
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lili You
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zhen Hou
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yueer Suo
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Houjun Zhang
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Simin Wen
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xueyuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Uddin MJ, Moore CE, Crews BC, Daniel CK, Ghebreselasie K, McIntyre JO, Marnett LJ, Jayagopal A. Fluorocoxib A enables targeted detection of cyclooxygenase-2 in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:90503. [PMID: 27626899 PMCID: PMC5021825 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ocular angiogenesis is a blinding complication of age-related macular degeneration and other retinal vascular diseases. Clinical imaging approaches to detect inflammation prior to the onset of neovascularization in these diseases may enable early detection and timely therapeutic intervention. We demonstrate the feasibility of a previously developed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) targeted molecular imaging probe, fluorocoxib A, for imaging retinal inflammation in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. This imaging probe exhibited focal accumulation within laser-induced neovascular lesions, with minimal detection in proximal healthy tissue. The selectivity of the probe for COX-2 was validated <italic<in vitro</italic< and by <italic<in vivo</italic< retinal imaging with nontargeted 5-carboxy-X-rhodamine dye, and by blockade of the COX-2 active site with nonfluorescent celecoxib prior to injection of fluorocoxib A. Fluorocoxib A can be utilized for imaging COX-2 expression <italic<in vivo</italic< for further validation as an imaging biomarker in retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jashim Uddin
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Md. Jashim Uddin, E-mail:
| | - Chauca E. Moore
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6840, United States
| | - Brenda C. Crews
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Cristina K. Daniel
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6840, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacology, A. B. Hancock, Jr., Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6840, United States
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel 4070, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ceylan Y, Lekili M, Muezzinoglu T, Nese N, Isisag A. Predictive value of cyclooxygenase-2 over expression for identifying prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia in prostate biopsy specimens. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2016; 68:255-262. [PMID: 26125280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunohistochemical staining intensity both in prostatic biopsy and surgical samples of patients with prostate cancer to determine if it might provide prognostic information for the decision of re-biopsy indication. METHODS Twenty-eight patients undergone radical prostatectomy whose final pathologic examination revealed prostatic adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Twelve patients with BPH in their pathological examination of both prostatic biopsy and open prostatectomy were considered as a control group. Intensity of COX-2 receptor was examined with immunohistochemical staining according to standard techniques. RESULTS Positive COX-2 receptor staining was obtained 89.3% of biopsy samples and 93% of surgical samples in all cancer patients. The rate of agreement in COX-2 receptor staining of biopsy samples and radical prostatectomy samples was 76% in same patients (P=0.54). Similarly, the COX-2 receptor levels in biopsy specimens of patients with BPH open surgery compared with samples of the agreement still rate was 41% (P=0.41). Prostate cancer exchanging COX-2 receptor levels in patients with biopsy specimens in patients with BPH were found significantly more (P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS In this study the feasibility of presence of COX-2 receptor staining in biopsy samples was shown. We have also demonstrated that COX-2 staining intensity was higher in prostatic biopsy samples of patients with prostatic cancer than patients with BPH. This leads a conclusion that, higher COX-2 expression levels in biopsy specimens may be used to decide re-biopsy in borderline preoperative PSA levels as well as in the cases with suspicious pathological findings for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Ceylan
- Department of Urology, Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey -
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arima Y, Yoshimoto K, Namera A, Makita R, Murata K, Nagao M. The Sarin-like Organophosphorus Agent bis (isopropyl methyl)phosphonate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and COX-2 Expression in SK-N-SH Cells. Hiroshima J Med Sci 2016; 65:1-8. [PMID: 27348899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds, such as sarin, are highly toxic nerve agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), but not cholinesterase, via multiple mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that organophosphorus compounds increase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and induce neurotoxicity. In this study, we examined the toxicity of the sarin-like organophosphorus agent bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate (BIMP) and the effects of BIMP on COX-2 expression in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. Exposure to BIMP changed cell morphology and induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death accompanied by cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). It also increased COX-2 expression, while pretreatment with a COX inhibitor, ibuprofen, decreased BIMP-dependent cell death and COX-2 expression in SK-N-SH cells. Thus, our findings suggest that BIMP induces apoptotic cell death and upregulates COX-2 expression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu X, Song M, Rakariyatham K, Zheng J, Wang M, Xu F, Gao Z, Xiao H. Inhibitory Effects of 4'-Demethylnobiletin, a Metabolite of Nobiletin, on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-Induced Inflammation in Mouse Ears. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:10921-10927. [PMID: 26651527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nobiletin (NOB) is major citrus flavonoid with many health-promoting benefits. We reported previously that 4'-demethylnobiletin (4DN), a major metabolite of NOB, significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In this study, we further studied the anti-inflammatory effects of 4DN in TPA-induced skin inflammation in mice. We demonstrated that topical application of 4DN decreased TPA-induced ear edema by >88 ± 4.77% in mice. This inhibitory effect was associated with inhibition on TPA-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Immunoblotting results showed that 4DN resulted in profound effects on multiple proteins related with inflammation and carcinogenesis. 4DN significantly decreased the expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-9, suppressed phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK, and increased the levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in TPA-treated mice. Overall, the results demonstrated that 4DN had strong anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, which provided a scientific basis for using NOB to inhibit inflammation-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kanyasiri Rakariyatham
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang CR, Jayashre E, Kumar PS, Nair MG. Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Compounds in Nutmeg (Myristicafragrans) Pericarp as Determined by in vitro Assays. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1399-1402. [PMID: 26434127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutmeg, Myristicafragrans, is known for its culinary and medicinal values. The nutmeg pericarp, abundant during the production of the seed, is also used in food and beverage preparations. In this study, the pericarp of M. fragrans was evaluated for its bioactive components using in vitro antioxidant and antiinflammatory assays. The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO) by 82.5, 70.1 and 73.2%, and cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 by 44, 44 and 42% and COX-2 by 47, 41 and 36%, respectively, at 100 microg/mL. The bioassay-guided purifications of extracts yielded 20 compounds belonged to neolignans (0.13%), phenylpropanoids (0.28%), phenolic aldehyde (0.35%), triterpenoids (0.06%), triglycerides (0.20%), sugars (10.2%) and steroids (0.49%). Pure isolates 1-5 inhibited LPO by 70-99% and 3-12 inhibited COX-1 and -2 enzymes by 37-49%. This is the first report on the bioassay-guided characterization of constituents in nutmeg pericarp. Our results support the medicinal claims of nutmeg pericarp.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
AIM: To detect the expression of COX-2 and HER-2 in colorectal cancer and to analyze their correlation and clinical significance.
METHODS: A total of 1026 colorectal cancer surgical specimens were collected from patients treated from December 2002 to December 2007 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. All specimens were made into 4-μm slices. The expression of COX-2 and HER-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The correlations between COX-2 and HER-2 expression and colorectal cancer clinical features were analyzed.
RESULTS: The positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 expression in colorectal cancer were 77.97% (800/1026) and 46.20% (474/1026), respectively. There was a significant correlation between COX-2 and HER-2 expression in colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). In patients with tumor size ≥ 5 cm, the positive rates of COX-2 and HER-2 expression were 81.48% (308/378) and 57.94% (219/378), respectively. In patients with serosal invasion, the positive COX-2 and HER-2 expression rates were 80.53% (612/760) and 49.21% (374/760), respectively. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the positive expression rates were 85.04% (506/595) and 54.62% (325/595), respectively, and the positive expression rates differed significantly between patients with lymph node metastasis and those without (P < 0.05). In patients with Duke’s C and D colorectal cancer, the positive COX-2 and HER-2 expression rates were 82.80% (443/535) and 57.94% (310/535), respectively. In patients with poorly differentiated colorectal cancer, the positive expression rates were 74.49% (210/282) and 52.84% (149/282), respectively (P < 0.05). In patients with distant metastasis, the positive expression rates were 82.27% (116/141) and 53.90% (76/141), respectively (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that COX-2 and HER-2 have synergistic effects in colorectal cancer. COX-2 and HER-2 expression had no significant correlation with sex, age, or tumor location.
CONCLUSION: COX-2 and HER-2 are important markers for invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer, and they act together to regulate the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dikshit A, Filho MAG, Eilati E, McGee S, Small C, Gao C, Klug T, Hales DB. Flaxseed reduces the pro-carcinogenic micro-environment in the ovaries of normal hens by altering the PG and oestrogen pathways in a dose-dependent manner. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:1384-95. [PMID: 25850566 PMCID: PMC4445837 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451500029x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to find the optimum dose of flaxseed that would decrease PG and alter oestrogen pathway endpoints implicated in ovarian cancer. In the study, four groups of fifty 1.5-year-old chickens were fed different amounts of flaxseed (0, 5, 10 or 15% of their total diet) for 4 months and were then killed to collect blood and tissues. Levels of flaxseed lignan metabolites, Enterolactone (EL) and Enterodiol (ED) were measured in the serum, liver and ovaries by liquid chromatography-MS/MS, and n-3 and n-6 fatty acid (FA) levels were measured by GC. The effects of the varied flaxseed doses were assessed by measuring levels of PGE2 and oestrogen metabolites (16-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE1) and 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1)) as well as by analysing the expression of the oestradiol metabolising enzymes CYP3A4 (cytochrome p450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4), CYP1B1 (cytochrome p450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1) and CYP1A1 (cytochrome p450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) and that of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) in the ovaries. The ratio of n-3:n-FA increased with an increase in flaxseed supplementation and corresponded to a dose-dependent decrease in cyclo-oxygenase-2 protein and PGE2 levels. EL and ED increased in the serum, liver and ovaries with increased concentrations of flaxseed. Flaxseed decreased the expression of ERα in the ovaries. The ratio of 2-OHE1:16-OHE1 in the serum increased significantly in the 15% flaxseed diet, and there was a corresponding increase in CYP1A1 in the liver and decrease in CYP3A4 in the ovaries. CYP1B1 mRNA also decreased with flaxseed diet in the ovaries. The 15% flaxseed-supplemented diet significantly decreased inflammatory PGE2, ERα, CYP3A4, CYP1B1 and 16-OHE1, but it increased CYP1A1 and 2-OHE1, which thus reduced the inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic micro-environment of the ovaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Dikshit
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | | | - Erfan Eilati
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Stacey McGee
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Carrie Small
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Chunqi Gao
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | | | - Dale Buchanan Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ammar AE, Esmat A, Hassona MDH, Tadros MG, Abdel-Naim AB, Guns EST. The effect of pomegranate fruit extract on testosterone-induced BPH in rats. Prostate 2015; 75:679-92. [PMID: 25620586 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects many men after the age of 50 years. Inflammation and oxidative stress along with apoptotic changes are thought to play an important role in the pathology of BPH. Pomegranate contains a variety of polyphenolic compounds that have been studied in a medley of diseases for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties. Therefore, this study examined the effect of Pomegranate Fruit Extract (PFE) on the development of BPH using a testosterone-induced BPH model in rats. METHODS A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight, one group served as the control, BPH was induced by testosterone 3 mg/kg S.C. daily in four groups, three of them received PFE by oral gavage daily at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg respectively, while one group received PFE at a dose of 50 mg/kg without induction of BPH. RESULTS PFE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was the most effective in decreasing testosterone-induced increase in prostate weight, prostate weight/body weight ratio, and PAP levels by 30.8%, 55%, and 68% respectively and in preventing the accompanying histological changes. In the BPH model, testosterone significantly decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT to 0.45, 0.64, and 0.88 of the control group values respectively, and significantly increased MDA by >6-fold. In combination with testosterone, PFE dosed at 100 mg/kg significantly increased GSH, SOD, and CAT to 0.83, 0.92, and 0.93 of the control group values respectively, whereas MDA was significantly decreased by 72% compared with the testosterone treated group. In addition to this, at the range of doses studied, PFE lowered COX-II, iNOS, Ki-67 expression, and increased apoptotic index. CONCLUSION The current findings elucidate the effectiveness of PFE in preventing testosterone-induced BPH in rats. This could be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr E Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karimfar MH, Rostami S, Haghani K, Bakhtiyari S, Noori-Zadeh A. MELATONIN ALLEVIATES BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN MICE. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:327-334. [PMID: 26122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis occurs as a common end-stage sequela of a number of acute and chronic lung diseases. Eicosanoids exert crucial roles in inflammatory processes pertinent to fibrogenesis induction, however, the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is not fully elucidated in most pulmonary fibrosis related-disorders. Recently, melatonin (MLN) has been introduced as an effective immuno-modulator and anti-oxidant agent. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of MLN on COX-2 expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Animals were divided into five groups, including: 1) saline control, 2) 1% ethanol control, 3) MLN control, 4) bleomycin (BLM), in which mice were injected with BLM (15 mg/kg, i.p.) two times per week for four weeks, and 5) BLM+MLN, in which MLN was given to mice (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to BLM injections for four weeks. MLN administration significantly reduced body weight loss (P<0.05), the rate of mortality, edema formation, lung injury, COX-2 expression (P>0.05), interstitial tissue percentage volume (P<0.05), and also increased the alveolar space percentage volume. MLN attenuated the BLM-induced lung injury responses such as collagen accumulation and airway dysfunction in mice. Finally, histological evidence supported the ability of MLN to inhibit COX-2 expression. Thus, it may serve as a novel potential therapeutic agent for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Karimfar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - K Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Bakhtiyari
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Noori-Zadeh
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Isidro RA, Cruz ML, Isidro AA, Baez A, Arroyo A, González-Marqués WA, González-Keelan C, Torres EA, Appleyard CB. Immunohistochemical expression of SP-NK-1R-EGFR pathway and VDR in colonic inflammation and neoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1749-1758. [PMID: 25684939 PMCID: PMC4323450 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in normal, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal neoplasia tissues from Puerto Ricans.
METHODS: Tissues from patients with IBD, colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), sporadic dysplasia, and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as normal controls, were identified at several centers in Puerto Rico. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were de-identified and processed by immunohistochemistry for NK-1R, pEGFR, Cox-2, and VDR. Pictures of representative areas of each tissues diagnosis were taken and scored by three observers using a 4-point scale that assessed intensity of staining. Tissues with CAC were further analyzed by photographing representative areas of IBD and the different grades of dysplasia, in addition to the areas of cancer, within each tissue. Differences in the average age between the five patient groups were assessed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. The mean scores for normal tissues and tissues with IBD, dysplasia, CRC, and CAC were calculated and statistically compared using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Correlations between protein expression patterns were analyzed with the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient. Data are presented as mean ± SE.
RESULTS: On average, patients with IBD were younger (34.60 ± 5.81) than normal (63.20 ± 6.13, P < 0.01), sporadic dysplasia (68.80 ± 4.42, P < 0.01), sporadic cancer (74.80 ± 4.91, P < 0.001), and CAC (57.50 ± 5.11, P < 0.05) patients. NK-1R in cancer tissue (sporadic CRC, 1.73 ± 0.34; CAC, 1.57 ± 0.53) and sporadic dysplasia (2.00 ± 0.45) were higher than in normal tissues (0.73 ± 0.19). pEGFR was significantly increased in sporadic CRC (1.53 ± 0.43) and CAC (2.25 ± 0.47) when compared to normal tissue (0.07 ± 0.25, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Cox-2 was significantly increased in sporadic colorectal cancer (2.20 ± 0.23 vs 0.80 ± 0.37 for normal tissues, P < 0.05). In comparison to normal (2.80 ± 0.13) and CAC (2.50 ± 0.33) tissues, VDR was significantly decreased in sporadic dysplasia (0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.001 vs normal, P < 0.001 vs CAC) and sporadic CRC (0.47 ± 0.23, P < 0.001 vs normal, P < 0.001 vs CAC). VDR levels negatively correlated with NK-1R (r = -0.48) and pEGFR (r = -0.56) in normal, IBD, sporadic dysplasia and sporadic CRC tissue, but not in CAC.
CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical NK-1R and pEGFR positivity with VDR negativity can be used to identify areas of sporadic colorectal neoplasia. VDR immunoreactivity can distinguish CAC from sporadic cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Asakawa-Tanne Y, Su S, Kunimatsu R, Hirose N, Mitsuyoshi T, Okamoto Y, Tanaka E, Tanne K, Tanimoto K. Effects of enzymatic degradation after loading in temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res 2015; 94:337-343. [PMID: 25503611 PMCID: PMC4438732 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514560588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid of the joint decreases friction between the cartilage surfaces and reduces cartilage wear during articulation. Characteristic changes of synovial fluid have been shown in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). OA is generally considered to be induced by excessive mechanical stress. However, whether the changes in synovial fluid precede the mechanical overloading or vice versa remains unclear. In the present study, our purpose was to examine if the breakdown of joint lubrication affects the frictional properties of mandibular condylar cartilage and leads to subsequent degenerative changes in TMJ. We measured the frictional coefficient in porcine TMJ by a pendulum device after digestion with hyaluronidase (HAase) or trypsin. Gene expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), type II collagen, and histology were examined after prolonged cyclic loading by an active pendulum system. The results showed that the frictional coefficient increased significantly after HAase (35%) or trypsin (74%) treatment. Gene expression of IL-1β, COX-2, and MMPs-1, -3, and -9 increased significantly in enzyme-treated TMJs after cyclic loading. The increase in the trypsin-treated group was greater than that in the HAase-treated group. Type II collagen expression was reduced in both enzyme-treated groups. Histology revealed surface fibrillation and increased MMP-1 in the trypsin-treated group, as well as increased IL-1β in both enzyme-treated groups after cyclic loading. The findings demonstrated that the compromised lubrication in TMJ is associated with altered frictional properties and surface wear of condylar cartilage, accompanied by release of pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators under mechanical loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Asakawa-Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Su
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - R Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Hirose
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Okamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - E Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Tanne
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Applied Life Sciences, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, González-Benjumea A, Maya I, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Naturally occurring hydroxytyrosol derivatives: hydroxytyrosyl acetate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol modulate inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages. Potential utility as new dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:836-846. [PMID: 25526103 DOI: 10.1021/jf503357s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenols, hydroxytyrosyl acetate (2) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (3), as well as two new acyl derivatives of 3, 4-(1,2-di(butanoyloxy)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (7) and 4-(1,2-di(lauroyloxy)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (8), on LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in comparison with hydroxytyrosol (HTy, 1). Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8 showed a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity, reducing significantly nitrite levels with a significant decrease on iNOS expression [2 (50 μM, 0.44 ± 0.03; 100 μM, 0.44 ± 0.01; p < 0.01); 3 (50 μM, 0.37 ± 0.03; 100 μM, 0.37 ± 0.01; p < 0.001); 7 (50 μM, 0.45 ± 0.06; p < 0.01)] . However, only 2 and 3 down-regulated COX-2 expression [2 (50 μM, 0.72 ± 0.04, p < 0.05; 100 μM, 0.54 ± 0.06, p < 0.01); 3 (50 μM, 0.56 ± 0.05, p < 0.05; 100 μM, 0.37 ± 0.04; p < 0.001)] and prevented IKBα degradation [2 (100 μM, 1.63 ± 0.14, p < 0.01); 3 (100 μM, 1.82 ± 0.09; p < 0.01)] ; the diacylated compounds 7 and 8 showed worse anti-inflammatory activity than the parent 3. In conclusion, 2 and 3 phenolic derivatives could play an important role in the anti-inflammatory effect of EVOO. The implication of this study for the nutrition and general health of the population rests in the possible use of natural HTy derivatives with better hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, thus improving its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles, as new dietary supplements in foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , Profesor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou WQ, Sheng QY, Sheng YH, Hou WJ, Xu GX, Wu YM, Lu H. Expressions of survivin, P16(INK4a), COX-2, and Ki-67 in cervical cancer progression reveal the potential clinical application. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:62-68. [PMID: 25872337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To explore the significance of survivin, P16(INK4a), COX-2, and Ki-67 expressions for prediction of cervical cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed in 129 cases including 24 squamous carcinoma of the cervix (SCC), 70 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), 15 cervical condyloma acuminatum (CCA), ten chronic cervicitis (CC), and ten normal cervix (NC). Protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Survivin, P16(INK4a); COX-2, and Ki-67 were highly expressed in SCC and CIN compared with others. Their expression rates were gradually increased in CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, and SCC groups, showing 72.00%, 88.00%, 90.00%, and 95.83% for P16(INK4a), 68.00%, 84.00%, 95.00% and 100.00% for COX-2, 76.00%, 96.00%, 100.00%, and 100.00 for Ki-67, respectively. There were significant correlations between survivin and P16(INK4a), COX-2, Ki-67, as well as P16(INK4a) and Ki-67. CONCLUSION Survivin, P16(INK4a), COX-2 and Ki-67 play critical roles for development and progression of cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Jung I, Gurzu S, Turdean S, Ciortea D, Sahlean DI, Golea M, Bara T. Relationship of endothelial area with VEGF-A, COX-2, maspin, c-KIT, and DOG-1 immunoreactivity in liposarcomas versus non-lipomatous soft tissue tumors. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:1776-82. [PMID: 25973067 DOI: pmid/25973067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors are rare tumors that show a heterogeneous structure; thus far, their molecular behavior has not been elucidated. The aim of our study was to define the relationship between microvessel density (MVD), evaluated with CD31, and other immunohistochemical markers, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), CD34, maspin, DOG-1, and c-KIT. Immunostains were done in 55 cases consisting of benign and malignant tumors, such as liposarcomas, dermatofibrosarcomas, and tumors with histiocytic differentiation. Renal tubes were used as external control for VEGF, maspin, and DOG-1. Although DOG-1 is considered a specific marker for gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs), its positivity, correlated with c-KIT and VEGF immunoexpression, was also shown by dermatofibrosarcomas and tumors with histiocytic and lipomatous differentiation, suggesting its possible pro-angiogenic role. Maspin expression was observed in adipose tissue tumors only. Regarding angiogenesis, 31 of the 55 cases were VEGF-positive, such positivity being directly correlated with COX-2 and CD34 positivity as evaluated in the tumor cells and also with MVD. Although no significant differences in angiogenic activity were found between benign and malignant non-lipomatous tumors, the MVD was directly correlated with the histological type/grade of liposarcomas. Based on these aspects, we conclude that VEGF/COX-2-induced angiogenesis is specific for non-lipomatous tumors, whereas liposarcomas are dependent on the VEGF/maspin angiogenic pathway. The DOG-1/c-KIT/VEGF target may be used for further personalized therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. No data about DOG-1 and maspin positivity in liposarcomas have been published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Sabin Turdean
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Ciortea
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Danut Ioan Sahlean
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Mircea Golea
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Tivadar Bara
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Iwabuchi Y, Tanimoto K, Tanne Y, Inubushi T, Kamiya T, Kunimatsu R, Hirose N, Mitsuyoshi T, Su S, Tanaka E, Tanne K. Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mandibular condylar chondrocytes. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2014; 28:261-8. [PMID: 25068220 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and related mechanisms by using cultured articular chondrocytes derived from porcine mandibular condyles after treatment with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). METHODS Chondrocytes were derived from porcine mandibular condylar cartilage and cultured. The cells were treated with or without 10 ng/mL IL-1β. At the same time, the cells were exposed to LIPUS for 20 minutes. After LIPUS exposure, the conditioned medium was changed to a fresh one without IL-1β, and the cells were incubated for 0 to 24 hours. The effects of LIPUS on IL-1β-treated chondrocytes were examined in terms of the expression of p-integrin β1, COX-2, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) 1/2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analyses. Differences in the means among multiple groups were examined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all groups at each time point, followed by a Scheffé multiple comparison test as a post-hoc test; Student t test was also used. RESULTS COX-2 mRNA level was upregulated by the treatment with IL-1β and was suppressed significantly (P < .01) by LIPUS exposure. Furthermore, LIPUS enhanced gene expression and phosphorylation of integrin β, and it inhibited the expression of p-ERK 1/2. CONCLUSION LIPUS exposure inhibited IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression through the integrin β1 receptor followed by the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. Despite the restricted duration of its effect, LIPUS is suggested to be a potential candidate as a preventive and auxiliary treatment to suppress the degradation of articular chondrocytes in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hua F, Li CH, Wang H, Xu HG. Relationship between expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 and autoimmune-type recurrent miscarriage. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 6:990-4. [PMID: 24144034 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). METHODS RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 in the trophoblast cells of murine RSA and normal pregnant models. The COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 protein expressions were determined by using immunohistochemisry staining method. The COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 protein expressions were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The embryo loss rates in experiment group was significantly higher than that in normal pregnancy control group, the expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6 in the trophoblast cells of murine RSA and normal pregnant models. The expression of COX-2 in autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion was significantly lesser than in normal pregnant models. The expression of TNF-α, IL-6 in autoimmune-type recurrent spontaneous abortion was significantly higher than in normal pregnant models. There was a positively correlation between TNF-α and IL-6. There was no relationship between COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal expression of COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 may result in RSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hua
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee H, Park JR, Yang J, Kim E, Hong SH, Woo HM, Ryu SM, Cho SJ, Park SM, Yang SR. Nicotine inhibits the proliferation by upregulation of nitric oxide and increased HDAC1 in mouse neural stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:731-9. [PMID: 24789730 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9763-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is considered one of the major risk factors to cause neurodegenerative disorders. Nicotine is the main chemical in CS which is responsible for dysfunction of the brain as a neuroteratogen. Also, nicotine dependency is a real mental illness and disease. Recently, chronic nicotine exposure has been shown to cause oxidative/nitrosative stress leading to a deleterious condition to cellular death in different brain regions. However, little is known about the effects of nicotine on mouse neural stem cells (mNSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nicotine on mNSCs and elucidate underlying mechanisms involved in expression of a diversity of genes regulated by nicotine. When mNSCs were isolated from the whole brain of embryonic day 16 mice treated with nicotine at vehicle, 100, 400, and 800 μM for 5 d, nicotine significantly decreased the number and size of neurospheres. In immunocytochemistry, nicotine-exposed mNSCs expressing nestin showed the shortened filaments and condensed nuclei. In RT-PCR, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) were significantly decreased, while the production of nitric oxide and mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-α, and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) were increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sodium butyrate and valproic acid, HDAC inhibitors, partially rescue proliferation of mNSCs via inhibition of HDAC1 expression and NO production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that prolonged exposure of nicotine decreased proliferation of mNSCs by increased NO and inflammatory cytokine through increased HDAC1. Furthermore, this study could help in the development of a therapy for nicotine-induced neurodegenerative disorder and drug abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyeol Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reimers MS, Bastiaannet E, Langley RE, van Eijk R, van Vlierberghe RLP, Lemmens VEP, van Herk-Sukel MPP, van Wezel T, Fodde R, Kuppen PJK, Morreau H, van de Velde CJH, Liefers GJ. Expression of HLA class I antigen, aspirin use, and survival after a diagnosis of colon cancer. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:732-9. [PMID: 24687028 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Use of aspirin (which inhibits platelet function) after a colon cancer diagnosis is associated with improved overall survival. Identifying predictive biomarkers of this effect could individualize therapy and decrease toxic effects. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that survival benefit associated with low-dose aspirin use after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer might depend on HLA class I antigen expression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cohort study with tumor blocks from 999 patients with colon cancer (surgically resected between 2002 and 2008), analyzed for HLA class I antigen and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression using a tissue microarray. Mutation analysis of PIK3CA was also performed. Data on aspirin use after diagnosis were obtained from a prescription database. Parametric survival models with exponential (Poisson) distribution were used to model the survival. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Overall survival. RESULTS The overall survival benefit associated with aspirin use after a diagnosis of colon cancer had an adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.38-0.74; P < .001) when tumors expressed HLA class I antigen compared with an RR of 1.03 (0.66-1.61; P = .91) when HLA antigen expression was lost. The benefit of aspirin was similar for tumors with strong PTGS2 expression (0.68; 0.48-0.97; P = .03), weak PTGS2 expression (0.59; 0.38-0.97; P = .02), and wild-type PIK3CA tumors (0.55; 0.40-0.75; P < .001). No association was observed with mutated PIK3CA tumors (0.73; 0.33-1.63; P = .44). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Contrary to the original hypothesis, aspirin use after colon cancer diagnosis was associated with improved survival if tumors expressed HLA class I antigen. Increased PTGS2 expression or the presence of mutated PIK3CA did not predict benefit from aspirin. HLA class I antigen might serve as a predictive biomarker for adjuvant aspirin therapy in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlies S Reimers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Bastiaannet
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands2Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth E Langley
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College, London, England
| | - Ronald van Eijk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valery E P Lemmens
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, Eindhoven Cancer Registry, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Fodde
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gerrit Jan Liefers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sezgin Alikanoglu A, Yildirim M, Suren D, Yildiz M, Kaya V, Donem Dilli U, Sezer C. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and Bcl-2 in breast cancer and their relationship with triple-negative disease. J BUON 2014; 19:430-434. [PMID: 24965402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carcinogenesis is a multistep process with many factors being involved. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Bcl-2 expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and, also whether any differences exist between TNBC and non-TNBC patients in relation with these two parameters. METHODS This study included 50 patients with pathologically diagnosed TNBC and followed up at the Medical Oncology Clinic of Antalya Education and Research Hospital between 2008 and 2010. Thirty non-TNBC patients composed the control group. COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression was immunohistochemically investigated in both patient groups. RESULTS COX-2 expression was positive in 26 (86.7%) of non-TNBC and 18 (90%) of TNBC patients (p=0.722). Compared with non-TNBC, TNBC correlated with higher Bcl-2 expression (p=0.005). Of the non-TBNC patients 86.7% and 50% of TNBC patients showed Bcl-2 expression. When Bcl-2 and COX-2 expression were considered together, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p=0.021). CONCLUSION This study showed that increased COX-2 expression correlated with Bcl-2 expression both in TNBC and non-TNBC patients. Analysis of coexpression of Bcl- 2 and COX-2 may be meaningful for deciding treatment strategies for TNBC. Treatment strategies targeting Bcl-2 and COX-2 seem to be promising for this aggressive disease with no specific treatment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kmietowicz Z. Study finds that aspirin improves survival after colon cancer diagnosis. BMJ 2014; 348:g2476. [PMID: 24691102 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
38
|
Song J, Su H, Zhou YY, Guo LL. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with poor overall survival of patients with gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:436-45. [PMID: 24178897 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is believed to be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. However, it is still controversial whether COX-2 expression can be regarded as a prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients. AIM To obtain a more accurate relationship between COX-2 overexpression and prognosis in gastric cancer by meta-analysis. METHOD Relevant articles published up to May 2013 were searched by use of several keywords in electronic databases. Separate hazard ratio (HR) estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for COX-2 overexpression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with gastric cancer were extracted. Combined HR with 95 % CI was calculated by use of Stata11.0 software to estimate the size of the effect. Publication bias testing and sensitivity analysis were also performed. RESULTS A total of 27 studies which included 3,891 gastric cancer patients were combined in the final analysis. Combined results suggested that COX-2 overexpression was associated with an unfavorable OS (HR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.36-1.84) but not DFS (HR 1.15, 95 % CI 0.93-1.43) among patients with gastric cancer. Publication bias was absent. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis suggest that high COX-2 expression may be an independent risk factor for poor OS of patients with gastric cancer. More large prospective studies are now needed to further clarify the prognostic value of COX-2 expression for DFS in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hamada S, Urakawa H, Kozawa E, Futamura N, Ikuta K, Shimoyama Y, Nakamura S, Ishiguro N, Nishida Y. Nuclear expression of β-catenin predicts the efficacy of meloxicam treatment for patients with sporadic desmoid tumors. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4561-6. [PMID: 24390670 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of β-catenin nuclear positivity as a prognostic factor in patients with desmoid tumors (DTs) treated with meloxicam, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. Between 2003 and 2012, consecutive 31 patients with extraabdominal, sporadic DTs were prospectively treated with meloxicam as a systemic medical therapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed material to quantify the nuclear expression of β-catenin and Ki-67, and cytoplasmic expression of COX-2. All clinicopathological characteristics including the intensity of immunohistochemical staining were analyzed with respect to their prognostic value for meloxicam treatment. Of the 31 patients with meloxicam treatment, there was 1 with complete remission (CR), 7 with partial remission (PR), 12 with stable disease (SD), and 11 with progressive disease (PD). Higher nuclear expression of β-catenin was significantly associated with a poor response (PD/SD) (p = 0.017). The positivity of COX-2 and Ki-67 and none of the other clinical variables were associated with prognosis. The nuclear expression of β-catenin can predict the efficacy of meloxicam treatment for patients with sporadic DTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Hamada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School and School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu H, Yang L, Yan F, Li Y, Sun X, Zhou Z. [Detection of fecal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA in screening of colorectal cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2014; 17:26-30. [PMID: 24519045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the detection of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA in screening of colorectal cancer. METHODS Fifty-one patients with colorectal cancer and 21 healthy controls were included in this study. Total RNA was isolated from the fecal samples. Expression of PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR, and its value in screening of colorectal cancer was investigated. RESULTS The positive detection rate of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. In 47 colorectal cancer patients and 19 healthy controls with positive fecal ACTB mRNA expression, the sensitivity of fecal PPAR-delta mRNA, COX-2 mRNA and PPAR-delta mRNA plus COX-2 mRNA detection in diagnosing colorectal cancer was 76.6%(36/47), 80.9%(38/47) and 91.5%(43/47) respectively; the specificity was 63.2%(12/19), 84.2%(16/19) and 89.5%(17/19) respectively. CONCLUSION The combination detection of fecal PPAR-delta and COX-2 mRNA is effective in screening human colorectal cancer and is better than detection of single marker alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangdao Yu
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Organ-Microcirculation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Z, He M, Xiao Z, Wu H, Wu Y. Quantitative assessment of the association of COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) immunoexpression with prognosis in human osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82907. [PMID: 24358237 PMCID: PMC3865095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies examining the relationship between Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoexpression and clinical outcome in osteosarcoma patients have yielded inconclusive results. Methods We accordingly conducted a meta-analysis of 9 studies (442 patients) that evaluated the correlation between COX-2 immunoexpression and clinical prognosis (death). Pooled odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using the random-effects or fixed-effects model. Results Meta–analysis showed no significant association between COX-2 positivity and age, gender, tumor location, histology, stage, metastasis or 90% necrosis. Conversely, COX-2 immunoexpression was associated with overall survival rate (RR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.10–3.74; P=0.009) and disease-free survival rate (RR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.17–2.28; P=0.004) at 2 years. Sensitivity analysis performed by omitting low quality studies showed that the pooled results were stable. Conclusions COX-2 positivity was associated with a lower 2-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate. COX-2 expression change is an independent prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Division of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Maolin He
- Division of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengming Xiao
- Division of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Division of Spine and Osteopathy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Domingo E, Church DN, Sieber O, Ramamoorthy R, Yanagisawa Y, Johnstone E, Davidson B, Kerr DJ, Tomlinson IPM, Midgley R. Evaluation of PIK3CA mutation as a predictor of benefit from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:4297-305. [PMID: 24062397 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) protect against colorectal cancer (CRC) and are associated with reduced disease recurrence and improved outcome after primary treatment. However, toxicities of NSAIDs have limited their use as antineoplastic therapy. Recent data have suggested that the benefit of aspirin after CRC diagnosis is limited to patients with PIK3CA-mutant cancers. We sought to determine the predictive utility of PIK3CA mutation for benefit from both cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and aspirin. METHODS We performed molecular analysis of tumors from 896 participants in the Vioxx in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: Definition of Optimal Regime (VICTOR) trial, a large randomized trial comparing rofecoxib with placebo after primary CRC resection. We compared relapse-free survival and overall survival between rofecoxib therapy and placebo and between the use and nonuse of low-dose aspirin, according to tumor PIK3CA mutation status. RESULTS We found no evidence of a greater benefit from rofecoxib treatment compared with placebo in patients whose tumors had PIK3CA mutations (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.2; 95% CI, 0.53 to 2.72; P = .66; (P)INTERACTION = .47) compared with patients with PIK3CA wild-type cancers (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.16; P = .34). In contrast, regular aspirin use after CRC diagnosis was associated with a reduced rate of CRC recurrence in patients with PIK3CA-mutant cancers (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.832; P = .027; (P)INTERACTION = .024) but not in patients lacking tumor PIK3CA mutation (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.42; P = .71). CONCLUSION Although tumor PIK3CA mutation does not predict benefit from rofecoxib treatment, it merits further evaluation as a predictive biomarker for aspirin therapy. Our findings are concordant with recent data and support the prospective investigation of adjuvant aspirin in PIK3CA-mutant CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Domingo
- Enric Domingo, David N. Church, Rajarajan Ramamoorthy, and Ian P.M. Tomlinson, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford; David N. Church, David J. Kerr, and Rachel Midgley, Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital; Yoko Yanagisawa, Elaine Johnstone, David J. Kerr, and Rachel Midgley, University of Oxford, Oxford; Rajarajan Ramamoorthy and Brian Davidson, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Oliver Sieber, Ludwig Colon Cancer Initiative Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Al-Salam S, Awwad A, Sudhadevi M, Daoud S, Nagelkerke NJD, Castella A, Chong SM, Alashari M. Epstein-Barr virus infection correlates with the expression of COX-2, p16(INK4A) and p53 in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:2765-2777. [PMID: 24294363 PMCID: PMC3843257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), a germinal-center related B cell neoplasm in almost all cases, is characterized by scarcity of the neoplastic Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been shown to affect cell cycle and regulation of apoptosis. In total, 95 cases of cHL were studied. Five-micrometer sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin methods for EBV-LMP-1, COX-2, p53, p16, ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. In-situ hybridization for EBV encoded RNA was used to confirm the detection of EBV in H/RS. There were 49 nodular sclerosis, 32 mixed cellularity, 8 lymphocyte-rich, and 6 lymphocyte-depleted subtypes in this series of cases. EBV, COX-2, p16(INK4A) and p53 were detected in 55% (52/95), 64% (61/95), 62% (59/95), and 65% (62/95) of the cases respectively. EBV was detected in 62% (38/61), 70% (41/59), and 69% (43/62) of COX2, p16 and p53 positive cases respectively. On the other hand, EBV-non-infected cases of cHL are associated with 59% (20/34), 69% (25/36), and 73% (24/33) of COX2, p16 and p53 negative cases respectively. In conclusion, EBV infection is associated with the expression of COX-2, p16(INK4A) and p53. EBV might be the dominant factor in determining the expression of these three proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aktham Awwad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tawam Hospital in Affiliation with Johns Hopkins International MedicineAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manjusha Sudhadevi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sayel Daoud
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tawam Hospital in Affiliation with Johns Hopkins International MedicineAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nico JD Nagelkerke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antonio Castella
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - SM Chong
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University SingaporeSingapore
| | - Mouied Alashari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tawam Hospital in Affiliation with Johns Hopkins International MedicineAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lai CR, Hsu CY, Chen YJ, Yen MS, Chao KC, Li AFY. Ovarian cancers arising from endometriosis: a microenvironmental biomarker study including ER, HNF1ß, p53, PTEN, BAF250a, and COX-2. J Chin Med Assoc 2013; 76:629-34. [PMID: 23962610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcma.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microenvironmental biomarkers of different subtypes of ovarian cancers arising from endometriosis have not been studied in Taiwan. Their expression can help in understanding the carcinogenic mechanism. METHODS Our study used immunohistochemistry to compare the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF1ß), p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), BAF250a, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) among 79 cases of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, including 40 (50%) clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), 33 (41%) endometrioid (EM) adenocarcinomas, four (5%) serous carcinomas, one adenosquamous carcinoma, and one adenosarcoma. RESULTS Positive stainings for ER, HNF1ß, p53, and COX-2 were identified in 34 (43%), 30 (38%), 10 (13%), and 44 (56%) cases. Loss of PTEN and BAF250a were noted in 29 (37%) and 37 (47%) cases. The expression of ER was reversely correlated with that of HNF1ß (rho = -0.417, p < 0.001) and correlated with p53 (rho = 0.284, p = 0.011). ER positivity was commonly identified in EM adenocarcinomas (91%), and rarely in CCCs (8%) and serous carcinoma (0%; p < 0.001). By contrast, HNF1ß expression was frequently noted in CCCs (65%) and serous carcinomas (50%), but less in EM adenocarcinoma (6%; p < 0.001). All staining results were similar between atypical endometriosis glandular epithelium and contiguous malignant parts. Only nine cases showed 10 minor differences (10/474, 2%) in ER, HNF1ß, and BAF250a. For the staining patterns of p53, COX-2, and PTEN, there was no difference between the invasive and precursor parts. CONCLUSION Our results supported the suggestion that estrogen-dependent ovarian cancer arising from endometriosis is substantially more associated with EM adenocarcinoma than CCCs. The positive HNF1ß staining was a frequent finding in CCCs, but not in EM adenocarcinoma. The similar staining patterns of atypical endometriosis glandular cells with the invasive parts confirmed their precursor status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ru Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liao JC, Tsai JC, Peng WH, Chiu YJ, Sung PJ, Tsuzoki M, Kuo YH. Anti-inflammatory activity of N-(3-florophenyl)ethylcaffeamide in mice. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15199-211. [PMID: 23887648 PMCID: PMC3759856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of one synthetic product, N-(3-Florophenyl)ethylcaffeamide (abbrev. FECA), by using animal model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of FECA was determined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The results showed that FECA reduced the paw edema at three, four and five hours after λ-carrageenan administration. The levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α, and MDA in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws were reduced and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in liver tissues were raised by FECA. These results suggested that FECA possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be related to the decrease of the levels of COX-2, NO, and TNF-α in inflamed tissues and the increase in the MDA level by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Jen-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5505) (W.-H.P.); Fax: +886-4-2407-5683 (W.-H.P.)
| | - Yung-Jia Chiu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan
| | - Minoru Tsuzoki
- Nihon Pharmaceutica University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (W.-H.P.); (Y.-H.K.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5505) (W.-H.P.); Fax: +886-4-2407-5683 (W.-H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wohl P, Hucl T, Drastich P, Kamenar D, Spicak J, Honsova E, Sticova E, Lodererova A, Matous J, Hill M, Wohl P, Kucera M. Epithelial markers of colorectal carcinogenesis in ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:2234-2241. [PMID: 23599650 PMCID: PMC3627888 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i14.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the expression of epithelial markers of colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with long-term ulcerative colitis (UC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) before and after transplantation.
METHODS: Eight patients with UC and PSC prior to liver transplantation (PSC-UC), 22 patients with UC after liver transplantation for PSC (OLT), 9 patients with active ulcerative colitis without PSC (UCA), 7 patients with UC in remission (UCR) and 10 controls (N) underwent colonoscopy with multiple biopsies. Specimens were analysed histologically and semi-quantitatively immunohistochemically for p53, Bcl-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) markers. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher’s exact tests.
RESULTS: PSC-UC had a statistically significantly higher expression of p53 in the nondysplastic mucosa as compared to OLT, UCA, UCR and N (P < 0.05). We also found a statistically significant positive correlation between the incidence of PSC and the expression of p53 (P < 0.001). UCA had a higher p53 expression as compared to UCR. OLT had a significantly lower expression of p53 as compared with PSC-UC (P < 0.001). Bcl-2 had a significant higher bcl-2 expression as compared with controls. No difference in COX-2 expression between PSC-UC, UCR and UCA was found. UCA had higher COX-2 expression as compared to UCR. We also found a statistically significant positive correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53. Patients after liver transplantation for PSC had a statistically significantly lower expression of the p53 compared with PSC-UC (P < 0.001). PSC-UC had the same inflammatory endoscopic activity as OLT and UCR when evaluated with the Mayo score.
CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the nondysplatic mucosa of UC patients with PSC is characterised by a higher expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53, suggesting a higher susceptibility of cancer. This p53 overexpression correlates with the presence of PSC whilst it is not present in patients with UC after liver transplantation for PSC.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bazzo KO, Souto AA, Lopes TG, Zanin RF, Gomez MV, Souza AH, Campos MM. Evidence for the analgesic activity of resveratrol in acute models of nociception in mice. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:13-21. [PMID: 23273136 DOI: 10.1021/np300529x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of trans-resveratrol (1) were evaluated in acute nociception models induced by capsaicin or glutamate in mice, in an attempt to further characterize its mechanism of action. The oral administration of 1 (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced significantly the licking behavior elicited by capsaicin (1.6 μg/paw) or glutamate (10 μmol/paw). The co-administration of 1 into the mouse paw (200 μg/site) markedly prevented glutamate-induced licking, without affecting capsaicin responses. In addition, the intrathecal (it) injection of 1 (150 to 600 μg/site) greatly reduced the licking behavior caused by capsaicin, but not glutamate. Similarly, the intracerebroventricular injection of 1 (300 μg/site) caused a potent inhibition of capsaicin-induced nociception, while the glutamate responses remained unaffected. However, the co-administration of 1 (300 μg/site) reduced the biting behavior induced by spinal injection of glutamate (30 μg/site, it), leaving capsaicin (6.4 μg/site)-induced biting unaltered. Notably, the oral administration of 1 (100 mg/kg) inhibited significantly the capsaicin-induced increase of c-Fos and COX-2 labeling in the spinal cord and COX-2 expression in the cortex, but failed to affect c-Fos and COX-2 expression in the glutamate model. This study has explored the effects of 1 in both the capsaicin and glutamate models, extending current knowledge on the analgesic effects of trans-resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen O Bazzo
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tadin T, Krpina K, Štifter S, Babarović E, Fučkar Ž, Jonjić N. Lower cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with recurrence of solitary non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:152. [PMID: 23126361 PMCID: PMC3527228 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new modality is necessary to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after complete transurethral resection because of the high recurrence rate even with current prophylaxis protocols. METHODS In order to analyze the predictive value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in recurrence of this disease tumor specimens from 127 patients with solitary papillary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), 78 with recurrent disease and 49 without recurrence during follow up of minimum 5 years, were retrieved for tissue microarrays construction and immunohistochemical analysis. COX-2 expression was scored according to Allred's scoring protocol, while presence of TILs was categorized as absent (no) or present (yes) on whole tissue sections. RESULTS COX-2 immunoreactivity was presented in 70 (71%), weak in 16% and strong in 55% of cases, while 29 (29%) tumors were negative. TILs were present in 64 (58%) NMIBC, while 44 cases (41%) did not reveal mononuclear infiltration in tumoral stroma. Statistical analysis demonstrated a higher proportion of patients with recurrence in the group with the COX-2 score 0, and lower in the group with score 2 (p=0.0001, p=0.0101, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of recurrent patients in the group with no TILs, and lower proportion in the group with TILs were found (p=0.009, p=0.009, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed overexpression of COX-2 and presence of TILs as negative predictors. CONCLUSION Patients with lower COX-2 expression and absence of TILs in NMIBC need to be followed up more vigorously and probably selected for adjuvant therapy. VIRTUAL SLIDE The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1411318819790406.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Tadin
- Ultrasound Diagnostic Service, Health Centre Rijeka, Martina Kontuša 18, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
- Tomislav Tadin, MD M.Sc., Ultrasound Diagnostic Service, Martina Kontuša 18, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Kristian Krpina
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Sanja Štifter
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Emina Babarović
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Željko Fučkar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Tome Strižića 3, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Nives Jonjić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 20, Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miladi-Abdennadher I, Abdelmaksoud-Dammak R, Ayed-Guerfali DB, Ayadi L, Khabir A, Amouri A, Frikha F, Tahri N, Ellouz S, Frikha M, Sellami-Boudawara T, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Expression of COX-2 and E-cadherin in Tunisian patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:577-81. [PMID: 22133296 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and E-cadherin are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of these two proteins in primary colorectal adenocarcinomas and to investigate their association with clinicopathological characteristics including survival of patients. Immunostaining of E-cadherin and COX-2 was assessed in 70 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas from Tunisian patients. Membranous E-cadherin immunostaining and cytoplasmic COX-2 expression were observed in 74.3% and 68.6% of cases respectively. A significant association was found between COX-2 expression and age at diagnosis (P=0.02), and vessel invasion (P=0.037). The expression of E-cadherin correlated with age at diagnosis (P=0.01), and tumor size (P=0.02). In addition, by multivariate analysis, we revealed a significant association with 1-year disease free survival and a tendency with distant metastasis (P=0.017 and P=0.065 respectively). On the other hand, tumors exhibiting COX-2+/E-cadherin-profile were larger (P=0.006), and in an advanced stage (P=0.001). Survival analysis showed that COX-2 over-expression confers a reduced overall survival rate (Plog rank=0.036) and is an independent factor predictive for prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Miladi-Abdennadher
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Production of Therapeutic Proteins, Center of Biotechnology, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peltier MR, Klimova NG, Arita Y, Gurzenda EM, Murthy A, Chawala K, Lerner V, Richardson J, Hanna N. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines by the placenta. Placenta 2012; 33:745-9. [PMID: 22749501 PMCID: PMC3423505 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether(s) (PBDE) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that bind and cross the placenta but their effects on pregnancy outcome are unclear. It is possible that environmental contaminants increase the risk of inflammation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preterm birth by promoting a proinflammatory environment at the maternal-fetal interface. We hypothesized that PBDE would reduce IL-10 production and enhance the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with preterm labor/birth by placental explants. Second-trimester placental explants were cultured in either vehicle (control) or 2 μM PBDE mixture of congers 47, 99 and 100 for 72 h. Cultures were then stimulated with 10(6) CFU/ml heat-killed Escherichia coli for a final 24 h incubation and conditioned medium was harvested for quantification of cytokines and PGE(2). COX-2 content and viability of the treated tissues were then quantified by tissue ELISA and MTT reduction activity, respectively. PBDE pre-treatment reduced E. coli-stimulated IL-10 production and significantly increased E. coli-stimulated IL-1β secretion. PBDE exposure also increased basal and bacteria-stimulated COX-2 expression. Basal, but not bacteria-stimulated PGE(2), was also enhanced by PBDE exposure. No effect of PBDE on viability of the explants cultures was detected. In summary, pre-exposure of placental explants to congers 47, 99, and 100 enhanced the placental proinflammatory response to infection. This may increase the risk of infection-mediated preterm birth by lowering the threshold for bacteria to stimulate a proinflammatory response(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R. Peltier
- Women and Children’s Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY; Department of Obstetrics, Gyneocology and Reproductive Medicine, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Natalia G. Klimova
- Women and Children’s Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Yuko Arita
- Women and Children’s Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Ellen M. Gurzenda
- Women and Children’s Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Amitasrigowri Murthy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Kiranpreet Chawala
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Veronica Lerner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jason Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children’s Research Laboratory, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY
| |
Collapse
|